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JP3661819B2 - Manufacturing method of resin fine particles and electrophotographic toner - Google Patents
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JP3661819B2 - Manufacturing method of resin fine particles and electrophotographic toner - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of resin fine particles and electrophotographic toner Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3661819B2
JP3661819B2 JP31063496A JP31063496A JP3661819B2 JP 3661819 B2 JP3661819 B2 JP 3661819B2 JP 31063496 A JP31063496 A JP 31063496A JP 31063496 A JP31063496 A JP 31063496A JP 3661819 B2 JP3661819 B2 JP 3661819B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
fine particles
resin
spherical
water
resin fine
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JP31063496A
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JPH10147649A (en
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克昭 相羽
孝男 市岡
輝彦 田村
実 野村
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DIC Corp
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Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co Ltd
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  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、数ミクロンから数十ミクロンの粒径を有する球形あるいは略球形の樹脂微粒子の製造方法に関し、特に好ましくは、電子写真法の複写機、プリンター、フアックス等の現像に用いられる、球形あるいは略球形の乾式トナーの製造法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
球形あるいは略球形の電子写真用トナーの製造法としては、既に商品化されている重合法の他に、特開平4−303849号公報や特開平5−66600号公報などに記載の転相乳化法などが知られている。これは、結着用樹脂と着色剤を必須成分とする混合物の有機溶媒溶液と、水性媒体(水あるいは水を主成分とする溶液)とを混合し、乳化させることによりトナーサイズ(5〜20μm程度)の着色樹脂微粒子を形成させた後、分散液中から該粒子を分離し、乾燥させることによって球形あるいは略球形の電子写真用トナーを製造するものである。
【0003】
近年、複写機やプリンター等の高解像度化のためにトナーの小粒径化のニーズが強いが、粉砕法では7ミクロン程度より小さい粒径のトナーを得ようとすると歩留まりが極度に低下しコストアップになるのに対し、前記のような乳化分散の原理を利用した方法では、粒径はサブミクロンから数十ミクロンまで任意に変えられ、コストは粒径にかかわらずほぼ一定でり、小粒径になる程コスト的に粉砕法よりも有利になる。
【0004】
また乳化分散の原理を利用した方法では、トナー形状が球形あるいは略球形であるために転写効率が高く、また小粒径になっても粉体流動性が優れており、加えて、着色剤等が樹脂に内包され粒子表面への露出がほとんどないために、各トナー粒子の表面状態は粉砕法トナーに比べて格段に均一性が優れている。
【0005】
このような乳化分散の原理を利用したトナー用着色樹脂微粒子分散液の製造は、先ず、トナーとして必要な帯電性や定着性、色相などの基本物性に基づき使用する結着用樹脂を設計し、また着色剤を選択し、次いで、それら結着用樹脂や着色剤などの性質や目的とする粒径サイズなどに合わせて、使用する有機溶媒および水性媒体の種類や量、また有機溶媒溶液と水性媒体との混合・攪拌条件などを適切に選定することによって実施されている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、このような乳化分散の原理を利用したトナー用等の球形あるいは略球形の着色樹脂微粒子の分散液の製造には、本発明者らの検討では次のような問題点があった。
【0007】
使用する結着用樹脂の種類(組成や分子量など)によっては、有機溶剤の種類や水性媒体の組成、混合・攪拌条件などを種々検討しても、ボイド(粒子内空隙)のないトナーサイズ(5〜20ミクロン程度)の球形あるいは略粒径の微粒子の形成が著しく困難な場合があった。(ボイドがあると微粒子の機械的強度の低下により現像剤の寿命が低下し、また吸湿性の増大によりトナーの環境安定性が悪化する)。
【0008】
また、有機溶剤として混合溶剤を使用せざるをえない場合があり、これは溶剤の回収再使用に大きな障害になるだけでなく、後述のように、水溶解樹脂量の増大となって歩留まりの低減になる場合もあった。
【0009】
さらに、有機溶媒溶液と水性媒体との混合・攪拌などの諸条件の設定が厳しく要求されたり、あるいは混合・攪拌にかなり時間を要するなど生産性の点でも問題があった。
【0010】
本発明は、未着色の単なる樹脂粒子を得る場合においても、着色された樹脂からなるトナー粒子を得る場合においても適用することが出来る、容易に、且つ生産性良く、粒子内空隙のない、機械的強度に優れた、球形あるいは略球形の未着色又は着色された樹脂粒子等を製造できる方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記事情に鑑みなされたものであり、乳化分散工程に於いて、高せん断力を用いて先ず小粒径の微粒子を形成し、さらに攪拌を行うことによって該微粒子を会合させ、必要とする粒径を有する微粒子を得、これを分散液から分離し乾燥することにより、前記課題が解決されることを見い出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0012】
即ち本発明は、次の発明を提供する。
1.非水溶性樹脂を必須成分とする有機溶媒溶液と、水性媒体とを高せん断力下で混合・攪拌し、乳化させて樹脂微粒子(a)を形成後、引き続き混合・攪拌し、微粒子(a)を会合させることにより、より大きな粒径を有する球形樹脂微粒子(b)を形成することを特徴とする球形あるいは略球形の樹脂微粒子の製造法(以下、「乳化分散会合法」、または第1発明という。)。
【0013】
2.着色剤及び非水溶性樹脂を必須成分とする有機溶媒溶液と、水性媒体とを高せん断力下で混合・攪拌し、乳化させて着色樹脂微粒子(A)を形成後、引き続き混合・攪拌して、微粒子(A)を会合させ、より大きな球形着色樹脂微粒子(B)を形成し、液媒体中に分散している微粒子(B)を乾燥粉体として取り出すことを特徴とする球形あるいは略球形の電子写真用トナーの製造法(以下、第2発明という。)。
【0014】
上記第1発明と第2発明との相違は、主には、着色剤を必須成分とするか否か、及び会合後の微粒子形成後に、得られた微粒子を乾燥粉体として取り出すことを必須とするか否かの2点にある。尚、第1発明において、会合後の微粒子形成後に、得られた微粒子を乾燥粉体として取り出してもよいのは勿論である。
【0015】
第1発明では、数ミクロンから数十ミクロンの粒径を有する球形あるいは略球形の樹脂微粒子(b)を製造できる。
【0016】
本発明で用いられる非水溶性樹脂としては、有機溶媒溶液を調製する際に用いる有機溶媒に可溶であればよく、特に限定はないが、例えばそれ自体で水性媒体に分散しうる、自己水分散性を有する非水溶性樹脂と、それ自体では水性媒体に分散せず乳化剤または分散安定剤を用いて初めて水性媒体に分散しうる非水溶性樹脂とがある。
【0017】
この様な非水溶性樹脂としては、例えばスチレン系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、ポリエステル系樹脂、ポリウレタン系樹脂あるいはエポキシ系樹脂などが好適である。電子写真用トナーの樹脂(結着用樹脂)としては、特にスチレン−(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系共重合体が好適に用いられる。
【0018】
前記樹脂としては、充分な機械的強度を発現するに必要なレベルの分子量であればよい。そして、それは樹脂微粒子の多数ある使用目的のうちのどの目的に使用するかにあわせて選択すればよい。第1発明の適用可能分野の一つが、第2発明の様な電子写真用トナーの製造分野である。電子写真用トナーを得る場合には、通常重量平均分子量として3000〜300000のもの、スチレン系樹脂やアクリル系樹脂の場合には、10000〜300000を有するもので、かつ、DSC(示差走査熱量計)測定において、ガラス転移温度(Tg)が50〜100℃であるものが、結着用樹脂としての非水溶性樹脂に好適である。
【0019】
尚、本発明における分子量は、ポリスチレン換算ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフイーにより測定したものである。
【0020】
本発明では、非水溶性樹脂として、中和により自己水分散性となりうる樹脂を中和したものが用いることが出来るが、これを自己水分散性樹脂という。
【0021】
前記樹脂の内で、本発明で好適に用いられる自己水分散性樹脂としては、中和によりアニオン型あるいはカチオン型の親水性基となりうる官能基を含有した樹脂で、それら親水性となりうる官能基の一部または全部が塩基あるいは酸で中和された、水性媒体の作用下で、乳化剤または分散安定剤を用いることなく安定した水分散体を形成できる樹脂が挙げられる。
【0022】
非水溶性樹脂として好適な、中和により自己水分散性となりうる樹脂を中和したものの中でも、異なる2つ以上の分子量値にピークを有する分子量分布の、中和により自己水分散性となりうる樹脂を中和したものが、第2発明を実施するに当たっては好ましい。
【0023】
中和により親水性基となりうる官能基としては、アニオン型樹脂の場合には、例えば、カルボキシル基、燐酸基、スルホン酸基などのいわゆる酸性基が挙げられ、一方、カチオン型樹脂の場合には、例えば、ジメチルアミノ基、ジエチルアミノ基などのいわゆる塩基性基が挙げられる。これら官能基を含有する樹脂としては、スチレン系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、スチレンアクリル系樹脂、ポリエステル系樹脂、ポリウレタン系樹脂、エポキシ系樹脂などが挙げられる。
【0024】
中和により親水性基となりうる、カルボキシ基含有アニオン型樹脂を例にとると、当該樹脂の、中和によりアニオン性の親水性基となりうるカルボキシル基の含有量は、特に制限されるものではないが、酸価(1gを中和するに必要なKOHのmg数)10程度以上が、上記乳化分散会合法による粒子形成が容易であるので好ましい。スチレン系樹脂やアクリル系樹脂においては、特に好ましくは酸価30〜100である。
【0025】
これらに用いられる塩基性の中和剤としては、特に限定はないが、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化リチウム、水酸化カルシウム、炭酸ナトリウム、アンモニアなどの無機アルカリや、ジエチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、イソプロピルアミンなどの有機塩基が挙げられる。
【0026】
また、酸性の中和剤としては、特に限定はなく、例えば、塩酸、硫酸、燐酸などの無機酸や、蟻酸、酢酸、プロピオン酸などの有機酸が挙げられる。
【0027】
本発明において、前記非水溶性樹脂として、前記した様な、それ自体で水に分散しない、即ち自己水分散性を有しない非水溶性樹脂を用いる場合には、樹脂溶液及び/又はそれと混合する水性媒体に、乳化剤及び/又は分散安定剤を添加することが必要である。
【0028】
その分散安定剤としては、水溶性高分子化合物が好ましく、例えばポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロースなどが挙げられる。また乳化剤としては、例えばポリオキエチレンアルキルフェノールエーテル等のノニオン系、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム等のアニオン系、或いはカチオン系の各種界面活性剤が挙げられる。勿論、乳化剤の2種以上を併用してもよいし、分散安定剤の2種以上を併用してもよいし、乳化剤と分散安定剤とを併用してもよいが、分散安定剤を主体にして乳化剤を併用するのが一般的である。
【0029】
更に、前述した中和することにより自己水分散性となりうる樹脂を使用する場合であっても、必要であれば、乳化剤及び/又は分散安定剤を使用してもよい。
【0030】
この場合、乳化剤や分散安定剤を用いる場合には、その水性媒体中における濃度は、0.5〜3重量%程度となる様にするのが適当である。乳化剤や分散安定剤の使用量は、極力少量に留めることが好ましい。
【0031】
それ自体で水に分散しない非水溶性樹脂に、乳化剤及び/又は分散安定剤を組み合わせて本発明を実施するのに比べて、中和により水に分散しうる樹脂を中和してそれ自体で水に分散しうる様にした、自己水分散性樹脂を用いるほうが、最終的に乳化剤や分散安定剤による、吸湿やブリード等の不都合がより少なく、その不都合を回避するための後述する様な洗浄工程も省略でき、生産性もより良好になるので、より好ましい。
【0032】
本発明に於ける非水溶性樹脂の溶解および着色剤等の分散のために用いられる有機溶媒としては、例えばペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、シクロヘキサン、石油エーテルなどの炭化水素類;塩化メチレン、クロロホルム、ジクロロエタン、ジクロロエチレン、トリクロロエタン、トリクロロエチレン、四塩化炭素などのハロゲン化炭化水素類;メタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール、n−プロピルアルコール、ブタノールなどのアルコール類;アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトンなどのケトン類;酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチルなどのエステル類、などが挙げられ、これらの二種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
【0033】
これらの内で、水に対する溶解度が低く、また沸点が50〜90℃程度内にある有機溶剤を一種類のみ使用するのが、溶剤の回収再使用、水可溶樹脂量の低減(歩留まりアップ)および作業性などの観点から本発明に特に好適な有機溶媒である。
【0034】
ここでいう水可溶樹脂量というのは、微粒子(bあるいはB)を形成し、有機溶媒を除去した後に、水分散液に溶解している樹脂量を指し、これは分散している該微粒子を濾別する時に濾液として流出されるものなので、少ない程、粒子の歩留まりは良好となる。この水溶解樹脂量は使用する有機溶媒の疎水性の高い程少なくなる傾向があるので、水に対する溶解度の低い溶媒が好適である。
【0035】
本発明のトナーを得るのに用いられる着色剤としては、特に制限はないが、例えばカーボンブラック、銅フタロシアニン系顔料、アゾ系顔料、ベンジジン系顔料、キナクリドン系顔料、磁性粉等のトナー用材料として公知慣用の各種顔料類や染料類が挙げられる。着色剤としては、後述する水性媒体等よりも非水溶性樹脂のほうに親和性の高いもののほうが、着色剤が内包された微粒子(aまたはA)が得られやすいので好ましい。着色剤の含有量としては、結着用に用いる樹脂に対し、3〜15重量%とすることが好ましい。
【0036】
本発明のトナーには、必要に応じて、クロム系含金属錯塩染料、ニグロシン等の帯電制御剤や、ポリエチレンワックス、ポリプロピレンワックス、パラフインワックスなどのワックス類(離型剤)、さらにシリコンオイル等の添加剤を、結着用樹脂に対し0.1〜10重量%程度含んでもよい。
【0037】
本発明を実施するに当たっては、前記原料を用いて水性媒体と混合するための有機溶剤溶液を調製する。本発明のうち第1発明を実施する場合には、非水溶性樹脂と有機溶媒とを必須成分として混合し有機溶媒溶液を予め調製する。勿論、この第1発明では、非水溶性樹脂のみやそれを主成分とした有機溶剤溶液であってもよいが、そこに着色剤を含める様にしてもよいし、含めない様にしてもよい。第2発明を実施する場合には、着色剤と非水溶性樹脂と有機溶媒とを必須成分として混合し、着色剤を含む有機溶媒溶液を予め調製して用いる。いずれの発明においても、場合によっては、この有機溶剤溶液に水を必要量含めておくことも出来る。
【0038】
これらの添加剤や前記着色剤の添加については、非水溶性樹脂を必須成分とするの有機溶媒溶液にこれらを添加後、ボールミルや連続式ビーズミルのような一般的な混合・分散機を用いて十分に粉砕・混合させるなどの方法でよい。この有機溶剤溶液の調製時は、特に高せん断力下でも低せん断力下でも行うことが出来る。
【0039】
本発明で水性媒体とは、水のみ又は水を主成分として含む液媒体をいう。水としては、水道水、イオン交換水、精製水、純水、超純水等が使用できる。
【0040】
本発明に於ける微粒子(aあるいはA)の形成では、公知慣用の乳化分散機、特に、粒子径を0.5〜5μm程度の範囲にコントロールできる乳化分散機が好適に使用できる。ここで使用するに適する高せん断力を有する混合・攪拌装置としては、一般的に高速せん断タービン型分散機といわれるもので、ホモミクサー(特殊機化工業社製)、デイスパー(特殊機化工業社製)、ウルトラ・タラックス(ドイツ)、ケデイミル(アメリカ)、シャーフロー(アメリカ)、シルバーソンミキサー(イギリス)、ハレルホモジナイザー(ドイツ)などが挙げられる。
【0041】
また、スラッシャー(三井鉱山株式会社)やキャビトロン(株式会社ユーロテック)のような高速回転するローターとそれに噛み合うステータによる乳化分散機、マイクロフルイダイザー(みづほ工業株式会社)、マイクロホモジナイザー(みづほ工業株式会社)、マントン・ゴーリンホモジナイザー(ゴーリン社)やナノマイザー(ナノマイザー株式会社)のような特殊形状のチャンバーとポンプの供給エネルギーとの相互作用による乳化分散機、スタテイックミキサー(ノリタケカンパニー)のような駆動部のない静止型管内連続混合器でもよい。
【0042】
また微粒子(aあるいはA)は、引き続き混合撹拌すると会合させることができる。微粒子(aあるいはA)を会合させて目的とする球形あるいは略球形の微粒子(bあるいはB)を得るには、フアウドラー翼、パドル翼、プロペラ翼、アンカー翼などの低せん断力の攪拌装置に変えて混合・攪拌するか、あるいは前記ホモミクサーやデスパーなどのような高速せん断タービン型分散機で引き続き混合・攪拌することでもよい。
【0043】
せん断力の調節は、最初の撹拌混合と引き続く撹拌混合で同一の混合器を用いた場合には、例えば混合に回転板や撹拌翼を利用するものにおいては、回転速度を調整したり、衝突等を利用するものにおいては圧力を調整したりして行うことが出来る。
【0044】
最初の混合撹拌工程は、高せん断力下で行い、会合させるための引き続く混合撹拌工程は、前記よりもより低せん断力下で行う様にするのが好ましい場合がある。最初の高せん断力で、液媒体中での粒子間衝突頻度を高めて微粒子化を行い、所望のより小さい粒子径の微粒子を得てから、引き続き、先よりせん断力を相対的に低い雰囲気におくことにより、粒子の微粒子化よりも会合をより優先させることができ、最初に得た微粒子を、球形(真球形)から略球形のより大きな粒子径にできる場合がある。
【0045】
本発明の製造法では、最初の混合撹拌工程に引き続く混合撹拌工程で、前者工程で得られたのより、より粒子径大なる微粒子とならねばならない。本発明においては、会合の程度により最終的に得られる微粒子は、数ミクロンから数十ミクロンの範囲で任意の粒径に調節することが出来る。微粒子をトナーとして用いる場合には、サイズとして平均粒径5〜20μmとするのが好適である。
【0046】
微粒子(aあるいはA)の平均粒径は0.5〜5μm程度の範囲、好ましくは1〜4μmに調節することが、会合工程で目的とする5〜20μmの微粒子(bあるいはB)を得るのに好都合である。
【0047】
尚、微粒子(aあるいはA)は、有機溶媒溶液と水系媒体を高せん断力で混合・攪拌するとほぼ瞬時に形成されるが、微粒子(bあるいはB)は、1分から120分程度混合・攪拌して形成するのが適当である。微粒子の会合を停止させるには、微粒子の衝突接触頻度を低下させるため、微粒子が所定の粒子径となった段階で、例えば微粒子を含む液媒体の撹拌混合を停止させたり、それに加えて液媒体を除去したり、或いはまた、撹拌混合している微粒子を含む液媒体を、当該微粒子を含まない任意の液媒体で希釈する等の手法を採用できる場合がある。
【0048】
微粒子(aあるいはA)および微粒子(bあるいはB)を形成する際の液温度は5〜50℃程度ならよいが、作業性などの点から10〜40℃の範囲内で行うことが好ましい。
【0049】
本発明による乳化分散会合法により得られた、着色された又は着色されていない樹脂微粒子の水性分散液は、そのままで使用することもできるが、未着色または着色された樹脂微粒子の水性分散液は、通常、濾過等の手段で濾別して、液媒体を除去してから乾燥することにより、電子写真用粉体トナーとして使用することが出来る。乳化剤や分散安定剤を用いて得た着色樹脂微粒子は、より充分に洗浄して用いることが好ましい。
【0050】
微粒子を会合させた、より大きな球形微粒子を含む液媒体分散液中に分散している微粒子を乾燥粉体として取り出すには、そのまま、有機溶媒と水とを両方含む液媒体を同時に濾別してもよいが、予めより大きな球形微粒子を含む液媒体分散液中から有機溶媒のみを除去し、水性媒体中に分散している微粒子を乾燥粉体として取り出すことが好ましい。
【0051】
勿論、結着用樹脂として、中和によりアニオン性の親水性基となる、酸性基を有する非水溶性樹脂を塩基性の中和剤で中和して得た自己水分散性樹脂を用いて樹脂微粒子を本発明で得る場合においては、有機溶媒を予め除去した後、前記酸性の中和剤で、微粒子表面の、塩基性化合物でもって中和されて得られた親水性基をもとの官能基に戻す逆中和処理を行い、微粒子そのものの親水性をより低下させてから、水を除去して濾別乾燥するという方法を採用することが好ましい。
【0052】
前記乾燥は、公知慣用の方法がいずれも採用できるが、例えばトナー粒子が熱融着や凝集しない温度で、常圧下又は減圧下で乾燥してもよいし、凍結乾燥するという方法も挙げられる。また、スプレードライヤー等を用いて、水性媒体からのトナー粒子の分離と乾燥とを同時に行うという方法もある。勿論、この手法は、着色剤を含まない樹脂微粒子の場合にも採用できる。
【0053】
尚、本発明で得られる未着色樹脂微粒子又は着色した樹脂微粒子を粉体として用いる場合の前記乾燥条件は、それら微粒子が融着したり凝集したりしない温度で行うことが好ましい。
【0054】
本発明にて得られるトナー粒子は、SEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)で観察すると、ワーデルの実用球形度(粒子の投影面積に等しい面積を持つ円の直径と粒子の投影像に外接する最小円の直径との比)が0.9程度以上の球形あるいは略球形である。
【0055】
また、本発明のトナー粒子は、樹脂包埋しミクロトームで切断した断面をTEM(透過型電子顕微鏡)で観察したところ、着色剤は粒子に内包されて均一に分散し、ボイド(粒子内空隙)の存在は認められず、キャリアーとの長時間による強攪試験に於いても微粉の発生がなく、電子写真用トナー粒子として十分な機械的強度を有している。
【0056】
本発明のトナー粉体の粒子サイズとしては、トナーとしての実用的レベル内で任意の大きさを選定できる。現状のマシンとのマッチング性からは、その体積平均粒子径が4〜20μm、好ましくは、5〜15μmの範囲のものが好適である。
【0057】
尚、本発明における体積平均粒子径は「コールターマルチサイザー」(株式会社日科機)を使用して測定することができる。
【0058】
得られた球形あるいは略球形の着色樹脂微粒子からなる乾燥粉体トナーは、そのままでも電子写真用トナーとして使用することができるが、疎水性シリカ、酸化チタン、酸化アルミなどの無機微粒子や各種ポリマ微粒子などから適当なものを選択し、外添処理をしてからトナーとして使用する方が好ましい。これら無機微粒子やポリマ微粒子は、比較的大きな粒子径のものと比較的小さな粒子径のものとを併用することもできる。
【0059】
この様にして得られた本発明の電子写真用トナーは、キャリアと組み合わせることにより二成分現像剤として、また非磁性一成分トナーあるいは磁性一成分トナーとして使用することができる。
【0060】
キャリアとしては、公知慣用のものがいずれも使用できるが、例えば、鉄、ニッケル、銅、亜鉛、コバルト、マンガン、クロム、希土類等の金属及びそれらの合金又は酸化物、表面処理されたガラス、シリカ等の粉末が使用できる。勿論、シリコーン樹脂、アクリル樹脂やフッ素樹脂等で被覆されたフエライトキャリアやマグネタイトキャリアも使用できる。キャリアの粒子径としては、例えば20〜200ミクロン程度のものが使用される。
【0061】
本発明で得られたトナーと、キャリアとから二成分型静電荷像現像剤を得る場合には、例えばキャリア100重量部当たり、トナー1〜15重量部となる様な割合で混合して用いればよい。
【0062】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、次の実施形態を含む。
1.非水溶性樹脂を必須成分とする有機溶媒溶液と、水性媒体とを高せん断力下で混合・攪拌し、乳化させて樹脂微粒子(a)を形成後、引き続き混合・攪拌し、微粒子(a)を会合させることにより、より大きな粒径を有する球形樹脂微粒子(b)を形成することを特徴とする球形あるいは略球形の樹脂微粒子の製造法。
【0063】
2.非水溶性樹脂として、中和により自己水分散性となりうる樹脂を中和したものを用いる上記1記載の製造法。
【0064】
3.非水溶性樹脂として、異なる2つ以上の分子量値にピークを有する分子量分布の、中和により自己水分散性となりうる樹脂を中和したものを用いる上記1記載の製造法。
【0065】
4.有機溶媒が、1種のみである1、2または3記載の製造法。
【0066】
5.着色剤としてカーボンを、非水溶性樹脂としてスチレン−(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系共重合体を用いて、着色樹脂微粒子(A)形成後に引き続く混合・攪拌を、当該微粒子(A)を得た際よりも低いせん断力で行う、上記1、2、3または4記載の製造法。
【0067】
6.着色剤及び非水溶性樹脂を必須成分とする有機溶媒溶液と、水性媒体とを高せん断力下で混合・攪拌し、乳化させて着色樹脂微粒子(A)を形成後、引き続き混合・攪拌して、微粒子(A)を会合させ、より大きな球形着色樹脂微粒子(B)を形成し、液媒体中に分散している微粒子(B)を乾燥粉体として取り出すことを特徴とする球形あるいは略球形の電子写真用トナーの製造法。
【0068】
7.より大きな球形着色樹脂微粒子(B)を含む液媒体から有機溶媒を除去して水性媒体となし、当該水性媒体中に分散している当該微粒子(B)を乾燥粉体として取り出す上記6記載の製造法。
【0069】
8.非水溶性樹脂として、中和により自己水分散性となりうる樹脂を中和したものを用いる上記6または7記載の製造法。
【0070】
9.非水溶性樹脂として、異なる2つ以上の分子量値にピークを有する分子量分布の、中和により自己水分散性となりうる樹脂を中和したものを用いる上記6又は7記載の製造法。
【0071】
10.有機溶媒が、1種のみである上記6、7、8または9記載の製造法。
【0072】
11.着色剤としてカーボンを、非水溶性樹脂としてスチレン−(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系共重合体を用いて、着色樹脂微粒子(A)形成後に引き続く混合・攪拌を、当該微粒子(A)を得た際よりも低いせん断力で行う上記6、7、89、または10の製造法。
【0073】
本発明の好ましい実施形態は次の通りである。
カルボキシル基を有する自己水分散性を有する結着用樹脂の有機溶媒溶液に着色剤を混合分散してミルベースとし、これに前記樹脂を自己水分散性とするに足る量の塩基性中和剤を混合し、水を含んでいてもよいこの有機溶媒溶液と、水性媒体を高せん断力下で混合・攪拌して1〜4μm程度の微粒子を形成後、低せん断力下で混合・攪拌して該微粒子を会合させ、混合撹拌を停止し、5〜20μm程度の球形あるいは略球形の着色樹脂微粒子からなる分散液を得る。
【0074】
この時、着色剤としてカーボンブラックを、非水溶性樹脂として、重量平均分子量Mw10000〜300000、Tg50〜100℃のスチレン−(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系共重合体を用いて、着色樹脂微粒子形成後に引き続く混合・攪拌を、当該微粒子を得た際よりも低いせん断力で行う様にして、2つ以上の微粒子の会合により、より微粒子を大きい粒子径とする。
【0075】
上記分散液から、直ちに有機溶媒を除去し、次いで着色樹脂微粒子の表面に存在する、塩基性中和剤で中和されたカルボキシル基を、元のカルボキシル基に戻すために無機酸水溶液で逆中和を行い、その後で当該微粒子を濾別し水洗してから、それを微粒子同志が融着しない条件で乾燥させて、体積平均粒径が5〜20μmの球形あるいは略球形の着色樹脂微粒子の粉体を得る。
【0076】
得られた微粒子粉体重量に対して0.1〜3重量%の、一次粒子の平均径が5〜50nm程度の疎水性無機微粒子を混合機で外添し、電子写真用トナーを得る。
【0077】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例を示し、本発明を更に具体的に説明する。しかしながら、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。なお、「部」は、全て重量基準であるものとする。
【0078】
(実施例 1)
メチルエチルケトンの700部を反応容器に入れ、加熱して80℃とした。次いで、アクリル酸77部、スチレン600部、アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル 143部、メタクリル酸メチル180部、「パーブチルO」(日本油脂製重合開始剤)7部の混合物を、約2時間に亘って滴下した。上記混合物を滴下終了後、4時間毎に、「パーブチルO」の2部を反応液に加え、24時間に亘って、80℃で反応を続けた。反応は窒素雰囲気下にて行った。反応終了後、メチルエチルケトンにて不揮発分が50重量%になるよう調整して、重量平均分子量が約58000、樹脂固形分の酸価が約60でTgが約70℃なる、アニオン性合成樹脂の溶液を得た。
【0079】
この樹脂溶液1000部、メチルエチルケトン335部および「エルフテックス8」(キャボット社製カーボンブラック)56部を、「パールミル」(アシザワ株式会社)にて混合し不揮発分が40%のミルベースを調製した。
【0080】
このミルベース250部、1規定水酸化ナトリウム水溶液12.5部、水136部の混合溶液をデイスパー(特殊機化工業製ロボミックス、攪拌部直径30mm)を用いて10000RPMで混合・攪拌しながら水136部を添加すると、直ちに平均粒径2.5ミクロンの球形微粒子の分散液が得られた(液温20℃)。この分散液をフアウドラー翼(直径70mm)を備えた容器に移し、450RPMで混合・攪拌を60分間行い平均粒径8.0ミクロンの略球形微粒子の分散液を得た(液温20℃)。
【0081】
次いで、減圧蒸留により有機溶剤を除去し、1規定塩酸水溶液を加えてPHを約3とし、濾過、水洗後、ウエットケーキを乾燥して、中和により自己水分散しうる非水溶性樹脂を結着用樹脂とする着色樹脂微粒子粉末を得た。
【0082】
この着色樹脂微粒子は、コールターカウンターによる測定で、体積平均粒子径が8.0μmであった。またこの微粒子をSEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)で観察すると略球形であり、微粒子を樹脂包埋しミクロトームで切削した断面をTEM(透過型電子顕微鏡)で観察したところ、カーボンブラックが粒子内に均一に分散し、ボイド(空隙)の存在は認められなかった。
【0083】
この略球形着色樹脂微粒子に、疎水性シリカ 「AEROSIL R976」(日本アエロジル社製)の0.7重量%をヘンシェルミキサーを使用して外添し、トナーとした。このトナーを非磁性プリンター(エプソン社製LP−1700)に用いたところ十分実用に供しうる良好な画像が得られた。
【0084】
また前記トナー4重量部に粒子径80μmのシリコンコートフェライトキャリア(パウダーテック社製)100重量部を加えて混合し、ブローオフ帯電量を測定したところ−29μC/gを示し、この現像剤を市販の複写機(三田工業製DC−111)に用いたところ十分実用に供しうる良好な画像がえられた。
【0085】
(実施例 2)
反応容器にメチルエチルケトン/イソプロピルアルコール/水の114/12/24部を仕込んでから、80℃に昇温し、下記の組成1の混合物を一括して仕込み、反応を開始した。
【0086】

Figure 0003661819
【0087】
ついで、3時間後から1時間おきに、反応樹脂溶液の約10部をサンプリングし、同量のメチルエチルケトンで希釈し、ガードナー粘度計で粘度を測定した。粘度がPーQとなる時点で、メチルエチルケトン/イソプロピルアルコールの567/63部を添加し、温度が80℃になってから、組成2の混合物を1時間にわたって滴下した。なお、この時のモノマー残存率をガスクロマトグラフィーで定量することで1段目の重合率を計算すると、60%であった。
【0088】
Figure 0003661819
【0089】
滴下終了後、3時間毎に3回「パーブチルO」の2部を添加し、さらに4時間反応を継続してから終了した。反応は全て窒素雰囲気下にて行った。樹脂固形分の酸価70、Tg61℃、分子量分布チャートで360000と35000にピークを有し重量平均分子量が124000であるアニオン性合成樹脂の溶液を得た。反応終了後、メチルエチルケトンで不揮発分が50%になるように調整して樹脂溶液とした。
【0090】
この樹脂溶液1000部、メチルエチルケトン335部および「エルフテックス8」56部を、「パールミル」にて混合し不揮発分が40%のミルベースを調製した。
【0091】
このミルベース250部、1規定水酸化ナトリウム水溶液14.6部、水212部の混合溶液をホモミクサー(特殊機化工業製ロボミックス)を用いて10000RPMで混合・攪拌しながら水212部を添加すると、約10秒で平均粒径3.5ミクロンの球形微粒子の分散液が得られた(液温15℃)。この分散液をフアウドラー翼(直径70mm)を備えた容器に移し、750RPMで混合・攪拌を120分間行い平均粒径6.5ミクロンの球形微粒子の分散液を得た(液温20℃)。
【0092】
次いで、実施例1と同様な処理を行い、中和により自己水分散しうる非水溶性樹脂を結着用樹脂とする球形の着色樹脂微粒子粉末を得た。
【0093】
この略球形着色樹脂微粒子に、疎水性シリカ 「AEROSIL R972」(日本アエロジル社製)の0.7重量%をヘンシェルミキサーを使用して外添し、トナーとした。このトナーを非磁性プリンター(エプソン社製LP−1700)に用いたところ十分実用に供しうる良好な画像が得られた。
【0094】
また前記トナー4重量部に粒子径80μmのシリコンコートフェライトキャリア(パウダーテック社製)100重量部を加えて混合し、ブローオフ帯電量を測定したところ−27μC/gを示し、この現像剤を市販の複写機(三田工業製DC−111)に用いたところ十分実用に供しうる良好な画像がえられた。
【0095】
(比較例 1)
実施例1で用いたと同じミルベース250部、1N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液12.5部、水136部の混合溶液を、マックスブレンド翼(住友重機械工業製)を用いて攪拌・混合しながら、水136部を添加した。マックスブレンド翼の回転数を100〜700RPMまで変えて実験したが、0.5〜20μm程度の粒子の形成はできなかった。
【0096】
(比較例 2)
実施例2で用いたと同じミルベース250部、1N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液14.6部、水212部の混合溶液を、フアウドラー翼を用いて攪拌・混合しながら、水212部を添加した。フアウドラー翼の回転数を200〜800RPMまで変えて実験したが、0.5〜20μm程度の粒子の形成はできなかった。
【0097】
実施例1と比較例1〜2との対比からわかる通り、低せん断力下で混合撹拌をしても、目的とする着色樹脂微粒子が得られないことがわかる。また、疎水性シリカを加える前の、各実施例の電子写真用トナーは、いずれも機械的強度に優れ、現像剤寿命がより長く、吸湿性も少なく環境安定性に優れていた。
【0098】
さらに、着色樹脂微粒子を含む水性分散液の減圧蒸留による脱溶媒〜乾燥の各行程に要する時間が、従来の転相乳化法と本発明の乳化分散会合法と同一時間を要するのであれば、上記各実施例の本発明の電子写真用粉体トナーの製造法は、転相乳化法によって同様な要求特性を有する電子写真用粉体トナーを得る製造法に比べれば、より短時間で同量、又は同一時間内により多量のトナーを得ることができた(生産性に優れる)うえ、製造法の操作作業自体もより簡便となった。
【0099】
【発明の効果】
本発明では、非水溶性樹脂を必須成分とする必要に応じて着色剤を含む有機溶媒溶液と、水性媒体とを高せん断力で混合・攪拌し、乳化させて未着色または着色された樹脂微粒子を形成後、引き続き攪拌して、該微粒子を会合させ、前記より大きい粒径をもった未着色または着色された樹脂微粒子を形成するという乳化分散会合法を採用するので、簡便な操作で生産性良く、機械的強度に優れた球形あるいは略球形の微粒子を製造できるという格別顕著な効果を奏する。
【0100】
また前記工程に、更に、付加工程である、有機溶媒を除去し、水性媒体中に分散している微粒子を乾燥粉体として取り出す工程をも有する電子写真用トナーの製造法では、付加工程に同一時間を要するなら、前記工程に従来の転相乳化法を採用するのに比べて、比較的簡便に、且つ生産性良く、機械的強度に優れる結果トナー寿命に優れ、かつ吸湿性がより少ない結果環境安定性に優れた、球形あるいは略球形の電子写真用トナーを製造できる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing spherical or substantially spherical resin fine particles having a particle diameter of several microns to several tens of microns, and particularly preferably used for development in electrophotographic copying machines, printers, faxes, etc. The present invention relates to a method for producing a substantially spherical dry toner.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a method for producing a spherical or substantially spherical electrophotographic toner, in addition to a polymerization method that has already been commercialized, a phase inversion emulsification method described in JP-A-4-303849, JP-A-5-66600, or the like. Etc. are known. The toner size (about 5 to 20 μm) is obtained by mixing and emulsifying an organic solvent solution of a mixture containing a binder resin and a colorant as essential components and an aqueous medium (water or a solution containing water as a main component). ) Colored resin fine particles are formed, and then the particles are separated from the dispersion and dried to produce a spherical or substantially spherical electrophotographic toner.
[0003]
In recent years, there has been a strong need to reduce the particle size of toner for higher resolution in copying machines, printers, etc., but with the pulverization method, trying to obtain toner with a particle size smaller than about 7 microns causes a drastic reduction in yield and cost. On the other hand, in the method using the principle of emulsification dispersion as described above, the particle size can be arbitrarily changed from submicron to several tens of microns, and the cost is almost constant regardless of the particle size. The diameter becomes more advantageous than the grinding method in terms of cost.
[0004]
In the method using the principle of emulsification and dispersion, the toner shape is spherical or substantially spherical, so that the transfer efficiency is high, and the powder fluidity is excellent even when the particle size is small. Is encapsulated in the resin and there is almost no exposure to the particle surface, so the surface state of each toner particle is much more uniform than the pulverized toner.
[0005]
The production of colored resin fine particle dispersions for toners utilizing the principle of emulsification and dispersion involves first designing the binder resin to be used based on basic physical properties such as charging properties, fixing properties and hues necessary for the toner. The colorant is selected, and then the type and amount of the organic solvent and aqueous medium to be used, the organic solvent solution and the aqueous medium, according to the properties of the binding resin and the colorant, the target particle size, etc. This is implemented by appropriately selecting the mixing and stirring conditions.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the production of a dispersion of spherical or substantially spherical colored resin fine particles for toner or the like using the principle of emulsification and dispersion has the following problems in the study by the present inventors.
[0007]
Depending on the type of binding resin used (composition, molecular weight, etc.), the toner size (5) In some cases, it was extremely difficult to form spherical particles or particles having a particle size of about 20 microns. (If there is a void, the life of the developer is reduced due to the decrease in the mechanical strength of the fine particles, and the environmental stability of the toner is deteriorated due to an increase in hygroscopicity).
[0008]
In addition, there are cases where a mixed solvent must be used as the organic solvent, which not only becomes a major obstacle to the recovery and reuse of the solvent, but also increases the amount of water-soluble resin as described later. In some cases, it was reduced.
[0009]
Furthermore, there is a problem in terms of productivity, such as severe setting of various conditions such as mixing / stirring of an organic solvent solution and an aqueous medium, or considerable time for mixing / stirring.
[0010]
The present invention can be applied not only to obtain uncolored simple resin particles, but also to obtain toner particles made of a colored resin. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method capable of producing spherical or substantially spherical uncolored or colored resin particles having excellent mechanical strength.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and in the emulsification and dispersion step, first, fine particles having a small particle diameter are formed using a high shear force, and further, the fine particles are associated with each other by stirring. It was found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by obtaining fine particles having a particle size of, and separating the particles from the dispersion and drying, thereby completing the present invention.
[0012]
That is, the present invention provides the following inventions.
1. An organic solvent solution containing a water-insoluble resin as an essential component and an aqueous medium are mixed and stirred under a high shear force, and emulsified to form resin fine particles (a), followed by mixing and stirring to obtain fine particles (a). To produce spherical resin fine particles (b) having a larger particle size, thereby producing spherical or substantially spherical resin fine particles (hereinafter referred to as “emulsion dispersion association method” or first invention). That said.)
[0013]
2. An organic solvent solution containing a colorant and a water-insoluble resin as an essential component and an aqueous medium are mixed and stirred under high shear force, and emulsified to form colored resin fine particles (A), and then mixed and stirred. The spherical or substantially spherical shape characterized by associating the fine particles (A) to form larger spherical colored resin fine particles (B) and taking out the fine particles (B) dispersed in the liquid medium as a dry powder. A method for producing an electrophotographic toner (hereinafter referred to as a second invention).
[0014]
The difference between the first invention and the second invention is mainly that whether or not the colorant is an essential component and that it is essential to take out the obtained fine particles as a dry powder after forming the fine particles after the association. There are two points whether or not to do. Of course, in the first invention, after the formation of the fine particles after the association, the obtained fine particles may be taken out as a dry powder.
[0015]
In the first invention, spherical or substantially spherical resin fine particles (b) having a particle diameter of several microns to several tens of microns can be produced.
[0016]
The water-insoluble resin used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is soluble in the organic solvent used in preparing the organic solvent solution. For example, self-water-soluble resin that can be dispersed in an aqueous medium by itself. There are water-insoluble resins having dispersibility and water-insoluble resins that are not themselves dispersed in an aqueous medium but can be dispersed in an aqueous medium only by using an emulsifier or a dispersion stabilizer.
[0017]
As such a water-insoluble resin, for example, a styrene resin, an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, a polyurethane resin, or an epoxy resin is suitable. As a resin (binding resin) for an electrophotographic toner, a styrene- (meth) acrylic ester copolymer is particularly preferably used.
[0018]
The resin may have a molecular weight of a level necessary for expressing sufficient mechanical strength. And what is necessary is just to select according to which purpose it uses for many resin fine particles. One of the applicable fields of the first invention is the field of manufacturing electrophotographic toner as in the second invention. When obtaining an electrophotographic toner, the weight average molecular weight is usually 3000 to 300,000, and in the case of a styrene resin or acrylic resin, it has 10,000 to 300,000, and DSC (differential scanning calorimeter). In the measurement, a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 50 to 100 ° C. is suitable for a water-insoluble resin as a binding resin.
[0019]
The molecular weight in the present invention is measured by polystyrene conversion gel permeation chromatography.
[0020]
In the present invention, a water-insoluble resin obtained by neutralizing a resin that can be made self-dispersible by neutralization can be used, and this is called a self-water-dispersible resin.
[0021]
Among the resins described above, the self-water dispersible resin preferably used in the present invention is a resin containing a functional group that can be converted into an anionic or cationic hydrophilic group by neutralization, and these functional groups that can become hydrophilic. And a resin which can form a stable aqueous dispersion without using an emulsifier or a dispersion stabilizer under the action of an aqueous medium, partly or entirely neutralized with a base or acid.
[0022]
Among those neutralized resins that can be made self-dispersible by neutralization, which are suitable as water-insoluble resins, resins having molecular weight distributions having peaks at two or more different molecular weight values can be made self-dispersible by neutralization In order to carry out the second invention, it is preferable to neutralize the above.
[0023]
Examples of functional groups that can become hydrophilic groups by neutralization include so-called acidic groups such as carboxyl groups, phosphoric acid groups, and sulfonic acid groups in the case of anionic resins, while in the case of cationic resins. Examples include so-called basic groups such as a dimethylamino group and a diethylamino group. Examples of the resin containing these functional groups include styrene resins, acrylic resins, styrene acrylic resins, polyester resins, polyurethane resins, and epoxy resins.
[0024]
Taking a carboxyl group-containing anionic resin that can become a hydrophilic group by neutralization as an example, the content of the carboxyl group that can become an anionic hydrophilic group by neutralization of the resin is not particularly limited. However, an acid value (the number of mg of KOH required to neutralize 1 g) of about 10 or more is preferable because it is easy to form particles by the above-mentioned emulsion dispersion association method. In styrene resin and acrylic resin, the acid value is particularly preferably 30-100.
[0025]
The basic neutralizing agent used in these is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include inorganic alkalis such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and ammonia, diethylamine, and triethylamine. And organic bases such as isopropylamine.
[0026]
The acidic neutralizing agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid, and organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid.
[0027]
In the present invention, as the water-insoluble resin, as described above, when a water-insoluble resin that does not disperse in water by itself, that is, does not have self-water dispersibility, is used, it is mixed with a resin solution and / or it. It is necessary to add emulsifiers and / or dispersion stabilizers to the aqueous medium.
[0028]
The dispersion stabilizer is preferably a water-soluble polymer compound, and examples thereof include polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose. Examples of the emulsifier include nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ether, anionic surfactants such as sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, and various cationic surfactants. Of course, two or more types of emulsifiers may be used in combination, two or more types of dispersion stabilizers may be used in combination, and an emulsifier and a dispersion stabilizer may be used in combination. It is common to use an emulsifier together.
[0029]
Furthermore, even when using a resin that can be self-dispersible by neutralization as described above, an emulsifier and / or a dispersion stabilizer may be used if necessary.
[0030]
In this case, when an emulsifier or a dispersion stabilizer is used, it is appropriate that the concentration in the aqueous medium is about 0.5 to 3% by weight. It is preferable to keep the amount of emulsifier and dispersion stabilizer used as small as possible.
[0031]
Compared to carrying out the present invention by combining an emulsifier and / or a dispersion stabilizer with a water-insoluble resin that does not disperse in water by itself, the resin that can be dispersed in water by neutralization is neutralized by itself. The self-water dispersible resin, which can be dispersed in water, has fewer inconveniences such as moisture absorption and bleed due to the emulsifier and the dispersion stabilizer in the end. Since the process can be omitted and the productivity is improved, it is more preferable.
[0032]
Examples of the organic solvent used for dissolving the water-insoluble resin and dispersing the colorant in the present invention include hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane and petroleum ether; Halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, dichloroethane, dichloroethylene, trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, butanol; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, etc. Ketones; esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; and a mixture of two or more of these may be used.
[0033]
Of these, the use of only one organic solvent with low water solubility and a boiling point in the range of about 50 to 90 ° C. is to recover and reuse the solvent and reduce the amount of water-soluble resin (yield increase). In view of the workability and the like, the organic solvent is particularly suitable for the present invention.
[0034]
The amount of water-soluble resin here refers to the amount of resin dissolved in an aqueous dispersion after forming the fine particles (b or B) and removing the organic solvent, which is dispersed in the fine particles. Since it is discharged as a filtrate when it is filtered off, the smaller the particle yield, the better the yield of particles. Since the amount of the water-soluble resin tends to decrease as the hydrophobicity of the organic solvent used increases, a solvent having low solubility in water is preferable.
[0035]
The colorant used to obtain the toner of the present invention is not particularly limited, but as a toner material such as carbon black, copper phthalocyanine pigment, azo pigment, benzidine pigment, quinacridone pigment, magnetic powder, etc. Various known pigments and dyes can be used. As the colorant, those having higher affinity for the water-insoluble resin than the aqueous medium described later are preferable because fine particles (a or A) containing the colorant are easily obtained. As content of a coloring agent, it is preferable to set it as 3 to 15 weight% with respect to resin used for binding.
[0036]
In the toner of the present invention, if necessary, a charge control agent such as chromium-containing metal complex dye, nigrosine, waxes (release agent) such as polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax, paraffin wax, and silicon oil The additive may be included in an amount of about 0.1 to 10% by weight with respect to the binding resin.
[0037]
In carrying out the present invention, an organic solvent solution for mixing with an aqueous medium is prepared using the raw materials. In carrying out the first invention of the present invention, a water-insoluble resin and an organic solvent are mixed as essential components to prepare an organic solvent solution in advance. Of course, in the first invention, only a water-insoluble resin or an organic solvent solution containing it as a main component may be used, but a colorant may or may not be included therein. . In carrying out the second invention, a colorant, a water-insoluble resin, and an organic solvent are mixed as essential components, and an organic solvent solution containing the colorant is prepared in advance and used. In any of the inventions, a necessary amount of water can be included in the organic solvent solution depending on circumstances.
[0038]
Regarding the addition of these additives and the above-mentioned colorant, after adding them to an organic solvent solution containing a water-insoluble resin as an essential component, a general mixing / dispersing machine such as a ball mill or a continuous bead mill is used. A method such as sufficient pulverization and mixing may be used. The organic solvent solution can be prepared particularly under high shear force or low shear force.
[0039]
In the present invention, the aqueous medium refers to a liquid medium containing only water or water as a main component. As water, tap water, ion exchange water, purified water, pure water, ultrapure water, or the like can be used.
[0040]
In the formation of the fine particles (a or A) in the present invention, a known and commonly used emulsifier / disperser, particularly an emulsifier / disperser capable of controlling the particle diameter in the range of about 0.5 to 5 μm can be preferably used. As a mixing / stirring device having a high shearing force suitable for use here, it is generally called a high-speed shearing turbine type disperser, and is a homomixer (made by Special Machine Industries Co., Ltd.) and disperser (made by Special Machine Industries Co., Ltd.). ), Ultra Tarrax (Germany), Keday Mill (USA), Sherflow (USA), Silverson Mixer (UK), Harel Homogenizer (Germany) and the like.
[0041]
Also, emulsifiers and dispersers using rotors that rotate at high speed, such as Thrasher (Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.) and Cavitron (Eurotech Co., Ltd.), and stators that mesh with them, Microfluidizer (Mizuho Industrial Co., Ltd.), Microhomogenizer (Mizuho Industrial Co., Ltd.) ), Emulsifying dispersers by interaction of specially shaped chambers such as Menton Gaulin homogenizer (Gorin) and Nanomizer (Nanomizer) and pump supply energy, and drive units such as Static Mixer (Noritake Company) It may be a stationary in-tube continuous mixer without any.
[0042]
The fine particles (a or A) can be associated with each other by subsequent mixing and stirring. To obtain the desired spherical or nearly spherical fine particles (b or B) by associating the fine particles (a or A), change to a low shear force stirrer such as a Fuddler blade, paddle blade, propeller blade or anchor blade. It is also possible to mix and stir, or to continue mixing and stirring with a high-speed shear turbine type disperser such as the homomixer or the desper.
[0043]
When adjusting the shear force, the same mixer is used for the initial stirring and subsequent stirring and mixing.For example, in the case of using a rotating plate or a stirring blade for mixing, the rotation speed is adjusted, the collision, etc. In the case of using this, the pressure can be adjusted.
[0044]
It may be preferred that the initial mixing and stirring step be performed under a high shear force, and the subsequent mixing and stirring step for associating be performed under a lower shear force than described above. The initial high shear force increases the frequency of collisions between particles in the liquid medium to make fine particles to obtain fine particles with a desired smaller particle diameter, and then continues to lower the shear force to a relatively lower atmosphere. In this case, it is possible to prioritize the association rather than to make the particles finer, and in some cases, the first obtained fine particles can have a larger particle size from a spherical shape (true spherical shape) to a substantially spherical shape.
[0045]
In the production method of the present invention, in the mixing and stirring step subsequent to the first mixing and stirring step, fine particles having a larger particle diameter must be obtained than those obtained in the former step. In the present invention, the fine particles finally obtained according to the degree of association can be adjusted to an arbitrary particle size in the range of several microns to several tens of microns. When fine particles are used as toner, the average particle size is preferably 5 to 20 μm.
[0046]
By adjusting the average particle size of the fine particles (a or A) to a range of about 0.5 to 5 μm, preferably 1 to 4 μm, the desired 5 to 20 μm fine particles (b or B) are obtained in the association step. Convenient to.
[0047]
The fine particles (a or A) are formed almost instantaneously when the organic solvent solution and the aqueous medium are mixed and stirred with a high shear force. The fine particles (b or B) are mixed and stirred for about 1 to 120 minutes. It is suitable to form. In order to stop the association of the fine particles, in order to reduce the collision contact frequency of the fine particles, for example, the stirring and mixing of the liquid medium containing the fine particles is stopped at the stage where the fine particles reach a predetermined particle diameter, or in addition In some cases, the liquid medium containing the fine particles that are stirred and mixed may be diluted with an arbitrary liquid medium that does not contain the fine particles.
[0048]
The liquid temperature for forming the fine particles (a or A) and the fine particles (b or B) may be about 5 to 50 ° C., but it is preferably within the range of 10 to 40 ° C. from the viewpoint of workability.
[0049]
The aqueous dispersion of colored or uncolored resin fine particles obtained by the emulsion dispersion association method according to the present invention can be used as it is, but the aqueous dispersion of uncolored or colored resin fine particles is In general, it can be used as a powder toner for electrophotography by filtering off by means such as filtration, removing the liquid medium, and drying. The colored resin fine particles obtained by using an emulsifier or a dispersion stabilizer are preferably used after being sufficiently washed.
[0050]
In order to take out the fine particles dispersed in the liquid medium dispersion containing larger spherical fine particles, which are associated with the fine particles, as a dry powder, the liquid medium containing both the organic solvent and water may be simultaneously filtered. However, it is preferable to remove only the organic solvent from the liquid medium dispersion containing larger spherical fine particles in advance and take out the fine particles dispersed in the aqueous medium as a dry powder.
[0051]
Of course, as a binding resin, a resin using a self-water-dispersible resin obtained by neutralizing a water-insoluble resin having an acidic group with a basic neutralizing agent, which becomes an anionic hydrophilic group by neutralization. When the fine particles are obtained in the present invention, the organic solvent is removed in advance, and then the hydrophilic group obtained by neutralizing with the basic compound on the fine particle surface with the acidic neutralizer is used as the original functional group. It is preferable to employ a method in which reverse neutralization treatment for returning to the base is performed to further reduce the hydrophilicity of the microparticles themselves, and then water is removed and the product is filtered and dried.
[0052]
Any known method can be used for the drying. For example, the toner particles may be dried under normal pressure or reduced pressure at a temperature at which the toner particles are not thermally fused or aggregated, or freeze-dried. There is also a method of simultaneously separating and drying the toner particles from the aqueous medium using a spray dryer or the like. Of course, this method can also be adopted in the case of resin fine particles not containing a colorant.
[0053]
In addition, when using the uncolored resin fine particles or colored resin fine particles obtained in the present invention as a powder, the drying conditions are preferably performed at a temperature at which the fine particles are not fused or aggregated.
[0054]
When the toner particles obtained in the present invention are observed with an SEM (scanning electron microscope), the Wadel's practical sphericity (the diameter of a circle having an area equal to the projected area of the particle and the smallest circle circumscribing the projected image of the particle) It has a spherical shape or a substantially spherical shape (ratio to the diameter) of about 0.9 or more.
[0055]
Further, when the cross section of the toner particles of the present invention embedded in a resin and cut with a microtome was observed with a TEM (transmission electron microscope), the colorant was included in the particles and dispersed uniformly, resulting in voids (intraparticle voids). In the strong stirring test with a carrier for a long time, fine powder is not generated, and the toner particles have sufficient mechanical strength as electrophotographic toner particles.
[0056]
As the particle size of the toner powder of the present invention, an arbitrary size can be selected within a practical level as a toner. From the viewpoint of matching with the current machine, those having a volume average particle diameter of 4 to 20 μm, preferably 5 to 15 μm are suitable.
[0057]
In addition, the volume average particle diameter in the present invention can be measured using “Coulter Multisizer” (Nikka Machine Co., Ltd.).
[0058]
The obtained dry powder toner composed of spherical or substantially spherical colored resin fine particles can be used as it is as an electrophotographic toner, but it can be used as inorganic fine particles such as hydrophobic silica, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, and various polymer fine particles. It is preferable to select an appropriate one from the above and use it as a toner after external addition. These inorganic fine particles and polymer fine particles can be used in combination with a relatively large particle size and a relatively small particle size.
[0059]
The thus obtained electrophotographic toner of the present invention can be used as a two-component developer by combining with a carrier, or as a non-magnetic one-component toner or a magnetic one-component toner.
[0060]
As the carrier, any known and conventional ones can be used. For example, metals such as iron, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese, chromium, rare earth and their alloys or oxides, surface-treated glass, silica Etc. can be used. Of course, a ferrite carrier or a magnetite carrier coated with a silicone resin, an acrylic resin, a fluorine resin or the like can also be used. As the particle size of the carrier, for example, about 20 to 200 microns is used.
[0061]
In the case of obtaining a two-component electrostatic charge image developer from the toner obtained in the present invention and a carrier, for example, the mixture may be used at a ratio of 1 to 15 parts by weight of the toner per 100 parts by weight of the carrier. Good.
[0062]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention includes the following embodiments.
1. An organic solvent solution containing a water-insoluble resin as an essential component and an aqueous medium are mixed and stirred under a high shear force, and emulsified to form resin fine particles (a), followed by mixing and stirring to obtain fine particles (a). To form spherical resin fine particles (b) having a larger particle size by associating with each other.
[0063]
2. 2. The production method according to 1 above, wherein a water-insoluble resin obtained by neutralizing a resin that can be self-dispersible by neutralization is used.
[0064]
3. 2. The production method according to 1 above, wherein a water-insoluble resin is obtained by neutralizing a resin that can be made self-dispersible by neutralization, having a molecular weight distribution having peaks at two or more different molecular weight values.
[0065]
4). 4. The production method according to 1, 2 or 3, wherein the organic solvent is only one kind.
[0066]
5. When carbon was used as the colorant and styrene- (meth) acrylic acid ester-based copolymer was used as the water-insoluble resin, mixing and stirring after the formation of the colored resin fine particles (A) were performed to obtain the fine particles (A). The manufacturing method of said 1, 2, 3 or 4 performed by a lower shear force.
[0067]
6). An organic solvent solution containing a colorant and a water-insoluble resin as an essential component and an aqueous medium are mixed and stirred under high shear force, and emulsified to form colored resin fine particles (A), and then mixed and stirred. The spherical or substantially spherical shape characterized by associating the fine particles (A) to form larger spherical colored resin fine particles (B) and taking out the fine particles (B) dispersed in the liquid medium as a dry powder. A method for producing toner for electrophotography.
[0068]
7. 7. The production according to 6 above, wherein the organic solvent is removed from the liquid medium containing larger spherical colored resin fine particles (B) to form an aqueous medium, and the fine particles (B) dispersed in the aqueous medium are taken out as a dry powder. Law.
[0069]
8). 8. The production method according to 6 or 7 above, wherein a water-insoluble resin obtained by neutralizing a resin that can be made self-dispersible by neutralization.
[0070]
9. 8. The production method according to 6 or 7 above, wherein a water-insoluble resin is obtained by neutralizing a resin that can become self-water dispersible by neutralization, having a molecular weight distribution having peaks at two or more different molecular weight values.
[0071]
10. 10. The production method according to 6, 7, 8 or 9, wherein the organic solvent is only one kind.
[0072]
11. When carbon was used as the colorant and styrene- (meth) acrylic acid ester-based copolymer was used as the water-insoluble resin, mixing and stirring after the formation of the colored resin fine particles (A) were performed to obtain the fine particles (A). The production method according to 6, 7, 89, or 10 performed at a lower shearing force.
[0073]
A preferred embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
A coloring agent is mixed and dispersed in an organic solvent solution of a binding resin having a carboxyl group and having a self-water dispersibility to form a mill base, and this is mixed with an amount of a basic neutralizing agent sufficient to make the resin self-dispersible. The organic solvent solution, which may contain water, and an aqueous medium are mixed and stirred under high shear force to form fine particles of about 1 to 4 μm, and then mixed and stirred under low shear force. And mixing and stirring are stopped to obtain a dispersion composed of spherical or substantially spherical colored resin fine particles of about 5 to 20 μm.
[0074]
At this time, carbon black is used as a colorant, and a styrene- (meth) acrylate ester copolymer having a weight average molecular weight Mw of 10,000 to 300,000 and a Tg of 50 to 100 ° C. is used as a water-insoluble resin. Mixing and stirring are performed with a lower shearing force than when the fine particles are obtained, so that the fine particles have a larger particle size due to the association of two or more fine particles.
[0075]
The organic solvent is immediately removed from the dispersion, and then the neutralized neutralized carboxyl group present on the surface of the colored resin fine particles is reversed with an aqueous inorganic acid solution to restore the original carboxyl group. After performing the summation, the fine particles are filtered and washed with water, and then dried under the condition that the fine particles do not fuse with each other, and the powder of spherical or substantially spherical colored resin fine particles having a volume average particle size of 5 to 20 μm Get the body.
[0076]
Hydrophobic inorganic fine particles having an average primary particle diameter of about 5 to 50 nm and 0.1 to 3% by weight based on the weight of the obtained fine particle powder are externally added by a mixer to obtain an electrophotographic toner.
[0077]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples. Note that all “parts” are based on weight.
[0078]
(Example 1)
700 parts of methyl ethyl ketone was placed in a reaction vessel and heated to 80 ° C. Next, a mixture of 77 parts of acrylic acid, 600 parts of styrene, 143 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 180 parts of methyl methacrylate, and 7 parts of “Perbutyl O” (Nippon Yushi Co., Ltd. polymerization initiator) was added dropwise over about 2 hours. did. After the dropping of the above mixture, 2 parts of “perbutyl O” was added to the reaction solution every 4 hours, and the reaction was continued at 80 ° C. for 24 hours. The reaction was performed under a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the reaction, an anionic synthetic resin solution having a weight average molecular weight of about 58000, an acid value of about 60 resin solids, and a Tg of about 70 ° C. is adjusted with methyl ethyl ketone to a non-volatile content of 50% by weight. Got.
[0079]
1000 parts of this resin solution, 335 parts of methyl ethyl ketone and 56 parts of “Elftex 8” (carbon black manufactured by Cabot) were mixed in “Pearl Mill” (Ashizawa Corporation) to prepare a mill base having a nonvolatile content of 40%.
[0080]
A mixed solution of 250 parts of this mill base, 12.5 parts of a 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and 136 parts of water was mixed with water and stirred at 10,000 RPM using a disperser (Robomix manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd., 30 mm in diameter). As a result, a dispersion of spherical fine particles having an average particle size of 2.5 microns was immediately obtained (liquid temperature 20 ° C.). This dispersion was transferred to a container equipped with a Fuadler blade (diameter 70 mm) and mixed and stirred at 450 RPM for 60 minutes to obtain a dispersion of substantially spherical fine particles having an average particle size of 8.0 microns (liquid temperature 20 ° C.).
[0081]
Next, the organic solvent is removed by distillation under reduced pressure, and 1N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is added to adjust the pH to about 3. After filtration and washing with water, the wet cake is dried to form a water-insoluble resin that can be dispersed in water by neutralization. A colored resin fine particle powder as a wearing resin was obtained.
[0082]
The colored resin fine particles had a volume average particle diameter of 8.0 μm as measured with a Coulter counter. Further, when this fine particle is observed with an SEM (scanning electron microscope), it is substantially spherical. When the fine particle is embedded in a resin and cut with a microtome, the cross section is observed with a TEM (transmission electron microscope). The presence of voids (voids) was not observed.
[0083]
To these substantially spherical colored resin fine particles, 0.7% by weight of hydrophobic silica “AEROSIL R976” (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) was externally added using a Henschel mixer to obtain a toner. When this toner was used in a non-magnetic printer (LP-1700 manufactured by Epson Corporation), a satisfactory image that could be sufficiently put to practical use was obtained.
[0084]
Further, 100 parts by weight of silicon coated ferrite carrier (manufactured by Powdertech) having a particle diameter of 80 μm was added to 4 parts by weight of the toner and mixed, and the blow-off charge amount was measured to show −29 μC / g. When used in a copying machine (DC-111 manufactured by Mita Kogyo Co., Ltd.), a satisfactory image that can be sufficiently put to practical use was obtained.
[0085]
(Example 2)
After charging 114/12/24 parts of methyl ethyl ketone / isopropyl alcohol / water in a reaction vessel, the temperature was raised to 80 ° C., and a mixture of the following composition 1 was charged all at once to initiate the reaction.
[0086]
Figure 0003661819
[0087]
Next, about 10 parts of the reaction resin solution was sampled every 3 hours after 3 hours, diluted with the same amount of methyl ethyl ketone, and the viscosity was measured with a Gardner viscometer. When the viscosity reached PQ, 567/63 parts of methyl ethyl ketone / isopropyl alcohol was added, and when the temperature reached 80 ° C., the mixture of composition 2 was added dropwise over 1 hour. The monomer residual ratio at this time was quantified by gas chromatography, and the first stage polymerization rate was calculated to be 60%.
[0088]
Figure 0003661819
[0089]
After completion of the dropwise addition, 2 parts of “perbutyl O” was added 3 times every 3 hours, and the reaction was further continued for 4 hours. All reactions were carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere. An anionic synthetic resin solution having a resin solid content acid value of 70, a Tg of 61 ° C., peaks at 360,000 and 35000 in the molecular weight distribution chart, and a weight average molecular weight of 124,000 was obtained. After completion of the reaction, a resin solution was prepared by adjusting the nonvolatile content to 50% with methyl ethyl ketone.
[0090]
1000 parts of this resin solution, 335 parts of methyl ethyl ketone and 56 parts of “Elftex 8” were mixed in a “pearl mill” to prepare a mill base having a non-volatile content of 40%.
[0091]
When adding a mixed solution of 250 parts of this mill base, 14.6 parts of a 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and 212 parts of water using a homomixer (Robomix manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) at 10,000 RPM while adding 212 parts of water, A dispersion of spherical fine particles having an average particle size of 3.5 microns was obtained in about 10 seconds (liquid temperature 15 ° C.). This dispersion was transferred to a container equipped with a fudler blade (diameter 70 mm) and mixed and stirred at 750 RPM for 120 minutes to obtain a dispersion of spherical fine particles having an average particle size of 6.5 microns (liquid temperature 20 ° C.).
[0092]
Next, the same treatment as in Example 1 was performed to obtain spherical colored resin fine particle powder using a water-insoluble resin that can be dispersed in water by neutralization as a binding resin.
[0093]
To these substantially spherical colored resin fine particles, 0.7% by weight of hydrophobic silica “AEROSIL R972” (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) was externally added using a Henschel mixer to obtain a toner. When this toner was used in a non-magnetic printer (LP-1700 manufactured by Epson Corporation), a satisfactory image that could be sufficiently put to practical use was obtained.
[0094]
Further, 100 parts by weight of silicon coated ferrite carrier (manufactured by Powdertech) having a particle size of 80 μm was added to 4 parts by weight of the toner and mixed, and the blow-off charge amount was measured to show −27 μC / g. When used in a copying machine (DC-111 manufactured by Mita Kogyo Co., Ltd.), a satisfactory image that can be sufficiently put to practical use was obtained.
[0095]
(Comparative Example 1)
While stirring and mixing a mixed solution of 250 parts of the same mill base as used in Example 1 and 12.5 parts of a 1N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 136 parts of water using a Max Blend blade (manufactured by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd.), water 136 Parts were added. Experiments were performed by changing the number of rotations of the Max blend blades to 100 to 700 RPM, but formation of particles of about 0.5 to 20 μm was not possible.
[0096]
(Comparative Example 2)
While stirring and mixing a mixed solution of 250 parts of the same mill base as used in Example 2 and 14.6 parts of a 1N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 212 parts of water using a Fuddler blade, 212 parts of water was added. Experiments were performed while changing the rotation speed of the fudler blade from 200 to 800 RPM, but particles of about 0.5 to 20 μm could not be formed.
[0097]
As can be seen from the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, even when mixing and stirring under a low shear force, it is found that the desired colored resin fine particles cannot be obtained. In addition, the electrophotographic toners of the respective examples before adding the hydrophobic silica were all excellent in mechanical strength, longer in developer life, less in hygroscopicity, and excellent in environmental stability.
[0098]
Furthermore, if the time required for each step of desolvation to drying by vacuum distillation of the aqueous dispersion containing the colored resin fine particles and the same time as the conventional phase inversion emulsification method and the emulsion dispersion association method of the present invention, The production method of the electrophotographic powder toner of the present invention of each example is the same amount in a shorter time than the production method of obtaining the electrophotographic powder toner having the same required characteristics by the phase inversion emulsification method. In addition, a larger amount of toner could be obtained within the same time (excellent productivity), and the manufacturing operation itself became easier.
[0099]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, an organic solvent solution containing a colorant as necessary and a water-soluble medium as an essential component and an aqueous medium are mixed and stirred with a high shear force, and emulsified to give uncolored or colored resin particles. After the formation of the emulsion, the emulsion-dispersion association method is employed in which the fine particles are associated with each other to form uncolored or colored resin fine particles having a larger particle size. It has a particularly remarkable effect that spherical or substantially spherical fine particles having good mechanical strength can be produced.
[0100]
In addition to the above step, the addition step is the same as the addition step in the method for producing an electrophotographic toner, which further includes a step of removing the organic solvent and taking out the fine particles dispersed in the aqueous medium as a dry powder. If time is required, the result is relatively simple, good productivity, excellent mechanical strength, less toner life, and less hygroscopicity than when using the conventional phase inversion emulsification method in the above process. A spherical or substantially spherical electrophotographic toner having excellent environmental stability can be produced.

Claims (7)

非水溶性樹脂を必須成分とする有機溶媒溶液と、水性媒体とを混合・撹拌し、乳化させることにより樹脂微粒子(a)を形成する最初の混合撹拌工程を行い、その後、該最初の混合撹拌工程よりも低いせん断力下において、引き続き混合撹拌工程を行うことで微粒子(a)を会合さり大きな粒径を有する球形樹脂微粒子(b)を形成することを特徴とする球形あるいは略球形の樹脂微粒子の製造法。An organic solvent solution of non-water-soluble resin as an essential component, and an aqueous medium mixed--stirred, subjected to initial mixing agitation to form resin fine particles (a) by Rukoto emulsified, then the first outermost at low shear under than mixing and stirring step, spherical continued mixing and stirring step microparticles (a) bringing into association by performing, and forming a spherical resin fine particles (b) having a large particle size Ri good Or the manufacturing method of substantially spherical resin fine particles. 着色剤と非水溶性樹脂を必須成分とする有機溶媒溶液と、水性媒体とを混合・撹拌し、乳化させることにより樹脂微粒子(a)を形成する最初の混合撹拌工程を行う請求項1記載の球形あるいは略球形の樹脂微粒子の製造法。 An organic solvent solution of the colorant and the water-insoluble resin as essential components, according to claim 1, the aqueous medium mixed--stirred, performs initial mixing agitation to form resin fine particles (a) by Rukoto emulsified The manufacturing method of the spherical or substantially spherical resin fine particle as described. 前記引き続き行う混合撹拌工程が、5〜50℃の液温にて行われる請求項1又は2のいずれかに記載の球形あるいは略球形の樹脂微粒子の製造法。The method for producing spherical or substantially spherical resin fine particles according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the subsequent mixing and stirring step is performed at a liquid temperature of 5 to 50 ° C. 前記球形樹脂微粒子(b)を形成後、脱溶剤する請求項1、2又は3のいずれかに記載の球形あるいは略球形の樹脂微粒子の製造法。4. The method for producing spherical or substantially spherical resin fine particles according to claim 1, wherein the solvent is removed after forming the spherical resin fine particles (b). 前記最初の混合撹拌工程が、高速せん断タービン型分散機により行われる請求項1、2、3又は4のいずれかに記載の球形あるいは略球形の樹脂微粒子の製造法。The method for producing spherical or substantially spherical resin fine particles according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4, wherein the first mixing and stirring step is performed by a high-speed shear turbine type disperser. 前記非水溶性樹脂として、異なる2つ以上の分子量値にピークを有する分子量分布の、中和により自己水分散性となりうる樹脂を中和したものを用いる請求項1、2、3、4又は5のいずれかに記載の球形あるいは略球形の樹脂微粒子の製造法。 The water-insoluble resin, different molecular weight distribution with a peak at two or more molecular weight values, according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 to use one obtained by neutralizing a resin can be a self-water-dispersible by neutralization A process for producing spherical or substantially spherical resin fine particles according to any one of the above. 請求項1、2、3、4、5又は6のいずれかに記載の製造方法を用いた球形あるいは略球形の電子写真用トナーの製造法。A method for producing a spherical or substantially spherical electrophotographic toner using the production method according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
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JP4277254B2 (en) * 2002-12-25 2009-06-10 Dic株式会社 Method for producing thermoplastic resin fine particle aqueous dispersion and toner for electrophotography
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KR100532115B1 (en) * 2004-01-20 2005-11-29 삼성전자주식회사 A method for preparing a latex comprising pigments copolymerized with crystalline polymers
US7550245B2 (en) 2004-12-28 2009-06-23 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Toner and production method of the same, and image forming method
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