JP3641468B2

JP3641468B2 - Multi-point displacement measurement system

Info

Publication number: JP3641468B2
Application number: JP2002203121A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 博史三木; 信幸恒岡; 俊二加藤; 登喜雄開; 憲幸山口
Original assignee: Public Works Research Institute
Current assignee: National Research and Development Agency Public Works Research Institute
Priority date: 2002-07-11
Filing date: 2002-07-11
Publication date: 2005-04-20
Anticipated expiration: 2022-07-11
Also published as: JP2004045221A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、斜面の健全度診断および崩壊予知等を目的に斜面変位を監視するもので、１台の変位センサで多数区間の変位を計測し、また、少ない台数で多数区間の変位箇所を特定する多点変位計測システムに関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
鉄道、道路などの斜面では豪雨、地震のみならず種々の環境変化による崩壊事故が起こっている。これらの被害を防止するには斜面の健全度の把握や崩壊の危険性のある斜面の変位を計測・監視し異常を早期に検知することが必要である。従来は斜面変位を自動計測するため、計測対象斜面の２点間に温度膨張係数の小さいインバー線等を布線して、斜面変位に応じたインバー線の動きを電気信号に変換して変位を計測する伸縮計（以後変位センサと記す）や光ファイバの透過強度に変換して変位を計測する光変位センサを利用した斜面モニタリングが行われている。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
光変位センサや変位センサ（伸縮センサ）は１計測点に１台のセンサが必要なため、多数点を計測する場合は変位センサの台数およびこれら変位センサへの光ファイバや電源・信号線等も計測点数に比例して増加するなどの課題がある。
【０００４】
図８は従来式変位センサによる斜面変位計測方法を示したもので、計測区間の斜面１０に杭９−１、９−２を打ち込み杭間にインバー線２３を布設する。杭９−１上部に固定された変位センサ６から引き出されたインバー線には定荷重錘５により一定張力が加えられて、杭間の変位に応じてインバー線２３が移動するようになっている。インバー線２３の移動量は変位センサ６内部の摺動抵抗や歪ゲージ等により電気信号に変換されるが、このため変位センサ６に電気回路の電源線１９や電気信号線２０が接続されている。インバー線２３は草木および動物等の影響を受けないように保護管２１内部に支持杭２２を介して設置される。
【０００５】
特願２００１−２４８３００には斜面変位計測例として光ファイバ１ラインに光変位センサを直列に複数台接続して、変位を計測する方法が記載されているが、計測点毎に１台の光変位センサを使用していることに変わりなく、光ファイバ１ラインに１光変位センサ適用すると以下の計測法になることは容易に推定できる。図９は従来型変位センサを用いた斜面１０の上部、下部各５区間の変位計測例を示したものである。変位センサ６−１〜６−１０が固定された杭と杭９−１〜９−１０の間には個々にインバー線２３−１〜２３−１０が布設され、杭間の変位によるインバー線の移動を変位センサで検知するため１０台の変位センサが必要である。また各変位センサには電源線・信号線または光ファイバの布設が必要で、（図９では変位センサ６−１０の接続ケーブル２４−１０のみ記載し他は省略した）信号処理器２５も１０点用が必要となり、システムの簡略化や低価格化に課題がある。
【０００６】
この発明は上記のような課題に鑑み、その課題を解決すべく創案されたものであって、その目的とするところは、１台の変位センサで多数区間の変位を計測し、また、少ない台数で多数区間の変位箇所を特定する多点変位計測システムを提供することにある。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
以上の目的を達成するために、請求項１の発明は、少なくとも２点以上の測定区間の変位を計測する多点変位計測システムにおいて、１台の変位結合器及び変位センサと、少なくとも２点以上の測定区間に設置された複数の杭と、一端側が１台の変位結合器に結合され他端側が各杭に連結され変位結合器と各杭間で張設された複数の配線とから構成すると共に、前記変位結合器は配線引張方向への杭変位時に作動してその変位情報を変位センサに伝達する機構を有し、変位センサは前記変位結合器からの変位情報に基づいて杭の変位量を計測する手段よりなるものである。
【０００８】
また請求項１の発明の好ましい態様として、変位センサからの配線が側周面に巻き付いた円盤と複数杭からの配線が側周面に巻き付いた円盤とは連動連結され、変位センサからの配線が巻き付いた円盤と複数杭からの配線が巻き付いた円盤の直径比の変化で変位センサに接続する配線の移動量と杭に接続する配線の移動量を任意比率にする変位結合器を備えている。
【０００９】
また請求項１の発明の好ましい態様として、変位センサからの配線を回転体に連結する連結点の設置位置と、杭からの配線を回転体に連結する連結点の設置位置と、回転体の回転軸の設置位置とはそれぞれ異なる位置に設けられ、回転体の回転軸の設置位置に対する変位センサからの配線を回転体に連結する連結点の設置位置及び杭からの配線を回転体に連結する連結点の設置位置の変化で、変位センサに接続する配線の移動量と杭に接続する配線の移動量を任意比率にすることにより、変位センサの変位計測スパンおよび変位検知感度を変更する変位結合器を備えている。
【００１０】
また請求項１の発明の好ましい態様として、変位計測区間である変位結合器と複数杭との間に張設された配線の張力を一定に保持する目的で杭側の配線の他端に連結された定荷重錘と、複数計測区間の最大変位を検知するために杭側の配線上に連結されたストッパー可動部と、杭に取り付けられ、前記ストッパー可動部を係止するストッパー固定部とを備えている。
【００１１】
また請求項５の発明は、少なくとも３点以上の測定区間の変位を計測する多点変位計測システムにおいて、少なくとも３点以上の測定区間に設置された複数の杭と、一端側が変位結合器に結合され他端側が杭に連結され変位結合器と杭間で張設された複数の配線とを備え、１台の変位結合器には異なる杭に張設された２本又は３本の配線の一端側が結合され、各杭には１本の配線又は２本の配線の他端側が連結され、２本の配線の他端が連結される杭にあっては２本の配線の一端側は別々の変位結合器に結合され、変位結合器と杭との間に張設された配線の張力を一定に保持する目的で杭側の配線の他端に定荷重錘が連結され、定荷重錘に連結され且つ下方向のみに可動な可動盤が杭に取り付けられ、変位結合器は配線引張方向への杭変位時に作動してその変位情報を変位センサに伝達する機構を有し、変位センサは前記変位結合器からの変位情報に基づいて杭の変位量を計測し、変位情報から変位箇所を識別する識別演算機能とを備えた手段よりなるものである。
【００１２】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面に記載した発明の実施の形態に基づいて、この発明をより具体的に説明する。
【００１３】
〔実施の形態―１〕
ここで図１は多点変位計測の一例として３点計測方法の説明、変位結合器の一例として変位結合器の構造と動作を示したものである。
【００１４】
図１において、多点変位計測システムは、１台の変位結合器１及び変位センサ６を用いて少なくとも２点以上の測定区間の変位を計測するシステムで、１台の変位結合器１及び変位センサ６、少なくとも２点以上の測定区間に取り付けられた複数の杭９−２，９−３，９−４・・・・（図１では３点）、一端側が１台の変位結合器１に結合され他端が各杭９−２，９−３，９−４・・・・に連結され変位結合器１と各杭９間で張設された複数の配線７−３，７−４，７−５等から構成される。
【００１５】
変位結合器１は、各杭９の伸張変位つまり配線７を引っ張る方向に杭９が変位した場合つまり変位結合器１と各杭９間との距離が長くなる方向に各杭９が変位した場合に各配線７の引張移動に連動して作動して、その変位情報を変位センサ６に伝達する。変位センサ６では変位結合器１からの変位情報に基づいて杭９の変位量を計測する。
【００１６】
変位結合器１は計測区間の一端側斜面１０−１に打ち込まれた杭９−１上に固定される。変位結合器１の内部には回転軸２が回転自在に軸支され、回転軸２の外周側面には配線結合用の円盤３と変位センサ伝達用の円盤４とが一体的に装着されている。つまり円盤３，４の回転中心軸芯と回転軸２の回転中心軸芯とは同一上にあり、変位結合器１内部の円盤３、４は回転軸２と一体となって回転する。
【００１７】
円盤３の側周面には配線７−３、７−４および７−５の一端側が巻き付けられている。円盤３の側周面には、配線７−３、７−４および７−５の一端側がそれぞれ絡まないように、配線７−３、７−４および７−５の専用の巻き付け溝が形成されている。配線７−３、７−４および７−５の他端はそれぞれの計測区間のもう一方の斜面１０−２〜１０−４に打ち込まれた杭９−２〜９−４に定荷重錘５ａと共に連結される。定荷重錘５ａは配線７の矢印ａ方向への引張力つまり配線７の引っ張り方向への引張力を一定にするもので、詳細機能は後記するが回転軸２を矢印ｃ方向へ回転させる付勢力を付与する。変位結合器１と杭９間には方向変換や配線７の弛み防止のため必要に応じて滑車８が設けられる。
【００１８】
変位結合器１内部の円盤４は回転軸２と一体となって回転する。円盤４の側周面には配線７−１と７−２の一端側が巻き付けられている。円盤４の側周面には、配線７−１、７−２の一端側がそれぞれ絡まないように、配線７−１、７−２の専用の巻き付け溝が形成されている。配線７−１の他端は定荷重錘５に連結されて矢印ｂ方向へ引張力が加えられ回転軸２を矢印ｄ方向へ回転させる付勢力を付与する。また配線７−２の他端は変位センサ６に連結されている。初期状態では配線７−３〜７−５の矢印ａ方向への引張力と、配線７−１の矢印ｂ方向への引張力が均衡しており回転軸２は停止している。しかし例えば杭９−２が配線引張力に打ち勝って矢印ａ方向に移動すると円盤３、４は矢印ｃ方向に回転し、円盤４に巻き付けられた配線７−２の一端側は円盤４に巻き付き、矢印ｂ方向と逆方向へ移動するので変位センサ６により変位量を検知できる。
【００１９】
また、円盤３と円盤４の直径比の変化で配線７−１、７−２の移動量と配線７−３〜７−５の移動量を任意比率にすることにより、変位センサ６の変位計測スパンおよび変位検知感度を変更できる。この場合、円盤３の直径が円盤４の直径よりも大きいとき、配線７−３〜７−５の移動量に対し配線７−２の移動量は小さくなるので変位計測スパンは拡大し、円盤３の直径が円盤４の直径よりも小さいとき、配線７−３〜７−４の移動量に対し配線７−２の移動量は大きくなるので変位検知感度は高くなる。
【００２０】
〔実施の形態―２〕
ここで図２は多点変位計測の一例として３点計測方法の説明、変位結合器の一例として変位結合器の構造と動作を示したものである。
【００２１】
図２において、変位結合器１は、各杭９の伸張変位つまり配線７を引っ張る方向に杭９が変位した場合つまり変位結合器１と各杭９間との距離が長くなる方向に各杭９が変位した場合に各配線７の引張移動に連動して作動して、その変位情報を変位センサ６に伝達する。変位センサ６では変位結合器１からの変位情報に基づいて杭９の変位量を計測する。
【００２２】
変位結合器１は計測区間の一端側斜面１０−１に打ち込まれた杭９−１上に固定される。変位結合器１の内部には、バー型の回転体３ａが杭９−１の上部に回転軸２によって回転自在に軸支されている。バー型の回転体３ａは回転軸２を中心として回転する。バー型の回転体３ａはその中央部分に回転軸２が位置し、回転軸２を挟んでバー型の回転体３ａの両端側に連結点３ｂと連結点３ｄとは位置している。つまり、回転軸２，連結点３ｂ及び連結点３ｄの位置はバー型の回転体３ａ上の異なる箇所にそれぞれ位置している。
【００２３】
回転体３ａの一端側には配線７−３、７−４および７−５の一端が連結点３ｂで連結されている（図２において配線７−３，７−５は途中で省略して図示している）。配線７−３、７−４および７−５の他端はそれぞれの計測区間のもう一方の斜面１０−２〜１０−４に打ち込まれた杭９−２〜９−４に定荷重錘５ａと共に連結される。定荷重錘５ａは配線７の矢印ａ方向への引張力つまり配線７の引っ張り方向への引張力を一定にするもので、詳細機能は後記するが回転体３ａを矢印ｃ方向へ回転させる付勢力を付与する。変位結合器１と杭９間には方向変換や配線７の弛み防止のため必要に応じて滑車８が設けられる。
【００２４】
回転体３ａの他端には配線７−１と７−２がそれぞれ連結点３ｃ、３ｄで連結されており、配線７−１は定荷重錘５に連結されて矢印ｂ方向へ引張力が加えられ回転体３ａを回転軸２を中心として矢印ｄ方向へ回転させる付勢力を付与する。また配線７−２は変位センサ６に連結されている。初期状態では配線７−３〜７−５の矢印ａ方向への引張力と、配線７−１の矢印ｂ方向への引張力が均衡しており回転体３ａは停止している。しかし例えば杭９−２が配線引張力に打ち勝って矢印ａ方向に移動すると回転体３ａは回転軸２を中心として矢印ｃ方向に回転するため、配線７−２は矢印ｂ方向と逆方向へ移動するので変位センサ６により変位量を検知できる。
【００２５】
また、回転軸２に対する連結点３ｂ、３ｄの設置位置の変化、つまり連結点３ｂから回転軸２までの距離と連結点３ｄから回転軸２までの距離を各々変えることで、配線７−１、７−２の移動量と配線７−３〜７−５の移動量を任意比率にすることにより、変位センサ６の変位計測スパンおよび変位検知感度を変更できる。この場合、回転軸２に対し連結点３ｂの設定位置が連結点３ｄの設定位置より離れているとき、配線７−３〜７−５の移動量に対し配線７−２の移動量は小さくなるので変位計測スパンは拡大し、回転軸２に対し連結点３ｄの設定位置が連結点３ｂの設定位置より離れているとき、配線７−３〜７−５の移動量に対し配線７−２の移動量は大きくなるので変位検知感度は高くなる。
【００２６】
〔実施の形態−３〕
ここで図１は多点変位計測の一例として３点計測方法の説明図、変位結合器の一例として変位結合器の構造と動作を示したもの、図３（Ａ）、（Ｂ）多点計測システムにおいて定荷重錘、ストッパー可動部、ストッパー固定部を適用した例、図４は多点変位計測システムを斜面に適応した例を示したものである。
【００２７】
図３（Ａ）（Ｂ）は配線の張力を一定に保持する定荷重錘と、複数計測区間の最大変位を検知するために杭側の配線上に固定するストッパー可動部と杭に設置するストッパー固定部の動作概念図、初期設定状態を示している。本図において、配線７−３〜７−５の他端には定荷重錘５ａが連結されている。杭９−２〜９−４の上端には水平状に張設された配線７−３〜７−５の他端側を下向きに方向変換させる滑車８ａが取り付けられている。滑車８ａの下方の杭９−２〜９−４の伸張変位方向側となる後部側面にはストッパー固定部１２ｂが杭９−２〜９−４の伸張変位方向側に向けて張り出して取り付けられている。ストッパー固定部１２ｂには配線７−３〜７−５の他端側が挿通する穴１２ｄが形成されている。穴１２ｄを下向きに挿通する配線７−３〜７−５の他端側にはストッパー可動部１２ａが連結されている。
【００２８】
配線７−３〜７−５は杭９−２〜９−４上部に設置された滑車８ａで方向変換され定荷重錘５ａで下向きの荷重がかかっている。初期状態で杭９−２〜９−４に設置されたストッパー固定部１２ｂに設けられた穴１２ｄの下面側に配線７−３〜７−５のストッパー可動部１２ａが当接して係止される。従って配線７−３〜７−５は矢印ａ方向つまり引っ張られる方向には動くが反対方向つまり収縮方向には動かない構造となっている。
【００２９】
図１及び図３において杭９−２が右方向に動くと配線７−３が矢印ａ方向に引っ張られ円盤３が矢印ｃ方向に回転するため配線７−４、配線７−５には弛みがでて全体のトルクバランスがくずれ正確な変位が計測できなくなることが考えられる。しかし配線７−４、配線７−５の他端には定荷重錘５ａが常時下向きに作用している。この定荷重錘５ａによって配線７−４、配線７−５の他端はΔＬだけ下方に移動して、配線７−４、配線７−５の弛みは解消されると共に一定張力が作用する。
【００３０】
図３（Ｂ）は前記配線７−４，７−５の弛みを取った例を示したもので定荷重錘５ａはΔＬだけ下方に移動し配線７−４，７−５の弛みを無くし一定引張力が加わっている。この場合杭９−３（又は９−４）が右に動くと、定荷重錘５ａがΔＬ（不感領域）だけ上昇するがその後は配線７−４（又は７−５）を矢印ａの方向に引っ張ることになる。このため多点変位計測ではいずれかの最大変位が検知されることになる。
【００３１】
即ち、杭９−２が最初に伸張変位例えば右側に１０cm変位すると、配線７−３は右側に引っ張られて１０cm移動し、右側に移動する配線７−３の一端側は円盤３を介して変位結合器１の回転軸２を矢印ｃ方向に１０cm相当分だけ回転させ、配線７−２は円盤４に巻き付き引っ張られて配線７−２を通じて変位センサ６は何れかの杭９が１０cm変位したことを検知する。このとき、変位しない杭９−３、９−４側の配線７−４，７−５の他端はΔＬ＝１０cmだけ下がる。
【００３２】
続いて、杭９−３が伸張変位例えば右側に６cm変位すると、配線７−４の他端は６cm上昇するが、未だΔＬ＝４cmあるため、配線７−４の他端側のストッパー可動部１２ａは杭９−３のストッパー固定部１２ｂに当接せず、このため、配線７−４は右側に引っ張られて矢印ａ方向に移動することがなく、このため、変位結合器１の回転軸２は回転せず、杭９−３の伸張変位は変位センサ６によっては検知されない。このとき、杭９−２、９−４側の配線７−３、７−５の他端は変位せず、配線７−３の他端側はΔＬ＝０cm、配線７−５の他端側はΔＬ＝１０cmのままである。
【００３３】
その後、杭９−４が伸張変位例えば右側に１６cm変位すると、配線７−５の他端は１６cm上昇しようとするが、上昇できる範囲はΔＬ＝１０cmのため、配線７−５の他端が１０cm上昇した時点で配線７−５の他端側のストッパー可動部１２ａは杭９−４側のストッパー固定部１２ｂの下面側に当接する。当接するまでは配線７−５は移動しないが当接後は配線７−５は右側に６cm引っ張られて移動する。６cm右側に移動する配線７−５の一端側は円盤３を介して変位結合器１の回転軸２を矢印ｃ方向にさらに６cm相当分加えただけ回転させる。つまり回転軸２は最初の１０cmに６cmを加えた分の合計１６cm相当分だけ回転する。回転軸２の回転情報は配線７−２を通じて変位センサ６に伝達され、変位センサ６は何れかの杭９が１６cm変位したことを検知する。このようにして、多点変位計測では何れかの最大変位が検知されることになる。
【００３４】
図４は多点変位計測システムに図３（Ａ）（Ｂ）で示す定荷重錘５ａ、ストッパー可動部１２ａ、ストッパー固定部１２ｂを適用した多点変位計測例で、斜面上部、下部各５区間の変位計測を行っている。図４では斜面上部は計測区間に直接配線を接続しているため、配線７は最短で途中の杭等も最少となる。地盤亀裂１４の変化などａ方向の変位を直接監視する場合に適用する。図４では斜面下部５区間は斜面上下方向の変位を直接計測するために中継杭１５と滑車８を設けて計測している。ここで、計測変位は斜面上部、斜面下部共にそれぞれ５区間の最大変位が計測されることになる。いずれの方法（または組み合わせ）を適用するかは監視目的により異なるが本多点計測では変位センサ６は２台（従来１０台）となり、変位センサ６への光ファイバーまたは電源、信号線なども従来式の１／５に削減できる。
【００３５】
〔実施の形態―４〕
ここで図１は多点変位計測の一例として３点計測方法の説明図、変位結合器の一例として変位結合器の構造と動作を示したもの、図５は多点変位計測で変位位置を識別するための設置例、図６（Ａ）（Ｂ）は多点変位計測で変位位置を識別するための設置例、変位センサ識別の論理ブロックを示したもの、図７（Ａ）（Ｂ）は多点変位計測で変位位置を識別するため、多点変位計測システムに定荷重錘、可動盤を適用したものを示すものである。
【００３６】
図５は斜面上部１８区間（偶数区間）、下部１９区間（奇数区間）の変位計測例で、変位計測区間が偶数区間の場合、計測区間をｍ（ｍ＝４、６、・・・）とすると、変位センサ６−１、・・・個数はｍ／２＋１となり、奇数区間の場合、計測区間をｎ（ｎ＝３、５、・・・）とすると変位センサ６−１、・・・個数は（ｎ＋１）／２となる。変位センサ６−１は当該センサの設置杭と杭９−１、および杭９−２間２点の変位を計測し、変位センサ６−２は同様に当該センサの設置杭と杭９−２、９−３および杭９−４間３点の変位を計測している。杭９−１に伸張変位が起きた場合は変位センサ６−１だけに変位が検出され、杭９−２に伸張変位が起きると変位センサ６−１および６−２で変位検出される。以下省略するが本発明の変位センサ設置方法を用いて各変位センサの検知状態を監視すれば各杭９の変位発生位置の識別が可能となる。
【００３７】
図６（Ｂ）は前記変位発生位置の識別を行う論理ブロックである。図６（Ｂ）において監視出力１７−１〜１７−６は図６（Ａ）の変位センサ６−１〜６−６変位センサに対応しており変位センサに規定値以上の変位が起きると監視出力が論理１となる。例えば監視出力１７−１が“１”で監視出力１７−２が“０”の場合は杭９−１の変位発生警報１８−１を出力し、監視出力１７−１、１７−２が共に“１”の場合は杭９−２の変位発生警報１８−２を出力する。
以下説明は省略するが杭９−１９までの変位発生位置の識別可能となる。
【００３８】
図７（Ａ）は配線の張力を一定に保持する定荷重錘と、定荷重錘を上方向に移動させない目的で定荷重錘に連結され、また杭に設置された下方向のみに可動な可動盤１２ｃの動作概念図、初期設定状態を示している。本図において、配線７−３の他端には定荷重錘５ａが連結されている。杭９−２の上端には水平状に張設された配線７−３の他端側を下向きに方向変換させる滑車８ａが取り付けられている。滑車８ａの下方の杭９−２の伸張変位方向側となる後部側面には可動盤１２ｃが杭９−２の伸張変位方向側に向けて張り出して取り付けられている。可動盤１２ｃは杭９−２の後部側面に下動自在上動不可、つまり下方向きへの移動のみ可能で上向きへの移動ができないように取り付けられている。また可動盤１２ｃは定荷重錘５ａの下面に一体的に連結されていて、可動盤１２ｃには定荷重錘５ａの全荷重が作用する構造になっている。可動盤１２ｃは定荷重錘５ａの自重によって下方に移動つまり下動するが、配線７を通じて定荷重錘５ａを引き上げる力が作用した場合には定荷重錘５ａの上動を阻止する。
【００３９】
即ち、本図において配線７−３は杭９−２上部に設置された滑車８ａで方向変換され定荷重錘５ａで下向きの荷重がかかっており、定荷重錘５ａに連結する可動盤１２ｃは杭９−２上をａ方向のみに可動するように杭９−２に設置されている。図７（Ａ）の初期状態で配線７−３は矢印ａ方向には動くが反対方向には動かない構造となっている。
【００４０】
図１において杭９−２が矢印ａ方向に動くと配線７−３が矢印ａ方向に引っ張られ円盤３が矢印ｃ方向に回転するため配線７−４、配線７−５には弛みがでて全体のトルクバランスがくずれ正確な変位が計測できなくなることが考えられる。しかし配線７−４、配線７−５の他端には定荷重錘５ａが常時下向きに作用している。この定荷重錘５ａによって配線７−４、配線７−５の他端はΔＬだけ下方に移動して、配線７−４、配線７−５の弛みは解消されると共に定荷重錘５ａによって一定張力が作用する。
【００４１】
図７（Ｂ）は前記配線の弛み取った例を示したもので定荷重錘５ａはΔＬだけ矢印ａ方向に移動し配線７−３の弛みを無くし一定引張力を加えている。この場合杭９−２が伸張変位方向つまり右側に動くと、定荷重錘５ａに連結した可動盤１２ｃは矢印ａの反対方向つまり上動方向には可動しないため、図１において配線７−４、７−５を矢印ａの方向に引っ張って移動させることになる。このことは実施の形態―２での不感領域が無くなり、変位センサ６は常に初期設定状態と同じく、変位が発生したいずれかの計測区間の変位を検知することになる。従って、本多点変位計測システムでは図５の各杭９の変位位置を識別するための設置例、図６の変位センサ識別の論理ブロックを適用することが出来る。
【００４２】
【発明の効果】
以上の記載より明らかなように請求項１の発明に係る多点変位計測システムによれば、複数変位測定点に対して使用する変位センサの台数を１台にでき、また変位センサに使用する光ファイバまたは電源、信号線が削減できるため、工事の簡素化およびシステム価格の低減が可能になる。
【００４３】
また、請求項２の発明によれば、使用する変位センサの計測スパン、変位検知感度の変更が可能になる。
【００４４】
また、請求項３の発明によれば、使用する変位センサの計測スパン、変位検知感度の変更が可能になる。
【００４５】
また、請求項４の発明によれば、複数計測区間の最大変位の検知が可能となる。
【００４６】
また、請求項５の発明に係る多点変位計測システムによれば、従来の個別計測に比較し、計測点数の約１／２の変位センサで、変位発生位置の識別が可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】この発明の実施形態―１、実施形態―３、実施形態―４を示す多点変位計測システムの概念と変位結合器の一例を示す図である。
【図２】この発明の実施形態―２を示す多点変位計測システムの概念と変位結合器の一例を示す図である。
【図３】（Ａ）（Ｂ）はこの発明の実施形態―３を示す定荷重錘とストッパー可動部、ストッパー固定部の機能を示す図である。
【図４】この発明の実施形態―２を示す多点計測による斜面計測方法の一例である。
【図５】この発明の実施形態―４を示す多点計測による斜面計測方法の一例である。
【図６】（Ａ）（Ｂ）はこの発明の実施形態―４を示す多点計測による斜面計測方法、変位センサの判定を行うロジック演算の一例である。
【図７】（Ａ）（Ｂ）はこの発明の実施形態―４を示す定荷重錘と可動盤の機能を示す図である。
【図８】従来式伸縮センサを用いた斜面計測図である。
【図９】従来式変位センサを用いた複数点の斜面変位計測方法を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
１変位結合器
２回転軸
３円盤
３ａ回転体
３ｂ連結点
３ｃ連結点
３ｄ連結点
４円盤
５定荷重錘
５ａ定荷重錘
６変位センサ
７配線
８滑車
８ａ滑車
９杭
１０斜面
１２ａストッパー可動部
１２ｂストッパー固定部
１２ｃ可動盤
１２ｄ穴
１４地盤亀裂
１５中継杭
１６配線
１７監視出力
１８変位発生警報
１９電源線
２０電気信号線
２１保護管
２２支持杭
２３インバー線
２４接続ケーブル
２５信号処理器[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention monitors slope displacement for the purpose of diagnosing slope health and predicting collapse. Measures displacement in multiple sections with a single displacement sensor, and identifies displacement locations in multiple sections with a small number of units. The present invention relates to a multi-point displacement measurement system.
[0002]
[Prior art]
On slopes such as railways and roads, there are not only heavy rains and earthquakes but also collapse accidents caused by various environmental changes. In order to prevent such damage, it is necessary to detect the abnormality of the slope at an early stage by grasping the soundness of the slope and measuring and monitoring the displacement of the slope with the risk of collapse. Conventionally, in order to automatically measure the slope displacement, an invar line with a small coefficient of thermal expansion is routed between two points on the slope to be measured, and the movement of the invar line corresponding to the slope displacement is converted into an electrical signal. Inclination monitoring using an extensometer to measure (hereinafter referred to as a displacement sensor) and an optical displacement sensor that converts displacement into optical fiber transmission intensity is performed.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Optical displacement sensors and displacement sensors (extension sensors) require one sensor at each measurement point. When measuring multiple points, the number of displacement sensors and the optical fiber, power supply, signal lines, etc. to these displacement sensors There are problems such as an increase in proportion to the number of measurement points.
[0004]
FIG. 8 shows a slope displacement measuring method using a conventional displacement sensor. Piles 9-1 and 9-2 are driven into the slope 10 in the measurement section, and an invar line 23 is laid between the piles. A constant tension is applied to the invar wire drawn from the displacement sensor 6 fixed to the upper portion of the pile 9-1 by the constant load weight 5, and the invar wire 23 moves according to the displacement between the piles. . The amount of movement of the invar line 23 is converted into an electric signal by a sliding resistance, a strain gauge, or the like inside the displacement sensor 6. For this reason, the power line 19 or the electric signal line 20 of the electric circuit is connected to the displacement sensor 6. . The invar line 23 is installed inside the protective tube 21 via a support pile 22 so as not to be affected by plants and animals.
[0005]
Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-248300 describes a method of measuring displacement by connecting a plurality of optical displacement sensors in series to one optical fiber line as an example of slope displacement measurement. One optical displacement is measured at each measurement point. Even if the sensor is used, it can be easily estimated that when one optical displacement sensor is applied to one optical fiber line, the following measurement method is obtained. FIG. 9 shows an example of displacement measurement in each of the upper and lower sections of the slope 10 using a conventional displacement sensor. Invar wires 23-1 to 23-10 are individually installed between the piles to which the displacement sensors 6-1 to 6-10 are fixed and the piles 9-1 to 9-10. Ten displacement sensors are required to detect the movement with the displacement sensor. Each displacement sensor requires installation of a power line / signal line or an optical fiber (only the connection cable 24-10 of the displacement sensor 6-10 is shown in FIG. 9 and the others are omitted). There is a problem in simplification and cost reduction of the system.
[0006]
The present invention has been devised in view of the problems as described above, and has been devised to solve the problems. The object of the present invention is to measure the displacement of a large number of sections with a single displacement sensor, and to reduce the number of units. An object of the present invention is to provide a multi-point displacement measurement system that identifies displacement points in a plurality of sections.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention of claim 1 is directed to a multipoint displacement measuring system for measuring displacements of at least two or more measurement sections, one displacement coupler and a displacement sensor, and at least two or more points. And a plurality of piles installed in the measurement section, and one end side coupled to one displacement coupler and the other end side coupled to each pile, and a plurality of wires extending between the displacement coupler and each pile. The displacement coupler operates when the pile is displaced in the wiring tension direction and transmits the displacement information to the displacement sensor. The displacement sensor is based on the displacement information from the displacement coupler. It consists of a means for measuring.
[0008]
As a preferred embodiment of the invention of claim 1, a disk in which the wiring from the displacement sensor is wound around the side peripheral surface and a disk in which the wiring from the plurality of piles is wound around the side peripheral surface are interlocked and connected, and the wiring from the displacement sensor is connected. A displacement coupler is provided that allows the amount of movement of the wire connected to the displacement sensor and the amount of movement of the wire connected to the pile to be in an arbitrary ratio due to the change in the diameter ratio of the wound disk and the disk around which the wires from the plurality of piles are wound.
[0009]
Moreover, as a preferable aspect of the invention of claim 1, an installation position of a connection point for connecting the wiring from the displacement sensor to the rotating body, an installation position of a connection point for connecting the wiring from the pile to the rotating body, and the rotation of the rotating body Installation position of the connecting point that connects the wiring from the displacement sensor to the rotating body with respect to the installation position of the rotating shaft of the rotating body and the connecting position that connects the wiring from the pile to the rotating body. A displacement coupler that changes the displacement measurement span and displacement detection sensitivity of the displacement sensor by changing the amount of movement of the wire connected to the displacement sensor to the amount of movement of the wire connected to the pile by changing the installation position of the point. It has.
[0010]
Further, as a preferred aspect of the invention of claim 1, it is connected to the other end of the wiring on the pile side for the purpose of keeping constant the tension of the wiring stretched between the displacement coupler which is the displacement measuring section and the plurality of piles. A constant load weight, a stopper movable part connected on the pile side wiring to detect the maximum displacement in a plurality of measurement sections, and a stopper fixing part attached to the pile and locking the stopper movable part. ing.
[0011]
The invention of claim 5 is a multi-point displacement measuring system for measuring displacements in at least three measuring sections, wherein a plurality of piles installed in at least three measuring sections and one end side are coupled to a displacement coupler. The other end side is connected to the pile and includes a displacement coupler and a plurality of wires stretched between the piles. One displacement coupler has one end of two or three wires stretched on different piles. The other ends of one wire or two wires are connected to each pile, and in the pile to which the other ends of the two wires are connected, one end side of the two wires is separated. A constant load weight is connected to the other end of the wiring on the pile side and connected to the constant load weight in order to keep the tension of the wiring connected between the displacement coupler and the pile constant. And a movable plate that is movable only in the downward direction is attached to the pile. It has a mechanism that operates and transmits the displacement information to the displacement sensor. The displacement sensor measures the amount of pile displacement based on the displacement information from the displacement coupler and identifies the displacement location from the displacement information. It comprises the means provided with.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically based on embodiments of the invention described in the drawings.
[0013]
[Embodiment-1]
Here, FIG. 1 shows an explanation of a three-point measurement method as an example of multipoint displacement measurement, and shows the structure and operation of a displacement coupler as an example of a displacement coupler.
[0014]
In FIG. 1, a multipoint displacement measurement system is a system that measures the displacement of at least two measurement sections using a single displacement coupler 1 and a displacement sensor 6, and includes a single displacement coupler 1 and a displacement sensor. 6. A plurality of piles 9-2, 9-3, 9-4... (3 points in FIG. 1) attached to at least two or more measurement sections, one end coupled to one displacement coupler 1 The other end is connected to each of the piles 9-2, 9-3, 9-4,... And a plurality of wires 7-3, 7-4, 7 stretched between the displacement coupler 1 and each pile 9. -5 etc.
[0015]
When the pile 9 is displaced in the extension displacement of each pile 9, that is, the direction in which the wiring 7 is pulled, that is, when each pile 9 is displaced in the direction in which the distance between the displacement coupler 1 and each pile 9 is increased. In addition, the displacement information is transmitted to the displacement sensor 6 by operating in conjunction with the tensile movement of each wiring 7. The displacement sensor 6 measures the displacement amount of the pile 9 based on the displacement information from the displacement coupler 1.
[0016]
The displacement coupler 1 is fixed on a pile 9-1 driven into one end side inclined surface 10-1 of the measurement section. A rotary shaft 2 is rotatably supported inside the displacement coupler 1, and a wiring coupling disk 3 and a displacement sensor transmission disk 4 are integrally mounted on the outer peripheral side surface of the rotary shaft 2. . That is, the rotation center axis of the disks 3 and 4 and the rotation center axis of the rotation shaft 2 are the same, and the disks 3 and 4 inside the displacement coupler 1 rotate together with the rotation shaft 2.
[0017]
The one end side of wiring 7-3, 7-4, and 7-5 is wound around the side peripheral surface of the disk 3. FIG. The side circumferential surface of the disk 3 is formed with dedicated winding grooves for the wirings 7-3, 7-4, and 7-5 so that the one ends of the wirings 7-3, 7-4, and 7-5 do not get entangled. ing. The other ends of the wires 7-3, 7-4, and 7-5 are connected to the piles 9-2 to 9-4 driven into the other inclined surfaces 10-2 to 10-4 of the respective measurement sections together with the constant load weight 5a. Connected. The constant load weight 5a makes the tensile force of the wiring 7 in the direction of arrow a, that is, the tensile force of the wiring 7 in the direction of pulling constant, and the urging force that rotates the rotating shaft 2 in the direction of arrow c will be described in detail later. Is granted. A pulley 8 is provided between the displacement coupler 1 and the pile 9 as necessary to prevent direction change and loosening of the wiring 7.
[0018]
The disk 4 inside the displacement coupler 1 rotates integrally with the rotary shaft 2. One end side of the wires 7-1 and 7-2 is wound around the side peripheral surface of the disk 4. On the side circumferential surface of the disk 4, dedicated winding grooves for the wirings 7-1 and 7-2 are formed so that one end sides of the wirings 7-1 and 7-2 are not entangled. The other end of the wiring 7-1 is connected to the constant load weight 5, and a tensile force is applied in the direction of arrow b to apply a biasing force that rotates the rotating shaft 2 in the direction of arrow d. The other end of the wiring 7-2 is connected to the displacement sensor 6. In the initial state, the tensile force in the direction of arrow a of the wires 7-3 to 7-5 and the tensile force in the direction of arrow b of the wire 7-1 are balanced, and the rotating shaft 2 is stopped. However, for example, when the pile 9-2 overcomes the wiring tensile force and moves in the direction of the arrow a, the disks 3 and 4 rotate in the direction of the arrow c, and one end side of the wiring 7-2 wound around the disk 4 winds around the disk 4. Since it moves in the direction opposite to the arrow b direction, the displacement amount can be detected by the displacement sensor 6.
[0019]
Further, the displacement measurement of the displacement sensor 6 is performed by changing the moving amount of the wires 7-1 and 7-2 and the moving amount of the wires 7-3 to 7-5 by changing the diameter ratio of the disk 3 and the disk 4. The span and displacement detection sensitivity can be changed. In this case, when the diameter of the disk 3 is larger than the diameter of the disk 4, the movement amount of the wiring 7-2 becomes smaller than the movement amount of the wirings 7-3 to 7-5. Is smaller than the diameter of the disk 4, the movement amount of the wiring 7-2 is larger than the movement amount of the wirings 7-3 to 7-4, so that the displacement detection sensitivity is increased.
[0020]
[Embodiment-2]
Here, FIG. 2 illustrates a three-point measurement method as an example of multipoint displacement measurement, and illustrates the structure and operation of a displacement coupler as an example of a displacement coupler.
[0021]
In FIG. 2, the displacement coupler 1 is configured so that each pile 9 is extended in the direction in which the distance between the displacement coupler 1 and each pile 9 is increased when the pile 9 is displaced in the extension displacement of each pile 9, that is, in the direction of pulling the wiring 7. Is moved in conjunction with the tensile movement of each wiring 7, and the displacement information is transmitted to the displacement sensor 6. The displacement sensor 6 measures the displacement amount of the pile 9 based on the displacement information from the displacement coupler 1.
[0022]
The displacement coupler 1 is fixed on a pile 9-1 driven into one end side inclined surface 10-1 of the measurement section. Inside the displacement coupler 1, a bar-shaped rotating body 3a is rotatably supported by the rotating shaft 2 on the top of the pile 9-1. The bar-type rotating body 3a rotates around the rotating shaft 2. The bar-type rotating body 3a has the rotating shaft 2 positioned at the center thereof, and the connecting point 3b and the connecting point 3d are positioned on both ends of the bar-shaped rotating body 3a with the rotating shaft 2 interposed therebetween. That is, the positions of the rotating shaft 2, the connecting point 3b, and the connecting point 3d are located at different locations on the bar-shaped rotating body 3a.
[0023]
One end of wires 7-3, 7-4 and 7-5 is connected to one end of the rotating body 3a at a connecting point 3b (in FIG. 2, the wires 7-3 and 7-5 are omitted in the middle of the figure). Shown). The other ends of the wires 7-3, 7-4, and 7-5 are connected to the piles 9-2 to 9-4 driven into the other inclined surfaces 10-2 to 10-4 of the respective measurement sections together with the constant load weight 5a. Connected. The constant load weight 5a makes the tensile force of the wiring 7 in the direction of arrow a, that is, the tensile force of the wiring 7 in the direction of pulling constant, and the urging force that rotates the rotating body 3a in the direction of arrow c will be described in detail later. Is granted. A pulley 8 is provided between the displacement coupler 1 and the pile 9 as necessary to prevent direction change and loosening of the wiring 7.
[0024]
Wiring lines 7-1 and 7-2 are connected to the other end of the rotating body 3a at connecting points 3c and 3d, respectively, and the wiring line 7-1 is connected to the constant load weight 5 to apply a tensile force in the direction of arrow b. An urging force is applied to rotate the rotating body 3a in the direction of the arrow d about the rotation axis 2. The wiring 7-2 is connected to the displacement sensor 6. In the initial state, the tensile force in the direction of arrow a of the wires 7-3 to 7-5 and the tensile force in the direction of arrow b of the wire 7-1 are balanced, and the rotating body 3a is stopped. However, for example, when the pile 9-2 overcomes the wiring tensile force and moves in the direction of the arrow a, the rotating body 3a rotates in the direction of the arrow c around the rotating shaft 2, so the wiring 7-2 moves in the direction opposite to the direction of the arrow b. Therefore, the displacement amount can be detected by the displacement sensor 6.
[0025]
Further, by changing the installation positions of the connection points 3b and 3d with respect to the rotation shaft 2, that is, by changing the distance from the connection point 3b to the rotation shaft 2 and the distance from the connection point 3d to the rotation shaft 2, respectively, the wiring 7-1, The displacement measurement span and the displacement detection sensitivity of the displacement sensor 6 can be changed by setting the amount of movement of 7-2 and the amount of movement of the wires 7-3 to 7-5 to an arbitrary ratio. In this case, when the setting position of the connection point 3b is away from the setting position of the connection point 3d with respect to the rotating shaft 2, the movement amount of the wiring 7-2 is smaller than the movement amount of the wirings 7-3 to 7-5. Therefore, the displacement measurement span is expanded, and when the setting position of the connection point 3d is away from the setting position of the connection point 3b with respect to the rotary shaft 2, the movement amount of the wiring 7-2 with respect to the movement amount of the wirings 7-3 to 7-5. Since the amount of movement increases, the displacement detection sensitivity increases.
[0026]
[Embodiment-3]
Here, FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a three-point measurement method as an example of multi-point displacement measurement, a structure and operation of a displacement coupler as an example of a displacement coupler, and FIGS. 3 (A) and 3 (B) multi-point measurement. An example in which a constant load weight, a stopper movable part, and a stopper fixing part are applied in the system, and FIG. 4 shows an example in which the multipoint displacement measurement system is applied to a slope.
[0027]
3 (A) and 3 (B) show constant load weights that keep the tension of the wiring constant, a stopper movable part that is fixed on the wiring on the pile side to detect the maximum displacement in a plurality of measurement sections, and a stopper that is installed on the pile. The operation | movement conceptual diagram of a fixing | fixed part and the initial setting state are shown. In the figure, a constant load weight 5a is connected to the other ends of the wirings 7-3 to 7-5. A pulley 8a is attached to the upper ends of the piles 9-2 to 9-4 to change the direction of the other end of the wires 7-3 to 7-5 extending horizontally downward. A stopper fixing portion 12b is attached to the rear side surface on the extension displacement direction side of the piles 9-2 to 9-4 below the pulley 8a so as to protrude toward the extension displacement direction side of the piles 9-2 to 9-4. Yes. The stopper fixing portion 12b is formed with a hole 12d through which the other ends of the wires 7-3 to 7-5 are inserted. A stopper movable portion 12a is connected to the other end side of the wirings 7-3 to 7-5 that are inserted downward through the hole 12d.
[0028]
The wirings 7-3 to 7-5 are changed in direction by a pulley 8 a installed on top of the piles 9-2 to 9-4, and a downward load is applied by the constant load weight 5 a. In the initial state, the stopper movable portion 12a of the wirings 7-3 to 7-5 comes into contact with and is locked to the lower surface side of the hole 12d provided in the stopper fixing portion 12b installed in the piles 9-2 to 9-4. . Accordingly, the wirings 7-3 to 7-5 move in the direction of the arrow a, that is, in the pulled direction, but do not move in the opposite direction, that is, in the contracting direction.
[0029]
1 and 3, when the pile 9-2 moves to the right, the wire 7-3 is pulled in the direction of arrow a, and the disk 3 rotates in the direction of arrow c, so that the wires 7-4 and 7-5 are loosened. Therefore, it is conceivable that the entire torque balance is lost and accurate displacement cannot be measured. However, the constant load weight 5a always acts downward at the other end of the wiring 7-4 and the wiring 7-5. The constant load weight 5a moves the other ends of the wiring 7-4 and the wiring 7-5 downward by ΔL, so that the slackness of the wiring 7-4 and the wiring 7-5 is eliminated and a constant tension is applied.
[0030]
FIG. 3B shows an example in which the wirings 7-4 and 7-5 are loosened. The constant load weight 5a moves downward by ΔL to eliminate the slackness of the wirings 7-4 and 7-5 and keep constant. Tensile force is applied. In this case, when the pile 9-3 (or 9-4) moves to the right, the constant load weight 5a rises by ΔL (insensitive area), but thereafter the wiring 7-4 (or 7-5) is moved in the direction of arrow a. Will pull. For this reason, any maximum displacement is detected in the multipoint displacement measurement.
[0031]
That is, when the pile 9-2 is initially displaced by extension, for example, 10 cm to the right, the wire 7-3 is pulled to the right and moved 10 cm, and one end of the wire 7-3 moving to the right is displaced via the disk 3. The rotating shaft 2 of the coupler 1 is rotated in the direction of the arrow c by an amount corresponding to 10 cm, the wire 7-2 is wound around the disk 4 and pulled, and the displacement sensor 6 is displaced by 10 cm through the wire 7-2. Is detected. At this time, the other ends of the wirings 7-4 and 7-5 on the piles 9-3 and 9-4 which are not displaced are lowered by ΔL = 10 cm.
[0032]
Subsequently, when the pile 9-3 is extended and displaced, for example, 6 cm to the right, the other end of the wiring 7-4 rises by 6 cm. However, since ΔL = 4 cm is still present, the stopper movable portion 12a on the other end side of the wiring 7-4. Does not come into contact with the stopper fixing portion 12b of the pile 9-3, and therefore, the wiring 7-4 is pulled to the right side and does not move in the direction of the arrow a. Does not rotate, and the extension displacement of the pile 9-3 is not detected by the displacement sensor 6. At this time, the other ends of the wirings 7-3 and 7-5 on the side of the piles 9-2 and 9-4 are not displaced, the other end side of the wiring 7-3 is ΔL = 0 cm, and the other end side of the wiring 7-5 Remains ΔL = 10 cm.
[0033]
After that, when the pile 9-4 is extended, for example, displaced 16 cm to the right, the other end of the wiring 7-5 tends to rise 16 cm, but the range that can be raised is ΔL = 10 cm, so the other end of the wiring 7-5 is 10 cm. At the time of rising, the stopper movable portion 12a on the other end side of the wiring 7-5 contacts the lower surface side of the stopper fixing portion 12b on the pile 9-4 side. The wiring 7-5 does not move until contact is made, but after contact, the wiring 7-5 is pulled 6 cm to the right and moved. One end of the wiring 7-5 moving to the right of 6 cm rotates the rotary shaft 2 of the displacement coupler 1 through the disk 3 by an additional 6 cm in the direction of the arrow c. That is, the rotary shaft 2 rotates by a total of 16 cm equivalent to the sum of 6 cm added to the first 10 cm. The rotation information of the rotary shaft 2 is transmitted to the displacement sensor 6 through the wiring 7-2, and the displacement sensor 6 detects that any of the piles 9 has been displaced by 16 cm. In this way, any maximum displacement is detected in the multipoint displacement measurement.
[0034]
FIG. 4 shows an example of multipoint displacement measurement in which the constant load weight 5a, the stopper movable portion 12a, and the stopper fixing portion 12b shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B are applied to the multipoint displacement measurement system. Displacement measurement is performed. In FIG. 4, since the upper part of the slope is directly connected to the measurement section, the wiring 7 is the shortest and the piles on the way are also the smallest. This is applied when the displacement in the a direction such as a change in the ground crack 14 is directly monitored. In FIG. 4, in the lower slope 5 section, the relay pile 15 and the pulley 8 are provided and measured in order to directly measure the displacement in the vertical direction of the slope. Here, the maximum displacement of the five sections is measured for both the upper part of the slope and the lower part of the slope. Which method (or combination) is applied depends on the purpose of monitoring, but in this multipoint measurement, there are two displacement sensors 6 (10 conventionally), and the optical fiber, power supply, signal line, etc. to the displacement sensor 6 are also conventional. Can be reduced to 1/5.
[0035]
[Embodiment-4]
Here, FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a three-point measurement method as an example of multi-point displacement measurement, shows the structure and operation of a displacement coupler as an example of a displacement coupler, and FIG. 5 identifies the displacement position by multi-point displacement measurement. 6A and 6B are installation examples for identifying a displacement position by multi-point displacement measurement, a logical block for identifying a displacement sensor, and FIGS. In order to identify a displacement position by multipoint displacement measurement, a multipoint displacement measurement system to which a constant load weight and a movable plate are applied is shown.
[0036]
FIG. 5 shows an example of displacement measurement in the upper slope 18 section (even section) and lower 19 section (odd section). When the displacement measurement section is an even section, the measurement section is m (m = 4, 6,...). Then, the number of displacement sensors 6-1,... Is m / 2 + 1. In the case of an odd number, the number of displacement sensors 6-1,. Becomes (n + 1) / 2. The displacement sensor 6-1 measures the displacement of two points between the installation pile of the sensor and the pile 9-1 and the pile 9-2, and the displacement sensor 6-2 similarly includes the installation pile of the sensor and the pile 9-2. The displacement of three points between 9-3 and the pile 9-4 is measured. When an extension displacement occurs in the pile 9-1, the displacement is detected only by the displacement sensor 6-1, and when an extension displacement occurs in the pile 9-2, the displacement is detected by the displacement sensors 6-1 and 6-2. Although omitted below, if the detection state of each displacement sensor is monitored using the displacement sensor installation method of the present invention, the displacement occurrence position of each pile 9 can be identified.
[0037]
FIG. 6B is a logic block for identifying the displacement occurrence position. In FIG. 6B, monitoring outputs 17-1 to 17-6 correspond to the displacement sensors 6-1 to 6-6 in FIG. 6A, and are monitored when a displacement exceeding a specified value occurs in the displacement sensor. Output is logic one. For example, when the monitoring output 17-1 is “1” and the monitoring output 17-2 is “0”, the displacement generation alarm 18-1 of the pile 9-1 is output, and both the monitoring outputs 17-1 and 17-2 are “ In the case of 1 ″, the displacement occurrence warning 18-2 of the pile 9-2 is output.
Although the description is omitted below, it is possible to identify the displacement occurrence position up to the pile 9-19.
[0038]
Fig. 7 (A) shows a constant load weight that keeps the wiring tension constant, and a movable load that is connected to the constant load weight for the purpose of preventing the constant load weight from moving upward, and that is movable only in the downward direction installed on the pile. The operation | movement conceptual diagram of the board 12c and the initial setting state are shown. In the figure, a constant load weight 5a is connected to the other end of the wiring 7-3. A pulley 8a is attached to the upper end of the pile 9-2 to change the direction of the other end of the wiring 7-3 stretched horizontally. A movable platen 12c is attached to the rear side surface on the extension displacement direction side of the pile 9-2 below the pulley 8a so as to protrude toward the extension displacement direction side of the pile 9-2. The movable platen 12c is attached to the rear side surface of the pile 9-2 so that the movable platen 12c can be moved downward and cannot be moved, that is, can only move downward and cannot move upward. The movable platen 12c is integrally connected to the lower surface of the constant load weight 5a, and the movable platen 12c has a structure in which the entire load of the constant load weight 5a acts. The movable platen 12c moves downward, that is, moves downward by its own weight of the constant load weight 5a. However, when a force for pulling up the constant load weight 5a is applied through the wiring 7, the movable plate 12c prevents the constant load weight 5a from moving upward.
[0039]
That is, in this figure, the wiring 7-3 is changed in direction by a pulley 8a installed on the top of the pile 9-2, and a downward load is applied by the constant load weight 5a, and the movable board 12c connected to the constant load weight 5a is a pile. It is installed on the pile 9-2 so as to be movable only in the a direction on 9-2. In the initial state of FIG. 7A, the wiring 7-3 moves in the arrow a direction but does not move in the opposite direction.
[0040]
In FIG. 1, when the pile 9-2 moves in the direction of arrow a, the wire 7-3 is pulled in the direction of arrow a, and the disk 3 rotates in the direction of arrow c, so that the wires 7-4 and 7-5 are loosened. It is conceivable that the overall torque balance is lost and accurate displacement cannot be measured. However, the constant load weight 5a always acts downward at the other end of the wiring 7-4 and the wiring 7-5. The other ends of the wiring 7-4 and the wiring 7-5 are moved downward by ΔL by the constant load weight 5a, so that the slack of the wiring 7-4 and the wiring 7-5 is eliminated and a constant tension is applied by the constant load weight 5a. Act.
[0041]
FIG. 7B shows an example in which the wiring is loosened. The constant load weight 5a is moved by ΔL in the direction of arrow a to eliminate the slack of the wiring 7-3 and apply a constant tensile force. In this case, when the pile 9-2 moves in the extension displacement direction, that is, the right side, the movable board 12c connected to the constant load weight 5a does not move in the opposite direction of the arrow a, that is, in the upward movement direction. 7-5 is pulled and moved in the direction of arrow a. This eliminates the insensitive area in the embodiment-2, and the displacement sensor 6 always detects the displacement of any measurement section where the displacement has occurred, as in the initial setting state. Therefore, in this multipoint displacement measurement system, the installation example for identifying the displacement position of each pile 9 in FIG. 5 and the logic block for displacement sensor identification in FIG. 6 can be applied.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above description, according to the multipoint displacement measurement system of the first aspect of the present invention, the number of displacement sensors used for a plurality of displacement measurement points can be reduced to one, and the light used for the displacement sensors. Since fiber, power supply, and signal lines can be reduced, construction can be simplified and the system price can be reduced.
[0043]
According to the invention of claim 2, it is possible to change the measurement span and displacement detection sensitivity of the displacement sensor to be used.
[0044]
According to the invention of claim 3, the measurement span and displacement detection sensitivity of the displacement sensor to be used can be changed.
[0045]
According to the invention of claim 4, it is possible to detect the maximum displacement in a plurality of measurement sections.
[0046]
In addition, according to the multipoint displacement measurement system according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to identify the displacement occurrence position with a displacement sensor having about half the number of measurement points compared to the conventional individual measurement.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a concept of a multipoint displacement measurement system and an example of a displacement coupler showing Embodiment-1, Embodiment-3, and Embodiment-4 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a multipoint displacement measurement system and an example of a displacement coupler showing Embodiment-2 of the present invention.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing functions of a constant load weight, a stopper movable portion, and a stopper fixing portion according to Embodiment-3 of the present invention. FIGS.
FIG. 4 is an example of a slope measuring method by multipoint measurement showing Embodiment-2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an example of a slope measuring method by multipoint measurement showing Embodiment-4 of the present invention;
FIGS. 6A and 6B are examples of a slope measurement method by multipoint measurement and a logic operation for determining a displacement sensor according to Embodiment-4 of the present invention. FIGS.
FIGS. 7A and 7B are views showing functions of a constant load weight and a movable platen according to Embodiment-4 of the present invention. FIGS.
FIG. 8 is a slope measurement diagram using a conventional expansion / contraction sensor.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a slope displacement measuring method at a plurality of points using a conventional displacement sensor.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Displacement coupler
2 Rotating shaft
3 discs
3a Rotating body
3b connecting point
3c connecting point
3d connecting point
4 discs
5 Constant load weight
5a Constant load weight
6 Displacement sensor
7 Wiring
8 pulley
8a pulley
9 Pile
10 slope
12a Stopper movable part
12b Stopper fixing part
12c Movable platen
12d hole
14 Ground crack
15 Relay pile
16 Wiring
17 Monitoring output
18 Displacement alarm
19 Power line
20 Electric signal line
21 Protection tube
22 Support pile
23 Invar Line
24 Connection cable
25 Signal processor

Claims

In a multi-point displacement measurement system that measures displacement in at least two measurement sections, one displacement coupler and displacement sensor, a plurality of piles installed in at least two measurement sections, and one end side The other end side is connected to each pile and is composed of a displacement coupler and a plurality of wires stretched between the piles, and the displacement coupler is activated when the pile is displaced in the wire tension direction. And a mechanism for transmitting the displacement information to the displacement sensor, wherein the displacement sensor measures the displacement amount of the pile based on the displacement information from the displacement coupler.

The disk with the wiring from the displacement sensor and the disk with the wiring from the multiple piles are linked together, and the disk with the wiring from the displacement sensor and the wiring from the multiple piles are wound together. Displacement coupler that changes the displacement measurement span and displacement detection sensitivity of the displacement sensor by changing the amount of movement of the wire connected to the displacement sensor and the amount of movement of the wire connected to the pile by changing the diameter ratio of the disc The multipoint displacement measurement system according to claim 1, comprising:

The installation position of the connecting point that connects the wiring from the displacement sensor to the rotating body, the installation position of the connecting point that connects the wiring from the pile to the rotating body, and the installation position of the rotating shaft of the rotating body are provided at different positions. The change of the installation position of the connection point connecting the wiring from the displacement sensor to the rotation body and the connection point connecting the wiring from the pile to the rotation body with respect to the installation position of the rotary shaft of the rotary body The multipoint displacement according to claim 1, further comprising a displacement coupler that changes a displacement measurement span and a displacement detection sensitivity of the displacement sensor by setting an arbitrary ratio between a movement amount of the wiring to be connected and a movement amount of the wiring to be connected to the pile. Measuring system.

A constant load weight connected to the other end of the wiring on the pile side in order to keep the tension of the wiring stretched between the displacement coupler, which is the displacement measurement section, and the multiple piles constant, and the maximum of the multiple measurement sections The multipoint displacement measurement system according to claim 1, further comprising: a stopper movable portion connected to the pile-side wiring for detecting the displacement; and a stopper fixing portion attached to the pile and locking the stopper movable portion. .

In a multi-point displacement measurement system that measures the displacement of at least three measurement sections, a plurality of piles installed in at least three measurement sections, one end side is coupled to a displacement coupler, and the other end side is coupled to the pile. A displacement coupler and a plurality of wires stretched between the piles are provided, and one displacement coupler is coupled to one end side of two or three wires stretched on different piles. In the pile where the other end of one wire or two wires is connected and the other end of the two wires is connected, one end of the two wires is connected to a separate displacement coupler, A constant load weight is connected to the other end of the wiring on the pile side for the purpose of keeping the tension of the wiring stretched between the coupler and the pile constant, and is connected to the constant load weight and movable only in the downward direction. A movable board is attached to the pile, and the displacement coupler operates when the pile is displaced in the direction of wiring tension. It has a mechanism for transmitting to a displacement sensor, and the displacement sensor has an identification calculation function for measuring a displacement amount of a pile based on displacement information from the displacement coupler and identifying a displacement location from the displacement information. Multi-point displacement measurement system.