JP3653399B2 - Hydrogen storage alloy electrode and metal-hydride alkaline storage battery using the same - Google Patents
Hydrogen storage alloy electrode and metal-hydride alkaline storage battery using the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP3653399B2 JP3653399B2 JP26994598A JP26994598A JP3653399B2 JP 3653399 B2 JP3653399 B2 JP 3653399B2 JP 26994598 A JP26994598 A JP 26994598A JP 26994598 A JP26994598 A JP 26994598A JP 3653399 B2 JP3653399 B2 JP 3653399B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- metal
- hydrogen storage
- storage alloy
- antimony
- Prior art date
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 65
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 64
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 64
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 60
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 12
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 12
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000487 osmium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxogermanium Chemical compound [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JIWAALDUIFCBLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoosmium Chemical compound [Os]=O JIWAALDUIFCBLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HBEQXAKJSGXAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxopalladium Chemical compound [Pd]=O HBEQXAKJSGXAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- DYIZHKNUQPHNJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxorhenium Chemical compound [Re]=O DYIZHKNUQPHNJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- SJLOMQIUPFZJAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxorhodium Chemical compound [Rh]=O SJLOMQIUPFZJAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WKMKTIVRRLOHAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);thallium(1+) Chemical compound [O-2].[Tl+].[Tl+] WKMKTIVRRLOHAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003445 palladium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003449 rhenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003450 rhodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium oxide Chemical compound O=[Sc]O[Sc]=O HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Se]=O JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003438 thallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 150000001463 antimony compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimony trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)Cl FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Substances CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 phosphoric acid compound Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Metaphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018007 MmNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010389 TiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940005657 pyrophosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004247 CaCu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019083 Mg-Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019403 Mg—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010340 TiFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical class [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011212 Ti—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008340 ZrNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003126 Zr–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940058905 antimony compound for treatment of leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IOUCSUBTZWXKTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium;dioxido(oxo)tin Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O IOUCSUBTZWXKTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVQLLNFANZSCGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;dioxido(oxo)tin Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O TVQLLNFANZSCGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940079864 sodium stannate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940071182 stannate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005402 stannate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FAKFSJNVVCGEEI-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O FAKFSJNVVCGEEI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- YQMWDQQWGKVOSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinitrooxystannyl nitrate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YQMWDQQWGKVOSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、水素吸蔵合金粉末を主体とする負極活物質を含む水素吸蔵合金電極、及びこの水素吸蔵合金電極と正極とが、アルカリ電解液が含浸されたセパレータを介して電池缶内に配設される金属−水素化物アルカリ蓄電池に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、水素を可逆的に吸蔵,放出することができる水素吸蔵合金の開発が盛んに行われており、斯かる水素吸蔵合金を負極材料として用いる金属−水素化物アルカリ蓄電池が、従来汎用されている鉛蓄電池、ニッケル−カドミウム蓄電池などに比べて、軽量で、且つ、高容量化が可能であるなどの理由から、次世代のアルカリ蓄電池の主流を占めるものとして有望視されている。
【0003】
ここで、上記金属−水素化物アルカリ蓄電池においては、負極である水素吸蔵合金電極内での導電性が良くないという課題がある。そこで、従来より、水素吸蔵合金電極に、金属或いは金属酸化物を導電剤として添加するようなものが提案されている。
しかしながら、このような構成とした場合であっても、導電剤として金属を用いた場合には充放電中に導電剤である金属の一部が酸化され、また導電剤として金属酸化物を用いた場合には元来導電性が不十分であるため、導電剤として十分に機能せず、充放電サイクルを繰り返すにしたがって出力特性が低下する。即ち、充放電サイクルを繰り返すにしたがって深い深度での放電時に分極が大きくなり、放電時の電池電圧が低くなるという課題を有していた。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記従来の課題を考慮してなされたものであって、充放電を繰り返した場合であっても十分な導電性を確保することにより、充放電サイクル経過後であっても出力特性が低下するのを抑えることができる水素吸蔵合金電極及びこれを用いた金属−水素化物アルカリ蓄電池を提供することを目的としている。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明第1の態様の水素吸蔵合金電極は、負極活物質である水素吸蔵合金粉末の表面に導電剤が存在する水素吸蔵合金電極において、上記導電剤として、導電性の被覆層を有し且つ耐アルカリ性で充放電時にも安定な第1の金属酸化物が用いられることを特徴とする。
上記構成であれば、第1の金属酸化物は耐アルカリ性で充放電時にも安定であるため、充放電を繰り返しても電池内で悪影響を及ぼすことがなく、しかも第1の金属酸化物の表面には導電性の被覆層が設けられているので、良好な導電性が得られることになる。
【0006】
また、本発明第2の態様は、上記第1の態様の水素吸蔵合金電極において、前記導電性の被覆層として、アンチモン及び/又はリンがドープされた第2の金属酸化物が用いられることを特徴とする。
このように、アンチモン及び/又はリンがドープされた第2の金属酸化物を導電性の被覆層として用いると、アンチモン等のドープ効果により金属酸化物に十分な導電性を付与することができると共に、導電剤として金属を用いる場合に比べて耐アルカリ性と充放電時における安定性とが発現される。
【0007】
また、本発明第3の態様は、上記第2の態様の水素吸蔵合金電極において、前記第2の金属酸化物として、酸化錫、酸化鉄、酸化アンチモン、酸化インジウム、酸化スカンジウム、酸化イットリウム、酸化ホウ素、酸化ガリウム、酸化タリウム、酸化ゲルマニウム、酸化バナジウム、酸化ニオブ、酸化タンタル、酸化ビスマス、酸化モリブデン、酸化タングステン、酸化セレン、酸化テルル、酸化マンガン、酸化レニウム、酸化コバルト、酸化ニッケル、酸化ルテニウム、酸化ロジウム、酸化パラジウム、酸化オスミウム、酸化イリジウム、及び酸化白金から成る群から選択される少なくとも一種が用いられることを特徴とする。
これら、第2の金属酸化物は導電性やアルカリ溶液中での安定性の観点から選択されたものであり、酸化錫等の上記金属酸化物を用いれば、上記効果が一層発揮される。
【0008】
また、本発明第4の態様は、上記第1、第2又は第3の態様の水素吸蔵合金電極において、前記第1の金属酸化物として、酸化チタン、酸化アルミニウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化マグネシウムから成る群から選択される少なくとも一種が用いられることを特徴とする。
第1の金属酸化物としては上記のものに限定するものではないが、第1の金属酸化物として酸化チタン等を用いれば、上記効果が一層発揮される。
【0009】
また、本発明第5の態様は、上記第1、第2、第3又は第4の態様の水素吸蔵合金電極において、前記水素吸蔵合金に対する前記導電性の被覆層を有する第1の金属酸化物の割合が、0.01〜10重量%に規制されることを特徴とする。
このように規制するのは、導電性の被覆層を有する第1の金属酸化物の割合が0.1重量%未満であれば、添加効果が十分に発揮されないために、電極の導電性が十分に向上しない一方、導電性の被覆層を有する第1の金属酸化物の割合が10重量%を超えると、負極における水素吸蔵合金の割合が減少するため、水素吸蔵量が減少するという理由によるものである。
【0010】
また、上記目的を達成するために、本発明第6の態様にかかる金属−水素化物アルカリ蓄電池は、負極活物質である水素吸蔵合金粉末の表面に導電剤が存在する負極と、正極とが、アルカリ電解液が含浸されたセパレータを介して電池缶内に配設される金属−水素化物アルカリ蓄電池において、上記導電剤として、導電性の被覆層を有し且つ耐アルカリ性で充放電時にも安定な第1の金属酸化物が用いられることを特徴とする。
【0011】
また、本発明第7の態様は、上記第6の態様の水素吸蔵合金電極において、前記導電性の被覆層として、アンチモン及び/又はリンがドープされた第2の金属酸化物が用いられることを特徴とする。
【0012】
また、本発明第8の態様は、上記第7の態様の水素吸蔵合金電極において、前記第2の金属酸化物として、酸化鉄、酸化錫、酸化アンチモン、酸化インジウム、酸化スカンジウム、酸化イットリウム、酸化ホウ素、酸化ガリウム、酸化タリウム、酸化ゲルマニウム、酸化バナジウム、酸化ニオブ、酸化タンタル、酸化ビスマス、酸化モリブデン、酸化タングステン、酸化セレン、酸化テルル、酸化マンガン、酸化レニウム、酸化コバルト、酸化ニッケル、酸化ルテニウム、酸化ロジウム、酸化パラジウム、酸化オスミウム、酸化イリジウム、及び酸化白金から成る群から選択される少なくとも一種が用いられることを特徴とする。
【0013】
また、本発明第9の態様は、上記第6,第7又は第8の態様の水素吸蔵合金電極において、前記第1の金属酸化物として、酸化チタン、酸化アルミニウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化マグネシウムから成る群から選択される少なくとも一種が用いられることを特徴とする。
【0014】
また、本発明第10の態様は、上記第6,第7、第8又は第9の態様の水素吸蔵合金電極において、前記水素吸蔵合金に対する前記導電性の被覆層を有する第1の金属酸化物の割合が、0.01〜10重量%に規制されることを特徴とする。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
先ず、市販のミッシュメタル(Mm;La,Ce,Nd,Pr等の希土類元素の混合物)、ニッケル(Ni)、コバルト(Co)、アルミニウム(Al)、マンガン(Mn)を原材料とし、それぞれが元素比で1:3.2:1.0:0.2:0.6の割合となるように混合した後、高周波誘導加熱溶解炉を用いて1500℃で溶融し、更に溶湯を冷却することにより、組成式MmNi3.2 Co1.0 Al0.2 Mn0.6 で示される水素吸蔵合金鋳塊を作製した。次に、この水素吸蔵合金鋳塊を粉砕することにより、平均粒径が50μmの水素吸蔵合金粉末を得た。
【0016】
これと並行して、粒径が1μmの酸化チタン(TiO2 )と、酸化錫(SnO2 、粒径:0.1μm)と、この酸化錫に対する添加割合が1.0重量%の塩化アンチモン(SbCl3 、粒径:0.1μm)とを均一に混合した後、還元ガス雰囲気(水素ガス雰囲気)の炉内で500℃で1時間加熱するというメカノフュージョン法により、酸化チタンの表面をアンチモンがドープされた酸化錫で覆った。以下、アンチモンがドープされた酸化錫で覆われた酸化チタンを導電剤と称する。また、上記酸化チタンは第1の金属酸化物を構成し、上記酸化錫は第2の金属酸化物を構成する。
【0017】
次いで、前記水素吸蔵合金粉末に、水素吸蔵合金粉末に対する添加割合が1.0重量%の上記導電剤を添加して、混合粉末を作製すると共に、結着剤としてのPEO(ポリエチレンオキサイド)の割合が5重量%の水溶液を、水素吸蔵合金粉末10重量部に対して1重量部を混合して作製した。この後、上記水溶液と上記混合粉末とを混合してペーストを調製した。次に、このペーストを芯体(鉄にニッケルメッキを施したパンチングメタルからなる)に塗着し、更に圧延することにより板状の負極を作製した。
【0018】
しかる後、上記負極と公知の焼結式ニッケル正極とを、ナイロン不織布からなるセパレータを介して巻回して発電要素を作製した後、この発電要素を電池缶内に収納し、更にこの電池缶内に30%のKOHから成る電解液を注入することにより、理論容量が1200mAh(AAサイズ)の電池を作製した。
尚、上記実施の形態では、第1の金属酸化物である酸化チタンの粒径は1μmとしたが、これに限定するものではない。但し、第1の金属酸化物の粒径が1μmを超えると水素吸蔵合金の充填密度が小さくなって、負極の単位体積あたりの水素吸蔵合金量が減少するため、第1の金属酸化物の粒径は1μm以下であることが望ましい。
【0019】
また、上記実施の形態では、塩化アンチモンを用いて酸化錫にアンチモンをドープしているが、これに限定するものではなく、酸化アンチモン等他のアンチモン化合物を用いてドープしても良く、更にドープするものとしてはアンチモンに限定するものではなく、オルトリン酸、メタリン酸、ピロリン酸、トリポリン酸、亜リン酸、或いは次亜リン酸等のリン酸化合物を用いることによりリンをドープしても良い。また、ドープ時の加熱温度は、上記の如く500℃に限定するものではなく、300〜1000℃の範囲であれば円滑にドープされ、また加熱時間も1時間に限定するものではなく、30分〜2時間であれば円滑にドープされる。更に、還元性ガスとしては水素ガスに限定するものではなく、アンモニアガス、一酸化炭素ガスであっても良く、また、ドープする際のガスとしては還元性ガスの他、窒素ガス、アルゴンガス等の不活性ガスを用いることも可能である。
【0020】
更に、アンチモン或いはリンを酸化錫等にドープ際、酸化錫に対する塩化アンチモン等のアンチモン化合物等の添加割合は1.0重量%に限定するものではないが、0.1重量%以上にするのが望ましい。これは、アンチモン化合物等の添加割合が0.1重量%未満であるとドープ効果が十分に発揮されないからである。
【0021】
加えて、酸化錫等の第2の金属酸化物及び塩化アンチモン等のアンチモン化合物或いはリン酸化合物の粒径は前記の如く0.1μmに限定するものではないが、0.2μm以下とするのが望ましい。これは、酸化チタン等の第1の金属酸化物の粒径は上述の如く1μm以下に規制されるため、第2の金属酸化物及びアンチモン化合物等の粒径が0.2μmを超えると、第1の金属酸化物の表面を均一に覆うことができないからである。
【0022】
また、酸化チタンの表面に導電性の被覆層を形成する方法としては上記メカノフュージョン法に限定するものではなく、例えば、以下の方法によっても達成できる。
先ず、酸化チタンの水懸濁液に、塩化第2錫、硫酸錫、或いは硝酸スズ等から成る錫塩、又は錫酸ナトリウム、錫酸カリウムから成る錫酸塩の溶液を添加した後、アンモニア水、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、或いは炭酸アンモニウムから成るアルカリ、又は塩酸、硫酸、硝酸或いは酢酸から成る酸を添加する。次に、これにアンチモン化合物又はリン化合物の水溶液を添加、攪拌した後、処理液を濾過、洗浄し、更に100℃程度で乾燥させる。最後に、650℃の還元性ガス或いは不活性ガス雰囲気中で1時間熱処理することにより酸化チタンの表面に導電性の被覆層を形成することができる。
【0023】
更に、水素吸蔵合金粉末の平均粒径は50μmに限定されるものではないが、10〜70μmの範囲であるのが望ましい。これは、水素吸蔵合金粉末の平均粒径が10μm未満であると水素吸蔵合金粉末の表面に生成する酸化皮膜の割合が相対的に多くなる一方、70μmを超えると負極全体としての水素吸蔵合金粉末の表面積が減少する。これらのことから、水素の吸蔵,放出を円滑に行うことができなくなるという理由によるものである。
【0024】
加えて、本発明に用いられる水素吸蔵合金としては上記希土類系水素吸蔵合金に限定するものではなく、ZrNi等のZr−Ni系水素吸蔵合金、TiFe等のTi−Fe系水素吸蔵合金、ZrMn2 等のZr−Mn系水素吸蔵合金、TiMn1.5 等のTi−Mn系水素吸蔵合金、またはMg2 Ni等のMg−Ni系水素吸蔵合金等を用いることも可能である。
【0025】
また、金属−水素化物アルカリ蓄電池に特に好ましいCaCu5 型の結晶構造を有する水素吸蔵合金は、一般式MmNia Cob Alc Mnd で表される。ここで、この式中におけるMmはLa,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Sc,Y,Pm,Gd,Tb,Gy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Luから選択される希土類元素の混合物であり、特に、La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Smの混合物を主体とするものが好ましく、また、a>0、b>0、c>0、d≧0で、4.4≦a+b+c+d≦5.4である。
【0026】
そして、上記の組成からなる水素吸蔵合金はアルカリ二次電池のサイクル特性や放電特性等の基本性能を満たすことができる。また、上記の水素吸蔵合金における水素を吸蔵する特性を変更しない範囲において、Si,C,W,Bの元素を添加させてもよい。
また好ましくは上記の組成式において、ニッケルの量aを2.8≦a≦5.2、コバルトの量bを0<b≦1.4、アルミニウムの量cを0<c≦1.2、更にマンガンの量dをd≦1.2にすることが好ましい。さらに、電池の容量を高くするためには、アルミニウムの量cをc≦1.0、マンガンの量dをd≦1.0にすることが好ましい。
【0027】
加えて、水素吸蔵合金電極に用いられる芯体としては、上記鉄にニッケルメッキを施したパンチングメタルに限定するものではなく、発泡ニッケル、ニッケル繊維焼結体等を用いることもできる。
【0028】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
実施例1としては、上記発明の実施の形態で示した電池を用いた。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、本発明電池A1と称する。
【0029】
(実施例2〜7)
水素吸蔵合金粉末に対する導電剤(表面に導電性の被覆層を有する酸化チタン)の添加量を、それぞれ0.005重量%、0.01重量%、0.10重量%、5.00重量%、10.00重量%及び15.00重量%とする他は、上記実施例1と同様にして電池を作製した。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、それぞれ本発明電池A2〜A7と称する。
【0030】
(実施例8〜13)
塩化アンチモンを用いて酸化錫にアンチモンををドープするのではなく、それぞれオルトリン酸、メタリン酸、ピロリン酸、トリポリン酸、亜リン酸、及び次亜リン酸を用いて酸化錫にリンをドープする他は、上記実施例1と同様にして電池を作製した。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、それぞれ本発明電池A8〜A13と称する。
【0031】
(比較例)
導電剤(表面に導電性の被覆層を有する酸化チタン)を添加しない他は、実施例1と同様にして電池を作製した。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下比較電池Xと称する。
【0032】
(実験1)
上記本発明電池A1〜A7と比較電池Xとにおいて、下記(1)の条件で200サイクル充放電を行った後、下記(2)の条件で充放電を行い、3C(1200mA)で30秒間放電したときの電池電圧を測定したので、その結果を表1に示す。
充放電条件
(1)充電条件:1C(1200mA)で−ΔVが10mVになるまで充電
放電条件:1C(1200mA)で放電終止電圧が1Vになるまで放電
(2)充電条件:0.1C(120mA)で11時間充電
放電条件:1/3C(400mA)で放電し、DOD(放電深度)が80%に達した際に、3C(3600mA)で30秒間放電
【0033】
【表1】
【0034】
表1から明らかなように、導電剤(表面に導電性の被覆層を有する酸化チタン)が添加された本発明電池A1〜A7は、導電剤が添加されていない比較電池Xに比べて、充放電を200サイクル繰り返した後の3C放電時の電圧が高くなっていることが認められる。これは、導電剤が水素吸蔵合金粉末間に存在することにより、水素吸蔵合金粉末間の接触抵抗が低減して、電極の分極が抑制されると共に、表面に導電性の被覆層が形成された酸化チタンはアルカリ電解液中で安定であるため、充放電サイクル後の深い深度での放電時における電圧が上昇するという理由による。
【0035】
但し、導電剤の添加量が0.005重量%の本発明電池A2及び導電剤の添加量が15.00重量%の本発明電池A7は、導電剤の添加量が0.01〜10.00重量%の本発明電池A1、A3〜A6に比べて3C放電時の電圧が低くなっていることが認められる。これは、導電剤の添加量が0.005重量%の本発明電池A2では、添加効果が十分に発揮されないために、電極の導電性が悪くなる一方、導電剤の添加量が15.00重量%の本発明電池A7では、負極における水素吸蔵合金の割合が減少するため、水素吸蔵量が減少するという理由によるものと考えられる。
【0036】
(実験2)
上記本発明電池A8〜A13において、上記実験1と同様の条件で充放電を行い、3C(1200mA)で30秒間放電したときの電池電圧を測定したので、その結果を表2に示す。
【0037】
【表2】
【0038】
表2から明らかなように、本発明電池A8〜A13では、充放電を200サイクル繰り返した後の3C放電時の電圧が高くなっていることが認められる。
【0039】
また、酸化チタンに被覆する導電性の被覆層として、酸化錫の代わりに酸化アンチモン、酸化鉄、酸化インジウム、酸化スカンジウム、酸化イットリウム、酸化ホウ素、酸化ガリウム、酸化タリウム、酸化ゲルマニウム、酸化バナジウム、酸化ニオブ、酸化タンタル、酸化ビスマス、酸化モリブデン、酸化タングステン、酸化セレン、酸化テルル、酸化マンガン、酸化レニウム、酸化コバルト、酸化ニッケル、酸化ルテニウム、酸化ロジウム、酸化パラジウム、酸化オスミウム、酸化イリジウム及び酸化白金においても同様の導電性向上の効果が得られることを確認している。
【0040】
【発明の効果】
以上で説明したように本発明によれば、充放電を繰り返した場合であっても十分な導電性を確保することにより、充放電サイクル経過後であっても出力特性が低下するのを抑えることができるといった優れた効果を奏する。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a hydrogen storage alloy electrode containing a negative electrode active material mainly composed of hydrogen storage alloy powder, and the hydrogen storage alloy electrode and the positive electrode disposed in a battery can via a separator impregnated with an alkaline electrolyte. Relates to a metal-hydride alkaline storage battery.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, hydrogen storage alloys capable of reversibly storing and releasing hydrogen have been actively developed, and metal-hydride alkaline storage batteries using such hydrogen storage alloys as negative electrode materials have been widely used in the past. Compared to lead storage batteries, nickel-cadmium storage batteries, and the like, they are promising as occupying the mainstream of next-generation alkaline storage batteries because they are lightweight and can be increased in capacity.
[0003]
Here, in the said metal-hydride alkaline storage battery, there exists a subject that the electroconductivity in the hydrogen storage alloy electrode which is a negative electrode is not good. In view of this, conventionally, there has been proposed a method in which a metal or metal oxide is added as a conductive agent to a hydrogen storage alloy electrode.
However, even when such a configuration is used, when a metal is used as the conductive agent, a part of the metal that is the conductive agent is oxidized during charging and discharging, and a metal oxide is used as the conductive agent. In some cases, the conductivity is originally insufficient, so that it does not function sufficiently as a conductive agent, and the output characteristics deteriorate as the charge / discharge cycle is repeated. In other words, as the charge / discharge cycle is repeated, there is a problem that the polarization increases at the time of discharging at a deep depth, and the battery voltage at the time of discharging decreases.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-described conventional problems, and ensures sufficient conductivity even when charging and discharging are repeated, so that output characteristics can be obtained even after a charge / discharge cycle has elapsed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a hydrogen storage alloy electrode capable of suppressing the decrease in the temperature and a metal-hydride alkaline storage battery using the same.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the hydrogen storage alloy electrode according to the first aspect of the present invention is a hydrogen storage alloy electrode in which a conductive agent is present on the surface of a hydrogen storage alloy powder that is a negative electrode active material. The first metal oxide is used, which has a protective coating layer and is alkali-resistant and stable during charge and discharge.
If it is the said structure, since the 1st metal oxide is alkali resistance and stable at the time of charging / discharging, even if it repeats charging / discharging, it will not have a bad influence in a battery, and also the surface of 1st metal oxide Since is provided with a conductive coating layer, good conductivity can be obtained.
[0006]
The second aspect of the present invention is that in the hydrogen storage alloy electrode according to the first aspect, a second metal oxide doped with antimony and / or phosphorus is used as the conductive coating layer. Features.
Thus, when the second metal oxide doped with antimony and / or phosphorus is used as the conductive coating layer, sufficient conductivity can be imparted to the metal oxide by the doping effect of antimony or the like. Moreover, compared with the case where a metal is used as the conductive agent, alkali resistance and stability during charging and discharging are expressed.
[0007]
The third aspect of the present invention is the hydrogen storage alloy electrode according to the second aspect, wherein the second metal oxide is tin oxide, iron oxide, antimony oxide, indium oxide, scandium oxide, yttrium oxide, oxide Boron, gallium oxide, thallium oxide, germanium oxide, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, bismuth oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, selenium oxide, tellurium oxide, manganese oxide, rhenium oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, ruthenium oxide, At least one selected from the group consisting of rhodium oxide, palladium oxide, osmium oxide, iridium oxide, and platinum oxide is used.
These second metal oxides are selected from the viewpoints of conductivity and stability in an alkaline solution, and the above-described effects are further exhibited when the metal oxides such as tin oxide are used.
[0008]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the hydrogen storage alloy electrode according to the first, second, or third aspect, the first metal oxide includes titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, oxidation At least one selected from the group consisting of magnesium is used.
The first metal oxide is not limited to the above-described one, but if the titanium oxide or the like is used as the first metal oxide, the above effect is further exhibited.
[0009]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the hydrogen storage alloy electrode according to the first, second, third, or fourth aspect, the first metal oxide having the conductive coating layer for the hydrogen storage alloy. The ratio is controlled to 0.01 to 10% by weight.
The reason for this restriction is that if the proportion of the first metal oxide having a conductive coating layer is less than 0.1% by weight, the effect of the addition cannot be sufficiently exerted, so that the conductivity of the electrode is sufficient. On the other hand, if the ratio of the first metal oxide having the conductive coating layer exceeds 10% by weight, the ratio of the hydrogen storage alloy in the negative electrode decreases, and therefore the hydrogen storage amount decreases. It is.
[0010]
In order to achieve the above object , the metal-hydride alkaline storage battery according to the sixth aspect of the present invention includes a negative electrode in which a conductive agent is present on the surface of a hydrogen storage alloy powder that is a negative electrode active material, and a positive electrode. In a metal-hydride alkaline storage battery disposed in a battery can via a separator impregnated with an alkaline electrolyte, the conductive agent has a conductive coating layer and is alkali resistant and stable during charge and discharge. A first metal oxide is used.
[0011]
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the hydrogen storage alloy electrode according to the sixth aspect, a second metal oxide doped with antimony and / or phosphorus is used as the conductive coating layer. Features.
[0012]
The eighth aspect of the present invention is the hydrogen storage alloy electrode according to the seventh aspect, wherein the second metal oxide includes iron oxide, tin oxide, antimony oxide, indium oxide, scandium oxide, yttrium oxide, oxide Boron, gallium oxide, thallium oxide, germanium oxide, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, bismuth oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, selenium oxide, tellurium oxide, manganese oxide, rhenium oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, ruthenium oxide, At least one selected from the group consisting of rhodium oxide, palladium oxide, osmium oxide, iridium oxide, and platinum oxide is used.
[0013]
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the hydrogen storage alloy electrode according to the sixth, seventh or eighth aspect, the first metal oxide includes titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, oxidation At least one selected from the group consisting of magnesium is used.
[0014]
According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the hydrogen storage alloy electrode according to the sixth, seventh, eighth, or ninth aspect, the first metal oxide having the conductive coating layer for the hydrogen storage alloy. The ratio is controlled to 0.01 to 10% by weight.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
First, commercially available misch metal (Mm; a mixture of rare earth elements such as La, Ce, Nd, and Pr), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), aluminum (Al), and manganese (Mn) are used as raw materials. After mixing at a ratio of 1: 3.2: 1.0: 0.2: 0.6, the mixture was melted at 1500 ° C. using a high-frequency induction heating melting furnace, and the molten metal was further cooled. A hydrogen storage alloy ingot represented by the composition formula MmNi 3.2 Co 1.0 Al 0.2 Mn 0.6 was produced. Next, the hydrogen storage alloy ingot was pulverized to obtain a hydrogen storage alloy powder having an average particle size of 50 μm.
[0016]
In parallel with this, titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) having a particle size of 1 μm, tin oxide (SnO 2 , particle size: 0.1 μm), and antimony chloride (1.0% by weight) added to the tin oxide ( SbCl 3 , particle size: 0.1 μm) is uniformly mixed, and then the surface of titanium oxide is coated with antimony by a mechanofusion method in which heating is performed at 500 ° C. for 1 hour in a reducing gas atmosphere (hydrogen gas atmosphere) furnace. Covered with doped tin oxide. Hereinafter, titanium oxide covered with tin oxide doped with antimony is referred to as a conductive agent. Further, the titanium oxide constitutes a first metal oxide, and the tin oxide constitutes a second metal oxide.
[0017]
Next, the conductive agent having an addition ratio of 1.0% by weight to the hydrogen storage alloy powder is added to the hydrogen storage alloy powder to prepare a mixed powder, and the ratio of PEO (polyethylene oxide) as a binder Was prepared by mixing 1 part by weight with respect to 10 parts by weight of the hydrogen storage alloy powder. Thereafter, the aqueous solution and the mixed powder were mixed to prepare a paste. Next, this paste was applied to a core (made of punching metal obtained by applying nickel plating to iron), and further rolled to prepare a plate-like negative electrode.
[0018]
Thereafter, the negative electrode and a known sintered nickel positive electrode are wound through a separator made of a nylon nonwoven fabric to produce a power generation element, and then the power generation element is housed in a battery can. A battery having a theoretical capacity of 1200 mAh (AA size) was produced by injecting an electrolyte solution containing 30% KOH into the battery.
In the above embodiment, the particle size of titanium oxide, which is the first metal oxide, is 1 μm. However, the present invention is not limited to this. However, if the particle size of the first metal oxide exceeds 1 μm, the filling density of the hydrogen storage alloy decreases, and the amount of the hydrogen storage alloy per unit volume of the negative electrode decreases. The diameter is desirably 1 μm or less.
[0019]
Further, in the above embodiment, antimony chloride is used to dope antimony to tin oxide, but the invention is not limited to this, and other antimony compounds such as antimony oxide may be used for doping. However, it is not limited to antimony, and phosphorus may be doped by using a phosphoric acid compound such as orthophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, tripolyphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, or hypophosphorous acid. Further, the heating temperature at the time of dope is not limited to 500 ° C. as described above, it is smoothly doped if it is in the range of 300 to 1000 ° C., and the heating time is not limited to 1 hour, 30 minutes Smooth doping is possible for up to 2 hours. Further, the reducing gas is not limited to hydrogen gas, but may be ammonia gas or carbon monoxide gas. In addition, the reducing gas may be nitrogen gas, argon gas, etc. It is also possible to use an inert gas.
[0020]
Furthermore, when doping antimony or phosphorus into tin oxide or the like, the addition ratio of an antimony compound such as antimony chloride to tin oxide is not limited to 1.0% by weight, but it should be 0.1% by weight or more. desirable. This is because the doping effect is not sufficiently exhibited when the addition ratio of the antimony compound or the like is less than 0.1% by weight.
[0021]
In addition, the particle size of the second metal oxide such as tin oxide and the antimony compound such as antimony chloride or the phosphoric acid compound is not limited to 0.1 μm as described above, but it should be 0.2 μm or less. desirable. This is because the particle size of the first metal oxide such as titanium oxide is regulated to 1 μm or less as described above, and therefore when the particle size of the second metal oxide and antimony compound exceeds 0.2 μm, This is because the surface of one metal oxide cannot be uniformly covered.
[0022]
Further, the method for forming a conductive coating layer on the surface of titanium oxide is not limited to the above-mentioned mechanofusion method, and can be achieved, for example, by the following method.
First, after adding a tin salt solution composed of stannic chloride, tin sulfate, tin nitrate, or the like, or a stannate solution composed of sodium stannate or potassium stannate to an aqueous suspension of titanium oxide, Add an alkali consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or ammonium carbonate, or an acid consisting of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid or acetic acid. Next, an aqueous solution of an antimony compound or phosphorus compound is added to this and stirred, and then the treatment solution is filtered and washed, and further dried at about 100 ° C. Finally, a conductive coating layer can be formed on the surface of titanium oxide by heat treatment in a reducing gas or inert gas atmosphere at 650 ° C. for 1 hour.
[0023]
Furthermore, the average particle diameter of the hydrogen storage alloy powder is not limited to 50 μm, but is preferably in the range of 10 to 70 μm. This is because when the average particle size of the hydrogen storage alloy powder is less than 10 μm, the proportion of the oxide film formed on the surface of the hydrogen storage alloy powder becomes relatively large, whereas when it exceeds 70 μm, the hydrogen storage alloy powder as the whole negative electrode The surface area of the is reduced. For these reasons, hydrogen cannot be stored and released smoothly.
[0024]
In addition, the hydrogen storage alloy used in the present invention is not limited to the rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy, but Zr—Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys such as ZrNi, Ti—Fe-based hydrogen storage alloys such as TiFe, ZrMn 2 It is also possible to use Zr—Mn hydrogen storage alloys such as TiMn, Ti—Mn hydrogen storage alloys such as TiMn 1.5 , or Mg—Ni hydrogen storage alloys such as Mg 2 Ni.
[0025]
The metal - hydrogen storage alloy having a particularly preferred CaCu 5 type crystal structure hydride alkaline storage battery is represented by the general formula MmNi a Co b Al c Mn d . Here, Mm in this formula is a mixture of rare earth elements selected from La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Sc, Y, Pm, Gd, Tb, Gy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu. In particular, those mainly composed of a mixture of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm are preferable, and a> 0, b> 0, c> 0, d ≧ 0, and 4.4 ≦ a + b + c + d ≦ 5 .4.
[0026]
And the hydrogen storage alloy which consists of said composition can satisfy | fill basic performances, such as a cycle characteristic and discharge characteristic, of an alkaline secondary battery. Further, Si, C, W, and B elements may be added as long as the hydrogen storage characteristics of the hydrogen storage alloy are not changed.
Preferably, in the above composition formula, the amount of nickel a is 2.8 ≦ a ≦ 5.2, the amount of cobalt b is 0 <b ≦ 1.4, the amount of aluminum c is 0 <c ≦ 1.2, Furthermore, it is preferable that the amount d of manganese is d ≦ 1.2. Further, in order to increase the capacity of the battery, it is preferable to set the aluminum amount c to c ≦ 1.0 and the manganese amount d to d ≦ 1.0.
[0027]
In addition, the core used for the hydrogen storage alloy electrode is not limited to the punching metal obtained by plating nickel on the iron, and foamed nickel, nickel fiber sintered body, or the like can also be used.
[0028]
【Example】
(Example 1)
As Example 1, the battery shown in the above embodiment of the invention was used.
The battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as the present invention battery A1.
[0029]
(Examples 2 to 7)
The addition amount of the conductive agent (titanium oxide having a conductive coating layer on the surface) to the hydrogen storage alloy powder is 0.005 wt%, 0.01 wt%, 0.10 wt%, 5.00 wt%, A battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content was 10.00 wt% and 15.00 wt%.
The batteries thus produced are hereinafter referred to as present invention batteries A2 to A7, respectively.
[0030]
(Examples 8 to 13)
Rather than doping antimony into tin oxide using antimony chloride, doping tin oxide with phosphorus using orthophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, tripolyphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, and hypophosphorous acid, respectively. Produced a battery in the same manner as in Example 1 above.
The batteries thus produced are hereinafter referred to as invention batteries A8 to A13, respectively.
[0031]
(Comparative example)
A battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive agent (titanium oxide having a conductive coating layer on the surface) was not added.
The battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as comparative battery X.
[0032]
(Experiment 1)
In the present invention batteries A1 to A7 and comparative battery X, after charging and discharging for 200 cycles under the following condition (1), charging and discharging are performed under the following condition (2), and discharging is performed at 3C (1200 mA) for 30 seconds. The battery voltage was measured, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Charging / discharging conditions (1) Charging conditions: 1C (1200 mA) until -ΔV reaches 10 mV Charging / discharging conditions: 1 C (1200 mA) until discharging end voltage reaches 1 V (2) Charging conditions: 0.1 C (120 mA) ) For 11 hours, discharge at 1/3 C (400 mA), and when DOD (depth of discharge) reaches 80%, discharge at 3 C (3600 mA) for 30 seconds.
[Table 1]
[0034]
As is clear from Table 1, the batteries A1 to A7 of the present invention to which the conductive agent (titanium oxide having a conductive coating layer on the surface) was added were charged compared to the comparative battery X to which no conductive agent was added. It can be seen that the voltage during 3C discharge after 200 cycles of discharge is high. This is because when the conductive agent is present between the hydrogen storage alloy powders, the contact resistance between the hydrogen storage alloy powders is reduced, the electrode polarization is suppressed, and a conductive coating layer is formed on the surface. This is because titanium oxide is stable in an alkaline electrolyte, so that the voltage during discharge at a deep depth after the charge / discharge cycle increases.
[0035]
However, in the present invention battery A2 in which the addition amount of the conductive agent is 0.005% by weight and the present invention battery A7 in which the addition amount of the conductive agent is 15.00% by weight, the addition amount of the conductive agent is 0.01 to 10.00. It can be seen that the voltage at the time of 3C discharge is lower than that of the present invention batteries A1, A3 to A6 by weight%. In the present invention battery A2 in which the addition amount of the conductive agent is 0.005% by weight, the effect of addition is not sufficiently exhibited, so that the conductivity of the electrode is deteriorated, while the addition amount of the conductive agent is 15.00%. % Of the present invention battery A7, the ratio of the hydrogen storage alloy in the negative electrode is decreased, which is considered to be because the hydrogen storage amount decreases.
[0036]
(Experiment 2)
In the batteries A8 to A13 of the present invention, charging and discharging were performed under the same conditions as in Experiment 1, and the battery voltage was measured when discharged at 3C (1200 mA) for 30 seconds. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0037]
[Table 2]
[0038]
As is apparent from Table 2, in the batteries A8 to A13 of the present invention, it is recognized that the voltage at the time of 3C discharge after 200 cycles of charge / discharge is increased.
[0039]
In addition, as a conductive coating layer to coat titanium oxide, instead of tin oxide, antimony oxide, iron oxide, indium oxide, scandium oxide, yttrium oxide, boron oxide, gallium oxide, thallium oxide, germanium oxide, vanadium oxide, oxide In niobium, tantalum oxide, bismuth oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, selenium oxide, tellurium oxide, manganese oxide, rhenium oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, ruthenium oxide, rhodium oxide, palladium oxide, osmium oxide, iridium oxide and platinum oxide It has been confirmed that the same effect of improving conductivity can be obtained.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, even when charging / discharging is repeated, by securing sufficient conductivity, it is possible to suppress degradation of output characteristics even after the charging / discharging cycle has elapsed. There is an excellent effect of being able to.
Claims (8)
上記導電剤として、アンチモン及び/又はリンがドープされた第2の金属酸化物からなる導電性の被覆層を有し且つ耐アルカリ性で充放電時にも安定な第1の金属酸化物が用いられることを特徴とする水素吸蔵合金電極。In the hydrogen storage alloy electrode in which a conductive agent is present on the surface of the hydrogen storage alloy powder that is the negative electrode active material,
As the conductive agent, a first metal oxide having a conductive coating layer made of a second metal oxide doped with antimony and / or phosphorus and being resistant to alkali and stable during charging and discharging is used. A hydrogen storage alloy electrode.
上記導電剤として、アンチモン及び/又はリンがドープされた第2の金属酸化物からなる導電性の被覆層を有し且つ耐アルカリ性で充放電時にも安定な第1の金属酸化物が用いられることを特徴とする金属−水素化物アルカリ蓄電池。In a metal-hydride alkaline storage battery in which a negative electrode in which a conductive agent is present on the surface of a hydrogen storage alloy powder that is a negative electrode active material and a positive electrode are disposed in a battery can via a separator impregnated with an alkaline electrolyte. ,
As the conductive agent, a first metal oxide having a conductive coating layer made of a second metal oxide doped with antimony and / or phosphorus and being resistant to alkali and stable during charging and discharging is used. A metal-hydride alkaline storage battery.
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| JP26994598A JP3653399B2 (en) | 1998-09-24 | 1998-09-24 | Hydrogen storage alloy electrode and metal-hydride alkaline storage battery using the same |
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| JP26994598A JP3653399B2 (en) | 1998-09-24 | 1998-09-24 | Hydrogen storage alloy electrode and metal-hydride alkaline storage battery using the same |
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