JP3656541B2 - Flame retardant thermosetting resin composition - Google Patents
Flame retardant thermosetting resin composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3656541B2 JP3656541B2 JP2000322520A JP2000322520A JP3656541B2 JP 3656541 B2 JP3656541 B2 JP 3656541B2 JP 2000322520 A JP2000322520 A JP 2000322520A JP 2000322520 A JP2000322520 A JP 2000322520A JP 3656541 B2 JP3656541 B2 JP 3656541B2
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- Prior art keywords
- resin
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- epoxy
- resin composition
- epoxy resin
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 28
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 62
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 glycidyloxyphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical class [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- KSIFCIGYWZLLRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-ethylphenoxy)methyl]oxirane Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1OCC1OC1 KSIFCIGYWZLLRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KFUSXMDYOPXKKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-methylphenoxy)methyl]oxirane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OCC1OC1 KFUSXMDYOPXKKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- STHCTMWQPJVCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[2-[1,1,2-tris[2-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]ethyl]phenoxy]methyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COC1=CC=CC=C1CC(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)OCC1OC1)(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)OCC1OC1)C1=CC=CC=C1OCC1CO1 STHCTMWQPJVCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OFAVNQMEQSOEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[2-[1,1,2-tris[2-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxymethyl)phenyl]ethyl]phenyl]methoxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1=CC=CC=C1CC(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)COCC1OC1)(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)COCC1OC1)C1=CC=CC=C1COCC1CO1 OFAVNQMEQSOEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RPADUWFZMICOIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[2-[tris[2-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]methyl]phenoxy]methyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COC1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)OCC1OC1)(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)OCC1OC1)C1=CC=CC=C1OCC1CO1 RPADUWFZMICOIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LFZSOHAKBHAESE-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1CO1)OC1=C(C=CC=C1)C(CC(C)(C1=C(C=CC=C1)OCC1CO1)C1=C(C=CC=C1)OCC1CO1)(C)C1=C(C=CC=C1)OCC1CO1 Chemical compound C(C1CO1)OC1=C(C=CC=C1)C(CC(C)(C1=C(C=CC=C1)OCC1CO1)C1=C(C=CC=C1)OCC1CO1)(C)C1=C(C=CC=C1)OCC1CO1 LFZSOHAKBHAESE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 29
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 4
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- RGHHSNMVTDWUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 RGHHSNMVTDWUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- JRQJLSWAMYZFGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-biphenyl;phenol Chemical group OC1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 JRQJLSWAMYZFGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAPRZVXVTPSWEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-butan-2-ylphenoxy)methyl]oxirane Chemical compound CCC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1OCC1OC1 WAPRZVXVTPSWEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGESJUBJGNWTMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-methylphenyl)methoxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1COCC1OC1 HGESJUBJGNWTMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYWVNPSVLAFTFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylbenzenesulfonate;morpholin-4-ium Chemical compound C1COCCN1.CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 LYWVNPSVLAFTFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HOSGXJWQVBHGLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-1h-quinolin-2-one Chemical group N1C(=O)CCC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 HOSGXJWQVBHGLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001665 Poly-4-vinylphenol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940024545 aluminum hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YVKMMZAFUFUAAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Al] YVKMMZAFUFUAAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical class [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012772 electrical insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- NXPPAOGUKPJVDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-diol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(O)C(O)=CC=C21 NXPPAOGUKPJVDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylbenzene Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001755 resorcinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012756 surface treatment agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
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- Epoxy Resins (AREA)
- Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
- Phenolic Resins Or Amino Resins (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は低環境負荷で難燃性の高い熱硬化性樹脂組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
熱硬化性樹脂組成物、特にこの中でもエポキシ樹脂組成物は良好な絶縁性、耐熱性および強度のため、電気絶縁材料や建材用として広く使用されているが、一般的に難燃性が不十分であるため、これらの用途では難燃剤が添加されている場合が多い。難燃剤としては通常、臭素や塩素などのハロゲンを含む化合物やリンを含む化合物が広く使用されている。しかし、前者の場合には、これらを含む樹脂製品の火災時や廃棄後の焼却時には毒性の高いハロゲン系ガスが発生し、また後者の場合は、これらを含む樹脂製品の燃焼時には有害ガスは発生しにくいものの、廃棄され埋立て処分された際には有害なリン化合物が溶出しやすく、いずれも環境負荷が大きいという問題がある。これに対して水酸化アルミの水和物などの低環境負荷の無機物の水和物も難燃効果があることが知られているが、樹脂に大量に添加する必要があるため、成形性や他の特性への悪影響から汎用的ではない。
【0003】
そこで低環境負荷の難燃化として、エポキシ樹脂組成物の架橋構造を検討して、樹脂自体の難燃性を向上させることが考えられる。通常のプラスチックスの燃焼は、プラスチックスが熱分解し、可燃性の分解物が発生し、これに着火して進行すると考えられている(英 一太、プラスチックスの難燃化、1978年6月26日発行、p39−41、日刊工業新聞社)。そしてエポキシ樹脂組成物の場合、構造中に芳香族類を含むものや、架橋密度の大きいものほど加熱時の残存率(残炭率)が高くて、耐熱分解性すなわち耐熱性が高いことが報告されている(新保 正樹,エポキシ樹脂ハンドブック、1987年12月25日、P368−369、日刊工業新聞社)。そこでこれまでは、難燃性を向上させようとする場合、このような耐熱性を向上させることが主要な手段とされており、エポキシ樹脂と硬化剤の組み合わせは芳香族を含むものを選択するとともに、それぞれの反応性官能基を、化学当量で、すなわち1:1の反応が起こるようにこれらを過不足なく配合することによって、硬化物のガラス転移温度を指標とする架橋密度を最大にするのが通例であった。
【0004】
しかしながら、芳香族を用い、さらに主剤の樹脂と硬化剤を当量配合して架橋密度を上げ耐熱性を向上させても、難燃性は不十分である場合が多かった。例えば、熱硬化性樹脂の中では、芳香族類で、かつガラス転移温度が高く耐熱性が最も良好なものの一つであるクレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂とフェノールノボラック硬化剤の組み合わせ系でも難燃性は不十分であり、通常、臭素化合物が添加されている(宮坂 啓象、プラスチックス事典、1992年3月1日、P273、朝倉書店)。
【0005】
これは、樹脂の難燃性が、規定の評価方法では、着火後の自己消火性(UL94による燃焼試験法)や、燃焼させるための必要酸素量(JIS−K−7201による酸素指数法)によって評価されるために、樹脂の耐熱性だけでなく、グラファイトに代表される不燃構造の形成性などの他の要因も大きく影響するためと考えられる。
【0006】
以上のように、エポキシ樹脂と硬化剤の組み合わせによる架橋構造と難燃性の関係についてはあまり知られていないのが現状である。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来よりエポキシ樹脂組成物の難燃性を向上させるために使用されているハロゲンやリン系の難燃剤では、上記の様に環境負荷が大きくて問題がある。
【0008】
また、難燃剤を添加せずに樹脂自体の難燃性を向上させようとした場合、従来では耐熱性(耐熱分解性)を向上させることが難燃性を向上させる唯一の手段とされてきたが、耐熱性の高い樹脂が必ずしも十分な難燃性を示すわけではなかった。
【0009】
そこで、本発明では難燃性そのものを向上させるような架橋構造を持ち、さらに他の必要特性である耐熱性や耐吸収性も良好なエポキシ樹脂組成物を提供することを目的としている。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の難燃性熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、エポキシ樹脂と、芳香族炭化水素に水酸基が結合したフェノール樹脂類縁体を必須成分とし、難燃剤を含まない樹脂組成物であり、エポキシ樹脂が下記式1である。
【0011】
【化5】
(X1 は、水素、グリシジルエーテル、炭素数1から10の炭化水素基、グリシジルオキシフェニル基、またはR2 がフェニル基についたグリシジルオキシフェニル基である。R1 は炭素数1から10の炭化水素、R2 は水素または炭素数1から10の炭化水素。)
【0012】
ここで言う、フェノール樹脂類縁体とはフェノール又はナフトールを含む樹脂を言う。
【0013】
具体的には、テトラキス(グリシジルオキシフェニル)エタン、テトラキス(グリシジルオキシメチルフェニル)エタン、テトラキス(グリシジルオキシフェニル)メタン、トリキス(グリシジルオキシフェニル)エタン、トリキス(グリシジルオキシフェニル)メタン、トリキスグリシジルオキシフェニルメチルエタン、トリキスグリシジルオキシフェニルメチルプロパンまたはテトラキス(グリシジルオキシフェニル)ペンタンを含むことを特徴とするエポキシ樹脂が用いられる。
【0014】
このエポキシ樹脂は他の種類のエポキシ樹脂と併用して用いても効果があり、具体的にはビスフェノールA、ビフェニル、ナフタレン、およびこれらの類縁体等の結晶性の骨格を有するエポキシ樹脂との併用が特に効果的である。この際のこれらのエポキシ樹脂の式1のエポキシ樹脂への添加率は、エポキシ樹脂の総量に対して70重量%が好ましい。これ以上であると、難燃化の特徴を発揮できない場合がある。
【0015】
前述のフェノール樹脂類縁体は、下記式2で示されるフェノールノボラック樹脂類縁体が好ましい。
【0016】
【化6】
(R3 はナフタレン基とビフェニル基の少なくとも一方を必須成分とし、これら単独又はさらにこれにフェニル基及び又は炭化水素基が結合した炭素数100までの炭化水素、n1 は0〜20の整数。)
【0017】
この式でR3 に結合する水酸基は1から6まである。具体的には、ナフトールノボラック、ポリビニルフェノール、ナフトールアラルキル樹脂、あるいはフェノールビフェニル樹脂を含む3価以上のフェノールノボラック類縁体、または4−4′ビフェノール又はナフタレンジオールと、ビスフェノールA、ビスフェノールF、ビスフェノールS、ハイドロキノン、レゾルシン、又はカテコールとを、ホルムアルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド、ベンズアルデヒドあるいはp−ヒドロキシベンズアルデヒドの縮合剤によって合成される多価フェノール性化合物である。ここで言うフェノールアラルキル樹脂はフェノールとα,α′ジメトキシパラキシレンを、ナフトールアラルキル樹脂はナフトールとα,α′ジメトキシパラキシレンをフリーデルクラフト縮合することにより合成できる。
【0018】
特に、フェノール樹脂が式3,式4で示されるものを含むものが適している。また、本願発明に関連するフェノール樹脂としては、式5で示されるものも挙げられる。
【0019】
【化7】
【0020】
【化8】
【0021】
【化9】
(R4 は水素、または炭素数1から6の炭化水素、n2 ,n3 は0から20の整数、n4 ,n5 は0から20の整数。)
【0022】
これらの硬化剤はお互いに混合しても、一般的なフェノール樹脂を併用、また他の硬化剤、例えば、アミン類や水酸基含有有機物等と併用して用いることができる。特にフェノールノボラック樹脂との組み合わせが好ましい。他と併用する際、これらの硬化剤の、本発明の硬化剤への添加率は、硬化剤の総量に対して70重量%未満が好ましい。これ以上であると、難燃化の特徴を発揮できない場合がある。
【0023】
フェノール樹脂中の水酸基は、前記エポキシ樹脂中の前記エポキシ基に反応する化学当量比よりも過剰であり、化学当量の1.25倍以上3.0倍以下となるような配合比であることが望ましい。特に、1.6倍以上3.0倍以下となるような配合比が望ましい。
【0024】
本組成物においては、硬化剤中の水酸基が、エポキシ樹脂中のエポキシ基に対して、化学当量より過剰になるように配合された場合のほうが、大幅に難燃性が向上する。具体的には水酸基量が、エポキシ基量に対して、化学当量の1.25倍以上である場合に、特に難燃性には有効である。しかしながら水酸基の量を過剰にしすぎて、硬化反応が不十分になると、難燃性への悪影響は少ないものの、離型性や硬化性などの成形性、耐熱性、強度特性、耐吸収性などの他の物性に悪影響があり、本来のエポキシ樹脂組成物としての使用に支障をきたすので、水酸基量は硬化反応が起こり得る範囲内とする。過剰の上限としては、エポキシ基に対して、3.0倍以下が好ましい。これらを越えると、成型時に硬化しにくくなり、その結果、成形性や硬化物の耐熱性、強度等の物性に悪影響がある。
【0025】
本組成物において、必要に応じて添加される成分としては、シリカ粉、アルミナ粉、ガラス繊維などの無機充填剤、トリフェニルフォスフィンなどのリン化合物や各種アミン化合物などの硬化促進剤、カルナバワックスやステアリン酸塩などの離型剤、シランカップリング剤などの無機充填材の表面処理剤、各種の有機溶媒などの希釈剤、およびカーボンなどの着色剤、等が挙げられる。
【0026】
これらの組成物は、必要に応じて各構成材料をリボンブレンダーやヘンシェルミキサーなどで予備混合後、加熱ロール、ニーダー、回分式混合機などを用いて混合することで製造できる。そして、必要に応じて有機溶媒や水分を脱気してから、トランスファー成形機や加熱プレス成型機によって所定の成形条件で加熱して、架橋反応を起こさせ硬化させることで、高度な難燃性を有する硬化成形体を得ることができる。
【0027】
このように、本組成物では、硬化剤をエポキシ樹脂より化学当量より過剰に配合することで、硬化物の架橋密度が下がり、耐熱性が低下した場合のほうが難燃性が向上することから、明らかに耐熱性だけの要因で難燃性が決まっておらず、これは本組成物の硬化物に特有な難燃性の高い架橋構造の形成によるものと考える。
【0028】
(作用)本発明による難燃性熱硬化性樹脂組成物の難燃メカニズムを以下に示す。
【0029】
本発明のエポキシ樹脂とフェノール樹脂類縁体との組み合わせによる樹脂組成物では、高い難燃性が得られるが、この理由は、それぞれの樹脂に芳香族化合物が多く含まれ、さらにこれらの組み合わせに特有な独自な架橋構造を形成できるために、燃焼時に難燃性の多芳香族化合物であるグラファイトの前駆体が形成しやすくなり、高い難燃性が得られたと考える。
【0030】
さらに、本発明のフェノール樹脂類縁体水酸基(フェノール性水酸基)がエポキシ樹脂のエポキシ基に対して過剰になるように、エポキシ樹脂とフェノール樹脂類縁体を配合し、図1のように、架橋構造中にフェノール性水酸基が残余していた方が難燃性は、大幅に向上する。このように、架橋密度が低下した方が難燃性は向上できることは、従来全く知られていなかった事実である。この難燃性向上の理由としては、残余しているフェノール性水酸基が図2や図3のように、燃焼時に脱水−縮合反応することによって、上記のグラファイト前駆体の形成が、より効率的に行われたことによると考える。
【0031】
フェノール樹脂類縁体は、水酸基が結合した芳香族と疎水基とを含むことが好ましい。疎水基が存在することによって、水酸基が動きやすくなり、縮合反応を起こしやすくなるからである。特に、疎水基は、水酸基が結合した芳香族と水酸基が結合した他の芳香族との間に存在するのが望ましく、水酸基が結合していない芳香族であることが望ましい。その結果、燃焼時には脱水−縮合反応が起き易く、難燃性は最も向上する。
【0032】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を実施例により説明する。
【0033】
【実施例】
(実施例1〜7)式1のエポキシ樹脂として、R1 がエタンで、R2 が水素で、X1 がグリシジルオキシフェニル基のエポキシ樹脂{テトラキス(グリシジルオキシフェニル)エタン、エポキシ当量;197、以後エポキシ樹脂Aとする。}と、フェノール樹脂としては、式3で示される化合物(R4 が水素、数平均分子量(Mn)が450、水酸基当量が210、軟化点が86℃のもの(以後硬化剤Aとする。)、他の硬化剤として、トリフェニルフォスフィン全体の0.5重量%、カルナバワックス0.5重量%、シリカ粉(平均粒径25ミクロンの溶融シリカ)68.0重量%となるような配合比で、ヘンシェルミキサーで混合した後、加熱ロールで樹脂温度が100〜110℃で5分間混練し、冷却プレスで冷却した後、乳鉢で解砕し6メッシュの篩を通して成形材料を作成した。ここでエポキシ樹脂Aと硬化剤Aの組成物中の含有率(重量%)は、エポキシ樹脂Aのエポキシ基量と硬化剤Aの水酸基量が、当量比で表1に示す割合になるものであり、これらも表1に示す。
【0034】
この際のエポキシ樹脂と硬化剤の組成物に対する添加率は次の計算式を解くことによって求め、以後の実施例と比較例の場合も同様である。エポキシ樹脂添加率(重量%)=α硬化剤添加率(重量%)=β水酸基のエポキシ基に対する当量比=y/xとするとα=β・エポキシ樹脂のエポキシ当量/(硬化剤の水酸基当量・y/x)α+β=31.0この成形材料を用いて、トランスファー成型機で175℃で6分間の成形条件で成形した。この際の成形性として、金型からの離型性と成形体の硬化性(硬さ)の結果を表1に示す。この成形体をさらに175℃で6時間加熱して硬化させた後、所定の大きさに切断して試験片を作成した。そして、この試験片の難燃性を酸素指数法(JIS−K−7201)で評価し、さらに熱機械分析(TMA)によってガラス転移温度を測定した。(試料長さ;10〜11mm、雰囲気;空気中、昇温速度;5℃/分、荷重;2g、温度範囲;室温〜300℃)これらの結果も表1に示す。さらに上記の難燃テスト試験片を使用して、純水中で24時間100℃で煮沸した際の重量増加率から吸水率を測定した。
【0035】
(実施例8〜14)本発明のエポキシ樹脂として、エポキシ樹脂Aと、本発明のフェノール樹脂類としては、式4の化合物で、R4 が水素で、数平均分子量(Mn)が500、水酸基当量が198、軟化点が73℃、のもの(以後硬化剤Bとする。)をさらに実施例1〜7と同様な添加剤と、同様に混練、成形、評価した。この際、組成物中のこれらの樹脂の合計の含有率、及び他の添加剤の含有率は実施例1〜7と同じである。これらの酸素指数とガラス転移温度、吸水率の結果を表2に示す。
【0036】
(参考例1〜7)本発明のエポキシ樹脂としてエポキシ樹脂Aと、本発明に関連するフェノール樹脂類として、式5で示されるR4 がメチル基で、数平均分子量(Mn)が430、水酸基当量が136、軟化点が101℃、のもの(以後硬化剤Cとする。)を、さらに実施例1〜7と同様な添加剤と同様な比率で、同様に混練、成形、評価した。この際、組成物中のこれらの樹脂の合計の含有率、及び他の添加剤の含有率は実施例1〜7と同じである。これらの酸素指数とガラス転移温度、吸水率の結果を表3に示す。
【0037】(実施例22〜28)本発明のエポキシ樹脂としてエポキシ樹脂Aと、式1以外のエポキシ樹脂として3,3′,5,5′−テトラメチルビフェニル−4,4′−ジグリシジルエーテル及びビフェニル−4,4′−ジグリシジルエーテルの50重量%ずつの混合物(エポキシ当量170、軟化点104℃、数平均分子量460、以下エポキシ樹脂Bとする。)とを重量比で5:5に混合したものと、本発明のフェノール樹脂類として硬化剤Aと、式3,4,5以外のフェノール樹脂としてフェノールノボラック樹脂(数平均分子量Mn;500、水酸基当量;107、軟化点;90℃、で以後硬化剤Dとする。)を重量比6:4で混合したものとを、混合して樹脂成分とし、さらに実施例1〜7と同様な添加剤と一緒に、これらの実施例と同様混合・混練し、成形して評価した。この際、組成物中のこれらの樹脂の合計の含有率、及び他の添加剤の含有率は実施例1〜7と同じである。これらの酸素指数、ガラス転移温度、吸水率の結果を表4に示す。
【0038】
(実施例29〜35)本発明の式1のエポキシ樹脂として、R1 がメタンで、X1 が水素で、R2 がメチル基のエポキシ樹脂トリキス(グリシジルオキシメチルフェニル)メタン(エポキシ当量;164、以後エポキシ樹脂Cとする)と、本発明のフェノール樹脂類としては硬化剤Bと、さらに実施例1〜7と同様な添加剤と同様な比率で、同様に混練、成形、評価した。この際、組成物中のこれらの樹脂の合計の含有率、及び他の添加剤の含有率は実施例1〜7と同じである。これらの酸素指数とガラス転移温度、吸水率の結果を表5に示す。
【0039】
(実施例36〜42)本発明の式1のエポキシ樹脂として、R1 がプロパンで、X1 がメチル基で、R2 が水素のエポキシ樹脂トリキス(グリシジルオキシフェニル)メチルプロパン(エポキシ当量;164、以後エポキシ樹脂Dとする)と、本発明のフェノール樹脂類としては硬化剤Aと、さらに実施例1〜7と同様な添加剤と同様な比率で、同様に混練、成形、評価した。この際、組成物中のこれらの樹脂の合計の含有率、及び他の添加剤の含有率は実施例1〜7と同じである。これらの酸素指数とガラス転移温度、吸水率の結果を表6に示す。
【0040】
(比較例1〜6)本発明のエポキシ樹脂以外の代表的な多官能エポキシ樹脂として、オルソクレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂(エポキシ当量;194、軟化点;80℃、以後エポキシ樹脂Eとする)と、硬化剤Aを、表7に示す割合で、さらに実施例1〜7と同様な添加剤と一緒に、同様に混練、成形、評価した。この際、組成物中のこれらの樹脂の合計の含有率、及び他の添加剤の含有率は実施例1〜7と同じである。これらの酸素指数とガラス転移温度、吸水率の結果を表7に示す。
【0041】
(比較例7〜12)本発明以外のエポキシ樹脂としてエポキシ樹脂Eと、本発明以外のフェノール樹脂として硬化剤Dとを、表8に示す割合で、さらに実施例1〜7と同様な添加剤と一緒に、同様に混練、成形、評価した。この際、組成物中のこれらの樹脂の合計の含有率、及び他の添加剤の含有率は実施例1〜7と同じである。これらの酸素指数とガラス転移温度、吸水率の結果を表8に示す。
【0042】
【表1】
【0043】
【表2】
【0044】
【表3】
【0045】
【表4】
【0046】
【表5】
【0047】
【表6】
【0048】
【表7】
【0049】
【表8】
【0050】
以上、実施例で示したように、本発明のエポキシ樹脂と硬化剤の組み合わせ系は、比較例に示すガラス転移温度が高くて耐熱性が良好なオルソクレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂やフェノール樹脂との組み合わせ系よりも、高い難燃性を示し、さらにガラス転移温度に代表される耐熱性や耐吸湿性も良好であることがわかる。さらに、本発明の硬化剤が、本発明のエポキシ樹脂類に対して、化学当量より過剰で水酸基/エポキシ基の当量比が1.25倍以上に配合され、ガラス転移温度が下がり、架橋密度が低下した時に、良好な難燃性を示すことがわかる。特に、当量比が1.6倍以上の時に難燃性が向上する。ただし、これらの当量比が3.0倍を越えると、難燃性には影響しないものの、離型性や硬化性で代表される成形性が低下し、さらに耐熱性や耐吸湿性も低くなる。
【0051】
【発明の効果】
本発明の効果は、従来の環境負荷の大きな難燃剤を添加することなく、それ自体が高い難燃性、および耐熱性と耐吸湿性を有するエポキシ樹脂組成物に代表される熱硬化性樹脂組成物を提供できることである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明による難燃性熱硬化性樹脂を示す概念図である。
【図2】 本発明による難燃性熱硬化性樹脂の難燃メカニズムを示す図である。
【図3】 本発明による難燃性熱硬化性樹脂の難燃メカニズムを示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 残余しているフェノール水酸基
2 エポキシ樹脂
3 フェノール樹脂
4 フェニルエーテル化合物[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a thermosetting resin composition having a low environmental load and high flame retardancy.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Thermosetting resin compositions, especially epoxy resin compositions, among them, are widely used for electrical insulation materials and building materials because of their good insulation, heat resistance and strength, but generally have poor flame retardancy Therefore, in these applications, a flame retardant is often added. As flame retardants, compounds containing halogen such as bromine and chlorine and compounds containing phosphorus are generally widely used. However, in the former case, a highly toxic halogen-based gas is generated when a resin product containing these is fired or incinerated after disposal, and in the latter case, a harmful gas is generated when the resin product containing these is burned. Although it is difficult to do so, harmful phosphorus compounds tend to elute when discarded and disposed of in landfills, both of which have a problem of high environmental impact. In contrast, inorganic hydrates with low environmental impact, such as aluminum hydroxide hydrate, are also known to have a flame retardant effect, but because it is necessary to add a large amount to the resin, moldability and Not universal because of adverse effects on other properties.
[0003]
Therefore, as a flame retardant with a low environmental load, it is considered to improve the flame retardancy of the resin itself by examining the cross-linked structure of the epoxy resin composition. It is thought that the normal combustion of plastics is caused by thermal decomposition of plastics, generating flammable decomposition products, and igniting them (Eiichita, making plastics flame-retardant, June 1978). Issued on May 26, p39-41, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun). In the case of epoxy resin compositions, it is reported that those containing aromatics in the structure or those having a higher crosslink density have a higher residual rate during heating (residual carbon rate) and higher thermal decomposition resistance, that is, heat resistance. (Masaki Shinbo, Epoxy Resin Handbook, December 25, 1987, P368-369, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun). So far, in order to improve flame retardancy, it has been the main means to improve such heat resistance, and the combination of epoxy resin and curing agent is selected to contain aromatic At the same time, the respective reactive functional groups are blended without excess or deficiency so that a reaction of 1: 1 occurs in a chemical equivalent, thereby maximizing the crosslinking density as a measure of the glass transition temperature of the cured product. It was customary.
[0004]
However, even when aromatics are used and the main component resin and curing agent are added in an equivalent amount to increase the crosslinking density and improve the heat resistance, the flame retardancy is often insufficient. For example, among thermosetting resins, flame retardants are also a combination system of cresol novolac type epoxy resin and phenol novolac curing agent, which is one of the aromatics and has the highest glass transition temperature and heat resistance. Usually, bromine compounds are added (Keizo Miyasaka, Plastics Encyclopedia, March 1, 1992, P273, Asakura Shoten).
[0005]
This is because the flame retardancy of the resin depends on the self-extinguishing property after ignition (flammability test method according to UL94) and the required oxygen amount for combustion (oxygen index method according to JIS-K-7201) in the prescribed evaluation method. In order to be evaluated, it is considered that not only the heat resistance of the resin but also other factors such as the formability of a non-combustible structure typified by graphite are greatly affected.
[0006]
As described above, the current situation is that little is known about the relationship between the cross-linked structure and flame retardancy due to the combination of the epoxy resin and the curing agent.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Conventionally, halogen and phosphorous flame retardants that have been used to improve the flame retardancy of epoxy resin compositions have a problem that the environmental load is large as described above.
[0008]
In addition, when trying to improve the flame retardancy of the resin itself without adding a flame retardant, improving the heat resistance (heat decomposability) has conventionally been the only means to improve the flame retardancy. However, a resin having high heat resistance does not always exhibit sufficient flame retardancy.
[0009]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an epoxy resin composition having a cross-linking structure that improves the flame retardancy itself, and also having other necessary characteristics such as heat resistance and absorption resistance.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The flame retardant thermosetting resin composition of the present invention is a resin composition containing an epoxy resin and a phenol resin analog in which a hydroxyl group is bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon as an essential component, and does not contain a flame retardant. It is the following formula 1.
[0011]
[Chemical formula 5]
(X 1 is hydrogen, glycidyl ether, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, glycidyloxyphenyl group, or R 2 is a glycidyloxyphenyl group having a phenyl group. R 1 is a carbon atom having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Hydrogen, R 2 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.)
[0012]
Here, the phenol resin analog refers to a resin containing phenol or naphthol.
[0013]
Specifically, tetrakis (glycidyloxyphenyl) ethane, tetrakis (glycidyloxymethylphenyl) ethane, tetrakis (glycidyloxyphenyl) methane, trikis (glycidyloxyphenyl) ethane, trikis (glycidyloxyphenyl) methane, trikisglycidyloxy Epoxy resins characterized in that they contain phenylmethylethane, trikisglycidyloxyphenylmethylpropane or tetrakis (glycidyloxyphenyl) pentane.
[0014]
This epoxy resin is effective even when used in combination with other types of epoxy resins. Specifically, it is used in combination with epoxy resins having a crystalline skeleton such as bisphenol A, biphenyl, naphthalene, and analogs thereof. Is particularly effective. In this case, the addition ratio of these epoxy resins to the epoxy resin of Formula 1 is preferably 70% by weight based on the total amount of the epoxy resins. If it is more than this, the flame retarding characteristics may not be exhibited.
[0015]
The above-mentioned phenol resin analog is preferably a phenol novolac resin analog represented by the following formula 2.
[0016]
[Chemical 6]
(R 3 is a hydrocarbon having up to 100 carbon atoms in which at least one of a naphthalene group and a biphenyl group is an essential component, and these are alone or further bonded to a phenyl group and / or a hydrocarbon group, and n 1 is an integer of 0-20. )
[0017]
There are 1 to 6 hydroxyl groups bonded to R 3 in this formula. Specifically, naphthol novolak, polyvinylphenol, naphthol aralkyl resin, trihydric or higher phenol novolac analogues including phenol biphenyl resin, or 4-4 ′ biphenol or naphthalenediol, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, It is a polyhydric phenolic compound synthesized from hydroquinone, resorcin, or catechol with a condensing agent of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, or p-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The phenol aralkyl resin referred to here can be synthesized by phenol and α, α′dimethoxyparaxylene, and the naphthol aralkyl resin can be synthesized by Friedel-Craft condensation of naphthol and α, α′dimethoxyparaxylene.
[0018]
In particular, phenol resins including those represented by formulas 3 and 4 are suitable. Moreover, what is shown by Formula 5 is mentioned as a phenol resin relevant to this invention.
[0019]
[Chemical 7]
[0020]
[Chemical 8]
[0021]
[Chemical 9]
(R 4 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, n 2 and n 3 are integers from 0 to 20, and n 4 and n 5 are integers from 0 to 20.)
[0022]
Even if these curing agents are mixed with each other, general phenol resins can be used in combination, and other curing agents such as amines and hydroxyl group-containing organic substances can be used in combination. A combination with a phenol novolac resin is particularly preferable. When used in combination with others, the addition rate of these curing agents to the curing agent of the present invention is preferably less than 70% by weight based on the total amount of the curing agent. If it is more than this, the flame retarding characteristics may not be exhibited.
[0023]
The hydroxyl group in the phenol resin is in excess of the chemical equivalent ratio that reacts with the epoxy group in the epoxy resin, and the blending ratio is 1.25 to 3.0 times the chemical equivalent. desirable. In particular, a blending ratio that is 1.6 times or more and 3.0 times or less is desirable.
[0024]
In the present composition, the flame retardancy is greatly improved when the hydroxyl group in the curing agent is blended so as to exceed the chemical equivalent with respect to the epoxy group in the epoxy resin. Specifically, it is particularly effective for flame retardancy when the amount of hydroxyl group is 1.25 times the chemical equivalent of the amount of epoxy group. However, if the amount of hydroxyl groups is excessive and the curing reaction becomes insufficient, the adverse effects on flame retardancy are small, but moldability such as releasability and curability, heat resistance, strength characteristics, absorption resistance, etc. Since other physical properties are adversely affected and the use as an original epoxy resin composition is hindered, the amount of hydroxyl groups is set within a range where a curing reaction can occur. As an upper limit of excess, 3.0 times or less is preferable with respect to an epoxy group. Beyond these, it becomes difficult to cure at the time of molding, and as a result, there is an adverse effect on physical properties such as moldability, heat resistance and strength of the cured product.
[0025]
In the present composition, the components added as necessary include inorganic fillers such as silica powder, alumina powder and glass fiber, curing accelerators such as phosphorus compounds such as triphenylphosphine and various amine compounds, and carnauba wax. And mold release agents such as stearates, surface treatment agents for inorganic fillers such as silane coupling agents, diluents such as various organic solvents, and colorants such as carbon.
[0026]
These compositions can be produced by premixing each constituent material with a ribbon blender or a Henschel mixer, if necessary, and then mixing with a heating roll, a kneader, a batch mixer or the like. And, after degassing organic solvent and moisture as necessary, it is heated by transfer molding machine or hot press molding machine under specified molding conditions to cause cross-linking reaction and cure. A cured molded body having the following can be obtained.
[0027]
Thus, in the present composition, by adding the curing agent in excess of the chemical equivalent than the epoxy resin, the crosslinking density of the cured product is lowered, and the flame retardancy is improved when the heat resistance is reduced. Clearly, the flame retardancy is not determined only by the heat resistance, and this is considered to be due to the formation of a crosslinked structure having a high flame retardance unique to the cured product of the present composition.
[0028]
(Operation) The flame retardant mechanism of the flame retardant thermosetting resin composition according to the present invention is shown below.
[0029]
In the resin composition by the combination of the epoxy resin of the present invention and the phenol resin analog, high flame retardancy is obtained. This is because each resin contains a lot of aromatic compounds, and moreover, unique to these combinations. It can be considered that high flame retardancy is obtained because it is easy to form a precursor of graphite, which is a flame-retardant polyaromatic compound, during combustion because a unique crosslinked structure can be formed.
[0030]
Further, the epoxy resin and the phenol resin analog are blended so that the phenol resin analog hydroxyl group (phenolic hydroxyl group) of the present invention is excessive with respect to the epoxy group of the epoxy resin, and as shown in FIG. If the phenolic hydroxyl group remains, flame retardancy is greatly improved. Thus, the fact that flame retardance can be improved when the crosslinking density is lowered is a fact that has not been known at all. The reason for this flame retardancy improvement is that the remaining phenolic hydroxyl group undergoes a dehydration-condensation reaction during combustion, as shown in FIGS. I think that it was done.
[0031]
The phenol resin analog preferably includes an aromatic group and a hydrophobic group to which a hydroxyl group is bonded. This is because the presence of the hydrophobic group facilitates the movement of the hydroxyl group and the condensation reaction. In particular, the hydrophobic group is preferably present between the aromatic group to which the hydroxyl group is bonded and the other aromatic group to which the hydroxyl group is bonded, and is preferably an aromatic group to which the hydroxyl group is not bonded. As a result, a dehydration-condensation reaction is likely to occur during combustion, and the flame retardancy is most improved.
[0032]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described by way of examples.
[0033]
【Example】
Examples 1 to 7 As an epoxy resin of formula 1, R 1 is ethane, R 2 is hydrogen, and X 1 is a glycidyloxyphenyl group epoxy resin {tetrakis (glycidyloxyphenyl) ethane, epoxy equivalent; 197, Hereinafter referred to as epoxy resin A. } And a phenol resin represented by formula 3 (R 4 is hydrogen, number average molecular weight (Mn) is 450, hydroxyl equivalent is 210, and softening point is 86 ° C. (hereinafter referred to as curing agent A). As other curing agents, the blending ratio is 0.5% by weight of the total triphenylphosphine, 0.5% by weight of carnauba wax, and 68.0% by weight of silica powder (fused silica having an average particle size of 25 microns). After mixing with a Henschel mixer, the mixture was kneaded with a heating roll at a resin temperature of 100 to 110 ° C. for 5 minutes, cooled with a cooling press, crushed with a mortar, and a molding material was prepared through a 6-mesh sieve. The content (% by weight) of the epoxy resin A and the curing agent A in the composition is such that the epoxy group amount of the epoxy resin A and the hydroxyl group amount of the curing agent A are in the ratio shown in Table 1 as an equivalent ratio. These are also shown in Table 1. .
[0034]
In this case, the addition ratio of the epoxy resin and the curing agent to the composition is obtained by solving the following calculation formula, and the same applies to the following examples and comparative examples. Addition ratio of epoxy resin (% by weight) = Addition ratio of α curing agent (% by weight) = Equivalent ratio of β hydroxyl group to epoxy group = y / x α = β · Epoxy equivalent of epoxy resin / (Hydroxyl equivalent of curing agent · y / x) α + β = 31.0 This molding material was molded with a transfer molding machine at 175 ° C. for 6 minutes. Table 1 shows the results of mold release from the mold and curability (hardness) of the molded body. The molded body was further cured by heating at 175 ° C. for 6 hours, and then cut into a predetermined size to prepare a test piece. And the flame retardance of this test piece was evaluated by the oxygen index method (JIS-K-7201), and also the glass transition temperature was measured by thermomechanical analysis (TMA). (Sample length: 10 to 11 mm, atmosphere: in air, heating rate: 5 ° C./min, load: 2 g, temperature range: room temperature to 300 ° C.) These results are also shown in Table 1. Furthermore, using the above-mentioned flame retardant test specimen, the water absorption was measured from the weight increase rate when boiled at 100 ° C. for 24 hours in pure water.
[0035]
(Examples 8 to 14) As the epoxy resin of the present invention, the epoxy resin A and the phenolic resin of the present invention are compounds of formula 4, R 4 is hydrogen, number average molecular weight (Mn) is 500, hydroxyl group Those having an equivalent weight of 198 and a softening point of 73 ° C. (hereinafter referred to as “curing agent B”) were further kneaded, molded and evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 1-7. Under the present circumstances, the total content rate of these resin in a composition and the content rate of another additive are the same as Examples 1-7. Table 2 shows the results of oxygen index, glass transition temperature, and water absorption.
[0036]
(Reference Examples 1 to 7) As an epoxy resin of the present invention, as an epoxy resin A and a phenol resin related to the present invention, R 4 represented by the formula 5 is a methyl group, a number average molecular weight (Mn) is 430, a hydroxyl group A material having an equivalent weight of 136 and a softening point of 101 ° C. (hereinafter referred to as curing agent C) was further kneaded, molded and evaluated in the same manner as in the same additive as in Examples 1 to 7. Under the present circumstances, the total content rate of these resin in a composition and the content rate of another additive are the same as Examples 1-7. Table 3 shows the oxygen index, glass transition temperature, and water absorption results.
Examples 22 to 28 Epoxy resin A as an epoxy resin of the present invention and 3,3 ', 5,5'-tetramethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diglycidyl ether as an epoxy resin other than the formula 1 And a mixture of 50% by weight of biphenyl-4,4′-diglycidyl ether (epoxy equivalent 170, softening point 104 ° C., number average molecular weight 460, hereinafter referred to as epoxy resin B) at a weight ratio of 5: 5. Cured agent A as the phenolic resin of the present invention and a phenol novolak resin (number average molecular weight Mn: 500, hydroxyl equivalent: 107, softening point: 90 ° C.) In the following, the curing agent D) is mixed at a weight ratio of 6: 4 to form a resin component, and these additives are added together with the same additives as in Examples 1-7. Similarly mixed and kneaded as in Example was evaluated by molding. Under the present circumstances, the total content rate of these resin in a composition and the content rate of another additive are the same as Examples 1-7. Table 4 shows the results of oxygen index, glass transition temperature, and water absorption.
[0038]
Examples 29 to 35 As the epoxy resin of formula 1 of the present invention, R 1 is methane, X 1 is hydrogen, and R 2 is a methyl group epoxy resin trikis (glycidyloxymethylphenyl) methane (epoxy equivalent; 164 Hereafter, it is referred to as epoxy resin C), and the phenolic resins of the present invention were kneaded, molded and evaluated in the same ratio as the curing agent B and the same additive as in Examples 1-7. Under the present circumstances, the total content rate of these resin in a composition and the content rate of another additive are the same as Examples 1-7. Table 5 shows the results of oxygen index, glass transition temperature, and water absorption.
[0039]
Examples 36 to 42 As the epoxy resin of the formula 1 of the present invention, R 1 is propane, X 1 is a methyl group, and R 2 is hydrogen. Trikis (glycidyloxyphenyl) methylpropane (epoxy equivalent; 164 Hereafter, it is referred to as epoxy resin D), and the phenolic resins of the present invention were kneaded, molded and evaluated in the same ratio as the curing agent A and the same additive as in Examples 1-7. Under the present circumstances, the total content rate of these resin in a composition and the content rate of another additive are the same as Examples 1-7. Table 6 shows the results of oxygen index, glass transition temperature, and water absorption.
[0040]
(Comparative Examples 1-6) As a typical polyfunctional epoxy resin other than the epoxy resin of the present invention, an orthocresol novolac type epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent: 194, softening point: 80 ° C., hereinafter referred to as epoxy resin E), The curing agent A was kneaded, molded and evaluated in the same manner as shown in Table 7 together with the same additives as in Examples 1-7. Under the present circumstances, the total content rate of these resin in a composition and the content rate of another additive are the same as Examples 1-7. Table 7 shows the oxygen index, glass transition temperature, and water absorption results.
[0041]
(Comparative Examples 7 to 12) Epoxy resin E as an epoxy resin other than the present invention and curing agent D as a phenol resin other than the present invention in the proportions shown in Table 8 and further the same additives as in Examples 1 to 7 Kneaded, molded and evaluated in the same manner. Under the present circumstances, the total content rate of these resin in a composition and the content rate of another additive are the same as Examples 1-7. Table 8 shows the results of oxygen index, glass transition temperature, and water absorption.
[0042]
[Table 1]
[0043]
[Table 2]
[0044]
[Table 3]
[0045]
[Table 4]
[0046]
[Table 5]
[0047]
[Table 6]
[0048]
[Table 7]
[0049]
[Table 8]
[0050]
As described above, as shown in the examples, the combination system of the epoxy resin and the curing agent of the present invention is a combination of an ortho-cresol novolac type epoxy resin and a phenol resin having a high glass transition temperature and good heat resistance shown in the comparative example. It can be seen that the flame retardancy is higher than that of the system, and the heat resistance and moisture absorption typified by the glass transition temperature are also good. Furthermore, the curing agent of the present invention is added to the epoxy resin of the present invention in excess of the chemical equivalent and the hydroxyl group / epoxy group equivalent ratio is 1.25 times or more, the glass transition temperature is lowered, and the crosslinking density is decreased. It can be seen that when reduced, good flame retardancy is exhibited. In particular, flame retardancy is improved when the equivalent ratio is 1.6 times or more. However, if these equivalent ratios exceed 3.0 times, flame retardancy is not affected, but moldability represented by releasability and curability is reduced, and heat resistance and moisture absorption resistance are also lowered. .
[0051]
【The invention's effect】
The effect of the present invention is that a thermosetting resin composition typified by an epoxy resin composition having high flame retardancy, heat resistance and moisture absorption resistance without adding a conventional flame retardant having a large environmental load. It is to be able to provide things.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a flame retardant thermosetting resin according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view showing a flame retardant mechanism of a flame retardant thermosetting resin according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a view showing a flame retardant mechanism of a flame retardant thermosetting resin according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Remaining phenolic hydroxyl group 2 Epoxy resin 3 Phenolic resin 4 Phenyl ether compound
Claims (9)
前記エポキシ樹脂が、下記式1で表され、
前記フェノール樹脂類縁体は、下記式2で示されるフェノールノボラック樹脂であり、
難燃剤を含まないことを特徴とする難燃性熱硬化性樹脂組成物。
R1 は炭素数1から10の炭化水素、R2 は水素または炭素数1から10の炭化水素。)
The epoxy resin is represented by the following formula 1,
The phenol resin analog is a phenol novolac resin represented by the following formula 2,
A flame retardant thermosetting resin composition characterized by not containing a flame retardant.
R 1 is a hydrocarbon having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R 2 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. )
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