JP3661537B2

JP3661537B2 - Pinching detection device and switching device

Info

Publication number: JP3661537B2
Application number: JP2000009743A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 弘之荻野; 直史中谷; 浩二吉野; 彪長井; 成寿金澤; 雅彦伊藤; 優子藤井
Original assignee: Panasonic Corp; Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Current assignee: Panasonic Corp; Panasonic Holdings Corp
Priority date: 2000-01-19
Filing date: 2000-01-19
Publication date: 2005-06-15
Anticipated expiration: 2020-01-19
Also published as: JP2001201409A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、開口部と前記開口部を開閉する開閉部との間への物体の挟み込みを検出する挟み込み検出装置および開閉装置に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来の挟み込み検出装置は、例えば特開平１０−１３２６６９号公報に開示されているものがある。これは自動車のパワーウインドウでの挟み込みを検出するために感圧手段を窓枠に配設したもので、感圧手段は圧電材としてポリフッ化ビニリデンを用いた感圧手段を使用していた。そして、窓ガラス上昇時に窓枠と窓ガラスとの間に物体が挟み込まれると、物体の接触により感圧手段が変形を受け、その際に発生する感圧手段の出力信号に基づいて挟み込みを検出していた。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来の挟み込み検出装置は、自動車の窓枠近傍の温度が８０℃〜１００℃以上の高温になると、圧電材のポリフッ化ビニリデンの分極温度が１００℃前後であるため、圧電材が脱分極を起こして感度低下し、挟み込みを検出できないといった異常が生じるが、このような感圧手段の感度低下という異常を検出する構成がなく、信頼性が低いといった課題があった。また、挟み込み負荷により感圧手段の電極が断線した場合は、断線を検出することができないといった課題があった。
【０００４】
本発明はこのような従来の課題を解決するものであり、装置の感度低下や断線といった異常を検出できる信頼性の高い挟み込み検出装置および開閉装置を提供することを目的とする。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために本発明は、開口部と前記開閉部の少なくとも一方に配設された感圧手段の出力信号に基づき前記開口部と前記開閉部の間への物体の挟み込みを挟み込み判定手段により判定し、前記開口部又は前記開閉部の振動に対応した前記感圧手段の出力信号に基づき前記感圧手段の異常を異常判定手段により判定するものである。上記異常判定手段により感圧手段の異常を判定するので、装置の信頼性が向上する。
【０００６】
また、開口部と前記開閉部の少なくとも一方に配設された感圧手段の出力信号に基づき前記開口部と前記開閉部の間への物体の挟み込みを挟み込み判定手段により判定し、信号発生手段により前記感圧手段の電極に少なくとも１つの周波数の電気信号を印加し、その際に発生する前記電極間の出力信号に基づき前記感圧手段と前記挟み込み判定手段との異常を異常判定手段により判定するものである。上記異常判定手段により感圧手段と挟み込み判定手段の異常を判定するので、装置の信頼性が向上する。
【０００７】
【発明の実施の形態】
上記の課題を解決するために請求項１の発明は、開口部と前記開閉部の少なくとも一方に配設された感圧手段の出力信号に基づき前記開口部と前記開閉部の間への物体の挟み込みを挟み込み判定手段により判定し、異常判定手段がドアの開閉時に生じる開口部又は開閉部の振動に対応した感圧手段の出力信号に基づき前記感圧手段の異常を判定するものである。上記異常判定手段により感圧手段の異常を判定するので、装置の信頼性が向上する。
【０００８】
また請求項２の発明は、異常判定手段が移動体の運転により生じる開口部又は開閉部の振動に対応した感圧手段の出力信号に基づき前記感圧手段の異常を判定するものである。
【０００９】
また請求項３の発明は、異常判定手段が移動体の振動が前記開口部又は前記開閉部へ伝播して前記感圧手段が出力した信号に基づいて異常を判定するものである。
【００１０】
また請求項４の発明は、開口部と、前記開口部を開閉する開閉部と、前記開口部と前記開閉部の少なくとも一方に配設された少なくとも複数の検出電極を有した感圧手段と、前記感圧手段の出力信号に基づき前記開口部と前記開閉部の間への物体の挟み込みを判定する挟み込み判定手段と、前記電極と接続され予め設定され電気信号を発生する信号発生手段と、前記信号発生手段により印加された電気信号により発生する前記電極間の出力信号に基づき前記感圧手段と前記挟み込み判定手段との異常を判定する異常判定手段とを有し、前記信号発生手段は、物体が挟み込まれた際の前記感圧手段の出力信号の周波数に設定された第１の周波数の電気信号と、前記第１の周波数より大きな第２の周波数の電気信号とを発生し、前記挟み込み判定手段は第１の周波数の信号を抽出する濾波部を有し、前記異常判定手段は挟み込みを判定する際にも前記感圧手段の異常を検出することができることを特徴とするものである。よって、感圧手段の異常の検出は、挟み込み判定手段によって挟み込みを判定する際の妨害にならず、連続的にチェックすることも可能である。
【００１１】
また請求項５の発明は、開口部と、前記開口部を開閉する開閉部と、前記開口部と前記開閉部の少なくとも一方に配設された少なくとも複数の検出電極を有した感圧手段と、前記感圧手段の出力信号に基づき前記開口部と前記開閉部の間への物体の挟み込みを判定する挟み込み判定手段と、前記電極と接続され予め設定され電気信号を発生する信号発生手段と、前記信号発生手段により印加された電気信号により発生する前記電極間の出力信号に基づき前記感圧手段と前記挟み込み判定手段との異常を判定する異常判定手段とを有し、前記信号発生手段は、物体が挟み込まれた際の前記感圧手段の出力信号の周波数に設定された第１の周波数の電気信号と、前記第１の周波数より大きな第２の周波数の電気信号とを発生し、前記挟み込み判定手段は第１の周波数の信号を抽出する濾波部を有し、前記信号発生手段は、電源投入後の所定時間は第１の周波数の電気信号を発生し、その後は第２の周波数の電気信号を発生するようにしたものである。これにより電源投入後の所定時間だけ電気信号を発生して、異常を検出する。
【００１２】
また請求項６の発明は、請求項１乃至５のいずれか１項記載の挟み込み検出装置を備え、挟み込み判定時には挟み込みを解除するよう開閉部の開閉動作を制御する制御手段を有したもので、不要な挟み込みを防止することができる。
【００１３】
また請求項７の発明は、開閉部が自動車のパワーウィンドウ、自動車の電動サンルーフ、自動車のスライドドア、列車の自動ドア、飛行機の自動ドアでの不要な挟み込みを防止することができる。
【００１４】
また請求項８の発明は、請求項１または４、５項のいずれか１項に記載の挟み込み検出装置を備え、判定手段の出力信号に基づき挟み込み判定時には挟み込みを解除するよう開閉部の開閉動作を制御する制御手段を有し、開閉部が建物の自動ドアであるもので、建物の自動ドアでの不要な挟み込みを防止することができる。
【００１５】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例について図１から図１８を参照して説明する。
【００１６】
（実施例１）
実施例１の発明を図１から図９を参照して説明する。
【００１７】
図１は実施例１の発明の挟み込み検出装置及び開閉装置の外観図で、自動車のパワーウインドウに適用した場合を示している。図２は同装置のブロック図、図３は図１のＡ−Ａ′位置における断面構成図である。図３では図面右側が車室内側、左側が車外側である。
【００１８】
先ず、本発明の実施例１の挟み込み検出装置の構成は以下の通りである。図１及び図２より、１はドア、２は開口部としての窓枠、３は開閉部としての窓ガラスである。窓枠２の周縁部には感圧手段４が配設されている。５は窓枠２と窓ガラス３の間への物体の挟み込みを判定する挟み込み判定手段６と、感圧手段４の異常を判定する異常判定手段７とを内蔵した判定ユニットである。挟み込み判定手段６は感圧手段の出力信号を濾波する濾波部６ａと、濾波部６ａの出力信号に基づき挟み込みを判定する挟み込み判定部６ｂとを備えている。１０は異常判定手段７の出力信号を表示する表示部で、表示部運転席側のフロントパネルに配設される。１１はドア１の開閉状態を検出する開閉検出部である。
【００１９】
また、本発明の実施例１の開閉装置は上記の挟み込み検出装置と窓ガラス３を開閉させるパワーウインドウ駆動装置８、パワーウインドウ駆動装置８を制御する制御手段９から成る。ここで、パワーウインドウ駆動装置８はモータ８ａ、ワイヤ８ｂ、窓ガラス３の支持具８ｃ、ガイド８ｄ等から成る。モータ８ａによりワイヤ８ｂを動かし、ワイヤ８ｂと連結された支持具８ｃをガイド８ｄに沿って上下させることにより窓ガラス３を開閉する構造となっている。尚、パワーウインドウ駆動装置８は上記のようなワイヤを用いた方式に限定するものではなく、他の方式でもよい。制御手段９はモータ８ａと一体化してもよい。
【００２０】
図３に示すように、窓枠２はガラスシール１２を有している。感圧手段４は同軸状の圧電センサ４ａをゴムや発泡樹脂部材等の弾性体４ｂ中に挿入した構成を有し、弾性体４ｂを介して窓枠２に配設されている。感圧手段として複数の電極を空隙を挟んで対向させた感圧接点型の感圧スイッチを用いても良いが、窓枠２の形状が屈曲部を有するような場合は、屈曲部で電極同士が接触してしまい誤検出が生じることがある。従って、感圧接点型の感圧スイッチよりも本実施例のような無接点型の圧電センサを用いることが好ましい。また、感圧接点型の感圧スイッチは帯状の形状となるため、検出可能な圧力の方向に制約があるが、本実施例のような同軸状の圧電センサでは検出可能な圧力の方向に制約がなく、どのような方向からの圧力も検出可能であり、挟み込みを検出する感圧手段として好ましい。弾性体４ｂに使用されるゴムは、耐熱性、耐寒性を考慮して選定し、具体的には−３０℃〜８５℃で可撓性の低下が少ないものを選定することが好ましい。このようなゴムとして、例えばエチレンプロピレンゴム（ＥＰＤＭ）、クロロプレンゴム（ＣＲ）、ブチルゴム（ＩＩＲ）、シリコンゴム（Ｓｉ）、熱可塑性エラストマー等を用いればよい。弾性体４ｂは中空部４ｃを有している。図４は感圧手段４の斜視図である。弾性体４ｂは両面テープや接着剤により窓枠２に固定される。他の固定方法としてくさび型のクリップにより弾性体４ｂを窓枠２に固定したり、窓枠２に溝部を設けて溝部に弾性体４ｂをはめ込んで固定してもよく、両面テープや接着剤での固定に比べてより効率的である。
【００２１】
尚、米国の法規制ＦＭＶＳＳ１１８では、直径が最低４ｍｍの堅牢な棒を使用して挟み込みの評価を行うことになっており、直径４ｍｍの棒がどのような方向から挟み込まれても感圧手段４により挟み込みを検出することが望ましい。従って、窓ガラス３が弾性体４ｂに接触しない範囲で窓ガラス３と弾性体４ｂとの距離（図３中のｘ）をなるべく短くできるように弾性体４ｂを窓枠２に配設する必要がある。窓ガラス３の装着ばらつきや振動によるぶれを考慮すれば、ｘが３ｍｍ〜５ｍｍになるよう弾性体４ｂを窓枠２に配設することが好ましく、これにより直径４ｍｍの棒の挟み込みを検出可能となる。
【００２２】
図５は圧電センサ４ａの外観図である。圧電センサ４ａは圧電材としての複合圧電体層１３と、複合圧電体層１３を挟む検出電極としての中心電極１４及び外側電極１５と、保護用の被覆層１６とを同心円状に積層して成形した同軸ケーブル状の構成を備えている。圧電センサ４ａは以下の工程により製造される。最初に、塩素化ポリエチレンシートと（４０〜７０）ｖｏｌ％の圧電セラミック（ここでは、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛）粉末がロール法によりシート状に均一に混合される。このシートを細かくペレット状に切断した後、これらのペレットは中心電極１４と共に連続的に押し出されて複合圧電層１３を形成する。それから、外側電極１５が複合圧電体層１３の周囲に巻きつけられる。外側電極１５を取り巻いて被覆層１６も連続的に押し出される。最後に、複合圧電層１３を分極するために、中心電極１４と外側電極１５の間に（５〜１０）ｋＶ／ｍｍの直流高電圧が印加される。
【００２３】
上記塩素化ポリエチレンシートには、非晶質塩素化ポリエチレンと結晶性塩素化ポリエチレンの混合物を用いる。この場合、押し出しの加工性、可撓性、圧電特性等を考慮して、分子量６万〜１５万の非晶質塩素化ポリエチレンを７５ｗｔ％、結晶化度（１５〜２５）％で分子量２０万〜４０万の結晶性塩素化ポリエチレンを２５ｗｔ％混合した塩素化ポリエチレンが好ましいことが実験的に見出された。この混合塩素化ポリエチレンは圧電セラミック粉末を約７０ｖｏｌ％まで含むことができる。
【００２４】
この混合塩素化ポリエチレンに圧電セラミック粉体を添加するとき、前もって圧電セラミック粉体をチタン・カップリング剤の溶液に浸漬・乾燥することが好ましい。この処理により、圧電セラミック粉体表面が、チタン・カップリング剤に含まれる親水基と疎水基で覆われる。親水基は圧電セラミック粉体同志の凝集を防止し、また、疎水基は混合塩素化ポリエチレンと圧電セラミック粉体との濡れ性を増加する。この結果、圧電セラミック粉体は混合塩素化ポリエチレン中に均一に、最大７０ｖｏｌ％まで多量に添加することができる。上記チタン・カップリング剤溶液中の浸漬に代えて、混合塩素化ポリエチレンと圧電セラミック粉体のロール時にチタン・カップリング剤を添加することにより、上記と同じ効果の得られることが見出された。この処理は、特別にチタン・カップリング剤溶液中の浸漬処理を必要としない点で優れている。
【００２５】
中心電極１４は通常の金属単線導線を用いてもよいが、ここでは絶縁性高分子繊維１７の周囲に金属コイル１８を巻いた電極を用いている。絶縁性高分子繊維１７と金属コイル１８としては、電気毛布において商業的に用いられているポリエステル繊維と銀を５ｗｔ％含む銅合金がそれぞれ好ましい。
【００２６】
外側電極１５は高分子層の上に金属膜の接着された帯状電極を用い、これを複合圧電体層１３の周囲に巻きつけた構成としている。そして、高分子層としてはポリエチレン・テレフタレート（ＰＥＴ）を用い、この上にアルミニウム膜を接着した電極は、１２０℃で高い熱的安定性を有するとともに商業的にも量産されているので、外側電極１５として好ましい。この電極を挟み込み判定手段６に接続する際にはアルミニウム膜を半田付けすることが困難なため、例えばカシメやハトメにより接続する。また、外側電極１５のアルミニウム膜の回りに金属単線コイルや金属編線を巻き付けてアルミニウム膜と導通をとり、金属単線コイルや金属編線を挟み込み判定手段６に半田付けする構成としてもよく、半田付けが可能となるので作業の効率化が図れる。尚、圧電センサ４ａを外部環境の電気的雑音からシールドするために、外側電極１５は部分的に重なるようにして複合圧電体層１３の周囲に巻きつけることが好ましい。また、中心電極１４は濾波部６ａと接続され、外側電極１５は判定ユニット５の基準電位Ｖｏに接続される。
【００２７】
被覆層１６としては、ウレタン、ポリエチレン、塩化ビニールなどの適切な弾性の高分子材料が用いられる。
【００２８】
図６は感圧手段４と判定ユニット５の位置関係を示す構成図である。図６に示すように、感圧手段４はその一端を判定ユニット５に直接接続していて、感圧手段４と判定ユニット５とは一体化されている。これにより、感圧手段４と判定ユニット５とを接続するケーブル等が不要となり、合理化できる。また、感圧手段４の窓枠２以外の場所での引き回しが短くなるので、感圧手段４が挟み込み以外の不要な振動の影響を受けることがなく、挟み込みの誤検出を防止できる。判定ユニット５はドアの内張り部１９の内側に配設されている。感圧手段４が内張り部１９と接する部分には、貫通孔を設けてもよい。また、感圧手段４が内張り部１９と接する部分には、内張り部１９のびびりや車体から内張り部１９を介して感圧手段４に不要な振動が伝達しないよう振動吸収部材を配設してもよい。
【００２９】
外来の電気的ノイズを除去するため判定ユニット５はシールド部材で全体を覆って電気的にシールドすることが好ましい。また、判定ユニット５の入出力部に貫通コンデンサやＥＭＩフィルタ等を付加して強電界対策を行ってもよい。また弾性体４ｂを導電ゴム等の可撓性シールド部材で構成して感圧手段４ａのシールドを行ってもよい。
【００３０】
濾波部６ａは圧電センサ４ａの出力信号から不要な信号を除去し、物体の挟み込みに特有な周波数成分を有した信号を抽出するような濾波特性を有する。濾波特性の決定には自動車の車体の振動特性等を考慮して最適化すればよい。具体的には、自動車のエンジンや走行による振動を除去するため約１０Ｈｚ以下の信号成分を抽出するローパスフィルタとすることが望ましい。
【００３１】
尚、図１に示したように感圧手段４ａは窓枠２の水平部分と斜め部分に配設したが、窓枠２や窓ガラス３の形状及び窓ガラス３の上昇パターンにより窓枠２の垂直部分で物体が挟み込まれる可能性がある場合は、感圧手段４を窓枠２の垂直部分に配設したり、窓枠２の開口端の全周に感圧手段４を配設してもよい。また、ハードトップ車のようにドアに窓枠がない場合は、窓ガラスが全閉時に当接する車体側の部分に感圧手段を配設してもよい。
【００３２】
次に作用について説明する。図７に示すように窓枠２と窓ガラス３の間に物体Ｍが挟み込まれると弾性体４ｂが物体Ｍと接触して弾性体４ｂが圧縮され、中空部４ｃが押しつぶされる。これにより圧電センサ４ａは大きく変形する。
【００３３】
図８はこの際の濾波部６ａの出力信号Ｖ、挟み込み判定部６ｂの判定出力Ｊ、モータ８ａへの印加電圧Ｖｍを示す特性図である。時刻ｔ１でモータ８ａに＋Ｖｄの電圧を印加して窓ガラス３を上昇させる。挟み込みが起こると圧電センサ４ａからは圧電効果により圧電センサ４ａの変形の加速度に応じた信号（図８の基準電位Ｖ０より大きな信号成分）が出力される。この際、単に圧電センサ４ａを窓枠２に配設した構成であれば、窓枠２が剛体であるので挟み込みの際の圧電センサ４ａの変形はわずかであるが、本実施例の場合は図３のように圧電センサ４ａが弾性体４ｂを介して窓枠２に配設され、さらに弾性体４ｂは中空部４ｃを有している。これにより、挟み込みの際に弾性体４ｂが圧縮されて圧電センサ４ａの変形量が増大し、同時に中空部４ｃも押しつぶされて圧電センサ４ａの変形量がさらに増大する。また、環境温度が０℃以下となる低温環境下では、弾性体４ｂが硬化して圧電センサ４ａの変形量が低下する場合があるが、本実施例１では中空部４ｃが押しつぶされることにより、圧電センサ４ａの変形量の低下が抑制される。このように圧電センサ４ａは大きな変形量が得られ、変形量の２次微分値である加速度も大きくなり、結果として圧電センサ４ａの出力信号も大きくなる。これにより、本来の挟み込み時の信号成分と外来振動や電気的ノイズによる信号成分との判別がつき易くなる。
【００３４】
挟み込み判定部６ｂはＶのＶ０からの振幅Ｖ−Ｖ０がＤ０以上ならば挟み込みが生じたと判定し、時刻ｔ０で判定出力としてＬｏ→Ｈｉ→Ｌｏのバルス信号を出力する。制御手段９ではこのパルス信号があるとモータ８ａへの＋Ｖｄの電圧印加を停止し、−Ｖｄの電圧を一定時間印加して窓ガラス３を一定量下降させ、挟み込みを解除する。尚、挟み込みを解除する際、圧電センサ４ａからは変形が復元する加速度に応じた信号（図８の基準電位Ｖ０より小さな信号成分）が出力される。
【００３５】
尚、挟み込みの際、ＶがＶ０より大となるか小となるかは、圧電センサ４ａの屈曲方向や分極方向、電極の割付け（どちらを基準電位とするか）、圧電センサ４ａの支持方向により変わるため、挟み込み判定部６ｂでＶのＶ０からの振幅｜Ｖ−Ｖ０｜に基づき挟み込みを判定する構成としてもよく、ＶのＶ０に対する大小によらず挟み込みを判定することができる。
【００３６】
次に、異常判定手段７での異常判定の手順を図９に基づいて説明する。図９はドア１が開閉される際の開閉検出部１１の出力信号Ｖｄと、この際の濾波部６ａの出力信号Ｖを示す特性図である。図９より、時刻ｔ４でドア１を開き、時刻ｔ５でドアを閉じると、ドア１の開閉により窓枠２に振動が生じ、この振動が圧電センサ４ａに伝播してＶが変化する。従って、異常判定手段７はＶｄがＬｏからＨｉ又はＨｉからＬｏに変化する前後でのＶをモニタし、例えばＶがＤ１以上ならば感圧手段４は正常、ＶがＤ１未満ならば感圧手段４に感度低下があり異常であるとの判定を行う。尚、このような感度低下は、圧電センサ４ａの感度劣化や弾性体４ｂの特性変化等により生じる可能性がある。異常判定手段７の判定結果は表示部１０に表示される。尚、ドア１の開閉による圧電センサ４ａからの出力信号は物体の挟み込みの際の圧電センサ４ａからの出力信号に比べて小さいので、Ｄ１はＤ０よりも小さい値に設定される。尚、Ｖの絶対値とＤ１を比較して異常判定を行ってもよい。
【００３７】
尚、上述したように感圧手段４の複合圧電体層１４の原料として、非晶質塩素化ポリエチレンと結晶性塩素化ポリエチレンの混合物が用いられるが、非晶質塩素化ポリエチレンのみを用いると、約８０ｖｏｌ％までの圧電セラミック粉体が添加でき、このペレットは容易に押出しできる。押出された複合圧電体層１４も優れた可撓性を有する。しかし、この複合圧電体層１４は剛性が小さいために、約８０℃以上で変形し易い点で実用的でない。１２０℃でもほとんど変形しないほどの十分な剛性をこの複合圧電体層１４に付与するためには、加硫が必要である。他方、結晶性塩素化ポリエチレンのみを用いると、この複合圧電体層１４は１２０℃でもほとんど変形しないほどの十分な剛性を有するので、加硫を必要としないが、押出しが困難である。また、圧電セラミック粉体は約４０ｖｏｌ％までしか添加できない。本発明の感圧手段３は、非晶質塩素化ポリエチレンと結晶性塩素化ポリエチレンと圧電セラミック粉体とを含む混合組成物からなる複合圧電体層１４を有し、複合圧電体層１４は非晶質塩素化ポリエチレンの有する可撓性と結晶性塩素化ポリエチレンの有する高温耐久性といった、両者の利点を併せ持ち、１２０℃で１０００時間以上動作できる。また、本発明の感圧手段３は、一般の合成ゴムの製造に必要な加硫工程は不要である。
【００３８】
上記作用により、異常判定手段により感圧手段の異常を判定するので装置の信頼性が向上する。
【００３９】
また、ドアを開閉する度に感圧手段の異常を判定するので、例えばドアの開閉による振動により万一、感圧手段に異常が発生しても異常を検出することができ信頼性が向上する。
【００４０】
また、挟み込み判定手段の出力信号に基づき挟み込み判定時には挟み込みを解除するので、不要な挟み込みを防止することができる開閉装置を提供することができる。
【００４１】
（実施例２）
実施例２の発明を図１０を参照して説明する。図１０は実施例２の発明の挟み込み検出装置及び開閉装置のブロック図である。本実施例２が実施例１と相違する点は、異常検出手段７が濾波部６ａと速度検出部２０との出力信号に基づき感圧手段４の異常を検出する点にある。速度検出部２０は自動車の走行速度が予め設定された速度以上になると走行信号を出力する。この構成により、自動車の運転による走行振動が窓枠２に伝播して圧電センサ４ａが変形し、この変形に応じた出力信号が濾波部６ａから出力される。従って、異常検出手段７は速度検出部２０から走行信号が出力されると、濾波部６ａの出力信号が予め設定された設定値以上ならば正常、濾波部６ａの出力信号が前記設定値未満ならば感圧手段４に感度低下があり異常であるとの判定を行う。
【００４２】
上記作用により、走行中に感圧手段の異常を検出できるので、さらに信頼性が向上する。
【００４３】
尚、実施例２では速度検出部２０は自動車の走行振動による圧電センサ４ａの出力信号に基づき感圧手段４の異常を判定する構成であるが、アイドリング時の車体振動を圧電センサ４ａで検出して基づき感圧手段４の異常を判定する構成としてもよく、異常検出の時間範囲が広がり信頼性が向上する。
【００４４】
（実施例３）
実施例３の発明を図１１を参照して説明する。図１１は実施例３の発明の挟み込み検出装置及び開閉装置の外観図である。本実施例３が実施例１と相違する点は、感圧手段４へ振動を印加する振動発生部２１を有し、異常判定手段７は振動発生部２１により感圧手段４に印加される振動に対応した感圧手段４の出力信号に基づき感圧手段４の異常を判定する点にある。振動発生部２１による振動発生は異常検出手段７により制御され、振動発生は窓ガラス３の上昇中を除き電源投入後の一定時間行うか、間欠的又は連続的に行われる。この構成により、振動発生部２１により感圧手段４に振動が印加されると圧電センサ４ａが変形し、この変形に応じた出力信号が濾波部６ａから出力される。従って、異常検出手段７は濾波部６ａの出力信号が予め設定された設定値以上ならば正常、濾波部６ａの出力信号が前記設定値未満ならば感圧手段４に感度低下があり異常であるとの判定を行う。
【００４５】
上記作用により、運転による車体振動が小さくても振動発生部により感圧手段に振動を印加して感圧手段の異常を検出できるので、さらに信頼性が向上する。
【００４６】
（実施例４）
実施例４の発明を図１２を参照して説明する。図１２は実施例４の発明の挟み込み検出装置及び開閉装置のブロック図である。本実施例４が実施例１〜３と相違する点は、感圧手段４の中心電極１４及び外側電極１５に接続され予め設定された少なくとも１つの周波数の電気信号を発生する信号発生手段２２と、信号発生手段２２により印加された電気信号により発生する前記電極間の出力信号に基づき前記感圧手段と前記挟み込み判定手段との異常を判定する異常判定手段２３と、抵抗体２４と、コンデンサ２５とを有した点にある。異常判定手段２３は判定ユニット５に内蔵され、ピークホールド回路部２６と、異常判定部２７とを有する。信号発生手段２２は異常判定手段２３により制御される。
【００４７】
上記構成による作用を図１３に基づいて説明する。図１３は異常判定のフローチャートである。尚、挟み込み判定の手順については第１の実施例と同様であるので、ここでの説明は省略する。先ず、図１３において、ステップＳＴ１で電源が投入されると、ステップＳＴ２で信号発生手段２２は予め設定された第１の周波数ｆ_１の電気信号を一定時間ｔｃ発生する。ｆ_１は物体が挟み込まれた際の感圧手段４の出力信号の周波数に設定されており、具体的には１０Ｈｚ以下のある周波数を用いる。これにより挟み込み判定手段６には、物体が挟み込まれた時に感圧手段４から入力される信号と同様な擬似的信号が入力されるので、濾波部６ａの出力信号Ｖには図８に示したようなＤｏ以上の振幅の信号が生じ、挟み込み判定部６ｂからは判定信号Ｊとして周波数ｆ_１のＨｉ、Ｌｏのパルス信号が出力される。従って、異常判定部２７ではステップＳＴ３でこのようなＪのパルス信号をカウントし、その周波数がｆ_１であれば挟み込み判定手段６が正常であると判定し、Ｊのパルス信号の周波数がｆ_１以外であれば挟み込み判定手段６が異常であると判定する。異常判定部２７の判定結果はＳＴ１１で表示部１０に表示される。
【００４８】
次に、ＳＴ６で一定時間ｔｃが経過したと判断されると、ＳＴ７で信号発生手段２２は予め設定された第２の周波数ｆ_２の電気信号を発生する。ｆ_２はｆ_１よりも十分大きな周波数として設定される。従って、信号発生手段２２が周波数ｆ_２の電気信号を発生しても、濾波部６ａでそのような信号は除去されるので、出力信号Ｖには周波数ｆ_２の信号は現れず、挟み込み検出のための妨害にはならない。信号発生手段２２が発生する周波数ｆ_２の電気信号のピーク電圧をＶｆ、抵抗体２４の抵抗値をＲ_１、感圧手段４の圧電センサ４ａの容量をＣ_１、コンデンサ２５の容量をＣ_２とすると、ピークホールド回路部２６の出力電圧Ｖ_ｐは（数１）のように求まる。図１４は（数１）で表されるＣ_１とＶ_ｐの関係を模式的にグラフ化した特性図である。
【００４９】
【数１】

【００５０】
図１４において縦軸はＶ_ｐ、横軸はＣ_１で、横軸のみ対数軸としてある。図９より、Ｃ_１が小さいほど、すなわち、圧電センサ４ａの中心電極１４又は外側電極１５の断線位置が濾波部６ａ側に近いほどＶ_ｐは大きくなり、中心電極１４又は外側電極１５と濾波部６ａとの接続部てせ断線するとＶ_ｐはＶ_ｐ１となる。また、Ｃ_１が大きいほど、すなわち、圧電センサ４ａの中心電極１４と外側電極１５との距離が近いほどＶ_ｐは小さくなり、中心電極１４と外側電極１５とが短絡するとＶ_ｐはＶ_ｐ２となる。従って、例えば図１４に示したように、Ｃ_１がＣ_１１からＣ_１２の間であれば圧電センサ４ａの中心電極１４と外側電極１５に断線や短絡がなく正常であるといえるので、異常判定部２７ではＳＴ８で図１４中のＣ_１１及びＣ_１２に対応するＶ_ｐの値Ｖ_ｐ３及びＶ_ｐ４とピークホールド回路部２６で検出した電圧Ｖ_ｐとを比較する。そして、Ｖ_ｐがＶ_ｐ３からＶ_ｐ４の間にあればＳＴ９で感圧手段４は正常であると判定し、Ｖ_ｐがＶ_ｐ３からＶ_ｐ４の間になければＳＴ１０で感圧手段４は異常であると判定する。異常判定部２７の判定結果はＳＴ１１で表示部１０に表示される。
【００５１】
上記のように挟み込み判定手段６と感圧手段４の異常の有無が異常判定部２７により判定された後、ＳＴ１２で実施例１で示した手順に基づき挟み込みの有無が判定され、以降、ＳＴ７からの手順が電源オフまで繰り返し継続される。
【００５２】
上記作用により、感圧手段と挟み込み判定手段の双方の異常を検出することができるので装置の信頼性が向上する。
【００５３】
また、第１の周波数より大きな第２の周波数の電気信号を発生して感圧手段の異常を検出し、挟み込み判定手段は第１の周波数の信号を抽出する濾波部を有しているので、挟み込みを検出する際に第２の周波数の電気信号による妨害がなく感圧手段の異常を連続的に検出することができる。
【００５４】
また、電源投入後の所定時間だけ第１の周波数の電気信号を発生して挟み込み判定手段の異常を検出するので、消費電力を節約できる。
【００５５】
尚、実施例４では電源投入後の所定時間は第１の周波数の電気信号を発生して挟み込み判定手段の異常を検出したが、間欠的に第１の周波数の電気信号を発生したり、窓ガラス３が全閉される度に第１の周波数の電気信号を発生して挟み込み判定手段の異常を検出する構成としてもよく、信頼性が向上する。
【００５６】
また、実施例４では電源投入し所定時間後から第２の周波数の電気信号を発生して感圧手段の異常を検出したが、間欠的に第２の周波数の電気信号を発生したり、窓ガラス３が全閉される度に第２の周波数の電気信号を発生して挟み込み判定手段の異常を検出する構成としてもよく、消費電力が節約できる。
【００５７】
（実施例５）
実施例５の発明を図１５を参照して説明する。図１５は実施例５の発明の挟み込み検出装置及び開閉装置の断面図で、断面位置は図１のＡ−Ａ′位置と同じである。図１５に示したように、実施例５では窓枠２の車外側にサイドバイザ２８が固定されており、感圧手段４はサイドバイザ２８の窓枠２への取付け部又は、サイドバイザ２８の下側先端部の少なくとも１つに配設されている。
【００５８】
上記構成により、サイドバイザ２８と窓ガラス３との間に物体が挟み込まれる場合、実施例１の構成では物体が感圧手段４まで届かない場合があるが、実施例５ではサイドバイザ２８へ印加される圧力を感圧手段４して挟み込みを判定することができる。従って、実施例５に実施例１〜実施例４で述べた異常検出の構成を適用することにより、挟み込みの検出精度とともに信頼性も向上できる。
【００５９】
尚、感圧手段４の配設場所は実施例１と実施例５の構成を併用してもよく、挟み込みの検出精度をさらに拡大できる。
【００６０】
（実施例６）
実施例６の発明を図１６を参照して説明する。図１６は実施例６の発明の挟み込み検出装置及び開閉装置の断面図で、断面位置は図１のＡ−Ａ′位置と同じである。図１６に示したように、実施例６では窓ガラス３の窓枠側先端部に感圧手段４が配設されている。この構成により、サイドバイザ２８の有無にかかわらず、窓ガラス３の先端に物体が当接した時点で官圧手段４により挟み込みを検出することができる。従って、実施例６に実施例１〜実施例４で述べた異常検出の構成を適用することにより、挟み込みの検出精度をさらに向上できるとともに信頼性も向上できる。
【００６１】
（実施例７）
実施例１〜実施例６では自動車ドアのパワーウインドウでの挟み込み検出装置及び開閉装置について述べたが、本発明の挟み込み検出装置及び開閉装置の実施例７として、図１７に示したように、開閉部が自動車の電動サンルーフ３ａで、電動サンルーフ３ａの枠部２ａと電動サンルーフ３ａの先端部との少なくとも一方に感圧手段４配設した構成としてもよい。この構成により、電動サンルーフ３ａと枠部２ａとの間への物体の挟み込みを感圧手段４により検出することができる。
【００６２】
また、図１７に示したように、開閉部が自動車の電動のスライドドア３ｂで、スライドドア３ｂの枠部２ｂとスライドドア３ｂの先端部との少なくとも一方に感圧手段４を配設した構成としてもよく、スライドドア３ｂと枠部２ｂとの間への物体の挟み込みを感圧手段４により検出することができる。
【００６３】
（実施例８）
本発明の挟み込み検出装置及び開閉装置の実施例８として、図１８に示したように、開閉部が電車の自動ドア３ｃで、自動ドア３ｃの枠部２ｃと自動ドア３ｃの先端部との少なくとも一方に感圧手段４を配設した構成としてもよく、自動ドア３ｃと枠部２ｃとの間への物体の挟み込みを感圧手段４により検出することができる。
【００６４】
尚、同様な構成を飛行機や建物の自動ドアに適用したり、ガレージや店舗等の電動シャッターに適用してもよい。この場合、感圧手段は開口部と開閉部の少なくとも一方に配設すればよく、自動ドアや電動シャッターでの挟み込みを検出し、不要な挟み込みを防止することができる。
【００６５】
また、上記実施例１〜実施例８では感圧手段４は圧電センサ４ａを有した構成であったが、感圧手段４はこの構成に限定するものではなく、例えば、電極間の静電容量を検出するタイブの感圧手段や、圧力により導電率の変化するタイプの感圧手段、接点型の感圧手段等、挟み込みによる接触や押圧、振動、加速度等を検出する他の感圧手段を用いてもよい。
【００６６】
【発明の効果】
上記実施例から明らかなように、以上の発明によれば、異常判定手段により感圧手段の異常を判定するので装置の信頼性が向上するといった効果がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】実施例１の発明の挟み込み検出装置及び開閉装置の外観図
【図２】同装置のブロック図
【図３】図１のＡ−Ａ′位置における断面構成図
【図４】同装置の感圧手段の斜視図
【図５】同装置の圧電センサの外観図
【図６】同装置の感圧手段及び挟み込み判定手段の位置関係を示す構成図
【図７】物体が挟み込まれた際の図１のＡ−Ａ′位置における断面構成図
【図８】同装置の濾波部からの出力信号Ｖ、挟み込み判定部の判定出力Ｊ、モータへの印加電圧Ｖｍを示す特性図
【図９】ドアが開閉される際の開閉検出部の出力信号Ｖｄと濾波部の出力信号Ｖを示す特性図
【図１０】実施例２の発明の挟み込み検出装置及び開閉装置のブロック図
【図１１】実施例３の発明の挟み込み検出装置及び開閉装置の外観図
【図１２】実施例４の発明の挟み込み検出装置及び開閉装置のブロック図
【図１３】同装置における異常判定のフローチャート
【図１４】同装置の圧電センサの容量Ｃ_１とピークホールド回路部の出力電圧Ｖ_ｐの関係を示す特性図
【図１５】実施例５の発明の挟み込み検出装置及び開閉装置の断面図
【図１６】実施例６の発明の挟み込み検出装置及び開閉装置の断面図
【図１７】実施例７の発明の挟み込み検出装置及び開閉装置の外観図
【図１８】実施例８の発明の挟み込み検出装置及び開閉装置の外観図
【符号の説明】
１ドア
２窓枠（開口部）
２ａ枠部（開口部）
２ｂ枠部（開口部）
２ｃ枠部（開口部）
３窓ガラス（開閉部）
３ａ電動サンルーフ（開閉部）
３ｂスライドドア（開閉部）
３ｃ自動ドア（開閉部）
４感圧手段
６挟み込み判定手段
６ａ濾波部
７異常判定手段
９制御手段
１４中心電極（検出電極）
１５外側電極（検出電極）
２１振動発生部
２２信号発生手段
２３異常判定手段[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present invention relates to a pinching detection device and an opening / closing device that detect pinching of an object between an opening and an opening / closing portion that opens and closes the opening.
[0002]
[Prior art]
  A conventional pinch detection device is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-132669. This is one in which a pressure-sensitive means is disposed on a window frame in order to detect pinching in a power window of an automobile, and the pressure-sensitive means uses a pressure-sensitive means using polyvinylidene fluoride as a piezoelectric material. When an object is sandwiched between the window frame and the window glass when the window glass is raised, the pressure sensitive means is deformed by the contact of the object, and the pinching is detected based on the output signal of the pressure sensitive means generated at that time. Was.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
  However, when the temperature near the window frame of an automobile reaches a high temperature of 80 ° C. to 100 ° C. or higher, the conventional pinching detection device is depolarized because the polarization temperature of the polyvinylidene fluoride of the piezoelectric material is around 100 ° C. However, there is a problem that the reliability is low because there is no configuration for detecting such an abnormality that the sensitivity of the pressure-sensitive means is reduced. Moreover, when the electrode of the pressure-sensitive means is disconnected due to the pinching load, there is a problem that the disconnection cannot be detected.
[0004]
  The present invention solves such conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a pinch detection device and an opening / closing device with high reliability capable of detecting an abnormality such as a decrease in sensitivity or disconnection of the device.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  In order to solve the above-described problem, the present invention is configured to determine whether an object is caught between the opening and the opening / closing part based on an output signal of a pressure-sensitive means disposed in at least one of the opening and the opening / closing part. The abnormality determining means determines abnormality of the pressure sensitive means based on the output signal of the pressure sensitive means corresponding to the vibration of the opening or the opening / closing part. Since the abnormality determination unit determines the abnormality of the pressure sensitive unit, the reliability of the apparatus is improved.
[0006]
  Further, the pinch determination means determines whether the object is pinched between the opening and the opening / closing part based on the output signal of the pressure-sensitive means arranged in at least one of the opening and the opening / closing part, and the signal generating means An electrical signal having at least one frequency is applied to the electrodes of the pressure sensing means, and an abnormality between the pressure sensing means and the pinching judgment means is judged by the abnormality judgment means based on an output signal between the electrodes generated at that time. Is. Since the abnormality determination means determines the abnormality of the pressure sensing means and the pinching determination means, the reliability of the apparatus is improved.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 is directed to an object between the opening and the opening / closing part based on an output signal of a pressure-sensitive means disposed in at least one of the opening and the opening / closing part. The pinch is determined by the pinch determination means, and the abnormality determination means determines the abnormality of the pressure sensitive means based on the output signal of the pressure sensitive means corresponding to the vibration of the opening or the opening / closing part that occurs when the door is opened or closed. Since the abnormality determination unit determines the abnormality of the pressure sensitive unit, the reliability of the apparatus is improved.
[0008]
  And claims2In this invention, the abnormality determining means determines an abnormality of the pressure sensitive means based on an output signal of the pressure sensitive means corresponding to the vibration of the opening or the opening / closing part caused by the operation of the moving body.
[0009]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, the abnormality determining means determines an abnormality based on a signal output from the pressure sensing means as a result of the vibration of the moving body propagating to the opening or the opening / closing section.
[0010]
  The invention of claim 4An opening, an opening / closing part that opens and closes the opening, a pressure-sensitive means having at least a plurality of detection electrodes disposed in at least one of the opening and the opening / closing part, and an output signal of the pressure-sensitive means A pinching determination unit that determines whether the object is pinched between the opening and the opening / closing unit, a signal generation unit that is connected to the electrode and generates a preset electric signal, and an electric power applied by the signal generation unit An abnormality determining means for determining an abnormality between the pressure sensing means and the pinching determination means based on an output signal between the electrodes generated by a signal, and the signal generating means is configured to detect the feeling when an object is pinched. An electric signal having a first frequency set to the frequency of the output signal of the pressure means and an electric signal having a second frequency higher than the first frequency are generated, and the pinch determination means has a first frequency signal. Has a filtering unit for extracting, the abnormality determination means is characterized in that it is possible to detect the abnormality of the pressure sensitive means also in determining the pinching. Therefore, the detection of the abnormality of the pressure-sensitive means does not become an obstacle when determining the pinching by the pinching determination means, and can be continuously checked.
[0011]
  The invention of claim 5An opening, an opening / closing part that opens and closes the opening, a pressure-sensitive means having at least a plurality of detection electrodes disposed in at least one of the opening and the opening / closing part, and an output signal of the pressure-sensitive means A pinching determination unit that determines whether the object is pinched between the opening and the opening / closing unit, a signal generation unit that is connected to the electrode and generates a preset electric signal, and an electric power applied by the signal generation unit An abnormality determining means for determining an abnormality between the pressure sensing means and the pinching determination means based on an output signal between the electrodes generated by a signal, and the signal generating means is configured to detect the feeling when an object is pinched. An electric signal having a first frequency set to the frequency of the output signal of the pressure means and an electric signal having a second frequency higher than the first frequency are generated, and the pinch determination means has a first frequency signal. The signal generating means generates an electric signal having a first frequency for a predetermined time after power-on, and thereafter generates an electric signal having a second frequency. is there. As a result, an electric signal is generated for a predetermined time after the power is turned on to detect an abnormality.
[0012]
  And claims6The invention of claim 1 to claim5The sandwiching detection device according to any one of the above is provided, and includes a control unit that controls the opening / closing operation of the opening / closing part so as to release the sandwiching when the sandwiching is determined, and unnecessary sandwiching can be prevented.
[0013]
  And claims7In the invention, the opening / closing part is a power window of an automobile,Car electric sunroof, car sliding door, train automatic door, airplane automatic doorUnnecessary pinching can be prevented.
[0014]
  And claims8The invention of6. A pinch detection device according to claim 1, comprising control means for controlling the opening / closing operation of the opening / closing part so as to release the pinch when pinching is determined based on an output signal of the determination means. The opening and closing part is an automatic door of the building,Unnecessary pinching at the automatic door can be prevented.
[0015]
【Example】
  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
[0016]
  Example 1
  The invention of Embodiment 1 will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0017]
  FIG. 1 is an external view of a pinch detection device and an opening / closing device according to the first embodiment, and shows a case where the device is applied to a power window of an automobile. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the apparatus, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional configuration view at the position AA ′ in FIG. In FIG. 3, the right side of the drawing is the vehicle interior side, and the left side is the vehicle exterior side.
[0018]
  First, the structure of the pinching detection apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention is as follows. 1 and 2, 1 is a door, 2 is a window frame as an opening, and 3 is a window glass as an opening / closing part. Pressure sensitive means 4 is disposed on the peripheral edge of the window frame 2. Reference numeral 5 denotes a determination unit including a pinching determination unit 6 that determines whether an object is pinched between the window frame 2 and the window glass 3 and an abnormality determination unit 7 that determines whether the pressure sensitive unit 4 is abnormal. The pinch determination unit 6 includes a filtering unit 6a that filters the output signal of the pressure sensing unit, and a pinch determination unit 6b that determines pinching based on the output signal of the filtering unit 6a. Reference numeral 10 denotes a display unit that displays an output signal of the abnormality determination means 7 and is disposed on the front panel on the display unit driver's seat side. Reference numeral 11 denotes an open / close detection unit that detects the open / closed state of the door 1.
[0019]
  The opening / closing device according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes the above-described pinching detection device, a power window driving device 8 for opening / closing the window glass 3, and a control means 9 for controlling the power window driving device 8. Here, the power window driving device 8 includes a motor 8a, a wire 8b, a support 8c for the window glass 3, a guide 8d, and the like. The window 8 is opened and closed by moving the wire 8b by the motor 8a and moving the support 8c connected to the wire 8b up and down along the guide 8d. The power window driving device 8 is not limited to the method using the wire as described above, but may be another method. The control means 9 may be integrated with the motor 8a.
[0020]
  As shown in FIG. 3, the window frame 2 has a glass seal 12. The pressure-sensitive means 4 has a configuration in which a coaxial piezoelectric sensor 4a is inserted into an elastic body 4b such as rubber or a foamed resin member, and is disposed on the window frame 2 via the elastic body 4b. A pressure-sensitive contact-type pressure-sensitive switch in which a plurality of electrodes are opposed to each other with a gap may be used as the pressure-sensitive means. However, when the window frame 2 has a bent portion, the electrodes are connected at the bent portion. May come in contact and cause false detection. Therefore, it is preferable to use a contactless piezoelectric sensor as in this embodiment rather than a pressure sensitive contact type pressure sensitive switch. In addition, since the pressure-sensitive contact type pressure-sensitive switch has a band shape, the direction of pressure that can be detected is limited. However, in the case of the coaxial piezoelectric sensor as in this embodiment, the direction of pressure that can be detected is limited. Therefore, pressure from any direction can be detected, which is preferable as pressure-sensitive means for detecting pinching. The rubber used for the elastic body 4b is selected in consideration of heat resistance and cold resistance. Specifically, it is preferable to select a rubber that has a small decrease in flexibility at -30 ° C to 85 ° C. As such rubber, for example, ethylene propylene rubber (EPDM), chloroprene rubber (CR), butyl rubber (IIR), silicon rubber (Si), thermoplastic elastomer, etc. may be used. The elastic body 4b has a hollow portion 4c. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the pressure sensitive means 4. The elastic body 4b is fixed to the window frame 2 with a double-sided tape or an adhesive. As another fixing method, the elastic body 4b may be fixed to the window frame 2 by a wedge-shaped clip, or a groove portion may be provided in the window frame 2 and the elastic body 4b may be fitted into the groove portion to fix the elastic body 4b. Is more efficient than fixing
[0021]
  In addition, in the US legal regulation FMVSS118, the evaluation of pinching is performed using a robust rod having a diameter of at least 4 mm, and the pressure-sensitive means 4 is used regardless of the direction in which the rod having a diameter of 4 mm is pinched. It is desirable to detect pinching. Therefore, it is necessary to dispose the elastic body 4b on the window frame 2 so that the distance (x in FIG. 3) between the window glass 3 and the elastic body 4b can be shortened as much as possible in a range where the window glass 3 does not contact the elastic body 4b. is there. Considering the mounting variation of the window glass 3 and the vibration due to vibration, it is preferable to arrange the elastic body 4b in the window frame 2 so that x is 3 mm to 5 mm, so that it is possible to detect pinching of a rod having a diameter of 4 mm. Become.
[0022]
  FIG. 5 is an external view of the piezoelectric sensor 4a. The piezoelectric sensor 4a is formed by concentrically laminating a composite piezoelectric layer 13 as a piezoelectric material, a center electrode 14 and an outer electrode 15 as detection electrodes sandwiching the composite piezoelectric layer 13, and a protective coating layer 16. It has a coaxial cable configuration. The piezoelectric sensor 4a is manufactured by the following process. First, a chlorinated polyethylene sheet and (40-70) vol% piezoelectric ceramic (here, lead zirconate titanate) powder are uniformly mixed into a sheet by a roll method. After the sheet is finely cut into pellets, these pellets are continuously extruded together with the center electrode 14 to form the composite piezoelectric layer 13. Then, the outer electrode 15 is wound around the composite piezoelectric layer 13. The coating layer 16 is also continuously extruded around the outer electrode 15. Finally, in order to polarize the composite piezoelectric layer 13, a direct current high voltage of (5 to 10) kV / mm is applied between the center electrode 14 and the outer electrode 15.
[0023]
  For the chlorinated polyethylene sheet, a mixture of amorphous chlorinated polyethylene and crystalline chlorinated polyethylene is used. In this case, in consideration of extrusion processability, flexibility, piezoelectric characteristics, etc., 75 wt% of amorphous chlorinated polyethylene having a molecular weight of 60,000 to 150,000, and a molecular weight of 200,000 at a crystallinity (15 to 25)%. It has been experimentally found that chlorinated polyethylene mixed with 25 wt% of ~ 400,000 crystalline chlorinated polyethylene is preferred. The mixed chlorinated polyethylene can contain up to about 70 vol% piezoelectric ceramic powder.
[0024]
  When adding the piezoelectric ceramic powder to the mixed chlorinated polyethylene, it is preferable to immerse and dry the piezoelectric ceramic powder in a titanium / coupling agent solution in advance. By this treatment, the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic powder is covered with a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group contained in the titanium coupling agent. The hydrophilic group prevents aggregation between the piezoelectric ceramic powders, and the hydrophobic group increases the wettability between the mixed chlorinated polyethylene and the piezoelectric ceramic powder. As a result, the piezoelectric ceramic powder can be uniformly added to the mixed chlorinated polyethylene in a large amount up to 70 vol%. It has been found that the same effect as described above can be obtained by adding a titanium coupling agent during the roll of mixed chlorinated polyethylene and piezoelectric ceramic powder instead of immersion in the titanium coupling agent solution. . This treatment is excellent in that it does not require a special immersion treatment in a titanium / coupling agent solution.
[0025]
  The center electrode 14 may be an ordinary metal single wire, but here, an electrode in which a metal coil 18 is wound around an insulating polymer fiber 17 is used. The insulating polymer fiber 17 and the metal coil 18 are each preferably a polyester fiber commercially used in electric blankets and a copper alloy containing 5 wt% silver.
[0026]
  The outer electrode 15 has a configuration in which a band-like electrode having a metal film adhered on a polymer layer is used and is wound around the composite piezoelectric layer 13. The electrode made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as the polymer layer and bonded with an aluminum film has high thermal stability at 120 ° C. and is also mass-produced commercially. 15 is preferable. Since it is difficult to solder the aluminum film when this electrode is connected to the pinch determination means 6, it is connected by caulking or eyelet, for example. Alternatively, a metal single wire coil or a metal braided wire may be wound around the aluminum film of the outer electrode 15 to establish conduction with the aluminum film, and the metal single wire coil or the metal braided wire may be sandwiched and soldered to the determination means 6. Since it can be attached, work efficiency can be improved. In order to shield the piezoelectric sensor 4a from electrical noise in the external environment, the outer electrode 15 is preferably wound around the composite piezoelectric layer 13 so as to partially overlap. Further, the center electrode 14 is connected to the filtering unit 6 a and the outer electrode 15 is connected to the reference potential Vo of the determination unit 5.
[0027]
  As the covering layer 16, an appropriate elastic polymer material such as urethane, polyethylene, or vinyl chloride is used.
[0028]
  FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram showing the positional relationship between the pressure-sensitive means 4 and the determination unit 5. As shown in FIG. 6, one end of the pressure-sensitive means 4 is directly connected to the determination unit 5, and the pressure-sensitive means 4 and the determination unit 5 are integrated. Thereby, the cable etc. which connect the pressure sensitive means 4 and the determination unit 5 become unnecessary, and can be rationalized. Further, since the routing of the pressure-sensitive means 4 at a place other than the window frame 2 is shortened, the pressure-sensitive means 4 is not affected by unnecessary vibration other than the pinching, and erroneous detection of the pinching can be prevented. The determination unit 5 is disposed inside the door lining 19. A through hole may be provided in a portion where the pressure sensitive means 4 is in contact with the lining portion 19. In addition, a vibration absorbing member is provided at a portion where the pressure-sensitive means 4 is in contact with the lining portion 19 so that unnecessary vibration is not transmitted to the pressure-sensitive means 4 from the chatter of the lining portion 19 or from the vehicle body via the lining portion 19. Also good.
[0029]
  In order to remove external electrical noise, it is preferable that the determination unit 5 is electrically shielded by covering the whole with a shield member. Further, a strong electric field countermeasure may be taken by adding a feedthrough capacitor, an EMI filter, or the like to the input / output unit of the determination unit 5. Further, the elastic body 4b may be formed of a flexible shield member such as conductive rubber to shield the pressure-sensitive means 4a.
[0030]
  The filtering unit 6a has a filtering characteristic that removes an unnecessary signal from the output signal of the piezoelectric sensor 4a and extracts a signal having a frequency component peculiar to the object sandwiching. The determination of the filtering characteristics may be optimized in consideration of the vibration characteristics of the automobile body. Specifically, it is desirable to use a low-pass filter that extracts a signal component of about 10 Hz or less in order to remove vibrations caused by an automobile engine or running.
[0031]
  As shown in FIG. 1, the pressure-sensitive means 4 a is disposed in the horizontal part and the oblique part of the window frame 2, but the shape of the window frame 2 and the window glass 3 and the rising pattern of the window glass 3 make the window frame 2 When there is a possibility that an object is caught in the vertical part, the pressure-sensitive means 4 is arranged in the vertical part of the window frame 2 or the pressure-sensitive means 4 is arranged on the entire circumference of the opening end of the window frame 2. Also good. Further, when the door does not have a window frame as in the case of a hard-top car, a pressure-sensitive means may be provided on a part on the vehicle body side where the window glass contacts when fully closed.
[0032]
  Next, the operation will be described. As shown in FIG. 7, when the object M is sandwiched between the window frame 2 and the window glass 3, the elastic body 4b comes into contact with the object M, the elastic body 4b is compressed, and the hollow portion 4c is crushed. As a result, the piezoelectric sensor 4a is greatly deformed.
[0033]
  FIG. 8 is a characteristic diagram showing the output signal V of the filtering unit 6a, the determination output J of the pinch determination unit 6b, and the applied voltage Vm to the motor 8a. At time t1, a voltage of + Vd is applied to the motor 8a to raise the window glass 3. When pinching occurs, the piezoelectric sensor 4a outputs a signal corresponding to the deformation acceleration of the piezoelectric sensor 4a (a signal component larger than the reference potential V0 in FIG. 8) due to the piezoelectric effect. At this time, if the piezoelectric sensor 4a is simply disposed on the window frame 2, the window frame 2 is a rigid body, so that the piezoelectric sensor 4a is slightly deformed when being sandwiched. 3, the piezoelectric sensor 4a is disposed on the window frame 2 via the elastic body 4b, and the elastic body 4b further has a hollow portion 4c. As a result, the elastic body 4b is compressed when sandwiched, and the deformation amount of the piezoelectric sensor 4a is increased. At the same time, the hollow portion 4c is also crushed, and the deformation amount of the piezoelectric sensor 4a is further increased. Further, in a low temperature environment where the environmental temperature is 0 ° C. or less, the elastic body 4b may be cured and the deformation amount of the piezoelectric sensor 4a may be reduced, but in the first embodiment, the hollow portion 4c is crushed, A decrease in the deformation amount of the piezoelectric sensor 4a is suppressed. Thus, the piezoelectric sensor 4a can obtain a large amount of deformation, the acceleration that is the second derivative value of the amount of deformation also increases, and as a result, the output signal of the piezoelectric sensor 4a also increases. As a result, it becomes easy to distinguish between the original signal component and the signal component due to external vibration or electrical noise.
[0034]
  The pinching determination unit 6b determines that pinching has occurred if the amplitude V-V0 of V from V0 is equal to or greater than D0, and outputs a Lo → Hi → Lo pulse signal as a determination output at time t0. When there is this pulse signal, the control means 9 stops applying the voltage + Vd to the motor 8a, applies the voltage -Vd for a certain time, lowers the window glass 3 by a certain amount, and releases the pinching. When releasing the pinching, the piezoelectric sensor 4a outputs a signal (a signal component smaller than the reference potential V0 in FIG. 8) corresponding to the acceleration at which the deformation is restored.
[0035]
  Note that, when sandwiching, whether V is larger or smaller than V0 depends on the bending direction and polarization direction of the piezoelectric sensor 4a, the electrode allocation (which is used as a reference potential), and the supporting direction of the piezoelectric sensor 4a. Therefore, the pinching determination unit 6b may determine the pinching based on the amplitude | V−V0 | of V from V0. The pinching can be determined regardless of the magnitude of V with respect to V0.
[0036]
  Next, an abnormality determination procedure in the abnormality determination means 7 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram showing the output signal Vd of the opening / closing detection unit 11 when the door 1 is opened and closed and the output signal V of the filtering unit 6a at this time. As shown in FIG. 9, when the door 1 is opened at time t4 and closed at time t5, the window frame 2 is vibrated by opening and closing the door 1, and this vibration propagates to the piezoelectric sensor 4a and V changes. Accordingly, the abnormality determination means 7 monitors V before and after Vd changes from Lo to Hi or Hi to Lo. For example, if V is D1 or more, the pressure-sensitive means 4 is normal, and if V is less than D1, the pressure-sensitive means. 4 is judged to be abnormal because of a decrease in sensitivity. Such a decrease in sensitivity may be caused by a sensitivity deterioration of the piezoelectric sensor 4a, a characteristic change of the elastic body 4b, or the like. The determination result of the abnormality determination means 7 is displayed on the display unit 10. Since the output signal from the piezoelectric sensor 4a when the door 1 is opened and closed is smaller than the output signal from the piezoelectric sensor 4a when the object is sandwiched, D1 is set to a value smaller than D0. The abnormality determination may be performed by comparing the absolute value of V and D1.
[0037]
  As described above, a mixture of amorphous chlorinated polyethylene and crystalline chlorinated polyethylene is used as a raw material for the composite piezoelectric layer 14 of the pressure-sensitive means 4, but when only amorphous chlorinated polyethylene is used, Piezoceramic powders up to about 80 vol% can be added and the pellets can be easily extruded. The extruded composite piezoelectric layer 14 also has excellent flexibility. However, since this composite piezoelectric layer 14 has low rigidity, it is not practical in that it easily deforms at about 80 ° C. or higher. Vulcanization is necessary to impart sufficient rigidity to the composite piezoelectric layer 14 so that it hardly deforms even at 120 ° C. On the other hand, when only crystalline chlorinated polyethylene is used, this composite piezoelectric layer 14 has sufficient rigidity that it hardly deforms even at 120 ° C., so that vulcanization is not required, but extrusion is difficult. Moreover, the piezoelectric ceramic powder can be added only up to about 40 vol%. The pressure-sensitive means 3 of the present invention has a composite piezoelectric layer 14 made of a mixed composition containing amorphous chlorinated polyethylene, crystalline chlorinated polyethylene, and piezoelectric ceramic powder. It has the advantages of both the flexibility of crystalline chlorinated polyethylene and the high temperature durability of crystalline chlorinated polyethylene, and can operate at 120 ° C. for over 1000 hours. Further, the pressure-sensitive means 3 of the present invention does not require a vulcanization step necessary for producing a general synthetic rubber.
[0038]
  By the above action, the abnormality of the pressure sensitive means is judged by the abnormality judging means, so that the reliability of the apparatus is improved.
[0039]
  In addition, since the abnormality of the pressure-sensitive means is determined every time the door is opened and closed, even if an abnormality occurs in the pressure-sensitive means due to vibration due to opening and closing of the door, for example, the abnormality can be detected and the reliability is improved. .
[0040]
  In addition, since the pinching is released at the time of pinching determination based on the output signal of the pinching determination means, it is possible to provide an opening / closing device that can prevent unnecessary pinching.
[0041]
  (Example 2)
  The invention of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a pinch detection device and an opening / closing device according to the second embodiment. The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the abnormality detection means 7 detects an abnormality of the pressure sensing means 4 based on the output signals from the filtering section 6a and the speed detection section 20. The speed detection unit 20 outputs a travel signal when the travel speed of the automobile is equal to or higher than a preset speed. With this configuration, traveling vibration caused by driving the automobile propagates to the window frame 2 to deform the piezoelectric sensor 4a, and an output signal corresponding to the deformation is output from the filtering unit 6a. Accordingly, when the traveling signal is output from the speed detection unit 20, the abnormality detection unit 7 is normal if the output signal of the filtering unit 6a is greater than or equal to a preset set value, and if the output signal of the filtering unit 6a is less than the set value. In this case, it is determined that the pressure-sensitive means 4 has a sensitivity reduction and is abnormal.
[0042]
  Due to the above action, the abnormality of the pressure-sensitive means can be detected during traveling, so that the reliability is further improved.
[0043]
  In the second embodiment, the speed detector 20 is configured to determine the abnormality of the pressure-sensitive means 4 based on the output signal of the piezoelectric sensor 4a due to the vibration of the automobile. The piezoelectric sensor 4a detects the vibration of the vehicle body during idling. Therefore, the abnormality of the pressure-sensitive means 4 may be determined, and the time range of abnormality detection is widened and the reliability is improved.
[0044]
  (Example 3)
  The invention of Embodiment 3 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 11 is an external view of the pinch detection device and the switchgear according to the third embodiment. The third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it has a vibration generating section 21 that applies vibration to the pressure-sensitive means 4, and the abnormality determining means 7 is a vibration applied to the pressure-sensitive means 4 by the vibration generating section 21. The abnormality of the pressure sensitive means 4 is determined based on the output signal of the pressure sensitive means 4 corresponding to the above. The vibration generation by the vibration generator 21 is controlled by the abnormality detection means 7, and the vibration generation is performed for a certain time after the power is turned on except during the rising of the window glass 3, or intermittently or continuously. With this configuration, when vibration is applied to the pressure-sensitive means 4 by the vibration generating unit 21, the piezoelectric sensor 4a is deformed, and an output signal corresponding to the deformation is output from the filtering unit 6a. Therefore, the abnormality detecting means 7 is normal if the output signal of the filtering unit 6a is equal to or higher than a preset value, and if the output signal of the filtering unit 6a is less than the set value, the pressure sensing means 4 has a sensitivity drop and is abnormal. Judgment is made.
[0045]
  Due to the above action, even if the vehicle body vibration due to driving is small, the vibration generating unit can detect the abnormality of the pressure sensitive means by applying the vibration to the pressure sensitive means, so that the reliability is further improved.
[0046]
  Example 4
  The invention of Example 4 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a pinch detection device and an opening / closing device according to the fourth embodiment. The fourth embodiment is different from the first to third embodiments in that the signal generating means 22 is connected to the center electrode 14 and the outer electrode 15 of the pressure sensitive means 4 and generates an electrical signal having at least one preset frequency. , An abnormality determination means 23 for determining an abnormality between the pressure sensing means and the pinching determination means based on an output signal between the electrodes generated by an electric signal applied by the signal generation means 22, a resistor 24, and a capacitor 25 It is in that it has. The abnormality determination unit 23 is built in the determination unit 5 and includes a peak hold circuit unit 26 and an abnormality determination unit 27. The signal generation means 22 is controlled by the abnormality determination means 23.
[0047]
  The effect | action by the said structure is demonstrated based on FIG. FIG. 13 is a flowchart of abnormality determination. Note that the sandwiching determination procedure is the same as that in the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted. First, in FIG. 13, when the power is turned on in step ST1, the signal generating means 22 is set to a first frequency f set in advance in step ST2.₁Is generated for a predetermined time tc. f₁Is set to the frequency of the output signal of the pressure-sensitive means 4 when the object is sandwiched, and specifically, a certain frequency of 10 Hz or less is used. As a result, a pseudo signal similar to the signal inputted from the pressure sensing means 4 when the object is caught is inputted to the pinching determination means 6, and the output signal V of the filtering unit 6a is shown in FIG. A signal with an amplitude greater than Do is generated, and the pinch determination unit 6b receives the frequency f as the determination signal J.₁Hi and Lo pulse signals are output. Accordingly, the abnormality determination unit 27 counts such a J pulse signal in step ST3, and the frequency is f.₁If this is the case, it is determined that the pinching determination means 6 is normal, and the frequency of the pulse signal of J is f₁Otherwise, it is determined that the pinching determination means 6 is abnormal. The determination result of the abnormality determination unit 27 is displayed on the display unit 10 in ST11.
[0048]
  Next, when it is determined in ST6 that the fixed time tc has elapsed, in ST7, the signal generator 22 sets the second frequency f set in advance.₂The electrical signal is generated. f₂Is f₁Is set as a sufficiently larger frequency. Therefore, the signal generating means 22 has a frequency f₂Even if the electrical signal is generated, such a signal is removed by the filtering unit 6a.₂This signal does not appear and does not interfere with the pinch detection. Frequency f generated by the signal generating means 22₂The peak voltage of the electrical signal of Vf is Vf and the resistance value of the resistor 24 is R₁The capacitance of the piezoelectric sensor 4a of the pressure sensing means 4 is C₁, The capacitance of the capacitor 25 is C₂Then, the output voltage V of the peak hold circuit unit 26_pIs obtained as (Equation 1). FIG. 14 shows C expressed by (Equation 1).₁And V_pIt is the characteristic view which graphed the relationship of these.
[0049]
[Expression 1]

[0050]
  In FIG. 14, the vertical axis represents V._pThe horizontal axis is C₁Thus, only the horizontal axis is a logarithmic axis. From FIG.₁Is smaller, that is, the closer the disconnection position of the center electrode 14 or the outer electrode 15 of the piezoelectric sensor 4a is to the filtering portion 6a side, the more V_pBecomes larger, and the connection portion between the center electrode 14 or the outer electrode 15 and the filtering portion 6a breaks V_pIs V_p1It becomes. C₁Is larger, that is, as the distance between the center electrode 14 and the outer electrode 15 of the piezoelectric sensor 4a is shorter, V_pBecomes smaller, and when the center electrode 14 and the outer electrode 15 are short-circuited, V_pIs V_p2It becomes. Thus, for example, as shown in FIG.₁Is C₁₁To C₁₂Between the center electrode 14 and the outer electrode 15 of the piezoelectric sensor 4a, it can be said that there is no disconnection or short circuit, and the abnormality determination unit 27 is normal at ST8 in FIG.₁₁And C₁₂V corresponding to_pValue V_p3And V_p4And the voltage V detected by the peak hold circuit section 26._pAnd compare. And V_pIs V_p3To V_p4In step ST9, it is determined that the pressure-sensitive means 4 is normal, and V_pIs V_p3To V_p4If not, it is determined in ST10 that the pressure sensitive means 4 is abnormal. The determination result of the abnormality determination unit 27 is displayed on the display unit 10 in ST11.
[0051]
  After the presence / absence of abnormality in the pinching determination means 6 and the pressure sensing means 4 is determined by the abnormality determination unit 27 as described above, the presence / absence of pinching is determined based on the procedure shown in the first embodiment in ST12, and thereafter from ST7. This procedure is repeated repeatedly until the power is turned off.
[0052]
  Due to the above action, it is possible to detect the abnormality of both the pressure sensing means and the pinch judgment means, and thus the reliability of the apparatus is improved.
[0053]
  In addition, since an electric signal having a second frequency higher than the first frequency is generated to detect an abnormality in the pressure-sensitive means, the pinch determination means has a filtering unit that extracts the signal having the first frequency. When detecting the pinching, it is possible to continuously detect abnormality of the pressure sensing means without interference by the electric signal of the second frequency.
[0054]
  In addition, since an electric signal having the first frequency is generated for a predetermined time after the power is turned on to detect an abnormality in the pinch determination means, power consumption can be saved.
[0055]
  In the fourth embodiment, the electrical signal having the first frequency is generated for a predetermined time after the power is turned on to detect the abnormality of the pinch judging means. However, the electrical signal having the first frequency is generated intermittently or the window A configuration may be adopted in which an electrical signal having a first frequency is generated each time the glass 3 is fully closed to detect an abnormality in the pinch determination means, and reliability is improved.
[0056]
  In the fourth embodiment, the second frequency electric signal is generated after the power is turned on to detect the abnormality of the pressure sensing means after a predetermined time, but the second frequency electric signal is intermittently generated or the window is intermittently generated. A configuration may be adopted in which an electrical signal having a second frequency is generated every time the glass 3 is fully closed to detect an abnormality in the pinch determination means, and power consumption can be saved.
[0057]
  (Example 5)
  The invention of Embodiment 5 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the pinch detection device and switchgear according to the fifth embodiment. The cross-sectional position is the same as the AA ′ position in FIG. As shown in FIG. 15, in Example 5, the side visor 28 is fixed to the vehicle outer side of the window frame 2, and the pressure sensitive means 4 is the attachment portion of the side visor 28 to the window frame 2 or the lower end of the side visor 28. Disposed in at least one of the sections.
[0058]
  With the above configuration, when an object is sandwiched between the side visor 28 and the window glass 3, the object may not reach the pressure-sensitive means 4 in the configuration of the first embodiment, but in the fifth embodiment, the object is applied to the side visor 28. The pressure can be determined by pressure sensing means 4. Therefore, by applying the configuration of abnormality detection described in the first to fourth embodiments to the fifth embodiment, it is possible to improve reliability as well as pinching detection accuracy.
[0059]
  The arrangement of the pressure sensitive means 4 may be the same as that of the first and fifth embodiments, and the pinching detection accuracy can be further expanded.
[0060]
  (Example 6)
  The invention of Embodiment 6 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the pinch detection device and switchgear according to the sixth embodiment. The cross-sectional position is the same as the AA ′ position in FIG. As shown in FIG. 16, in Example 6, the pressure sensitive means 4 is arrange | positioned in the window frame side front-end | tip part of the window glass 3. As shown in FIG. With this configuration, regardless of the presence or absence of the side visor 28, it is possible to detect the pinching by the urging pressure means 4 when the object comes into contact with the tip of the window glass 3. Therefore, by applying the abnormality detection configuration described in the first to fourth embodiments to the sixth embodiment, the pinching detection accuracy can be further improved and the reliability can be improved.
[0061]
  (Example 7)
  In the first to sixth embodiments, the pinch detection device and the opening / closing device in the power window of the automobile door have been described. However, as shown in FIG. The part may be an electric sunroof 3a of an automobile, and the pressure-sensitive means 4 may be arranged on at least one of the frame part 2a of the electric sunroof 3a and the tip part of the electric sunroof 3a. With this configuration, it is possible to detect the object sandwiched between the electric sunroof 3a and the frame portion 2a by the pressure sensitive means 4.
[0062]
  Further, as shown in FIG. 17, the opening / closing part is an electric slide door 3b of an automobile, and the pressure sensitive means 4 is arranged on at least one of the frame part 2b of the slide door 3b and the tip part of the slide door 3b. Alternatively, it is possible to detect the object sandwiched between the slide door 3b and the frame portion 2b by the pressure sensitive means 4.
[0063]
  (Example 8)
  As Example 8 of the pinch detection device and the opening / closing device of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 18, the opening / closing portion is an automatic door 3c of a train, and at least of the frame portion 2c of the automatic door 3c and the tip of the automatic door 3c. The pressure sensitive means 4 may be arranged on one side, and the pressure sensitive means 4 can detect the object being caught between the automatic door 3c and the frame portion 2c.
[0064]
  A similar configuration may be applied to an automatic door of an airplane or a building, or an electric shutter such as a garage or a store. In this case, the pressure-sensitive means may be disposed in at least one of the opening portion and the opening / closing portion, and can detect the pinching at the automatic door or the electric shutter to prevent unnecessary pinching.
[0065]
  Moreover, in the said Example 1- Example 8, although the pressure sensitive means 4 was the structure which had the piezoelectric sensor 4a, the pressure sensitive means 4 is not limited to this structure, For example, the electrostatic capacitance between electrodes Other pressure-sensitive means for detecting contact, pressing, vibration, acceleration, etc. due to pinching, such as a pressure-sensitive means for detecting the type of contact, a pressure-sensitive means whose conductivity changes depending on pressure, and a contact-type pressure-sensitive means. It may be used.
[0066]
【The invention's effect】
  As is clear from the above example,that's allAccording to the invention, since the abnormality of the pressure sensing means is judged by the abnormality judgment means, there is an effect that the reliability of the apparatus is improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an external view of a pinch detection device and a switchgear according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the apparatus.
3 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram at the position AA ′ in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of pressure sensing means of the apparatus.
FIG. 5 is an external view of the piezoelectric sensor of the same device.
FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram showing the positional relationship between the pressure-sensitive means and the pinch determination means of the same device.
7 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram at the position AA ′ in FIG. 1 when an object is sandwiched.
FIG. 8 is a characteristic diagram showing an output signal V from the filtering unit of the apparatus, a determination output J of the pinch determination unit, and an applied voltage Vm to the motor.
FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram showing the output signal Vd of the opening / closing detection unit and the output signal V of the filtering unit when the door is opened / closed.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a pinch detection device and a switchgear according to the second embodiment.
FIG. 11 is an external view of a pinch detection device and a switchgear according to the third embodiment.
FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a pinch detection device and an opening / closing device according to the fourth embodiment.
FIG. 13 is a flowchart of abnormality determination in the apparatus.
FIG. 14 shows the capacitance C of the piezoelectric sensor of the same device.₁And output voltage V of peak hold circuit_pCharacteristic diagram showing the relationship
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a pinch detection device and an opening / closing device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a pinch detection device and an opening / closing device according to the sixth embodiment;
FIG. 17 is an external view of a pinch detection device and an opening / closing device according to the invention of Example 7;
FIG. 18 is an external view of a pinch detection device and a switchgear according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
  1 door
  2 Window frame (opening)
  2a Frame (opening)
  2b Frame (opening)
  2c Frame (opening)
  3 Window glass (opening and closing part)
  3a Electric sunroof (opening / closing part)
  3b Sliding door (opening / closing part)
  3c Automatic door (opening / closing part)
  4 Pressure-sensitive means
  6 Pinching determination means
  6a Filter section
  7 Abnormality judgment means
  9 Control means
  14 Center electrode (detection electrode)
  15 Outer electrode (detection electrode)
  21 Vibration generator
  22 Signal generation means
  23 Abnormality determination means

Claims

An opening, an opening / closing part that opens and closes the opening, pressure-sensitive means disposed in at least one of the opening and the opening / closing part, and the opening and the opening / closing part based on an output signal of the pressure-sensitive means The sandwiching judging means for judging whether the object is sandwiched between the pressure sensing means and the pressure sensing means corresponding to the vibration of the opening or the opening / closing part that is provided at the door and the opening and the opening / closing part are provided in the door A pinch detection device comprising: an abnormality determining means for determining an abnormality of the pressure sensitive means based on the output signal .

An opening, an opening / closing part that opens and closes the opening, pressure-sensitive means disposed in at least one of the opening and the opening / closing part, and the opening and the opening / closing part based on an output signal of the pressure-sensitive means The sandwiching judging means for judging whether the object is sandwiched between the opening, and the opening and the opening / closing part are provided in a moving body such as an automobile and a train, and the opening or the opening / closing part generated by the operation of the moving body A pinch detection device comprising: an abnormality determining unit that determines an abnormality of the pressure sensitive unit based on an output signal of the pressure sensitive unit corresponding to the above .

An opening, an opening / closing part that opens and closes the opening, pressure-sensitive means disposed in at least one of the opening and the opening / closing part, and the opening and the opening / closing part based on an output signal of the pressure-sensitive means The sandwiching judging means for judging whether the object is sandwiched between, the opening and the opening / closing part are provided in a moving body such as an automobile or a train, and the vibration of the moving body propagates to the opening or the opening / closing part. A pinch detection device comprising: an abnormality determining unit that determines an abnormality of the pressure sensitive unit based on a signal output from the pressure sensitive unit.

An opening, an opening / closing part that opens and closes the opening, a pressure-sensitive means having at least a plurality of detection electrodes disposed in at least one of the opening and the opening / closing part, and an output signal of the pressure-sensitive means A pinching determination unit that determines whether the object is pinched between the opening and the opening / closing unit, a signal generation unit that is connected to the electrode and generates a preset electric signal, and an electric power applied by the signal generation unit An abnormality determining means for determining an abnormality between the pressure sensing means and the pinching determination means based on an output signal between the electrodes generated by a signal, and the signal generating means is configured to detect the feeling when an object is pinched. An electric signal having a first frequency set to the frequency of the output signal of the pressure means and an electric signal having a second frequency higher than the first frequency are generated, and the pinch determination means has a first frequency signal. Has a filtering unit for extracting, said abnormality determining means entrapment detection apparatus, characterized in that it is possible to detect the abnormality of the pressure sensitive means also in determining the pinching.

An opening, an opening / closing part that opens and closes the opening, a pressure-sensitive means having at least a plurality of detection electrodes disposed in at least one of the opening and the opening / closing part, and an output signal of the pressure-sensitive means A pinching determination unit that determines whether the object is pinched between the opening and the opening / closing unit, a signal generation unit that is connected to the electrode and generates a preset electric signal, and an electric power applied by the signal generation unit An abnormality determining means for determining an abnormality between the pressure sensing means and the pinching determination means based on an output signal between the electrodes generated by a signal, and the signal generating means is configured to detect the feeling when an object is pinched. An electric signal having a first frequency set to the frequency of the output signal of the pressure means and an electric signal having a second frequency higher than the first frequency are generated, and the pinch determination means has a first frequency signal. Has a filtering unit for extracting the signal generating means a predetermined time after power-on generates an electrical signal of a first frequency, then entrapment detection which is adapted to generate an electrical signal of a second frequency apparatus.

An opening / closing device comprising the pinching detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , further comprising a control means for controlling an opening / closing operation of the opening / closing portion so as to release the pinching when the pinching is determined based on an output signal of the determination means.

The opening / closing device according to claim 6 , wherein the opening / closing part is at least one of a power window of an automobile, an electric sunroof of an automobile, a sliding door of an automobile, an automatic door of a train, and an automatic door of an airplane.

6. A pinch detection device according to claim 1, comprising control means for controlling the opening / closing operation of the opening / closing part so as to release the pinch when pinching is determined based on an output signal of the determination means. An opening and closing device whose opening and closing part is an automatic door of a building.