JP3630564B2 - Concentrated nitrogen production method - Google Patents
Concentrated nitrogen production method Download PDFInfo
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- JP3630564B2 JP3630564B2 JP21731198A JP21731198A JP3630564B2 JP 3630564 B2 JP3630564 B2 JP 3630564B2 JP 21731198 A JP21731198 A JP 21731198A JP 21731198 A JP21731198 A JP 21731198A JP 3630564 B2 JP3630564 B2 JP 3630564B2
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 174
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 84
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 167
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 110
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は濃縮窒素製造方法に関する。さらに詳しくは、窒素と酸素を含有する混合ガス、特に空気から圧力スイング吸着法(PSA法)によって濃縮窒素を製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
窒素ガスは、化学工業、食品工業、半導体工業等でその不活性な性質を利用して、酸化防止用、防爆シール用等様々な分野で使用されている。従来このような分野には液化窒素が使用されてきたが、近年PSA法により、比較的簡便かつ、安価に濃縮窒素を得ることが可能となったため、PSA法による窒素ガスの製造が普及しつつある。
【0003】
分子篩炭素(CMS:Carbon Molecular Sieve)を吸着剤とし、窒素と酸素の混合ガスを原料に用いて、非吸着ガスとしての窒素を製品ガスとして得るPSA法による濃縮窒素の製造方法は公知であり様々な技術が知られている。
【0004】
PSA法による窒素ガスの製造は吸着、均圧、脱着等の一連の工程を周期的に繰り返し行うものであるが、従来は、各工程を製品としての濃縮窒素の抜出量に基づいて予め決められた時間行うようにしていた。しかしながら、各工程時間を予め決めて行うPSA法では、濃縮窒素の抜出量が増加した場合、吸着工程において吸着塔内の吸着剤に供給される原料空気量も増加し、原料空気量が吸着剤の能力以上に供給されることとなり、吸着し切れなかった酸素の濃度が上昇し、製品ガスとしての濃縮窒素の品質は低下することになる。
【0005】
上記問題を解決するために、従来、濃縮窒素の抜出量に応じて吸着工程の設定時間を変化させる方法によって対応してきた。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、濃縮窒素の抜出量を変化させるたびに吸着時間を設定し直さなければならないのは煩わしいことである。また、吸着時間を設定し直すにしても、製品ガスとしての品質を保つため、不純物としての酸素濃度をできるだけ低く抑える必要があり、そのためには安全サイドとして濃縮窒素の抜出量に上限を設けた上で吸着時間を設定しなければならず、その上限以上には抜出量を増加させることができない。さらに、PSA法の一連の工程を繰り返すと、繰り返し回数の増加とともに、吸着剤の吸着能が低下するため、やがては吸着されない酸素が増加して、目標とする純度の濃縮窒素が得られなくなるが、吸着時間を設定し直す方法では、この問題に対処することができない。
【0007】
以上の状況に鑑み、本発明の課題は、製品濃縮窒素の抜出量が増減したり、吸着剤の吸着能が使用時間の経過とともに低下しても、常に所定値以上の純度を有する濃縮窒素を製造することができる、PSA法による濃縮窒素製造方法を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段、作用及び効果】
上記課題を解決するために、本発明によれば、分子篩炭素を充填した複数の吸着塔に窒素と酸素を含有する混合ガスを導入して、少なくとも吸着工程、均圧工程及び脱着工程を含む一連の工程を順次繰り返し、連続的に濃縮窒素を得る方法において、各吸着塔で吸着工程を行っている間に当該吸着塔の出口ガス中の酸素濃度を測定して、その測定酸素濃度が目的とする製品濃縮窒素における酸素濃度に達するまでに所定の吸着時間が経過した場合には、その時点で吸着工程を終了して均圧工程に移行する一方、この所定の吸着時間が経過するまでに測定酸素濃度が目的とする製品濃縮窒素における酸素濃度に達した場合には、その時点で吸着工程を終了して均圧工程に移行することを特徴とする、濃縮窒素の製造方法が提供される。
【0009】
以上の製造方法によれば、先ず基本となる吸着時間を予め設定しておき、測定酸素濃度が所定値(目的とする製品濃縮窒素の純度によって決まる)に達する前にこの基本の(所定の)吸着時間が経過した場合には、その時点で吸着工程を終了して均圧工程に移行する。基本の吸着時間が経過しても酸素濃度が所定値に達してないということは、製品濃縮窒素の純度が目標とする値よりも依然高いということであるから、その時点で吸着を終了すればよいのである。一方、この所定の吸着時間が経過するまでに測定酸素濃度が所定値に達した場合には、それ以上吸着を続けると濃縮窒素の純度が目標値を下回ることになるので、その時点で吸着工程を終了して均圧工程に移行するのである。従って、基本となる吸着時間を一旦設定すれば、製品濃縮窒素の抜出量を変更しても、基本となる吸着時間を改めて設定し直す必要はなく、測定酸素濃度の変化に応じて自動的に吸着時間が短縮されて、製品濃縮窒素の純度が常に目標値以上に維持されるのである。
【0010】
一般に、実用上求められる窒素純度は99.999〜90%の範囲内にあるので、上記濃縮窒素製造方法においては、測定酸素濃度が0.001〜10%の範囲にある所定値に達したときに吸着工程を終了して均圧工程に移行するようにする。
【0011】
また、吸着工程の圧力は通常0.3〜1.0MPaの範囲に設定し、脱着工程の圧力は0.05MPa〜大気圧の範囲に設定される。さらに、混合ガス(原料ガス)としては、空気を用いるのが最も一般的である。
【0012】
本発明の好適な実施例によれば、2塔の吸着塔を用いてPSA法による濃縮窒素製造方法が実施される。この構成によれば、一方の吸着塔で吸着工程が行われている間に、他方の吸着塔で脱着工程が行われ、次いで両吸着塔間での均圧工程を経て吸着工程と脱着工程が行われる吸着塔が切り替えられる。従って、短時間の均圧工程を除き、常にいずれか一方の吸着塔が吸着工程を行うことになるので、濃縮窒素を実質的に連続的に製造することができる。
【0013】
なお、空気から窒素を濃縮するためのPSA法において、吸着塔の出口ガス中の酸素濃度を測定して、測定酸素濃度が所定のレベルに達したときに吸着工程から均圧工程に移行することについては特公平4−8085号公報及び特公平4−9568号公報に記載されている。しかしながら、これら各号公報に記載のPSA法では、富化されたガス(窒素ガス)の純度が予め定められた純度(すなわち、製品窒素の目標純度)よりも1〜10%下 がるのをまって吸着工程から均圧工程に移行させ、この若干純度の低いガスを続く均圧工程で一方の吸着塔から他方の吸着塔に導いて、当該他方の吸着塔の再加圧に利用することを最も重要な特徴としている。より具体的には、製品窒素の目標純度が99%であるとすると、これよりも1〜10%低い89〜98%(酸素濃度2〜12%)になるまで吸着工程を引き延ばして、その後に均圧工程に移行するようにしているのである。
【0014】
これに対し、本発明の濃縮窒素製造方法では、各吸着塔の出口ガスが製品濃縮窒素の目標純度に到達した時点で直ぐに吸着工程から均圧工程に移行するようにしている。例えば、製品窒素の目標純度が99%であるとすると、各吸着塔の出口ガスにおける酸素濃度が1%まで上昇した時点で直ちに吸着工程を終了して均圧工程に移行するのである。従って、本発明は上記各公報に記載のPSA法とは目的・作用・効果において基本的に異なるものである。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明の実施形態を添付図面に基づき説明する。
【0016】
図1は、本発明に係る濃縮窒素製造方法を実施するのに用いる典型的なPSA装置を示す。同図に示されるように、PSA装置は、2つの吸着塔A,B(第一吸着塔Aと第二吸着塔B)と、濃縮窒素貯槽Cと、真空ポンプDと、酸素濃度計Eと、切替弁制御装置Fと、複数の切替弁1〜8と、を備えている。
【0017】
各吸着塔A,Bには、吸着剤として分子篩炭素が充填されている。分子篩炭素は、加圧状態においては、原料の混合ガスとしての空気から酸素を選択的に吸着しつつ窒素を通過させ、減圧状態においては、吸着した酸素を脱着させる。
【0018】
原料の空気は、図外のコンプレッサにより0.3MPaから1.0MPaまでの範囲の圧力に圧縮されて、切替弁1,2を介して各吸着塔A,Bにそれぞれ供給される(吸着工程)。また、各吸着塔A,Bにおいて吸着されなかった窒素は、切替弁3,4をそれぞれ介して濃縮窒素貯槽Cに貯えられる。
【0019】
一方、脱着工程においては、各吸着塔A,Bが切替弁7,8を介して大気に開放されるか、或いは真空ポンプDにより減圧される。これにより、吸着剤に吸着された酸素は脱着することになり、吸着剤が再生される。脱着による吸着剤の再生は通常、大気圧から0.05MPaまでの範囲の圧力で行われる。
【0020】
切替弁5,6は、両吸着塔A,Bの間のガス導通を図るためのものであり、均圧工程等に利用される。
【0021】
酸素濃度計Eは、各吸着塔A,Bからの出口ガス中の酸素濃度を測定して、切替弁制御装置Fに濃度信号を送信する。そして、切替弁制御装置Fは、各種の切替弁1〜8を適宜開閉制御する。ここで用いられる酸素濃度計Eとしては、ジルコニア式酸素濃度計、ガルバニ電池式酸素濃度計等が挙げられる。また、切替弁1〜8としては、コンピュータ等で構成される切替弁制御装置Fからの指令に基づいて電気的に制御可能なソレノイド弁等を用いることができる。
【0022】
図2は上記PSA装置を用いて濃縮窒素製造方法を行う場合の参考例としてのタイミング図である。同図に示すように、第一吸着塔Aが吸着工程にある間、第二吸着塔Bは脱着工程にあり、切替弁1,3,8は開とされ、切替弁2,4,5,6,7は閉とされる。第一吸着塔Aでは、空気から酸素が選択的に吸着され、吸着されなかった窒素が濃縮窒素貯槽Cに貯えられる。第二吸着塔Bでは、吸着された酸素が減圧下で脱着され、吸着剤の再 生が行われる。
【0023】
酸素濃度計Eは、第一吸着塔Aからの出口ガス中の微量の酸素を測定し、測定結果を電気信号として切替弁制御装置Fに送信する。測定酸素濃度が所定値(製品濃縮窒素の目標純度が99%であれば、酸素濃度の所定値は1%)に達すると、切替弁制御装置Fは第一吸着塔Aの吸着工程及び第二吸着塔Bの脱着工程を終了し、両吸着塔A,B間での均圧工程に移行するように切替弁の開閉動作を指令する。
【0024】
均圧工程においては、切替弁1,2,3,4,6,7,8が閉とされ、切替弁5のみが開とされる。この結果、第一吸着塔Aの残留ガスが切替弁5を介して第二吸着塔Bに流入して、第二吸着塔Bが後の吸着工程に備えて部分的に加圧される。この均圧工程は、0.3〜5秒程度の短時間で終了する。なお、この均圧工程において、切替弁2を開として第二吸着塔Bについての部分的加圧を促進してもよいし、また切替弁7を開として第一吸着塔Aについての部分的減圧を促進してもよい。
【0025】
所定の短時間の均圧工程が終了すると、第一吸着塔Aについて脱着工程が行われ、第二吸着塔Bについて吸着工程が行われる。このために、切替弁制御装置Fによって、切替弁2,4,7は開とされ、切替弁1,3,5,6,8は閉とされる。この結果、第二吸着塔Bでは、空気から酸素が選択的に吸着され、吸着されなかった窒素が濃縮窒素貯槽Cに貯えられる一方、第一吸着塔Aでは、先の吸着工程で吸着された酸素が減圧下で脱着され、吸着剤の再生が行われる。
【0026】
第二吸着塔Bについての吸着工程においても、酸素濃度計Eは、第二吸着塔Bからの出口ガス中の微量の酸素を測定し、測定結果を電気信号として切替弁制御装置Fに送信する。測定酸素濃度が所定値に達すると、切替弁制御装置Fは第二吸着塔Bの吸着工程及び第一吸着塔Aの脱着工程を終了し、両吸着塔A,B間での均圧工程に移行するように切替弁の開閉動作を指令する。
【0027】
第二吸着塔Bの吸着工程に続く均圧工程は第一吸着塔Aの吸着工程に続く均圧工程と全く同様であり、切替弁1,2,3,4,6,7,8が閉とされ、切替弁5のみが開とされた状態で行われる。これにより、第二吸着塔Bの残留ガスが切替弁5を介して第一吸着塔Aに流入して、第一吸着塔Aが後の吸着工程に備えて部分的に加圧される。
【0028】
以上により、両吸着塔A,Bについての完全な1サイクルが完了する。以降は同様のサイクルが繰り返されて、濃縮窒素が実質的に連続的に製造される。
【0029】
以上述べた参考例において、各吸着塔A,Bからの濃縮窒素の抜出量が増加した場合、窒素ガス中に含まれる酸素濃度の上昇速度が速まる。しかしながら、酸素濃度計Eは常に酸素濃度をモニタしており、その測定値が所定レベルに到達した時点で直ちに吸着工程を終了して(その結果、吸着時間が短くなる)、均圧工程に移行するため、窒素純度は目標値(例えば、99%)以上に安定して維持されるのである。
【0030】
一方、各吸着塔A,Bからの濃縮窒素の抜出量が減少した場合、窒素ガス中に含まれる酸素濃度の上昇速度が低下する。しかしながら、この場合も、酸素濃度計Eは常に酸素濃度をモニタしており、その測定値が所定レベルに到達するまでは吸着工程を終了しないため、吸着時間が長くなる。この結果、吸着剤が未だ目標窒素純度を維持しつつ酸素の吸着を継続できる余裕があるにも拘わらず、早期に吸着工程を終えてしまうという事態を回避できる。
【0031】
図3は図1に示すPSA装置を用いて本発明の濃縮窒素製造方法を行う場合のタイミン グ図である。本発明方法は、吸着工程、均圧工程、脱着工程及び均圧工程からなる一連の工程で1サイクルが構成されている点、各吸着塔A,Bについての吸着工程において酸素濃度を測定して、測定値が所定値に到達したときに吸着工程から均圧工程に移行する点、及び各工程における切替弁1〜8の開閉状態については上記参考例と同じである。
【0032】
一方、本発明方法においては、各吸着塔A,Bからの出口ガス中の酸素濃度を測定することに加えて、基本となる吸着時間を予め切替弁制御装置Fに設定しておく。具体的には、切替弁制御装置F内に吸着時間設定用のカウンタ(タイマ)を設け、各吸着塔A,Bにおける吸着工程が開始されたときにカウンタが計時を開始するようにし、酸素濃度計Eによって測定された酸素濃度が所定値に到達する前に所定の吸着時間が経過した場合には、その時点で吸着工程を終了して均圧工程に移行するようにするのである。その反対に、所定の吸着時間が経過する前に測定酸素濃度が所定値に到達した場合には、その時点で吸着工程を終了して均圧工程に移行するようにする。
【0033】
図3のタイミング図においては、最初の1サイクルで所定の吸着時間の経過により吸着工程を終了しており、続く1サイクルで測定酸素濃度が所定値に達することで吸着工程を終了している。一般的に、濃縮窒素の抜出量が少ない場合には、酸素濃度の増加速度が遅くなるため所定の吸着時間の経過によって吸着工程が終了することになり、濃縮窒素の抜出量が多い場合には、酸素濃度の増加速度が速くなるため測定酸素濃度が所定値に達することで吸着工程を終了することになる。また、濃縮窒素の抜出量を少ないまま一定にしていても、吸着剤の吸着能が経時的に低下するため、当初は所定の吸着時間の経過によって吸着工程が終了しても、PSAサイクルを繰り返すうちに、測定酸素濃度が所定値に達することで吸着工程を終了するように変化する。
【0034】
以上のように本発明方法では、所定の吸着時間が経過して吸着工程を終了するということは、その時間内に酸素濃度が所定値に到達しなかったということであるから、製品濃縮窒素は常に目標純度以上に維持されることになる。また、予め設定する基本の吸着時間は一旦設定すれば、濃縮窒素の抜出量を増減しても変更する必要はない。
【0035】
【実施例】
以下、本発明のより具体的な実施例を比較例および参考例とともに説明するが、本発明の技術範囲は本発明の実施例により何ら限定されるものではない。
【0036】
(比較例)
図1に示すPSA装置において、各吸着塔A,Bに分子篩炭素をそれぞれ100kgを充填し、混合ガス(原料ガス)として空気を用い、吸着工程における吸着圧力を0.7MPaとし、脱着工程における脱着を各吸着塔A,Bを大気圧に開放することによって行うものとし、吸着時間を120秒に固定して、均圧工程の時間は1秒として、濃縮窒素を製造した。その際、濃縮窒素の抜出量を15〜30Nm 3 /Hの範囲で変化させて、各吸着塔A,Bからの出口ガス中の酸素濃度の変化と原料空気の供給量の変化を測定した。
【0037】
以上の結果を、図4及び図5における曲線L2,L4にて示す。図4の曲線L2から分かるように、吸着時間を固定した場合、濃縮窒素の抜出量を増加させると、それに応じて酸素濃度も大きく増加し、濃縮窒素の純度が低下することになる。また、図5の曲線L4から分かるように、濃縮窒素の抜出量が比較的少なくても供給空気量を比較的多く設定しなければならず、収率が低くなっている。
【0038】
(参考例)
図1に示すPSA装置において、各吸着塔A,Bに分子篩炭素をそれぞれ100kgを充填し、混合ガス(原料ガス)として空気を用い、吸着工程における吸着圧力を0.7M Paとし、脱着工程における脱着を各吸着塔A,Bを大気圧に開放することによって行うものとし、均圧工程の時間は1秒として、上記参考例に従い濃縮窒素を製造した。その際、吸着工程から均圧工程への移行タイミングを決定する酸素濃度の設定値は0.75%とし、濃縮窒素の抜出量を15〜30Nm 3 /Hの範囲で変化させて、各吸着塔A,Bからの出口ガス中の酸素濃度の変化と原料空気の供給量の変化を測定した。
【0039】
以上の結果を、図4及び図5における曲線L1,L3にて示す。図4の曲線L1から分かるように、吸着時間を固定せず酸素濃度が所定値に到達した時点で吸着工程から均圧工程に切り替えるようにした場合、酸素濃度がほぼ設定値(本参考例では0.75%)付近で安定し、濃縮窒素の純度を目標値以上に維持できる。また、図5の曲線L3から分かるように、少なくとも濃縮窒素の抜出量が15〜25Nm 3 /Hの範囲では吸着時間固定の場合よりも少ない供給空気量で多くの濃縮窒素を製造することができる。
【0040】
(実施例1)
図1に示すPSA装置において、各吸着塔A,Bに分子篩炭素をそれぞれ100kgを充填し、混合ガス(原料ガス)として空気を用い、吸着工程における吸着圧力を0.7MPaとし、脱着工程における脱着を各吸着塔A,Bを大気圧に開放することによって行うものとし、均圧工程の時間は1秒として、本発明の実施形態に従い、濃縮窒素を製造した。その際、基本となる吸着時間は180秒に設定する一方、酸素濃度0.75%に到達した場合には、その吸着時間の経過前であっても吸着工程を終了するように設定した上で、濃縮窒素の抜出量を15〜30Nm 3 /Hの範囲で変化させた。
【0041】
その結果、濃縮窒素の抜出量が15〜20Nm 3 /Hまでは設定した吸着時間が優先して均圧工程への切替タイミングを決定し、抜出量が20Nm 3 /Hを超えると設定した吸着時間の経過前に均圧工程に切り替わることが分かった。また、濃縮窒素の抜出量の変化に拘わらず、酸素濃度は常に0.75%以下に安定し、濃縮窒素の純度を目標値以上に維持できることも確認できた。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の濃縮窒素製造方法を実施するために用いるPSA装置を示す概略構成図である。
【図2】本発明の基礎となる参考例を示すタイミング図である。
【図3】本発明の濃縮窒素製造方法を示すタイミング図である。
【図4】製品窒素量と酸素濃度との関係を示すグラフである。
【図5】製品窒素量と原料空気供給量との関係を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
A,B ・・・ 吸着塔
C ・・・ 濃縮窒素貯槽
D ・・・ 真空ポンプ
E ・・・ 酸素濃度計
F ・・・ 切替弁制御装置
1〜8 ・・・ 切替弁[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing concentrated nitrogen. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of producing concentrated nitrogen by a pressure swing adsorption method (PSA method) from a mixed gas containing nitrogen and oxygen, particularly air.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Nitrogen gas is used in various fields such as antioxidation and explosion-proof seals by utilizing its inert properties in the chemical industry, food industry, semiconductor industry and the like. Conventionally, liquefied nitrogen has been used in such fields, but in recent years it has become possible to obtain concentrated nitrogen relatively easily and inexpensively by the PSA method, and therefore production of nitrogen gas by the PSA method is becoming widespread. is there.
[0003]
There are various known methods for producing concentrated nitrogen by the PSA method using carbon molecular sieve (CMS) as an adsorbent, a mixed gas of nitrogen and oxygen as a raw material, and nitrogen as a non-adsorbed gas as a product gas. Technology is known.
[0004]
The production of nitrogen gas by the PSA method is a process in which a series of processes such as adsorption, pressure equalization, and desorption are periodically repeated. Conventionally, each process is determined in advance based on the amount of nitrogen extracted as a product. I had to do it for a given time. However, in the PSA method in which each process time is determined in advance, when the amount of concentrated nitrogen extracted increases, the amount of raw material air supplied to the adsorbent in the adsorption tower in the adsorption step also increases, and the amount of raw material air is adsorbed. It will be supplied in excess of the capacity of the agent, the concentration of oxygen that could not be adsorbed will rise, and the quality of the concentrated nitrogen as product gas will be reduced.
[0005]
In order to solve the above problem, conventionally, a method of changing the set time of the adsorption process in accordance with the amount of concentrated nitrogen extracted has been used.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, it is troublesome to reset the adsorption time each time the amount of concentrated nitrogen extracted is changed. In addition, even if the adsorption time is reset, it is necessary to keep the oxygen concentration as an impurity as low as possible in order to maintain the quality of the product gas. In addition, the adsorption time must be set, and the extraction amount cannot be increased beyond the upper limit. Furthermore, when a series of steps of the PSA method is repeated, the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent decreases with an increase in the number of repetitions, so that oxygen that is not adsorbed eventually increases, and concentrated nitrogen with the target purity cannot be obtained. This problem cannot be solved by resetting the adsorption time.
[0007]
In view of the above situation, the problem of the present invention is that concentrated nitrogen always has a purity of a predetermined value or more even when the amount of product concentrated nitrogen extracted is increased or decreased and the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent decreases with the passage of time of use. Is to provide a method for producing concentrated nitrogen by the PSA method.
[0008]
[Means, actions and effects for solving the problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present onset bright, while introducing a mixed gas containing nitrogen and oxygen to the plurality of adsorption towers filled with molecular sieve carbon, containing at least the adsorption step, pressure equalization step and the desorption step In the method of sequentially repeating a series of steps to obtain concentrated nitrogen continuously, the oxygen concentration in the outlet gas of the adsorption tower is measured while the adsorption step is being performed in each adsorption tower, and the measured oxygen concentration is the target. and if a predetermined suction time to reach the oxygen concentration in the product-concentrated nitrogen has elapsed for, the program shifts to the pressure equalizing step to terminate the adsorption step at that time, until the elapse of the predetermined adsorption time When the measured oxygen concentration reaches the target oxygen concentration in the product concentrated nitrogen , a method for producing concentrated nitrogen is provided, characterized in that the adsorption process is terminated at that point and the process proceeds to a pressure equalization process. The
[0009]
According to the above manufacturing method, first, a basic adsorption time is set in advance, and this basic (predetermined) before the measured oxygen concentration reaches a predetermined value (determined by the purity of the target product concentrated nitrogen). If the adsorption time has elapsed, the adsorption process is terminated at that point and the process proceeds to a pressure equalization process. The fact that the oxygen concentration has not reached the predetermined value even after the basic adsorption time has passed means that the purity of the product concentrated nitrogen is still higher than the target value. It's good. On the other hand, if the measured oxygen concentration reaches a predetermined value before the predetermined adsorption time elapses, if the adsorption is continued further, the purity of the concentrated nitrogen will fall below the target value. Then, the process is shifted to the pressure equalization process. Therefore, once the basic adsorption time is set, it is not necessary to set the basic adsorption time again even if the amount of product concentrated nitrogen is withdrawn, and automatically changes according to changes in the measured oxygen concentration. Thus, the adsorption time is shortened, and the purity of the product concentrated nitrogen is always maintained above the target value.
[0010]
Generally, the nitrogen purity required for practical use is in the range of 99.999 to 90%. Therefore, in the concentrated nitrogen production method, when the measured oxygen concentration reaches a predetermined value in the range of 0.001 to 10%. Then, the adsorption step is completed and the pressure equalization step is started.
[0011]
The pressure in the adsorption step is usually set in the range of 0.3 to 1.0 MPa, and the pressure in the desorption step is set in the range of 0.05 MPa to atmospheric pressure. Further, air is most commonly used as a mixed gas (raw material gas).
[0012]
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method for producing concentrated nitrogen by the PSA method is carried out using two adsorption towers. According to this configuration, while the adsorption process is performed in one adsorption tower, the desorption process is performed in the other adsorption tower, and then the adsorption process and the desorption process are performed through the pressure equalization process between both adsorption towers. The adsorption tower to be performed is switched. Therefore, except for the short-time pressure equalization step, one of the adsorption towers always performs the adsorption step, so that concentrated nitrogen can be produced substantially continuously.
[0013]
In the PSA method for concentrating nitrogen from air, the oxygen concentration in the outlet gas of the adsorption tower is measured, and when the measured oxygen concentration reaches a predetermined level, the adsorption process is shifted to the pressure equalization process. Is described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-8085 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-9568. However, in the PSA process described in each of these, JP-purity purity of the enriched gas (nitrogen gas) is predetermined (i.e., target product purity nitrogen) at the bottom of 1-10% want than The process is shifted from the adsorption process to the pressure equalization process, and this slightly lower purity gas is led from one adsorption tower to the other adsorption tower in the subsequent pressure equalization process and used for repressurization of the other adsorption tower. Is the most important feature. More specifically, if the target purity of the product nitrogen is 99%, the adsorption process is extended until 89 to 98% (
[0014]
In contrast, in the concentrated nitrogen production method of the present invention, the adsorption process is immediately shifted to the pressure equalization process when the outlet gas of each adsorption tower reaches the target purity of the product concentrated nitrogen. For example, if the target purity of product nitrogen is 99%, the adsorption process is immediately terminated when the oxygen concentration in the outlet gas of each adsorption tower rises to 1%, and the pressure equalization process is started. Therefore, the present invention is basically different from the PSA method described in the above publications in terms of purpose, action, and effect.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0016]
FIG. 1 shows a typical PSA apparatus used to carry out the method for producing concentrated nitrogen according to the present invention. As shown in the figure, the PSA apparatus includes two adsorption towers A and B (first adsorption tower A and second adsorption tower B), a concentrated nitrogen storage tank C, a vacuum pump D, and an oximeter E. The switching valve control device F and a plurality of switching valves 1 to 8 are provided.
[0017]
Each adsorption tower A, B is packed with molecular sieve carbon as an adsorbent. The molecular sieve carbon allows nitrogen to pass through while selectively adsorbing oxygen from air as a mixed gas of the raw material in a pressurized state, and desorbs the adsorbed oxygen in a reduced pressure state.
[0018]
The raw material air is compressed to a pressure in the range from 0.3 MPa to 1.0 MPa by a compressor (not shown) and supplied to the adsorption towers A and B via the switching valves 1 and 2 (adsorption process). . Further, nitrogen that has not been adsorbed in the adsorption towers A and B is stored in the concentrated nitrogen storage tank C via the switching valves 3 and 4, respectively.
[0019]
On the other hand, in the desorption process, the adsorption towers A and B are opened to the atmosphere via the switching
[0020]
The switching
[0021]
The oxygen concentration meter E measures the oxygen concentration in the outlet gas from each of the adsorption towers A and B and transmits a concentration signal to the switching valve control device F. And the switching valve control apparatus F controls opening / closing of the various switching valves 1 to 8 as appropriate. Examples of the oxygen concentration meter E used here include a zirconia oxygen concentration meter and a galvanic cell oxygen concentration meter. Moreover, as the switching valves 1-8, the solenoid valve etc. which can be electrically controlled based on the instruction | command from the switching valve control apparatus F comprised with a computer etc. can be used.
[0022]
FIG. 2 is a timing chart as a reference example when the concentrated nitrogen production method is performed using the PSA apparatus. As shown in the figure, while the first adsorption tower A is in the adsorption process, the second adsorption tower B is in the desorption process, the switching
[0023]
The oxygen concentration meter E measures a small amount of oxygen in the outlet gas from the first adsorption tower A, and transmits the measurement result to the switching valve control device F as an electrical signal. When the measured oxygen concentration reaches a predetermined value (if the target purity of the product-concentrated nitrogen is 99%, the predetermined value of the oxygen concentration is 1%), the switching valve control device F performs the adsorption process of the first adsorption tower A and the second The desorption process of the adsorption tower B is finished, and the opening / closing operation of the switching valve is commanded to shift to the pressure equalization process between the adsorption towers A and B.
[0024]
In the pressure equalization step, the switching
[0025]
When the pressure equalizing process for a predetermined short time is completed, the desorption process is performed for the first adsorption tower A, and the adsorption process is performed for the second adsorption tower B. For this purpose, the switching
[0026]
Also in the adsorption step for the second adsorption tower B, the oxygen concentration meter E measures a small amount of oxygen in the outlet gas from the second adsorption tower B, and transmits the measurement result to the switching valve control device F as an electrical signal. . When the measured oxygen concentration reaches a predetermined value, the switching valve control device F ends the adsorption process of the second adsorption tower B and the desorption process of the first adsorption tower A, and performs a pressure equalization process between the adsorption towers A and B. Commands the switching valve to open and close.
[0027]
The pressure equalization process following the adsorption process of the second adsorption tower B is exactly the same as the pressure equalization process following the adsorption process of the first adsorption tower A, and the switching
[0028]
Thus, one complete cycle for both adsorption towers A and B is completed. Thereafter, a similar cycle is repeated to produce concentrated nitrogen substantially continuously.
[0029]
In the reference example described above, when the amount of concentrated nitrogen extracted from each of the adsorption towers A and B increases, the rate of increase in the oxygen concentration contained in the nitrogen gas increases. However, the oximeter E constantly monitors the oxygen concentration, and when the measured value reaches a predetermined level, the adsorption process is finished immediately (as a result, the adsorption time is shortened) and the process proceeds to the pressure equalization process. Therefore, the nitrogen purity is stably maintained at a target value (for example, 99%) or more.
[0030]
On the other hand, when the amount of concentrated nitrogen extracted from the adsorption towers A and B decreases, the rate of increase in the oxygen concentration contained in the nitrogen gas decreases. However, also in this case, the oxygen concentration meter E constantly monitors the oxygen concentration, and the adsorption process is not completed until the measured value reaches a predetermined level, so the adsorption time becomes long. As a result, it is possible to avoid a situation in which the adsorption process is completed at an early stage even though the adsorbent still has a margin to continue the adsorption of oxygen while maintaining the target nitrogen purity.
[0031]
Figure 3 is a timing diagram of the case where the concentration of nitrogen production method of the present invention using a PSA apparatus illustrated in FIG. In the method of the present invention, one cycle is composed of a series of steps consisting of an adsorption step, a pressure equalization step, a desorption step and a pressure equalization step, and the oxygen concentration is measured in the adsorption step for each of the adsorption towers A and B. The point of shifting from the adsorption process to the pressure equalizing process when the measured value reaches a predetermined value and the open / closed states of the switching valves 1 to 8 in each process are the same as in the above reference example.
[0032]
On the other hand, in the method of the present invention, in addition to measuring the oxygen concentration in the outlet gas from each of the adsorption towers A and B, the basic adsorption time is set in the switching valve control device F in advance. Specifically, a counter (timer) for setting the adsorption time is provided in the switching valve control device F so that the counter starts counting when the adsorption process in each of the adsorption towers A and B is started. When a predetermined adsorption time has elapsed before the oxygen concentration measured by the meter E reaches a predetermined value, the adsorption process is terminated at that point and the pressure equalization process is started. On the other hand, if the measured oxygen concentration reaches a predetermined value before the predetermined adsorption time has elapsed, the adsorption process is terminated at that point and the pressure equalization process is started.
[0033]
In the timing chart of FIG. 3, the adsorption process is completed by the elapse of a predetermined adsorption time in the first cycle, and the adsorption process is terminated when the measured oxygen concentration reaches a predetermined value in the subsequent cycle. In general, when the amount of concentrated nitrogen extracted is small, the rate of increase in oxygen concentration will be slow, so the adsorption process will be completed after the specified adsorption time has elapsed, and the amount of concentrated nitrogen extracted is large. In this case, since the increasing rate of the oxygen concentration becomes faster, the adsorption process is ended when the measured oxygen concentration reaches a predetermined value. In addition, even if the extraction amount of concentrated nitrogen is kept small, the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent decreases with time. Therefore, even if the adsorption process is terminated after a predetermined adsorption time, the PSA cycle is started. During the repetition, when the measured oxygen concentration reaches a predetermined value, the adsorption process is changed to end.
[0034]
As described above, in the method of the present invention, the end of the adsorption process after the elapse of the predetermined adsorption time means that the oxygen concentration did not reach the predetermined value within that time. It will always be maintained above the target purity. Moreover, once the basic adsorption time set in advance is set, it does not need to be changed even if the amount of concentrated nitrogen extracted is increased or decreased.
[0035]
【Example】
Hereinafter, although the more concrete Example of this invention is described with a comparative example and a reference example, the technical scope of this invention is not limited at all by the Example of this invention.
[0036]
(Comparative example)
In the PSA apparatus shown in FIG. 1, each adsorption tower A and B is filled with 100 kg of molecular sieve carbon, air is used as a mixed gas (raw material gas), the adsorption pressure in the adsorption process is 0.7 MPa, and desorption in the desorption process. Was performed by opening each of the adsorption towers A and B to atmospheric pressure, the adsorption time was fixed at 120 seconds, and the pressure equalizing step time was 1 second to produce concentrated nitrogen. At that time, the extraction amount of the concentrated nitrogen was changed in the range of 15 to 30 Nm 3 / H, and the change in the oxygen concentration in the outlet gas from each of the adsorption towers A and B and the change in the supply amount of the raw air were measured. .
[0037]
The above results are shown by curves L2 and L4 in FIGS. As can be seen from the curve L2 in FIG. 4, when the adsorption time is fixed, if the amount of extracted concentrated nitrogen is increased, the oxygen concentration is also increased correspondingly and the purity of the concentrated nitrogen is lowered. Further, as can be seen from the curve L4 in FIG. 5, even if the amount of concentrated nitrogen extracted is relatively small, the amount of supply air must be set relatively large, resulting in a low yield.
[0038]
(Reference example)
In the PSA apparatus shown in FIG. 1, each adsorption tower A and B is filled with 100 kg of molecular sieve carbon, air is used as a mixed gas (raw material gas), the adsorption pressure in the adsorption process is 0.7 MPa, and in the desorption process Desorption was performed by opening the adsorption towers A and B to atmospheric pressure, and the pressure equalization step was performed for 1 second to produce concentrated nitrogen according to the above reference example. At that time, the oxygen concentration setting value for determining the transition timing from the adsorption process to the pressure equalization process is set to 0.75%, and the amount of concentrated nitrogen withdrawn is changed within the range of 15 to 30 Nm 3 / H. The change in the oxygen concentration in the outlet gas from the towers A and B and the change in the supply amount of raw material air were measured.
[0039]
The above results are shown by curves L1 and L3 in FIGS. As can be seen from the curve L1 in FIG. 4, when the adsorption time is not fixed and the oxygen concentration reaches a predetermined value and the adsorption process is switched to the pressure equalization process, the oxygen concentration is almost the set value (in this reference example). 0.75%), and the purity of the concentrated nitrogen can be maintained above the target value. Further, as can be seen from the curve L3 in FIG. 5, at least in the range of 15 to 25 Nm 3 / H with which the concentrated nitrogen is extracted , a large amount of concentrated nitrogen can be produced with a smaller amount of supply air than when the adsorption time is fixed. it can.
[0040]
(Example 1)
In the PSA apparatus shown in FIG. 1, each adsorption tower A and B is filled with 100 kg of molecular sieve carbon, air is used as a mixed gas (raw material gas), the adsorption pressure in the adsorption process is 0.7 MPa, and desorption in the desorption process. Was performed by opening each of the adsorption towers A and B to atmospheric pressure, and the time of the pressure equalizing step was 1 second, and concentrated nitrogen was produced according to the embodiment of the present invention. At that time, the basic adsorption time is set to 180 seconds, and when the oxygen concentration reaches 0.75%, the adsorption process is set to end even before the adsorption time has elapsed. The extraction amount of concentrated nitrogen was changed in the range of 15 to 30 Nm 3 / H.
[0041]
As a result, when the extraction amount of concentrated nitrogen is 15 to 20 Nm 3 / H, the set adsorption time is given priority and the switching timing to the pressure equalization process is determined, and the extraction amount is set to exceed 20 Nm 3 / H. It turned out that it switches to a pressure equalization process before progress of adsorption time. It was also confirmed that the oxygen concentration was always stable at 0.75% or less regardless of changes in the amount of concentrated nitrogen extracted, and that the purity of the concentrated nitrogen could be maintained above the target value.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a PSA apparatus used for carrying out the concentrated nitrogen production method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a timing chart showing a reference example as a basis of the present invention.
3 is a timing diagram showing the concentration of nitrogen production how the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of product nitrogen and the oxygen concentration.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of product nitrogen and the amount of raw material air supplied.
[Explanation of symbols]
A, B ... Adsorption tower C ... Concentrated nitrogen storage tank D ... Vacuum pump E ... Oxygen concentration meter F ... Switching valve control device 1-8 ... Switching valve
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| JP2001353416A (en) * | 2000-06-13 | 2001-12-25 | Sumitomo Seika Chem Co Ltd | Method for concentrating specific component gas and concentration apparatus therefor |
| JP4972467B2 (en) * | 2007-06-06 | 2012-07-11 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | Low purity nitrogen gas generation method |
-
1998
- 1998-07-31 JP JP21731198A patent/JP3630564B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| JP2000042339A (en) | 2000-02-15 |
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