JP3650447B2 - Absorption heat pump device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improvement of an absorption heat pump device that obtains cold using heat.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The configuration of a conventional absorption heat pump apparatus is shown in FIG. The absorption heat pump device includes a solution pump 81, a solution heat exchanger 82, a generator 83, a gas-liquid separator 84, a condenser 85, an expansion valve 86, an evaporator 87, an absorber 88, and a decompression unit 91.
[0003]
The concentrated solution having a high refrigerant concentration pressurized by the solution pump 81 receives the absorption heat in the absorption heat recovery unit 89 in the absorber 88 and rises in temperature to generate refrigerant vapor. Furthermore, the solution heat exchanger 82 receives the sensible heat of the dilute solution having a low refrigerant concentration flowing out from the gas-liquid separator 84 and raises the temperature. This concentrated solution is heated by the generator 83 by, for example, the combustion heat of city gas, and further generates refrigerant vapor and flows into the gas-liquid separator 84 in a gas-liquid two-phase state. The gas-liquid separator 84 separates the gas and liquid and causes the refrigerant vapor to flow to the condenser 85 and the dilute solution having a low refrigerant concentration to flow to the solution heat exchanger 82. The dilute solution exiting the gas-liquid separator 84 is given a sensible heat to the concentrated solution by the solution heat exchanger 82 and the temperature is lowered. The pressure is reduced by the decompression unit 91 and returns to the absorber 88. On the other hand, the refrigerant vapor exiting the gas-liquid separator 84 is liquefied by giving condensation heat to the cooling water in the condenser 85. Thereafter, the pressure is reduced by the expansion valve 86 and the temperature becomes low and flows into the evaporator 87, receives heat from the outside, evaporates, and returns to the absorber 88. In the absorber 88, the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator 87 is absorbed by the dilute solution from the solution heat exchanger 82, and the absorbed heat generated at that time is recovered into a concentrated solution by the absorption heat recovery unit 89, and at the heat dissipation unit 90. Heat is radiated to the outside by cooling water. The concentrated solution whose refrigerant concentration has been increased in this way flows out to the solution pump 81.
[0004]
As an absorber provided with an absorption heat recovery unit used in a conventional absorption heat pump apparatus, a tank system as shown in FIG. 3 is generally used. This is provided with an absorption heat recovery unit 89 which is a coiled tube wound around the upper part of the tank and serves as a concentrated solution flow path. The heat radiating part 90 is provided. The dilute solution from the solution heat exchanger 82 dropped from the upper part of the tank absorbs the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator 87 rising from the lower part of the tank, and gives the absorbed latent heat to the concentrated solution in the absorption heat recovery unit 89 and also dissipates heat. The part 90 radiates heat to the cooling water.
[0005]
In this way, the latent heat of absorption is recovered to a concentrated solution in the absorber 88, and the sensible heat of the diluted solution is recovered to a concentrated solution in the solution heat exchanger 82, thereby reducing the combustion heat given by the generator 83. Therefore, the coefficient of performance of the cycle is improved and the efficiency of the absorption heat pump apparatus is improved.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the absorber used for such a conventional absorption heat pump device, the following problems occur.
[0007]
That is, an absorber using a tank system is structurally large and heavy, and is not necessarily suitable for a device that needs to be small and light, particularly for home use. Moreover, since the internal volume becomes large, the charging amount of the refrigerant becomes large, and there is a problem that it is disadvantageous from the viewpoint of cost and safety.
[0008]
An object of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency and highly reliable absorption heat pump device including a small, light, and high-performance absorber with reference to the problems of the conventional heat pump.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to an absorption heat pump apparatus having at least a generator, a condenser, an evaporator, and an absorber, wherein the absorber slits an absorption flow path serving as a mixed flow path of refrigerant vapor and a dilute solution. A plurality of sets of plate A formed in a shape, plate B serving as a partition, and plate C formed with a concentrated solution channel and a cooling water channel formed in a slit shape at a position facing the absorption channel via the partition It has a laminated and integrated structure.
[0010]
Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a highly efficient and highly reliable absorption heat pump device including a small, light and high performance absorber.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention of claim 1 is an absorption heat pump device having at least a generator, a condenser, an evaporator, and an absorber, wherein the absorber serves as a flow path for a mixed flow of refrigerant vapor and dilute solution. A plate A having a channel formed in a slit shape, a plate B serving as a partition wall, and a plate C having a concentrated solution channel and a cooling water channel formed in a slit shape at positions facing the absorption channel via the partition wall; A plurality of sets are stacked and integrated.
[0012]
The present invention according to claim 2 is an absorption heat pump apparatus having at least a generator, a condenser, an evaporator, and an absorber, wherein the absorber serves as a flow path for a mixed flow of refrigerant vapor and dilute solution. A plate A having a channel formed in a slit shape, a plate B serving as a partition wall, and a plate C having a concentrated solution channel and a cooling water channel formed in a slit shape at positions facing the absorption channel via the partition wall; A branch refrigerant vapor channel communicating with the absorption channel is provided so that a part of the refrigerant vapor flows from the middle of the absorption channel.
[0013]
The present invention of claim 3 is an absorption heat pump device having at least a generator, a condenser, an evaporator, and an absorber, wherein the absorber is a mixed flow of a dilute solution flow path, a refrigerant vapor, and a dilute solution. Plate A in which slits are formed as an absorption channel serving as a channel, plate B serving as a partition, and a concentrated solution at a position facing the dilute solution channel and a part of the absorption channel via the partition A plurality of sets of plates C each having a cooling water channel formed in a slit shape at a position facing the remaining part of the absorption channel are laminated and integrated.
[0014]
The operation obtained by the above configuration is as follows.
[0015]
In the first aspect of the present invention, the absorber is constituted by a so-called laminated heat exchanger in which a large number of plates each having a flow path and a partition plate are laminated and integrated, and the absorbed heat is recovered. By configuring the concentrated solution flow path and the cooling water flow path for heat dissipation on the same plate facing the absorption flow path through the partition wall, the absorber can be reduced in size and weight and the internal volume can be reduced. be able to.
[0016]
In the present invention of claim 2, the refrigerant vapor having a volume flow larger than that of the dilute solution is branched into at least two before flowing into the absorber, and one of the refrigerant vapors absorbs the dilute solution together with the dilute solution. The other refrigerant vapor is allowed to flow into the absorption channel through the branched refrigerant vapor channel after the absorption of the refrigerant vapor into the dilute solution proceeds to some extent. Therefore, the pressure loss in the absorption flow path is reduced, and the pressure at the absorber outlet is secured, so that the concentration of the concentrated solution can be sufficiently obtained, and the absorption heat pump as a whole can have a stable ability.
[0017]
In this invention of Claim 3, the solution heat exchange part which recovers heat from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution, the collection | recovery part of the absorption latent heat to a concentrated solution, and the thermal radiation part of the absorbed heat to a cooling water are integrated. By comprising in this, integration with the conventional solution heat exchanger and the absorber provided with the absorption heat recovery part is achieved.
[0018]
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0019]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an absorption heat pump apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The absorption heat pump apparatus according to this embodiment includes a solution pump 1, a generator 2, a gas-liquid separator 3, a condenser 4, an expansion valve 5, an evaporator 6, an absorber 7, and a decompression unit 8. Further, the absorber 7 is configured integrally with the solution heat exchange unit 11, the absorption heat recovery unit 12, and the heat dissipation unit 130. Next, the operation of such an embodiment will be described.
[0020]
The concentrated solution having a high refrigerant concentration pressurized by the solution pump 1 receives the absorption heat at the absorption heat recovery unit 12 of the absorber 7 and rises in temperature to generate refrigerant vapor. Further, the solution heat exchanger 11 raises the temperature by receiving sensible heat of a dilute solution having a low refrigerant concentration flowing out from the gas-liquid separator 3. This concentrated solution is heated by, for example, city gas combustion heat in the generator 2, further generates refrigerant vapor, and flows into the gas-liquid separator 3 in a gas-liquid two-phase state. The gas-liquid separator 3 separates the gas-liquid and causes the refrigerant vapor to flow to the condenser 4 and the dilute solution having a low refrigerant concentration to flow out to the solution heat exchange unit 11 of the absorber 7.
[0021]
The dilute solution that has exited the gas-liquid separator 3 flows into the dilute solution flow path 13 of the absorber 7 and gives its sensible heat to the concentrated solution in the opposite concentrated solution flow path 16 to lower the temperature. This diluted solution is decompressed by the decompression unit 8 provided outside the absorber 7 and returns to the absorber 7 again.
[0022]
On the other hand, the refrigerant vapor exiting the gas-liquid separator 3 is liquefied by applying heat of condensation to the cooling water in the condenser 4. After that, the pressure is reduced by the expansion valve 5 and the temperature becomes low and flows into the evaporator 6, and is evaporated by receiving heat from the outside. A part of the refrigerant vapor branches into the branched refrigerant vapor flow path 15 and then returns to the absorber 7.
[0023]
The diluted diluted solution and the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator 6 are mixed with each other and flow into the absorption flow path 14 a of the absorption heat recovery unit 12 of the absorber 7. The absorbed heat generated at this time is recovered in the concentrated solution in the concentrated solution flow path 16 which is opposed.
[0024]
The mixed flow of the diluted solution and the refrigerant vapor that has been absorbed is mixed with the refrigerant vapor flowing from the branch refrigerant vapor channel 15 and flows into the absorption channel 14 b of the heat radiating unit 130. The absorbed heat generated at this time is radiated to the outside by the cooling water in the opposing cooling water flow path 17. Thus, the concentrated solution having a high refrigerant concentration flows out to the solution pump 1.
[0025]
In this way, the absorption heat is recovered to a concentrated solution by the absorption heat recovery unit 12 of the absorber 7, and the sensible heat of the dilute solution is recovered to the concentrated solution by the solution heat exchange unit 11, thereby burning the generator 2. It is possible to reduce heat, improve the coefficient of performance of the cycle, and increase the efficiency of the absorption heat pump device.
[0026]
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the absorber used in the absorption heat pump apparatus of the present invention. In order to briefly explain the configuration and operation of the absorber using the laminated heat exchanger, A flow path structure is shown typically.
[0027]
The absorber according to the present embodiment includes a plate 21 in which the dilute solution flow path 13 and the absorption flow paths 14a and 14b are formed in a slit shape, a plate 22 serving as a partition, a concentrated solution flow path 16 and a cooling water flow path 17. A plurality of sets of plates 23 configured in a slit shape are alternately stacked, and end plates 24 and 25 are provided on the upper and lower sides to be integrated. The end plate 24 is provided with a circular pipe for introducing or sending a dilute solution, a refrigerant vapor, a concentrated solution or cooling water into the end plate 24 in communication with each flow path inside the absorber.
[0028]
The configuration of each plate will be specifically described. First, the plate 21 is provided with the dilute solution flow path 13, the absorption flow paths 14a and 14b, and the branch refrigerant vapor flow path 15 communicating with the absorption flow path 14a or 14b. Furthermore, when the plates are stacked and integrated, through holes 31a and 31b that form the header portion of the concentrated solution and through holes 32a and 32b that form the header portion of the cooling water are provided.
[0029]
In addition, the plate 22 serving as a partition wall when performing heat exchange has through-holes 41a and 41b that form header portions of concentrated solution and through holes that form header portions of cooling water when the plates are laminated and integrated. Holes 42a and 42b, through holes 43a and 43b that form a header portion of the diluted solution, through holes 44a and 44b that form the header portion of the mixed flow of the diluted solution and the refrigerant vapor, and through holes that form the header portion of the branched refrigerant vapor A hole 45 is provided.
[0030]
Further, the plate 23 has a concentrated solution flow path 16 at a position facing the absorption flow path 14b at a position facing the dilute solution flow path 13 and the absorption flow path 14a of the plate 21 via a plate 22 serving as a partition wall. A cooling water channel 17 is provided. Similarly, in the plate 23, when the plates are laminated and integrated, the through holes 53a and 53b that form the header portion of the diluted solution, and the through hole 54a that forms the header portion of the mixed flow of the diluted solution and the refrigerant vapor. And 54b, a through hole 55 is formed which forms a header portion of the branched refrigerant vapor.
[0031]
These absorbers 21, 22, 23, and 22 are sequentially stacked to form one set, and a plurality of sets are stacked and integrated to form one absorber. For example, diffusion welding or brazing is used as a method for integrally joining the plates. In diffusion welding, the temperature is raised to a temperature slightly lower than the melting point of the base material of the plate in a vacuum and the pressure is applied, and the plates are integrated by diffusion of the plate material. Brazing is a method in which a brazing material having a melting point lower than that of the base material of the plate is attached to all the joining surfaces, the temperature is raised to the melting point of the brazing material in a vacuum or an inert atmosphere, and only the brazing material is melted and integrated. It is.
[0032]
Next, the operation of the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
[0033]
In the absorption heat pump apparatus, the dilute solution sent from the gas-liquid separator flows into the absorber from the dilute solution introducing portion 63a, and passes through the through holes 43a and 53a to dilute solution flow path 13 of each plate 21. Sent to. Here, the dilute solution is subjected to heat exchange through the concentrated solution that has passed through the absorption heat recovery section flowing through the concentrated solution flow path 16 of the plate 23 and the plate 22 serving as a partition wall, and the sensible heat is given to the concentrated solution to lower the temperature. To do.
[0034]
The diluted solution that has finished heat recovery to the concentrated solution is sent out of the absorber from the diluted solution delivery unit 63b via the through holes 53b and 43b. The dilute solution is decompressed by the decompression unit 8 made of, for example, a capillary tube, and then flows into the absorber again from the absorber introduction unit 64a together with the refrigerant vapor sent from the evaporator, and passes through the through holes 44a and 54a. Then, it is sent to the absorption channel 14 a of each plate 21. Here, the dilute solution absorbs the refrigerant vapor, and the absorbed heat generated at that time is collected into the concentrated solution flowing through the concentrated solution flow path 16 of the plate 23.
[0035]
This concentrated solution is sent from the concentrated solution introduction part 61a to the inside of the absorber by a solution pump, and sent to the concentrated solution flow path 16 of each plate 23 via the through holes 31a and 41a. The concentrated solution collects the absorption heat of the refrigerant vapor into the diluted solution, collects the sensible heat of the diluted solution, and is sent from the concentrated solution delivery unit 61b to the outside of the absorber via the through holes 41b and 31b. Sent to the generator.
[0036]
On the other hand, a part of the refrigerant vapor from the previously branched evaporator flows into the absorber from the branched refrigerant vapor introducing portion 65 and passes through the through-holes 45 and 55 and the branched refrigerant vapor channel 15 provided in the plate 21. Then, it flows into the absorption channel 14a or 14b. The mixed flow of the dilute solution and the refrigerant vapor that has recovered the absorption heat in the absorption flow path 14a and has absorbed to some extent is mixed with the branched refrigerant vapor, and the generated heat is used as the cooling water flow path 17 of the plate 23. Dissipate heat to the cooling water flowing through. The concentrated solution having a high refrigerant concentration thus obtained is sent out of the absorber through the through holes 54b and 44b from the absorber delivery section 64b and sent to the solution pump.
[0037]
The cooling water is sent from the cooling water introduction part 62a to the inside of the absorber, and is sent to the cooling water flow path 17 of each plate 23 via the through holes 32a and 42a. This cooling water receives the heat of absorption of the refrigerant vapor into the dilute solution, and is sent out of the absorber from the cooling water sending part 62b via the through holes 42b and 32b.
[0038]
In this way, the absorber is constituted by a so-called laminated heat exchanger in which a large number of plates 21 and 23 provided with flow paths and a plate 22 serving as a partition are laminated and integrated, and the absorption heat is recovered. By configuring the solution flow path 16 and the cooling water flow path 17 for radiating heat on the same plate 23, the absorber that enables high efficiency can be reduced in size and weight, and the internal volume can be reduced. it can. Therefore, it is possible to provide an absorption heat pump device that is small, lightweight, and excellent in safety.
[0039]
Further, the refrigerant vapor having a volume flow larger than that of the dilute solution is branched into at least two before flowing into the absorber, and one refrigerant vapor is caused to flow into the absorption flow path 14a together with the dilute solution as in the prior art. The refrigerant vapor is allowed to flow into the absorption channel 14b after the absorption of the refrigerant vapor into the dilute solution proceeds to some extent. Therefore, the pressure loss in the absorption channels 14a and 14b is reduced, and the pressure at the absorber outlet, that is, the absorber delivery section 64b is secured, so that the concentration of the concentrated solution can be sufficiently obtained, and the absorption heat pump as a whole Stable ability is obtained.
[0040]
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a solution heat exchanging unit 11 that performs heat recovery from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution, an absorption heat recovery unit 12 that absorbs heat to a concentrated solution, and a heat dissipation unit 130 that absorbs heat to cooling water. By constructing integrally, the conventional solution heat exchanger and the absorber equipped with the absorption heat recovery unit can be integrated. Therefore, the heat exchanger required for high cycle efficiency can be reduced in size, weight, and cost, and an absorption heat pump device that is practical and safe can be provided.
[0041]
Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a high-efficiency and high-reliability absorption heat pump apparatus that includes a small, light, and high-performance absorber.
[0042]
In this embodiment, the dilute solution and the refrigerant vapor are mixed and then flowed into the absorber 7. However, the dilute solution and the refrigerant vapor are independently flowed into the absorber, It is good also as a flow-path structure which is made to mix by.
[0043]
In addition, the dilute solution in which the sensible heat is recovered in the concentrated solution is decompressed by the decompression unit 8 outside the absorber and then flows again into the absorber. By providing the portion, it is easy to adopt a flow path configuration in which the decompression portion 8 is integrally provided inside the absorber 7.
[0044]
Further, the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator 6 is branched into two, and flows into the absorption flow path 14a from the absorber introduction part 64a and into the absorption flow path 14b from the branch refrigerant vapor introduction part 65, respectively. Accordingly, the flow path structure may be divided into three or more and flow from the middle of the absorption flow path 14a or 14b.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the absorption heat pump device according to the present invention can provide a high-efficiency and high-reliability absorption heat pump device including a small, lightweight, and high-performance absorber.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an absorption heat pump apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an absorber used in the absorption heat pump apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Absorption heat pump configuration diagram [Explanation of symbols]
2 Generator 4 Condenser 6 Evaporator 7 Absorbers 14a and 14b Absorption channel 16 Concentrated solution channel 17 Cooling water channel

Claims (3)

In an absorption heat pump apparatus having at least a generator, a condenser, an evaporator, and an absorber, the absorber is a plate A in which an absorption channel serving as a channel of a mixed flow of refrigerant vapor and dilute solution is formed in a slit shape. And a structure in which a plurality of sets of a plate B, which is a partition wall, and a plate C in which a concentrated solution channel and a cooling water channel are formed in a slit shape at a position facing the absorption channel via the partition wall are laminated and integrated An absorption heat pump device comprising: In an absorption heat pump apparatus having at least a generator, a condenser, an evaporator, and an absorber, the absorber is a plate A in which an absorption channel serving as a channel of a mixed flow of refrigerant vapor and dilute solution is formed in a slit shape. And a structure in which a plurality of sets of a plate B, which is a partition wall, and a plate C in which a concentrated solution channel and a cooling water channel are formed in a slit shape at a position facing the absorption channel via the partition wall are laminated and integrated And a branch refrigerant vapor passage communicating with the absorption flow path is provided so that a part of the refrigerant vapor flows in from the middle of the absorption flow path. In an absorption heat pump device having at least a generator, a condenser, an evaporator, and an absorber, the absorber slits a dilute solution flow channel and an absorption flow channel serving as a mixed flow channel of refrigerant vapor and dilute solution. Plate A formed in the shape of a plate, plate B serving as a partition, a concentrated solution channel at a position facing a part of the diluted solution channel and the absorption channel via the partition, An absorption heat pump apparatus characterized by having a structure in which a plurality of sets of plates C each having a cooling water flow path formed in a slit shape at a position facing the remaining part are laminated and integrated.

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