JP3652115B2 - Clay ground mud and dust prevention and drainage improving material and its construction method - Google Patents
Clay ground mud and dust prevention and drainage improving material and its construction method Download PDFInfo
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は表面活性処理を施した繊維状物質を配合した泥濘化及び砂塵防止並びに排水性改良資材及び施工方法
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来の泥濘化防止対策は、使用されたグランドの表層土約３０ｃｍをはぎ取り、建設残土として捨て、新しく山を崩してマサ土を運び込み、客土をして、整地し、振動ローラーでとにかく締め固めて、泥濘化防止を計っていた。そして、砂塵防止は、塩化カルシューム等、大量にまくことで対処していたが、それでも、降雨により泥濘化し、晴天が続くと砂塵が立ちこめ、近隣の苦情が絶えなかった。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しょうとする課題】
従来技術のように客土すると、建設残土として処分する必要が生じ、又、採土による緑地破壊の問題があった。泥濘化を防ぐため、硬くしめ固められたグランドは、クッション性なく、児童・スポーツマンがよく捻挫する欠点があった。砂塵防止のためには、食塩（塩化ナトリウム）・塩化カルシューム等が大量にグランドに播かれ、一度の降雨で殆ど流亡し、河川湖沼を富栄養化する欠点があった。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、表面活性処理を施した繊維状物質を、土に配合した泥濘化防止及び防塵防止用資材及び施工方法を提供する。
【０００５】
すなわち、本発明は、下記の泥濘化防止及び防塵防止並びに排水性改良資材及びその施工方法を提供するものである。
１．表面活性処理物質と、該表面活性処理物質により活性処理が施された繊維状物質とを含み、前記表面活性処理物質は、陽イオン置換容量５０ｍｅｑ／１００ｇ以上である粘土、シルト、活性炭粉末、珪藻土及び鹿沼土から選ばれる１種以上のものであることを特徴とするクレーグランド用の泥濘化及び砂塵防止並びに排水性改良資材。
なお、表面活性処理物質は、陽イオン置換容量５０ｍｅｑ／１００ｇ以上である物質を１％以上７０％以下含んでいるのが好ましい。また、陽イオン置換容量５０ｍｅｑ／１００ｇ以上である物質は、粘土、シルト、活性炭粉末、珪藻土及び鹿沼土から選ばれる１種以上のものを１％以上７０％以下含んでいるのが好ましい。
２．前記表面活性処理物質は、粒子直径が、０．１μｍ以上３５０μｍ以下のものを２５％以上含むことを特徴とする１記載のクレーグランド用の泥濘化及び砂塵防止並びに排水性改良資材。
３．表面活性処理物質と、該表面活性処理物質により活性処理が施された繊維状物質とを含み、前記表面活性処理物質が、自体積の３０倍以上の体積の水を吸う、吸水性ポリマー、アクリル系高分子剤、アクリル共重合体及び架橋アクリルポリマーから選ばれる１種以上のものであることを特徴とするクレーグランド用の泥濘化及び砂塵防止並びに排水性改良資材。
なお、表面活性処理物質は、自体積の３０倍以上の体積の水を吸う物質を０．１％以上５０％以下を含んでいるのが好ましい。また、自体積の３０倍以上の体積の水を吸う物質は、吸水性ポリマー、アクリル系高分子剤、アクリル共重合体及び架橋アクリルポリマーから選ばれる１種以上のもの０．０１％以上１０％以下含有しているのが好ましい。
４．前記表面活性処理物質は、粒子直径が、５０μｍ以上５０００μｍ以下のものを３５％以上含むことを特徴とする３記載のクレーグランド用の泥濘化及び砂塵防止並びに排水性改良資材。
５．表面活性処理物質と、該表面活性処理物質により活性処理が施された繊維状物質とを含み、表面活性処理物質は、陽イオン置換容量５０ｍｅｑ／１００ｇ以上である粘土、シルト、活性炭粉末、珪藻土及び鹿沼土から選ばれる１種以上のものと、自体積の３０倍以上の体積の水を吸う、吸水性ポリマー、アクリル系高分子剤、アクリル共重合体及び架橋アクリルポリマーから選ばれる１種以上のものと、からなることを特徴とするクレーグランド用の泥濘化及び砂塵防止並びに排水性改良資材。
６．繊維状物質が、ヒノキ、スギ、ヒバ若しくはユーカリの樹皮又はヤシガラの粉砕品で、繊維長が５ｍｍ以下のものを１０％以上含むものである１〜５のいずれかに記載のクレーグランド用の泥濘化及び砂塵防止並びに排水性改良資材。
７．１〜６のいずれかに記載のクレーグランド用の泥濘化及び砂塵防止並びに排水性改良資材を、表層土０〜３０ｃｍの土に、１０〜６０％混合することを特徴とするクレーグランドの泥濘化及び砂塵防止並びに排水性改良施工方法。
８．１〜６のいずれかに記載のクレーグランド用の泥濘化及び砂塵防止並びに排水性改良資材を、表層土０〜３０ｃｍの土に、１０〜６０％混合した後、臨界関係湿度３５％以下であるものとして、塩化マグネシューム、塩化カルシューム、工業用塩化ナトリューム、酢酸カルシューム及び尿素から選ばれる１種以上のものを１ｍ２当たり３０〜２０００ｇ散布することを特徴とするクレーグランドの泥濘化及び砂塵防止・排水性改良施工方法。
９．１〜６のいずれかに記載のクレーグランド用の泥濘化及び砂塵防止並びに排水性改良資材を、表層土０〜３０ｃｍの土に、１０〜６０％混合した後、臨界関係湿度３５％以下であるものとして、塩化マグネシューム、塩化カルシューム、工業用塩化ナトリューム、酢酸カルシューム及び尿素から選ばれる１種以上のものを１ｍ２当たり３０〜２０００ｇ散布し、更に自体積の３０倍以上の体積の水を吸う物質を０．１％以上５０％以下含む表面活性処理物質を１ｍ２当たり１０〜７５０ｇ散布することを特徴とするクレーグランドの泥濘化及び砂塵防止・排水性改良施工方法。
１０．グランド表層土に、５０μｍ以下粒子径のもの２０％以上含む粘性土を１ｍ２当たり１〜３０リットル混合することを特徴とする請求項１０記載のクレーグランドの泥濘化及び砂塵防止並びに排水性改良施工方法。
【０００６】
表面活性処理物質としては、陽イオン置換容量が大きなものほど望ましく、望ましくは５０ｍｅｑ／１００ｇ以上のものである。又、粒子径は小さいもの程望ましい。細粒にするにはコストがかかるものもあり、特に粉砕して得るものは、望ましくは、直径５ｍｍ以下に粉砕する。粒状炭の粉、鹿沼土のふるい下等、製品として使用出来ない微粉は特に好ましく、小さい程、表面活性能力が出る。よって、これらはふるい分けし、ふるい下に副産物として発生したものが、そのまま使える利点がある。
【０００７】
スギ・ヒノキ樹皮を粉砕し、用途によりその大きさを変え、表面活性処理物を加え、よく混合し、繊維表面に表面活性処理物を固定させる。表面活性処理物質が、自体積の３０倍以上の体積の水を吸う物質として、合成アクリル・ポリアクリルアミド・架橋状アクリルポリマー等、保水能力の強いポリアクリル系合成品が用いられる。これらも粒子径は細かい程望ましい。
【０００８】
スギ・ヒノキ・ヒバ・ユーカリの樹皮及びヤシガラを粉砕した繊維は、表面活性能力が殆どなく、保水能力がなく、塩化カルシューム等の保湿剤を表層土に保持することが出来ず、防塵防止効果に劣る欠点を改良することが出来た。
【０００９】
粘性土は、５０μｍ以下の微粒子の含有量により、その特性は大きく変わり、２０％以上含むことが望ましい。このように、粘土・シルト分に当る微粒子を多く含むものは、採石場・石の研磨作業場・洗い砂作業所・土木工事現場等から大量に発生するがその用途はなく、建設残土・産業廃棄物となっていた。そのものを、有効活用出来るそのメリットは大きい。
【００１０】
【作用】
クレー（自然土）グランドの最大の欠点は、降雨後の泥濘化が激しく、降雨後のグランドの使用が出来ず、仮に、使用してもぬかるみになり、満足なプレーが出来ず、その上、怪我を起す危険度が高かった。本発明による施工を行なうと、土壌の安定性が増す。その上、塩化カルシューム等の保湿剤を土グランド表面に固定させることが出来、より砂塵防止効果を高めた。本発明により、この難問題の解決が出来、併せて、防塵防止及び排水性を改良することが出来る資材を提供し、施工法を完成した。本発明によるものは、１００％天然品で、産業廃棄物となっていたものを有効活用するものである。その上、上記の効能が長年月維持出来、安価に環境を汚さない施工が可能となった。
【００１１】
＜実施例１＞繊維長５ｍｍ以下２８％含むヒノキ樹皮粉砕品に、粒子径０．１μｍ以上３５０μｍ以下のもの５６．５％含む木材燃焼灰５％加え、よく混合し、樹皮表面処理を行い、そのものを、クレーグランド表層土に３５％加え、よく混合し、整地し、塩化カルシュームを１ｍ２当たり１５０ｇ均一にまき、ＮＳサンドを１ｍ２当たり２リットルまき、整地する。
【００１２】
＜実施例２＞繊維長５ｍｍ以下１７％含むスギ樹皮粉砕品に、粒子径０．１μｍ以上３５０μｍ以下のもの４８％含む珪藻土３％加え、よく混合し、樹皮表面処理を行い、そのものをクレーグランド表層土に２０％加え、よく混合し整地し、酢酸カルシュームを１ｍ２当り２００ｇ均一にまき、ＮＳサンドを１ｍ２当り１０リットルまき整地する。
【００１３】
＜実施例３＞繊維長５ｍｍ以下２３％含むスギ樹皮粉砕品に、粒子径０．１μｍ以上３５０μｍ以下のもの６１．５％含む鹿沼土を２５％加え、よく混合し、樹皮表面処理を行い、その物をクレーグランド表層土に２５％加え、よく混合し、整地し、尿素を１ｍ２当り５０ｇ均一にまき、砂を１ｍ２当り５リットルまき、整地する。
【００１４】
＜実施例４＞繊維長５ｍｍ以下５７％含むスギ樹皮粉砕品に、粒子径０．１μｍ以上３５０μｍ以下のもの７３．７％含む粘土を１２．５％を加え、よく混合し、樹皮表面処理を行い、そのものをクレーグランド表層土に４０％加え、よく混合し、整地し、塩化マグネシュームを１ｍ２当り８５ｇまき、整地する。
【００１５】
＜実施例５＞１ｍ２当り５０μｍ以下の粒子径を３５％含む粘性土１７リットルをグランド表面に広げ繊維長５ｍｍ以下３３．６％含むスギ樹皮粉砕品に、粒子径０．１μｍ以上３５０μｍ以下のもの９５．４％含む下水汚泥焼却灰７．５％を加え、よく混合し、樹皮表面処理を行い、そのものを土グランンド表層土に２５％加え、よく混合し、整地する。塩化カルシュームを１ｍ２当り１００ｇ、粗砂を３リットルまき、整地する。
【００１６】
＜対照＞（従来工法）
クレーグランドの表層土を、深さ３０ｃｍに掘り、残土として捨て、新しく微分カットした山土を搬入し、整地し、転圧口をかけ、塩化カルシュームを１ｍ２当り２ｋｇまく。
【００１７】
【発明の効果】
本発明は以上説明したように構成されているので、次に記載するような効果を奏する。
【００１８】
【表１】
＜測定方法＞
人工降雨を８７ｍｍ降らした後、接地面積２００ｃｍ２に１００ｋｇの荷重を、１分間に１回の割りで１０回かけ、沈下する深さを測定し、沈下深さを泥濘化の目安とした。
【００２０】
【表２】
＜測定方法＞
人工送風機で風速を変え、３０分間所定の風速にさらし、試料砂の飛砂量を求め、砂塵防止効果の目安とした。
【００２２】
【表３】
【表４】
＜測定方法＞
ブロクターニードル貫入抵抗試験法により測定、クッション性の指標とした。
【００２５】
【表５】
＜測定方法＞
表層土１ｃｍを採土して、塩濃度を測定し、砂塵防止作用の目安とした。
【００２７】
〈考察〉本発明によるものは、泥濘化防止及び砂塵防止効果に顕著に優れた。又、排水性及びクッション性にも優れ、雨後の使用にも耐え、クッション性に優れた健康的なクレーグランドを提供する。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to muddying and dust prevention and drainage improving material and construction method containing a fibrous material subjected to surface activation treatment.
[Prior art]
The conventional anti-mudging measures are to strip approximately 30cm of the used ground surface soil, throw it away as construction surplus soil, crush a new mountain, carry masa soil, make the soil, level the ground, and compact it with a vibrating roller. In order to prevent mudification. Dust prevention was dealt with by spraying a large amount such as calcium chloride, but it still became muddy due to rain, and when fine weather continued, dust was trapped and complaints in the neighborhood were constant.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
If the soil is used as in the prior art, it will be necessary to dispose of it as construction surplus soil, and there has been a problem of destruction of the green space due to soil extraction. The ground that has been hardened and solidified to prevent mudging has a disadvantage that it is not cushioned and often sprained by children and sportsmen. In order to prevent dust, a large amount of salt (sodium chloride), calcium chloride, etc. was sown on the ground, and it was almost washed away by a single rain, resulting in eutrophication of rivers and lakes.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a material for preventing mudification and preventing dust and a construction method are provided in which a fibrous material subjected to surface activation treatment is blended in soil.
[0005]
That is, this invention provides the following mudification prevention, dust prevention, drainage improvement material, and its construction method.
1. A surface active treatment substance, and a fibrous substance that has been activated by the surface active treatment substance. The surface active treatment substance comprises clay, silt, activated carbon powder, diatomaceous earth having a cation substitution capacity of 50 meq / 100 g or more. And one or more materials selected from Kanuma soil, a mud and clay dust prevention and drainage improving material for clay grounds.
In addition, it is preferable that the surface active treatment substance contains 1% or more and 70% or less of a substance having a cation substitution capacity of 50 meq / 100 g or more. The substance having a cation substitution capacity of 50 meq / 100 g or more preferably contains 1% or more and 70% or less of one or more selected from clay, silt, activated carbon powder, diatomaceous earth and Kanuma earth.
2. The surface active treatment agent, the particle diameter, mud reduction and dust prevention and drainage improving material for clay ground 1, wherein the including those 0.1μm over 350μm or less than 25%.
3. A water-absorbing polymer, an acrylic, comprising a surface-active substance and a fibrous substance that has been activated by the surface-active substance, wherein the surface-active substance absorbs water having a volume of 30 times or more of its own volume. A muddy and sand prevention and drainage improving material for clay ground, characterized in that it is at least one selected from a polymer-based polymer, an acrylic copolymer and a cross-linked acrylic polymer.
In addition, it is preferable that the surface active treatment substance contains 0.1% or more and 50% or less of a substance that absorbs water whose volume is 30 times or more of its own volume. Further, the substance that absorbs water having a volume of 30 times or more of its own volume is at least one selected from a water-absorbing polymer, an acrylic polymer agent, an acrylic copolymer, and a crosslinked acrylic polymer. It is preferable to contain the following.
4). The surface active treatment agent, the particle diameter, mud reduction and dust prevention and drainage improving material for clay ground 3, wherein the including those 50μm or more 5000μm or less than 35%.
5. A surface active treatment material, and a fibrous material subjected to an active treatment with the surface active treatment material. The surface active treatment material comprises clay, silt, activated carbon powder, diatomaceous earth, and a cation substitution capacity of 50 meq / 100 g or more. One or more selected from Kanuma soil and one or more selected from a water-absorbing polymer, an acrylic polymer, an acrylic copolymer, and a cross-linked acrylic polymer that absorbs 30 times or more of the water of its own volume. A material for muddying and preventing sand dust and improving drainage, characterized by comprising:
6). The clay material for clay ground according to any one of 1 to 5 , wherein the fibrous material is a pulverized product of cypress , cedar , hiba or eucalyptus bark or coconut shell, and the fiber length is 5 mm or less and contains 10% or more. Dust prevention and drainage improvement material.
A clay ground for clay ground according to any one of 7.1 to 6 is mixed with 10 to 60% of surface soil 0 to 30 cm of soil and sand prevention and drainage improving material . Muddying and dust prevention and drainage improvement construction method.
8. After mixing 10 to 60% of the clay ground for mud and sand prevention and drainage improving material for clay ground according to any one of 8.1 to 6 in soil of surface soil 0 to 30 cm, critical relation humidity 35% or less as it is, Maguneshumu chloride, Improvement of a Saline chloride, industrial chloride Natoryumu, muddy reduction and dust prevention of clay ground, characterized in that one or more of the selected from acetate Improvement of a Saline and urea sprayed 30~2000g per 1 m 2・ Drainage improvement construction method.
After mixing 10 to 60% of clay soil for preventing clay dust and preventing dust and drainage improving material according to any one of 9.1 to 6 in soil of surface soil 0 to 30 cm, critical relation humidity 35% or less as it is, Maguneshumu chloride, Improvement of a Saline chloride, industrial chloride Natoryumu, the one or more members selected from acetate Improvement of a Saline and urea 1 m 2 per then 30~2000g spraying, further more than 30 times the volume of water of its own volume A clay ground siltation and sand dust prevention / drainage improvement construction method characterized by spraying 10 to 750 g of surface active treatment substance containing 0.1% to 50% of a sucking substance per 1 m 2 .
10. The ground surface soil, mud reduction and dust prevention and drainage improvement construction of clay ground of claim 10, wherein the to 1-30 liters mixed per 1 m 2 of viscous soil containing 20% or more as a particle size below 50μm Method.
[0006]
As the surface active treatment substance, a substance having a larger cation substitution capacity is more desirable, and is preferably 50 meq / 100 g or more. Also, the smaller the particle size, the better. Some fine particles are expensive, and particularly those obtained by pulverization are desirably pulverized to a diameter of 5 mm or less. Fine powders that cannot be used as products, such as granular charcoal powder and under Kanuma soil sieve, are particularly preferred. Therefore, there is an advantage that these are sifted out and those generated as by-products under the sieve can be used as they are.
[0007]
The cedar and cypress bark is crushed, the size is changed depending on the application, and a surface-active treatment product is added and mixed well to fix the surface-active treatment product to the fiber surface. Polyacrylic synthetic products having a strong water retention capability such as synthetic acrylic, polyacrylamide, and cross-linked acrylic polymer are used as the surface active treatment material that absorbs water having a volume 30 times or more of its own volume . In these cases, the finer the particle size, the better.
[0008]
The fibers of cedar, cypress, hiba, and eucalyptus bark and coconut husks have almost no surface activity, no water retention ability, and cannot retain moisturizing agents such as calcium chloride on the surface soil. The inferior defect could be improved.
[0009]
The characteristics of the viscous soil vary greatly depending on the content of fine particles of 50 μm or less, and it is desirable to contain 20% or more. In this way, a large amount of fine particles corresponding to clay and silt are generated in large quantities from quarries, stone polishing workshops, washing sand works, civil engineering works, etc. It was a thing. The merit of being able to use it effectively is great.
[0010]
[Action]
The biggest drawback of clay (natural soil) ground is that the mudging after raining is severe, the ground after raining can not be used, even if it is used, it becomes muddy and you can not play satisfactorily, The risk of injury was high. When the construction according to the present invention is performed, the stability of the soil increases. In addition, moisturizing agents such as calcium chloride can be fixed to the surface of the soil ground, further improving the dust prevention effect. According to the present invention, this difficult problem can be solved, and at the same time, a material capable of preventing dust prevention and improving drainage is provided, and the construction method is completed. According to the present invention, a 100% natural product that has become industrial waste is effectively used. In addition, the above-mentioned effects could be maintained for many years, and construction that did not pollute the environment at low cost became possible.
[0011]
<Example 1> To a hinoki bark pulverized product containing fiber length 5 mm or less 28%, 5% wood burned ash containing 56.5% having a particle size of 0.1 μm or more and 350 μm or less, mixed well, and subjected to bark surface treatment, Add itself 35% to the clay ground soil, mix well, level the surface, spread 150 g of calcium chloride uniformly per 1 m 2 , spread 2 liters of NS sand per 1 m 2 and level .
[0012]
<Example 2> A cedar bark crushed product containing fiber length of 5 mm or less and 17%, diatomaceous earth containing 3% of particles having a particle size of 0.1 μm or more and 350 μm or less and 3% of diatomaceous earth are mixed well, and bark surface treatment is performed. Add 20% to the surface soil, mix well, level the ground, spread 200 g of calcium acetate uniformly per m 2 , and level 10 liters of NS sand per m 2 .
[0013]
<Example 3> To a cedar bark crushed product containing a fiber length of 5 mm or less and 23%, 25% of Kanuma soil containing 61.5% of a particle size of 0.1 μm or more and 350 μm or less is added, mixed well, and subjected to bark surface treatment. itself was added 25% clay ground surface soil, mixed well, leveling and seeded urea to 1 m 2 per 50g uniform, sand 1 m 2 per 5 liters sown and leveling.
[0014]
<Example 4> To a cedar bark pulverized product containing a fiber length of 5 mm or less and 57%, 12.5% of a clay containing 73.7% of a particle size of 0.1 μm or more and 350 μm or less is added and mixed well to perform bark surface treatment. 40% is added to the clay ground soil, mixed well, leveled, and 85 g of methylene chloride per 1 m 2 is ground and leveled.
[0015]
<Example 5> A cedar bark pulverized product containing 17 liters of viscous soil containing 35% of a particle size of 50 μm or less per 1 m 2 on the ground surface and containing a fiber length of 5 mm or less and 33.6% has a particle size of 0.1 μm or more and 350 μm or less. Add 7.5% of the sewage sludge incineration ash containing 95.4% of the sewage, mix well, perform bark surface treatment, add 25% of the soil ground soil, mix well, and level. 3 liters plated chloride Improvement of a Saline 1 m 2 per 100 g, the coarse sand and ground leveling.
[0016]
<Control> (Conventional method)
Clay ground surface soil is dug to a depth of 30 cm, discarded as residual soil, newly differentiated mountain soil is carried in, leveled, rolled, and 2 kg per 1 m 2 of calcium chloride is sprinkled.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
[0018]
[Table 1]
<Measurement method>
After 87 mm of artificial rain, a load of 100 kg was applied to a contact area of 200 cm 2 10 times per minute, the depth of sinking was measured, and the sinking depth was used as a measure of mud formation.
[0020]
[Table 2]
<Measurement method>
The wind speed was changed with an artificial air blower and exposed to a predetermined wind speed for 30 minutes to determine the amount of sand flying from the sample sand, which was used as a measure of the dust prevention effect.
[0022]
[Table 3]
[Table 4]
<Measurement method>
It was measured by the Brocker needle penetration resistance test method and used as an index of cushioning properties.
[0025]
[Table 5]
<Measurement method>
1 cm of the surface soil was sampled and the salt concentration was measured, which was used as a measure of the dust prevention effect.
[0027]
<Discussion> The present invention was remarkably excellent in the effect of preventing mudification and preventing dust. In addition, the present invention provides a healthy clay ground that has excellent drainage and cushioning properties, can withstand use after rain, and has excellent cushioning properties.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14500198A JP3652115B2 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 1998-04-16 | Clay ground mud and dust prevention and drainage improving material and its construction method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14500198A JP3652115B2 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 1998-04-16 | Clay ground mud and dust prevention and drainage improving material and its construction method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11303057A JPH11303057A (en) | 1999-11-02 |
| JP3652115B2 true JP3652115B2 (en) | 2005-05-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| JP14500198A Expired - Fee Related JP3652115B2 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 1998-04-16 | Clay ground mud and dust prevention and drainage improving material and its construction method |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002069972A (en) * | 2000-08-28 | 2002-03-08 | Moriaki Nakamura | Ground adhesion member |
| JP2006314866A (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-24 | Mebiol Kk | Wetting agent and its application method |
| CZ299408B6 (en) * | 2006-05-09 | 2008-07-16 | Friedl@František | Sports grounds surface |
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