JP3631489B2 - Fire extinguishing equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fire fighting equipment, comprising at least one spray head (1) with a number of nozzles (3) directed obliquely sideways. The nozzles (3) are arranged so close to each other that the fog formation areas of the individual nozzles intensify the fog flows and provide a suction to cause the fog formation areas to be compressed into a continuous directional fog spray. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing system comprising at least one spray head having a number of nozzles directed obliquely to the side.
An object of the present invention is to provide a novel fire extinguishing equipment having a strong penetrating force and low consumption of fire extinguishing liquid.
The fire extinguishing apparatus according to the present invention mainly comprises:
The nozzles are made to operate under high pressure in order to eject a mist-like fire extinguishing liquid, and the nozzles are arranged closely together so that the mist-forming areas of the individual nozzles enhance the mist flow. Suction is provided to concentrate the forming area on a continuous directed mist spray.
By such directional mist spraying means, it is possible to extinguish a fire that is considered extremely difficult to extinguish, such as a deep frying pan fire, in a short time with a small amount of water.
The acquisition of a mist spray as concentrated as desired depends on various factors such as the individual diffusion angle of each nozzle and the mutual main direction and the size of the water droplets. A large individual diffusion angle facilitates contact of the adjacent nozzle with the fog screen and thus facilitates overall concentration by means of suction from the outside. The resulting fog flow pattern is similar to a sponge with a relatively rounded head.
Concentration increases with increasing operating pressure. That is, the mist sprays rapidly rotate toward each other and then come together. The concentration effect can be ensured by the means of the fifth nozzle pointed straight down in the center.
When the spray head is mounted on the ceiling, it is preferred that there is some space, for example 2 cm, between the ceiling and the nozzle opening to ensure the required suction from outside and above. Smoke generated by the fire will be sucked into the fire-fighting mist, where it will be cooled and at least partially cleaned.
Due to the concentration of the separate mist sprays, the water droplets in them will collide with each other and break up into smaller ones, which will improve the fire fighting effect.
The initial size of the mist droplets should not be too large due to the risk of losing the mutual contact required for different nozzle mist sprays to become a common mist spray.
For each case, the fog size at different operating pressures as well as other factors can be determined by testing.
Each nozzle preferably comprises a nozzle socket fixed within the housing of the spray head, in which a base and a vortexer pressing against the base are placed, the latter defining a vortex chamber together with the base, Is supported in the housing so that it rotates with the pressure of the liquid.
The contact surface of the vortex device with respect to the base preferably comprises at least one oblique groove that guides the liquid into the vortex chamber.
The spray head is preferably intended to be operated at a high liquid pressure of 100 bar or higher to give a so-called mist form. This high operating pressure causes the vortexers to rotate at high speeds, which results in small spilled water droplets in the strong vortex flow, thus providing an increased fire fighting effect due to the high water droplet speed.
The vortexer is supported in the housing, preferably via a filter and elastic sealing means placed between the vortexer and the filter.
Nozzles formed in this way can be manufactured to a length of about 10 to 12 mm, while typical nozzles are about 35 to 40 mm in length. For example, a metal spray head with four nozzles according to the present invention weighs about 600 grams, while an equivalent spray head with conventional nozzles weighs about 3 to 4 kilograms.
A preferred embodiment of the fire extinguishing equipment of the present invention is:
The spray head comprises a centrally located nozzle with respect to the nozzle oriented diagonally laterally;
Contact passage therefrom branch passage a communication passage leading to the nozzle placed in the center of the entrance of the spray head is extended to a nozzle directed obliquely side has a connection to the nozzles placed in the center Providing a spindle ,
The spindle is subjected to the effect of the force that tries to push the spindle against the fluid pressure of the inlet of the spray head, a nozzle spindle comes into contact with the entrance and closely, in this contact directed to the the inlet oblique side The connection between the nozzle and the centrally located nozzle via the spindle is maintained, and the collection of working fluid in the spray head has a reducible working pressure, so The operating pressure in the first stage overcomes the reverse force of the spindle , fire extinguishing liquid was ejected from all nozzles, and in the second stage, the liquid was placed in the center, defeating the reverse force of the spindle . It is characterized by being ejected only through the nozzle.
This embodiment can preferably be used for fire extinguishing in a ship engine room and similar spaces.
According to the general opinion, a large amount of water from about 500 to 600 liters per minute is envisaged for effective fire extinguishing in a fire prevention area in the engine room. To achieve this with pumping means that send water directly from the aquarium, the pump requires about 130 to 140 kW of power.
The present invention also relates to a new facility that can effectively extinguish with a low pumping effect.
This equipment
A liquid pump having a high operating pressure and a volume capacity considerably smaller than the amount of water required for fire extinguishing is arranged to fill a number of hydraulic accumulators connected in parallel in the stationary state of the installation;
These hydraulic accumulators will be arranged to deliver extinguishing liquid to the discovered fire place, and the main line extending to the fire place will be reactivated after the hydraulic accumulator is emptied. Characterized in that it is closed for filling and if necessary for a new supply of fire extinguishing liquid.
For example, a parallel connection of five hydraulic accumulators of 50 liters can be used, each with a filling pressure of about 200 bar and a stationary discharge pressure of about 50 bar. Such a set of accumulators can supply enough water to extinguish the fire quickly.
The liquid pump of this facility has a low power of 15kW and a volume capacity of about 35 liters per minute.
In the following, the invention will be described with reference to an embodiment schematically shown in the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an end view of the spray head.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section through the spray head according to FIG. 1, which is activated for fire fighting.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section through the spray head according to FIG. 1, which is actuated for cooling.
FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional side view of a preferred embodiment of the nozzle.
FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 of another embodiment of the nozzle.
FIG. 6 schematically shows an installation which can preferably use the spray head according to FIGS.
1 to 3, reference numeral 1 generally indicates a spray head. The housing or body of the spray head 1 is indicated by 2 and the four nozzles angled downward on the sides are indicated by 3.
A nozzle that is pointed down and centered with respect to nozzle 3 is shown at 4.
The liquid inlet of the spray head is indicated by 5. This inlet 5 changes to a circular hole 6 in the spindle direction which is slightly widened with respect to the inlet, and a drilled circular hole 7 extends from here to the side nozzle 3. Spindle 8 is placed in the spindle direction of the circular hole 6, usually spindle direction of the circular hole to the nozzle 4 of the center position to be downwardly passes through the inside of the spindle.
A spring 10 is arranged to press the end of the spindle 8 against the shoulder step 11 formed at the entrance 5.
When the pressure acting on the end of the spindle 8 via the inlet 5 overcomes the force of the spring 10, the spindle 8 assumes the position of FIG. In this position, the liquid portion flows into the nozzle 4 placed in the center through the circular hole of the spindle 8, partly further through the annular space 12 between the wall surface of the spindle 8 and the circular hole 6 It flows to the side nozzle 3 through a circular hole 7 extending from the circular hole 6.
If the force of the spring 10 is greater than the counter pressure through the inlet 5, the spindle 8 assumes the position according to FIG. In this position, the end of the spindle 8 is in close contact with the shoulder step 11 of the entrance 5 and communication with the side nozzle 3 is cut off, while communication with the nozzle 4 placed in the center remains intact.
The spray head according to FIGS. 1 to 3 is essentially suitable for extinguishing the engine room of a ship, and for this it uses a number of accumulators connected in parallel as a general pumping body for the fire extinguishing liquid. Is preferred.
Initially, the water pressure is high, thus spindles 8 of each spray head 1 takes the position according to FIG. 2, thereby liquid is ejected through all the nozzles, put out the fire. As the hydraulic accumulator approaches the sky, the water pressure in the inlet 5 of the spray head decreases and the spray head 8 takes the position according to FIG. The remaining water is ejected through each central nozzle 4 and cools in the first place.
4 and 5, the numeral 20 indicates a nozzle cap intended to diffuse the liquid in the form of a mist-like water droplet formation. For this purpose, the liquid in the space 21 in front of the outlet 33 of the base 20 must undergo a strong eddy current movement provided by the means of the vortex device 22 pushing and supporting the body of the base 20; In order to allow liquid to flow from the supply passage 7 through the disk filter 25 (preferably a sintered metal filter) into the annular space between the nozzle socket 24 and the vortexer 22, in the embodiment of FIG. The contact surface of this vortexer with respect to the surface is provided with at least one groove leading to the vortexer, suitably for example four preferably oblique grooves 23.
An annular shoulder step 26 is provided on the nozzle seat of the housing 2, and a sintered metal filter is pressed against the shoulder step by the effect of the nozzle socket 24. This nozzle socket is fixed to the housing 2 by means of screws 32 and presses the base 20 against the vortex device 22, and preferably through a resilient seal in the form of an O-ring 25, for example of a thickness of 1 mm, to a sintered metal filter 25. And the shoulder step 26 of the housing 2 is pushed.
For satisfactory operation of the nozzle, intimate contact between the annular shoulder step 26 of the housing 2 and the filter 25 and between the annular shoulder step of the sprinkler housing 2 that presses and supports the flange 31 of the socket 24. Is required. The screw 32 has a leak.
The required sealing is achieved by elastic sealing means, which automatically compensates for deviations within the tolerances associated with the shoulder steps 26 and 30 with respect to the filter 25 and flange 31 and also keeps all connections without leakage. And allows a relatively loose or leaky installation of the filter 25 to the tap 34 of the vortexer 22 at 29.
Under the influence of the pressure of the driving liquid, the vortex device 22 can rotate independently, rotate with the O-ring 28 and can also rotate with the filter 25, depending on the ratio of the mutual friction.
In another embodiment of FIG. 5, the vortexer is indicated at 40. The groove 42 leading to the vortex chamber is not diagonal, but on the other hand, the vortex device 40 is provided with a supporting flange, for example, provided with four oblique grooves 41, by which the pressure of the driving liquid causes the vortex device 40 to Rotate. An elastic seal ring 43 is disposed between the support flange and the bottom of the nozzle seat. The groove 41 is deeper than the thickness of the seal ring 43.
The vortexer can be rotated in other ways within the scope of the appended claims.
The spray head can have four nozzles 3 oriented obliquely downward at an angle of about 45 °. In particular, when the individual nozzles are formed according to the attached drawings, the nozzles take up a relatively small space and can therefore be placed close together, concentrating the mist form of the individual nozzles on the directed spray Is possible. This concentration becomes stronger as the operating pressure increases. That is, the fog sprays quickly rotate towards each other and then come together. The effect of concentration can be ensured by means of the fifth nozzle 4 oriented straight down in the middle. Depending on several parameters, mainly depending on the individual spray angles of the individual nozzles and the main direction of each other, the desired concentration of the spray of the mist is achieved, with a large individual diffusion angle being in contact with the fog screen of the adjacent nozzle. Therefore, the entire concentration by the suction means from the outside becomes easy. The resulting fog flow pattern is similar to a sponge with a relatively rounded head. The size of the first water droplet of the nozzle 3 is preferably about 60 μm, but the size of the water droplet of the central nozzle 4 can be about 80 μm.
FIG. 6 diagrammatically shows an embodiment of an installation specifically intended for fire fighting in the engine room of a ship and other similar spaces.
Number 50 in this figure indicates a liquid pump, the drive motor of which is indicated by 51. Three pressure regulators, preferably adjusted to operate at 50 bar, 180 bar and 200 bar, respectively, are shown at 52, 53 and 54, respectively.
Number 55 shows five 50 liter hydraulic accumulators connected in parallel, each having a filling pressure of about 200 bar and a discharge pressure of about 50 bar during rest. Numbers 56, 57, 58 and 61 indicate valves, the last of which is preferably manual. For example, two air accumulators with a filling pressure of 7 bar are indicated at 59 and 62, 60 being a conduit extending from the accumulator 59 to the control valves 57 and 58.
The numeral 63 indicates a fire protection zone, in which a number of spray heads 1 are placed; the supply path from the hydraulic accumulator 55 to the fire protection zone 63 is indicated by 64, 65. A water pipe extending to the pump 50 is shown at 66.
In the rest state of the device, the hydraulic accumulator 55 is filled up to 200 bar and the pump 50 and the motor 51 are not activated respectively. Valve 56 is closed, air accumulators 59 and 62 are filled to 7 bar, and valves 57 and 58 are non-current. Valve 61 is not activated.
In the event of a fire alarm, an electrical signal to the valve 58 is made at the fire center, usually installed on the bridge, which causes the spindle of the valve to change position, and this valve regulates the pressure before the valve 57. led to location controller portion, this portion moves the spindle to the end position on the opposite side. Valve 57 directs pressure to the opposite region of the twisting cylinder of valve 56 and moves the cylinder to the other end position. A valve 56 such as a ball valve is opened and water flows to the spray head 1.
After the pressure in the hydraulic accumulator 55 drops to 50 bar, the regulator 52 produces a signal to the valve 58, which becomes no current and is moved to the basic position, and then the valve 57 is moved to the basic position and the valve 56 Is closed. Both the pump 50 and the motor 51 receive a start signal from the pressure regulator 53 at 180 bar and fill the hydraulic accumulator 55 to 200 bar, and then the pressure regulator 54 stops the pump. In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the pump 50 has a volumetric flow rate of about 35 liters per minute and the motor 51 can have an output of 15 kW. The filling time of the hydraulic accumulator 55 is about 5 minutes, after which the device is ready to repeat the same procedure.
The manual valve 61 operates in the same manner as the valve 58 except that water flows into the system while the valve 61 is kept in operation. After the pressure has dropped, the valve must be closed to refill the accumulator 55.
Air accumulators 59 and 62 are filled and maintained by a compressed air system.
In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the force of the spring 10 acting on the spindle 8 in the individual spray heads are preferably spindle 8 within the range of pressure of about 200 bar to about 70 bar takes the position according to FIG. 2 In the pressure range of about 70 bar to 50 bar, it is mounted in such a way as to take the position according to FIG. Between 200 and 70 bar an average volume flow of 6.5 liters per minute can be obtained on average and between 70 and 50 bar a flow of about 2 liters per minute is obtained.
A volume of about 190 liters of water is available by means of five hydraulic accumulators each having an initial filling pressure of 50 bar and a maximum working pressure of 200 bar and a nominal capacity of 50 liters.
Such an installation with the appropriate number of spray heads 1 can meet the demands of about 120 liters of water in approximately 10 seconds within a pressure range of 200 to 70 bar without difficulty, after which 70 to 70 Within the 50 bar pressure range, approximately 70 liters of water for approximately 25 seconds and thus a total of 190 liters of water for 35 seconds can be met.

Claims (15)

A first nozzle, a second nozzle, and a very small drop of water at a second diffusion angle and a pressure at which to spray a first spray of very small drops of water at a first diffusion angle. A fire extinguishing method using a fire extinguishing equipment comprising a liquid supply equipment for supplying a fire extinguishing liquid to a second nozzle at a pressure for ejecting a second spray,
In a fire extinguishing method wherein the first and second nozzles are spaced apart and opened,
The first and second sprays are strongly penetrated by the suction provided by the combination of pressure from about 70 bar to about 200 bar, drop size, first and second diffusion angle, spacing and open angle A method characterized in that it is combined into a concentrated single mist flow pattern. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that water is used as fire extinguishing liquid. 3. The method of claim 2 , wherein a water droplet size in the range of about 60 [mu] m to about 80 [mu] m is produced by the first and second sprays. At the inlet (5), the first nozzle, the second nozzle, and the pressure at the first diffusion angle to eject the first spray of very small drops of water to the first nozzle and at the second diffusion angle A fire extinguishing facility comprising a spray head (1) having a liquid supply facility for supplying a fire extinguishing liquid to the second nozzle at a pressure for ejecting a second spray of very small drops of water;
The first and second nozzles are spaced apart and opened;
The combination of liquid pressure from about 70 bar to about 200 bar, drop size, first and second diffusion angles, spacing and open angle is:
The first and second sprays, in use, are adapted to a concentrated single mist flow pattern that has a strong penetrating force by suction;
Equipment characterized by that. Fire extinguishing equipment according to claim 4
The spray head (1) is a nozzle centered with respect to the first and second nozzles;
A communication passage (6) from the inlet (5) of the spray head (1) to the centrally located nozzle, comprising a branch passage (7) leading from the communication passage (6) to the first and second nozzles,
A transmembrane Tsuren forming unit (9), placed in communication passage (6) spindle (8),
Here, the spindle (8) is closed from the inlet (5) to the first and second nozzles, and connected from the inlet (5) to the centrally arranged nozzle via the spindle (8). Between the first position in contact with the inlet (5), and the second position away from the inlet (5) where the connection from the inlet (5) to the first and second nozzles is opened. Is movable,
And a facility for applying force to the spindle (8) to the first position against liquid pressure at the inlet (5),
And the force of the equipment (10) that applies the force is such that the spindle (8) assumes a first position at a reduced operating pressure and a second position at a full operating pressure.
The fire extinguishing equipment according to claim 4 , wherein Through consolidation unit (9), fire fighting equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises a spindle direction of the circular hole. The fire extinguishing equipment according to claim 5 , characterized in that the equipment (10) for applying force is a spring. The fire extinguishing equipment according to claim 4 , wherein the liquid supply means includes a plurality of hydraulic accumulators (55) connected in parallel. A fire extinguishing installation according to claim 4 and having a high operating pressure and a liquid volume capacity smaller than that required for fire extinguishing and filling a number of hydraulic accumulators (55) connected in parallel. Fire extinguishing equipment comprising a liquid pump (50) arranged in
The hydraulic accumulator (55) is arranged to send fire-extinguishing liquid through the main line (65), and the main line (65) leading from the hydraulic accumulator to the spray head (1) is the accumulator (55). Fire extinguishing equipment, which is arranged so as to be closed by a valve (56) for refilling of the accumulator (55) after it has been emptied. Each nozzle includes a nozzle socket (24) mounted in the housing (2) of the spray head (1), a base (20) disposed in the nozzle socket (24), and a vortex device ( 22)
The vortexer (22) defines the vortex chamber (21) with the base (20) and is supported in the housing (2) in such a way that the vortexer (22) is rotated by liquid pressure. The fire extinguishing equipment according to claim 4 . The eddy current device (22) has a surface in contact with the base (20), and the contact surface is provided with at least one oblique groove (23) for guiding liquid to the vortex flow chamber (21). The fire extinguishing equipment according to claim 10 . The vortexer (22) is supported in the housing (2) via a filter (25) and an elastic sealing (28) arranged between the vortexer (22) and the filter (25) The fire-extinguishing equipment according to claim 10 or 11 . 13. A fire-extinguishing installation according to claim 12 , characterized in that the elastic sealing (28) is an O-ring arranged around the shaft (34) of the vortex generator (22). 13. Fire extinguishing equipment according to claim 12 , characterized in that the filter (25) comprises a metal disk filter arranged around the shaft (34) of the vortexer (22). 15. The fire extinguishing equipment according to claim 14 , wherein the disk filter is a sintered disk filter.

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