JP3665804B2 - Ready-mixed concrete for high-strength wet spraying, method for forming a high-strength hardened body to be sprayed, and high-strength hardened body to be obtained by spraying the same - Google Patents
Ready-mixed concrete for high-strength wet spraying, method for forming a high-strength hardened body to be sprayed, and high-strength hardened body to be obtained by spraying the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP3665804B2 JP3665804B2 JP17229998A JP17229998A JP3665804B2 JP 3665804 B2 JP3665804 B2 JP 3665804B2 JP 17229998 A JP17229998 A JP 17229998A JP 17229998 A JP17229998 A JP 17229998A JP 3665804 B2 JP3665804 B2 JP 3665804B2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B24/2641—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/40—Surface-active agents, dispersants
- C04B2103/408—Dispersants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
- C04B2111/00577—Coating or impregnation materials applied by spraying
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリート、これを吹き付ける高強度硬化体の形成方法及びこれを吹き付けて得られる高強度硬化体に関する。地山壁面やトンネル壁面等の一次覆工にコンクリートを吹き付けてこれらの壁面にその硬化体を形成させる吹き付けコンクリート工法が行なわれる。この吹き付けコンクリート工法には乾式と湿式とがあるが、湿式では一般に、セメント、細骨材、粗骨材及び水を含有する湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートをノズルから吹き付けると共に、通常はそのノズル先端部で急結剤を混合しつつ吹き付けて、硬化体を形成させている。かかる湿式吹き付けコンクリート工法では、作業性及び施工性が良く、また高強度の硬化体を形成させ得ることが要求されるのはいうまでもなく、このような要求は特に、壁面の大きい地山壁面やトンネル壁面等の一次覆工において強い。本発明は、このような要求に応える高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリート、これを吹き付ける高強度硬化体の形成方法及びこれを吹き付けて得られる高強度硬化体に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、上記のような湿式吹き付けコンクリート工法として一般に、セメント、細骨材、粗骨材及び水を含有する湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートを調製し、これをノズルから吹き付けると共に、そのノズル先端部で急結剤を混合しつつ吹き付けて、硬化体を形成させる方法が行なわれている（特開昭６１−９２２６３）。ところが、この従来法には、１回の吹き付けで形成される硬化体の強度が低いため、所望の強度を有する硬化体を形成させようとすると、吹き付けとその硬化体の形成とを繰り返す回数を多くする必要があり、それだけ厚みの大きい硬化体を形成させる必要があるという欠点がある。吹き付けとその硬化体の形成とを繰り返す回数を多くすると、それだけ手間及び工費が嵩み、工期が長期化し、また厚みの大きい硬化体を形成させるためには、それだけ壁面の掘削量を増やす必要があり、残土の処理費が嵩む。
【０００３】
高強度の硬化体を得るため、セメント、細骨材、粗骨材、セメント分散剤及び水を含有する水／セメント比を抑えた高強度生コンクリートを調製し、これをノズルから吹き付けると共に、そのノズル先端部で急結剤を混合しつつ吹き付けて、高強度の硬化体を形成させる方法も考えられるが、この方法では、従来公知のセメント、例えば普通ポルトランドセメントとセメント分散剤とを用いてその水／セメント比を抑えた高強度生コンクリートを調製することとなり、その結果、調製した高強度生コンクリートが粘性の著しく高いものになってしまう。このように粘性の著しく高い高強度生コンクリートは、これを高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートとして使用しようとしても、ノズルから吹き付けるためのポンプ圧送に支障をきたしたり、或はノズルがしばしば目詰まりする等、実際問題として湿式吹き付けコンクリート工法には適用し難い。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、従来の湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートを用いる湿式吹き付けコンクリート工法では、作業性及び施工性が悪く、形成される硬化体の強度が低い点である。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
しかして本発明者らは、上記の課題を解決するべく研究した結果、セメント、細骨材、粗骨材、セメント分散剤及び水を含有する水／セメント比を抑えた高強度生コンクリートであって、セメントとして特定のセメントを用い、またセメント分散剤として特定のセメント分散剤を用いて、かかる特定のセメントに対し特定のセメント分散剤を所定割合で含有させた高強度生コンクリートを湿式吹き付けコンクリート工法に用いることが正しく好適であることを見出した。
【０００６】
すなわち本発明は、セメント、細骨材、粗骨材、セメント分散剤及び水を含有する水／セメント比が２５〜５０％の高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートであって、セメントが下記のセメントであり、またセメント分散剤が下記のセメント分散剤であって、下記のセメント１００重量部当たり下記のセメント分散剤を０．０１〜１．５重量部の割合で含有して成ることを特徴とする高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリート、これを吹き付ける高強度硬化体の形成方法及びこれを吹き付けて得られる高強度硬化体に係る。
【０００７】
セメント：クリンカー粉末と石膏とから成るセメントであって、該クリンカー粉末が３ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ2を４５〜７５重量％、３ＣａＯ・Ａｌ2Ｏ3を６〜１２重量％、硫酸アルカリをＮａ2Ｏ換算で０．４〜０．７重量％及び２ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ2と４ＣａＯ・Ａｌ2Ｏ3・Ｆｅ2Ｏ3とを残部として含有するものであり、また該石膏が不溶性無水石膏を３０重量％以上含有するものであって、該クリンカー粉末に対し該石膏をＳＯ3として２．５〜４．０重量％の割合で含有するブレーン比表面積３２００〜４７００cm2／ｇのセメント。
【０００８】
セメント分散剤：全構成単位の８０モル％以上を下記の式１で示される構成単位と下記の式２で示される構成単位とが占めており、また全構成単位の２〜１５モル％を下記の式３で示される構成単位が占めていて、且つ式１で示される構成単位／式２で示される構成単位＝４５／５５〜９０／１０（モル％）の割合で有する数平均分子量２５００〜５００００の水溶性ビニル共重合体。
【０００９】
【式１】
式１〜式３において、
Ｒ1：Ｈ又はＣＨ3
Ｒ2：炭素数１〜３のアルキル基又はフェニル基
ｍ：５〜７５の整数
Ｍ1，Ｍ２：アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属及び有機アミンから選ばれるカチオン基
【００１１】
本発明の高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートはセメント、細骨材、粗骨材、セメント分散剤及び水を含有する水／セメント比が２５〜５０％、好ましくは２５〜４５％のものである。通常、かかる高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートは、セメントの単位量が３５０〜６５０kg／ｍ3、細骨材の単位量が６００〜１２００kg／ｍ3、粗骨材の単位量が６００〜１１００kg／ｍ3及び水の単位量が１４０〜２２０kg／ｍ3の単位組成に調製される。
【００１２】
本発明の高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートの調製に用いるセメントは、下記のクリンカー粉末と下記の石膏とから成る特定のセメントである。かかる特定のセメントを構成するクリンカー粉末は、３ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ2を４５〜７５重量％、３ＣａＯ・Ａｌ2Ｏ3を６〜１２重量％、硫酸アルカリをＮａ2Ｏ換算で０．４〜０．７重量％及び２ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ2と４ＣａＯ・Ａｌ2Ｏ3・Ｆｅ2Ｏ3とを残部として含有するものである。またかかる特定のセメントを構成する石膏は不溶性無水石膏を３０重量％以上含有するものである。更にかかる特定のセメントは上記のクリンカー粉末に対し上記の石膏をＳＯ3として２．５〜４．０重量％の割合で含有するものである。そしてかかる特定のセメントはそのブレーン比表面積が３２００〜４７００cm2／ｇ、好ましくは３９００〜４２００cm2／ｇのものである。
【００１３】
本発明の高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートの調製に用いる細骨材としては、川砂、山砂、海砂、砕砂等が挙げられる。また粗骨材としては、川砂利、砕石、軽量骨材等が挙げられる。
【００１４】
本発明の高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートの調製に用いるセメント分散剤は、全構成単位の８０モル％以上を式１で示される構成単位と式２で示される構成単位とが占めており、また全構成単位の２〜１５モル％を式３で示される構成単位が占める水溶性ビニル共重合体から成る特定のセメント分散剤である。式１で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体としては、（メタ）アクリル酸のリチウム塩、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩等のアルカリ金属塩、２）（メタ）アクリル酸のカルシウム塩、マグネシウム塩等のアルカリ土類金属塩、３）（メタ）アクリル酸のジエタノールアミン塩、トリエタノールアミン塩等の有機アミン塩等が挙げられるが、なかでも（メタ）アクリル酸のナトリウム塩が好ましい。
【００１５】
また式２で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体としては、いずれもエチレンオキサイドの付加モル数が５〜７５であり且つ炭素数が１〜３のアルコキシ基又はフェノキシ基を有する、モノメトキシポリエチレングリコール、モノエトキシポリエチレングリコール、モノ（イソ）プロポキシエチレングリコール等のモノアルコキシポリエチレングリコールやモノフェノキシポリエチレングリコールと、メタクリル酸とのエステルが挙げられるが、なかでもエチレンオキサイドの付加モル数が２０〜７０であるモノメトキシポリエチレングリコールとメタクリル酸とのエステルが好ましい。
【００１６】
更に式３で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体としては、１）メタリルスルホン酸のリチウム塩、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩等のアルカリ金属塩、２）メタリルスルホン酸のカルシウム塩、マグネシウム塩等のアルカリ土類金属塩、３）メタリルスルホン酸のジエタノールアミン塩、トリエタノールアミン塩等の有機アミン塩等が挙げられる。
【００１７】
本発明の高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートの調製に用いるセメント分散剤は、前記したように全構成単位の８０モル％以上を式１で示される構成単位と式２で示される構成単位とが占めており、また全構成単位の２〜１５モル％を式３で示される構成単位が占めるものであるが、更に式１で示される構成単位／式２で示される構成単位＝４５／５５〜９０／１０（モル％）の割合で有し、且つ数平均分子量が２５００〜５００００（ＧＰＣ法、プルラン換算、以下同じ）、好ましくは３０００〜３５０００のものである。
【００１８】
本発明においてセメント分散剤として用いる水溶性ビニル共重合体は、式１で示される構成単位、式２で示される構成単位及び式３で示される構成単位に加えて、更に下記の式４で示される構成単位を有するものとすることができる。この場合、全構成単位の５〜１８モル％を式４で示される構成単位が占めるようにする。かかる水溶性ビニル共重合体は水／セメント比が低い高強度生コンクリートにより優れた流動性を発現させる。
【００１９】
【式４】
式４において、
Ｒ3：炭素数１〜３のアルキル基。
【００２１】
式４で示される構成単位を形成することとなるアルキルアクリレートとしては、メチルアクリレート、エチルアクリレート、プロピルアクリレート等のアルキル基の炭素数が１〜３のアルキルアクレートが挙げられるが、なかでもメチルアクリレートが好ましい。
【００２２】
本発明はセメント分散剤として用いる水溶性ビニル共重合体の合成方法を特に制限するものではなく、これには公知の合成方法、例えば特開平１−２２６７５７号公報に記載されている合成方法が適用できる。
【００２３】
本発明の高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートは、前記した特定のセメント１００重量部当たり、前記した特定のセメント分散剤である水溶性ビニル共重合体を０．０１〜１．５重量部の割合、好ましくは０．１〜１重量部の割合で含有するものである。
【００２４】
本発明の高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートは、以上説明したような特定のセメント、細骨材、粗骨材、特定のセメント分散剤及び水を必須成分として含有するものであるが、合目的的に他の剤を含有することもできる。かかる他の剤としては、空気連行剤、消泡剤、防錆剤等が挙げられる。
【００２５】
次に本発明の高強度硬化体の形成方法を説明する。本発明の高強度硬化体の形成方法は、以上説明した本発明の高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートを吹き付けると共に、後述する急結剤を所定の割合となるように吹き付けて、高強度硬化体を形成させる方法である。
【００２６】
本発明の高強度硬化体の形成方法では、公知の急結剤を適用できる。これには例えば、１）カルシウムアルミネート（１２ＣａＯ・７Ａｌ2Ｏ3、１１ＣａＯ・７Ａｌ2Ｏ3・ＣａＦ2）、カルシウムサルホアルミネート（３ＣａＯ・３Ａｌ2Ｏ3・ＣａＳＯ4）等を主要成分とするセメント鉱物系急結剤、２）アルミン酸ナトリウム（ｍＮａ2Ｏ・Ａｌ2Ｏ3，ｍ＝１〜３）、炭酸ナトリウム、ケイ酸ナトリウム（水ガラス；Ｎａ2Ｏ・ｎＳｉＯ2，ｎ＝２〜３）等の無機塩系急結剤、３）グリセリン、トリエタノールアミン等の有機質系急結剤等が挙げられるが、なかでもカルシウムアルミネート、カルシウムサルホアルミネート等を主要成分とするセメント鉱物系急結剤が好ましい。
【００２７】
かかる急結剤は、高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリート中のセメント１００重量部当たり、１〜１５重量部の割合となるように、好ましくは２〜１２重量％の割合となるように吹き付ける。
【００２８】
本発明の高強度硬化体の形成方法は、高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートを吹き付けると共に急結剤を所定の割合で吹き付ける方法を特に制限するものではなく、これには公知の方法が適用できる。通常は、前記した特定のセメント、細骨材、粗骨材、前記した特定のセメント分散剤及び水を計量し、これらを練り混ぜ機で充分混合して、高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートを調製し、これを吹き付け機に移動して、該吹き付け機の吹き付けノズルから吹き付ける直前に、該吹き付けノズル先端部で粉状の急結剤を混合して、双方を同時に吹き付ける方法が採用される。この場合、練り混ぜ機としては強制練りミキサーや可傾式ミキサーを使用でき、また吹き付け機としてはチャンバー形湿式吹き付け機、ローター形湿式吹き付け機、ポンプ形湿式吹き付け機等を使用できる。
【００２９】
本発明の高強度硬化体は、吹き付け面に対して、以上説明したように高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートを吹き付けると共に、急結剤を所定の割合で吹き付けることにより形成されるものである。かかる高強度硬化体は、圧縮強度が材齢２８日で４０Ｎ／mm2以上の物性を有するものとなり、掘削断面積２００ｍ2を超す超偏平大断面トンネルに対する１次覆工用吹き付けコンクリートに要請される高強度にも応え得るものとなる。
【００３０】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートの実施形態としては、次の１）〜１０）が好適例として挙げられる。
１）セメントの単位量が４５０kg／ｍ3、細骨材の単位量が８２６kg／ｍ3、粗骨材の単位量が８３９kg／ｍ3、水の単位量が１８０kg／ｍ3の単位組成を有する、セメント、細骨材、粗骨材、セメント分散剤及び水を含有する水／セメント比が４０％の高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートであって、セメントが下記のセメントであり、またセメント分散剤が下記のセメント分散剤であって、下記のセメント１００重量部当たり下記のセメント分散剤を０．２５重量部の割合で含有して成る高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリート。
セメント：クリンカー粉末と石膏とから成るセメントであって、該クリンカー粉末が３ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ2を６５．２重量％、３ＣａＯ・Ａｌ2Ｏ3を７．９重量％、硫酸アルカリをＮａ2Ｏ換算で０．５０重量％及び２ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ2と４ＣａＯ・Ａｌ2Ｏ3・Ｆｅ2Ｏ3とを合計で２６．４重量％含有するものであり、また該石膏が不溶性無水石膏を５０重量％以上含有するものであって、該クリンカー粉末に対し該石膏をＳＯ3として２．７重量％の割合で含有するブレーン比表面積４４５０cm2／ｇのセメント。
セメント分散剤：式１で示される構成単位、式２で示される構成単位、式３で示される構成単位及び式４で示される構成単位で構成された水溶性ビニル共重合体であって、式１で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体がメタクリル酸ナトリウム、式２で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体がメトキシポリエトキシ（エトキシ単位の繰り返し数２３、以下ｎ＝２３という）エチルメタクリレート、式３で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体がメタリルスルホン酸ナトリウム、式４で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体がメチルアクリレートであり、式１で示される構成単位／式２で示される構成単位＝６８／３２（モル％）の割合で有し、式１で示される構成単位／式２で示される構成単位／式３で示される構成単位／式４で示される構成単位＝５６／２６／１０／８（モル％）の割合で有する数平均分子量５７００の水溶性ビニル共重合体。
【００３１】
２）前記１）と同じ単位組成を有する、セメント、細骨材、粗骨材、セメント分散剤及び水を含有する水／セメント比が４０％の高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートであって、セメントが前記１）と同じセメントであり、またセメント分散剤が下記のセメント分散剤であって、前記１）と同じセメント１００重量部当たり下記のセメント分散剤を０．２４重量部の割合で含有して成る高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリート。
セメント分散剤：式１で示される構成単位、式２で示される構成単位、式３で示される構成単位及び式４で示される構成単位で構成された水溶性ビニル共重合体であって、式１で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体がメタクリル酸ナトリウム、式２で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体がメトキシポリエトキシ（ｎ＝４５）エチルメタクリレート、式３で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体がメタリルスルホン酸ナトリウム、式４で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体がメチルアクリレートであり、式１で示される構成単位／式２で示される構成単位＝８２／１８（モル％）の割合で有し、式１で示される構成単位／式２で示される構成単位／式３で示される構成単位／式４で示される構成単位＝６７／１５／８／１０（モル％）の割合で有する数平均分子量９５００の水溶性ビニル共重合体。
【００３２】
３）前記１）と同じ単位組成を有する、セメント、細骨材、粗骨材、セメント分散剤及び水を含有する水／セメント比が４０％の高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートであって、セメントが前記１）と同じセメントであり、またセメント分散剤が下記のセメント分散剤であって、前記１）と同じセメント１００重量部当たり下記のセメント分散剤を０．２８重量部の割合で含有して成る高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリート。
セメント分散剤：式１で示される構成単位、式２で示される構成単位、式３で示される構成単位及び式４で示される構成単位で構成された水溶性ビニル共重合体であって、式１で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体がメタクリル酸ナトリウム、式２で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体がメトキシポリエトキシ（ｎ＝６５）エチルメタクリレート、式３で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体がメタリルスルホン酸ナトリウム、式４で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体がメチルアクリレートであり、式１で示される構成単位／式２で示される構成単位＝８６／１４（モル％）の割合で有し、式１で示される構成単位／式２で示される構成単位／式３で示される構成単位／式４で示される構成単位＝７１／１２／４／１３（モル％）の割合で有する数平均分子量２３６００の水溶性ビニル共重合体。
【００３３】
４）前記１）と同じ単位組成を有する、セメント、細骨材、粗骨材、セメント分散剤及び水を含有する水／セメント比が４０％の高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートであって、セメントが前記１）と同じセメントであり、またセメント分散剤が下記のセメント分散剤であって、前記１）と同じセメント１００重量部当たり下記のセメント分散剤を０．２２重量部の割合で含有して成る高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリート。
セメント分散剤：式１で示される構成単位、式２で示される構成単位、式３で示される構成単位及び式４で示される構成単位で構成された水溶性ビニル共重合体であって、式１で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体がアクリル酸ナトリウム、式２で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体がメトキシポリエトキシ（ｎ＝２３）エチルメタクリレート、式３で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体がメタリルスルホン酸ナトリウム、式４で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体がメチルアクリレートであり、式１で示される構成単位／式２で示される構成単位＝７２／２８（モル％）の割合で有し、式１で示される構成単位／式２で示される構成単位／式３で示される構成単位／式４で示される構成単位＝５９／２３／１０／８（モル％）の割合で有する数平均分子量４５００の水溶性ビニル共重合体。
【００３４】
５）前記１）と同じ単位組成を有する、セメント、細骨材、粗骨材、セメント分散剤及び水を含有する水／セメント比が４０％の高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートであって、セメントが前記１）と同じセメントであり、またセメント分散剤が下記のセメント分散剤であって、前記１）と同じセメント１００重量部当たり下記のセメント分散剤を０．２３重量部の割合で含有して成る高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリート。
セメント分散剤：式１で示される構成単位、式２で示される構成単位及び式３で示される構成単位で構成された水溶性ビニル共重合体であって、式１で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体がメタクリル酸ナトリウム、式２で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体がフェノキシポリエトキシ（ｎ＝１５）エチルメタクリレート、式３で示される構成単位を形成することとなるビニル単量体がメタリルスルホン酸ナトリウムであり、式１で示される構成単位／式２で示される構成単位＝７１／２９（モル％）の割合で有し、式１で示される構成単位／式２で示される構成単位／式３で示される構成単位＝６７／２７／６（モル％）の割合で有する数平均分子量１４６００の水溶性ビニル共重合体。
【００３５】
６）前記１）と同じ単位組成を有する、セメント、細骨材、粗骨材、セメント分散剤及び水を含有する水／セメント比が４０％の高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートであって、セメントが下記のセメントであり、またセメント分散剤が前記１）と同じであって、下記のセメント１００重量部当たり前記１）と同じセメント分散剤を０．２４重量部の割合で含有して成る高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリート。
セメント：クリンカー粉末と石膏とから成るセメントであって、該クリンカー粉末が３ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ2を５１．４重量％、３ＣａＯ・Ａｌ2Ｏ3を９．３重量％、硫酸アルカリをＮａ2Ｏ換算で０．５１重量％及び２ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ2と４ＣａＯ・Ａｌ2Ｏ3・Ｆｅ2Ｏ3とを合計で３８．８重量％含有するものであり、また該石膏が不溶性無水石膏を５０重量％以上含有するものであって、該クリンカー粉末に対し該石膏をＳＯ3として３．０重量％の割合で含有するブレーン比表面積３３４０cm2／ｇのセメント。
【００３６】
７）前記１）と同じ単位組成を有する、セメント、細骨材、粗骨材、セメント分散剤及び水を含有する水／セメント比が４０％の高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートであって、セメントが前記６）と同じセメントであり、またセメント分散剤が前記３）と同じセメント分散剤であって、前記６）と同じセメント１００重量部当たり前記３）と同じセメント分散剤を０．２２重量部の割合で含有して成る高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリート。
【００３７】
８）セメントの単位量が５８３kg／ｍ3、細骨材の単位量が６２１kg／ｍ3、粗骨材の単位量が９４７kg／ｍ3、水の単位量が１７５kg／ｍ3の単位組成を有する、セメント、細骨材、粗骨材、セメント分散剤及び水を含有する水／セメント比が３０％の高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートであって、セメントが前記１）と同じセメントであり、またセメント分散剤が前記１）と同じセメント分散剤であって、前記１）と同じセメント１００重量部当たり前記１）と同じセメント分散剤を０．３４重量部の割合で含有して成る高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリート。
【００３８】
９）前記８）と同じ単位組成を有する、セメント、細骨材、粗骨材、セメント分散剤及び水を含有する水／セメント比が３０％の高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートであって、セメントが前記１）と同じセメントであり、またセメント分散剤が前記３）と同じセメント分散剤であって、前記１）と同じセメント１００重量部当たり前記３）と同じセメント分散剤を０．３７重量部の割合で含有して成る高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリート。
【００３９】
１０）前記８）と同じ単位組成を有する、セメント、細骨材、粗骨材、セメント分散剤及び水を含有する水／セメント比が３０％の高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートであって、セメントが前記１）と同じセメントであり、またセメント分散剤が前記１）と同じセメント分散剤であって、前記１）と同じセメント１００重量部当たり前記１）と同じセメント分散剤を０．３１重量部の割合で含有して成る高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリート。
【００４０】
また本発明の高強度硬化体の形成方法の実施形態としては、次の１１）が好適例として挙げられる。
１１）前記１）〜１０）の高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートを吹き付けると共に、該高強度湿式吹き付け用生コンクリート中のセメント１００重量部当たり急結剤を１〜１５重量部の割合となるように吹き付けて高強度硬化体を形成させる方法。
【００４１】
更に本発明の高強度硬化体の実施形態としては、次の１２）が好適例として挙げられる。
１２）前記１１）により得られる高強度硬化体であって、材齢２８日の圧縮強度が４０Ｎ／mm2以上を有する高強度硬化体。
【００４２】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の構成及び効果をより具体的にするため、実施例等を挙げるが、本発明が該実施例に限定されるものではない。尚、以下の実施例等において、部は重量部を、また％は空気量を除き重量％を意味する。
【００４３】
試験区分１（セメントの調製）
表１に示す種類のセメントを調製した。
【００４４】
【表１】
表１において、
＊１：硫酸アルカリの含有割合はＮａ2Ｏ換算の値
＊２：クリンカー粉末に対する石膏の含有割合であって、ＳＯ3に換算した値
ＣａＭｉｘ．：２ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ2と４ＣａＯ・Ａｌ2Ｏ3・Ｆｅ2Ｏ3の混合物
Ｓ−１：不溶性無水石膏を５０重量％含有する石膏
Ｓ−２：不溶性無水石膏を２０重量％含有する石膏
Ｂ−８：普通ポルトランドセメント
【００４６】
・試験区分２（セメント分散剤としての水溶性ビニル共重合体の合成）
・水溶性ビニル共重合体（Ｐ−１）の合成
メタクリル酸１０６部（１．２３モル）、メトキシポリエトキシ（ｎ＝２３）エチルメタクリレート６３４部（０．５７モル）、メタリルスルホン酸ナトリウム３５部（０．２２モル）、メチルアクリレート１５部（０．１８モル）及び水８５０部を反応容器に仕込み、水酸化ナトリウムの３０％水溶液１５５部を投入して中和し、均一に溶解した後，雰囲気を窒素置換した。反応系の温度を温水浴にて６０℃に保ち、過硫酸アンモニウムの１５％水溶液７５部を投入して重合を開始し、６時間重合反応を継続して重合を完結した。その後、酸性分解物の中和のために３０％水酸化ナトリウム水溶液５部を投入し、生成物を得た。得られた生成物の一部をエバポレータで濃縮し、アセトン／イソプロパノールの混合溶媒中で沈殿精製して、乾燥したものを分析したところ、各構成単位の割合は、相当する各ビニル単量体で表記すると、メタクリル酸ナトリウム／メトキシポリエトキシ（ｎ＝２３）エチルメタクリレート／メタリルスルホン酸ナトリウム／メチルアクリレート＝５６／２６／１０／８（モル％）であって、数平均分子量は５７００であった。
【００４７】
・水溶性ビニル共重合体（Ｐ−２）〜（Ｐ−５）及び（Ｒ−１）〜（Ｒ−６）の合成
水溶性ビニル共重合体（Ｐ−１）の場合と同様にして、表１記載の水溶性ビニル共重合体（Ｐ−２）〜（Ｐ−５）及び（Ｒ−１）〜（Ｒ−６）を得た。
【００４８】
【表２】
表２において、
各構成単位：相当する各ビニル単量体で表記した
ＡＭ−１：メタクリル酸ナトリウム
ＡＭ−２：アクリル酸ナトリウム
ＢＭ−１：メトキシポリエトキシ（ｎ＝２３）エチルメタクリレート
ＢＭ−２：メトキシポリエトキシ（ｎ＝４５）エチルメタクリレート
ＢＭ−３：メトキシポリエトキシ（ｎ＝６５）エチルメタクリレート
ＢＭ−４：フェノキシポリエトキシ（ｎ＝１５）エチルメタクリレート
ＢＭ−５：メトキシポリエトキシ（ｎ＝８５）エチルメタクリレート
ＣＭ−１：メタリルスルホン酸ナトリウム
ＤＭ−１：メチルアクリレート
ＥＭ−１：ポリエチレングリコール（ｎ＝１０）モノメタクリレート
【００５０】
試験区分３｛（高強度）湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートの調製、（高強度）硬化体の形成及び評価｝
・（高強度）湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートの調製
表３に記載した配合条件で、容量０．５ｍ3のパン型強制練りミキサーに、表１に記載のセメント、細骨材及び粗骨材を順次投入して１５秒間空練りした。次いで、表２に記載のセメント分散剤、水及び空気量調整剤を同時に添加し、２分間練り混ぜて、（高強度）湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートを調製した。
【００５１】
【表３】
・（高強度）湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートの評価
調製した各例の（高強度）湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートについて、下記の方法により練り混ぜ直後と静置３０分間経過後のスランプ及び空気量を測定した。結果を表４及び表５に示した。
・スランプ：練り混ぜ直後と静置３０分間経過後のものについて、ＪＩＳ−Ａ１１０１に準拠して測定した。
・空気量：練り混ぜ直後と静置３０分経過後のものについて、ＪＩＳ−Ａ１１２８に準拠して測定した。
【００５３】
・（高強度）硬化体の形成
予め、調製した各例の（高強度）湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートを５mmの篩でウエツトスクリーニングしたものを用いて凝結性状を評価した。凝結性状は、土木学会基準「吹き付けコンクリート用急結剤の品質規格（案）(ＪＳＣＥ−１９８６）」に準じて、プロクター貫入抵抗試験で測定し、この試験結果に基づいて適正な急結性状が得られる急結剤の必要含有量を求め、吹き付けのための急結剤の含有量とした。そして湿式吹き付け機を用い、試験区分３で調製した各例の（高強度）湿式吹き付け用生コンクリートと急結剤とを別々のノズルから所定の含有割合となるよう吹き出して箱型容器に吹き付け、（高強度）硬化体としての試験塊を作製した。
【００５４】
・（高強度）硬化体の評価
作製した各例の試験塊のコア（直径１０mm）を抜き出し、長さ２０cmに切断して載荷面を研磨仕上げした後、２０℃の水中養生を所定材齢まで行ない、ＪＩＳ−Ａ１１０８に準拠して圧縮強度測定した。結果を表４及び表５に示した。
【００５５】
【表４】
【表５】
表４，表５において、
＊１：セメント１００部に対するセメント分散剤の割合、単位は部
＊２：セメント１００部に対する急結剤の割合、単位は部
＊３：吹き付け機までのポンプ圧送に支障を来たしたため、吹き付け試験を行なわなかった。
Ｃ−１：カルシウムアルミネートを主成分とする急結剤
Ｃ−２：カルシウムサルホアルミネートを主成分とする急結剤
Ｒ−７：市販のメラミンスルホン酸ホルマリン高縮合物の塩
Ｒ−８：市販のリグニンスルホン酸塩
【００５８】
【発明の効果】
既に明らかなように、以上説明した本発明には、良好な作業性及び施工性のもとに高強度の硬化体を形成できるという効果がある。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a high-strength wet-sprayed ready-mixed concrete, a method for forming a high-strength hardened body to be sprayed, and a high-strength hardened body to be obtained by spraying the same. A sprayed concrete method is used in which concrete is sprayed onto primary linings such as natural wall surfaces and tunnel wall surfaces to form hardened bodies on these wall surfaces. There are two types of spray concrete methods: dry and wet. Generally, wet sprayed concrete containing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water is sprayed from a nozzle, and usually at the tip of the nozzle. A hardened body is formed by spraying while mixing the quick setting agent. In such wet spray concrete method, it is needless to say that workability and workability are good and that a high-strength hardened body can be formed. Strong in primary lining such as tunnel walls. The present invention relates to a high-strength wet-sprayed ready-mixed concrete that meets such requirements, a method for forming a high-strength hardened body to be sprayed, and a high-strength hardened body to be obtained by spraying the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a wet spray concrete method as described above, a wet concrete concrete containing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water is generally prepared, and this is sprayed from a nozzle and rapidly connected at the tip of the nozzle. A method of forming a cured body by spraying while mixing an agent is performed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-92263). However, in this conventional method, since the strength of the cured body formed by one spray is low, when trying to form a cured body having a desired strength, the number of times of repeating the spraying and the formation of the cured body is repeated. There is a drawback in that it is necessary to increase the thickness, and it is necessary to form a cured body having a large thickness. Increasing the number of repetitions of spraying and the formation of the hardened body increases the labor and cost, and the construction period is prolonged. Yes, the disposal cost of the remaining soil increases.
[0003]
In order to obtain a high-strength hardened body, a high-strength ready-mixed concrete containing a cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, cement dispersant, and water with a reduced water / cement ratio was prepared and sprayed from a nozzle. A method of forming a high-strength hardened body by spraying while mixing a quick setting agent at the nozzle tip is also conceivable. In this method, a conventional well-known cement such as ordinary Portland cement and a cement dispersant is used. High-strength ready-mixed concrete with a reduced water / cement ratio is prepared, and as a result, the prepared high-strength ready-mixed concrete becomes extremely high in viscosity. Such a high-strength ready-mixed concrete with extremely high viscosity may interfere with pumping for spraying from the nozzle, or the nozzle is often clogged, even if it is used as ready-mixed concrete for high-strength wet spraying. As a matter of fact, it is difficult to apply to wet spray concrete method.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The problem to be solved by the present invention is that the wet spray concrete method using conventional wet spray ready concrete has poor workability and workability, and the strength of the formed cured body is low.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result, the present inventors have studied to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, the present inventors have found a high-strength ready-mixed concrete containing a cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, cement dispersant and water and having a reduced water / cement ratio. Then, using a specific cement as the cement and a specific cement dispersant as the cement dispersant, high-strength ready-mixed concrete containing a specific cement dispersant in a predetermined ratio with respect to the specific cement is wet sprayed concrete. It has been found that it is suitable and suitable for use in construction methods.
[0006]
That is, the present invention is a high strength wet spray ready-mixed concrete having a water / cement ratio of 25 to 50% containing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, cement dispersant and water. And the cement dispersant is the following cement dispersant, and contains 0.01 to 1.5 parts by weight of the following cement dispersant per 100 parts by weight of the following cement. The present invention relates to a high-strength wet-sprayed ready-mixed concrete, a method for forming a high-strength hardened body to be sprayed, and a high-strength hardened body to be obtained by spraying this.
[0007]
Cement: A cement composed of clinker powder and gypsum, the clinker powder being 3CaO · SiO245 to 75% by weight, 3CaO · Al2OThree6-12% by weight, alkali sulfate Na20.4 to 0.7% by weight in terms of O and 2CaO.SiO2And 4CaO · Al2OThree・ Fe2OThreeAnd the gypsum contains 30% by weight or more of insoluble anhydrous gypsum, and the gypsum is contained in SO2 with respect to the clinker powder.ThreeBlaine specific surface area contained in a proportion of 2.5 to 4.0 wt% as 3200 to 4700 cm2/ G cement.
[0008]
Cement dispersant: The structural unit represented by the following formula 1 and the structural unit represented by the following formula 2 occupy 80 mol% or more of the total structural units, and 2 to 15 mol% of the total structural units represent the following. The number-average molecular weight of 2500 to occupying the structural unit represented by Formula 3 and having the structural unit represented by Formula 1 / the structural unit represented by Formula 2 = 45/55 to 90/10 (mol%) 50000 water-soluble vinyl copolymer.
[0009]
[Formula 1]
In Equations 1 to 3,
R1: H or CHThree
R2: C1-C3 alkyl group or phenyl group
m: integer of 5 to 75
M1, M2: Cationic group selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and organic amines
[0011]
The high-strength wet sprayed ready-mixed concrete of the present invention has a water / cement ratio of 25 to 50%, preferably 25 to 45%, containing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, cement dispersant and water. Usually, such high-strength wet spray ready-mixed concrete has a cement unit amount of 350 to 650 kg / m.ThreeThe unit amount of fine aggregate is 600 ~ 1200kg / mThreeThe unit amount of coarse aggregate is 600-1100kg / mThreeAnd the unit amount of water is 140-220kg / mThreeThe unit composition is prepared as follows.
[0012]
The cement used in the preparation of the high-strength wet sprayed ready-mixed concrete of the present invention is a specific cement composed of the following clinker powder and the following gypsum. The clinker powder constituting such a specific cement is 3CaO · SiO.245 to 75% by weight, 3CaO · Al2OThree6-12% by weight, alkali sulfate Na20.4 to 0.7% by weight in terms of O and 2CaO.SiO2And 4CaO · Al2OThree・ Fe2OThreeAs a balance. Further, the gypsum constituting such a specific cement contains 30% by weight or more of insoluble anhydrous gypsum. In addition, such a specific cement may contain the above gypsum for the above clinker powder.ThreeAs a ratio of 2.5 to 4.0% by weight. And such a specific cement has a specific surface area of Blaine of 3200-4700 cm2/ G, preferably 3900-4200 cm2/ G.
[0013]
Examples of the fine aggregate used for preparing the ready-mixed ready-mixed ready-mixed concrete of the present invention include river sand, mountain sand, sea sand, and crushed sand. Examples of the coarse aggregate include river gravel, crushed stone, and lightweight aggregate.
[0014]
The cement dispersant used for the preparation of the ready-mixed concrete for high strength wet spraying according to the present invention is composed of 80% by mole or more of all structural units of the structural unit represented by Formula 1 and the structural unit represented by Formula 2. It is a specific cement dispersant composed of a water-soluble vinyl copolymer in which 2 to 15 mol% of all the structural units are occupied by the structural unit represented by Formula 3. Examples of the vinyl monomer that forms the structural unit represented by Formula 1 include alkali metal salts such as lithium salt, sodium salt, and potassium salt of (meth) acrylic acid, and 2) calcium salt of (meth) acrylic acid. And alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium salts, and 3) organic amine salts such as diethanolamine salts and triethanolamine salts of (meth) acrylic acid. Among them, sodium salts of (meth) acrylic acid are preferable.
[0015]
Moreover, as a vinyl monomer which will form the structural unit shown by Formula 2, all have 5 to 75 addition mole number of ethylene oxide, and have a C1-C3 alkoxy group or phenoxy group. Monoalkoxypolyethylene glycol, monoethoxypolyethylene glycol, monoalkoxypolyethylene glycol such as mono (iso) propoxyethylene glycol, and esters of monophenoxypolyethylene glycol and methacrylic acid. Among them, the added mole number of ethylene oxide Preference is given to esters of 20-70 monomethoxypolyethylene glycol and methacrylic acid.
[0016]
Further, vinyl monomers that form the structural unit represented by Formula 3 include 1) alkali metal salts such as lithium salt, sodium salt and potassium salt of methallyl sulfonic acid, and 2) calcium of methallyl sulfonic acid. Examples thereof include alkaline earth metal salts such as salts and magnesium salts, and 3) organic amine salts such as diethanolamine salts and triethanolamine salts of methallylsulfonic acid.
[0017]
As described above, the cement dispersant used for preparing the high-strength wet-blasted ready-mixed concrete of the present invention is composed of 80% by mole or more of the total structural units of the structural unit represented by Formula 1 and the structural unit represented by Formula 2. Further, the structural unit represented by the formula 3 accounts for 2 to 15 mol% of the total structural units, but the structural unit represented by the formula 1 / the structural unit represented by the formula 2 = 45/55 to 90. / 10 (mol%), and the number average molecular weight is 2500 to 50000 (GPC method, pullulan conversion, the same shall apply hereinafter), preferably 3000 to 35000.
[0018]
In addition to the structural unit represented by Formula 1, the structural unit represented by Formula 2, and the structural unit represented by Formula 3, the water-soluble vinyl copolymer used as a cement dispersant in the present invention is further represented by the following Formula 4. It is possible to have a structural unit. In this case, 5 to 18 mol% of all the structural units are occupied by the structural unit represented by Formula 4. Such a water-soluble vinyl copolymer exhibits excellent fluidity due to high strength ready-mixed concrete having a low water / cement ratio.
[0019]
[Formula 4]
In Equation 4,
RThree: An alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
[0021]
Examples of the alkyl acrylate that forms the structural unit represented by Formula 4 include alkyl acrylates having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and propyl acrylate. Is preferred.
[0022]
The present invention does not particularly limit the method for synthesizing a water-soluble vinyl copolymer used as a cement dispersant, and a known synthesis method, for example, the synthesis method described in JP-A-1-226757 is applied thereto. it can.
[0023]
The high-strength wet spray ready-mixed concrete of the present invention is a ratio of 0.01 to 1.5 parts by weight of the water-soluble vinyl copolymer as the specific cement dispersant described above per 100 parts by weight of the specific cement described above. Preferably, it is contained at a ratio of 0.1 to 1 part by weight.
[0024]
The high-strength wet spray ready-mixed concrete of the present invention contains the specific cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, specific cement dispersant and water as essential components as described above. It is also possible to contain other agents. Examples of such other agents include air entraining agents, antifoaming agents, and rust preventives.
[0025]
Next, a method for forming the high strength cured product of the present invention will be described. The method for forming a high-strength hardened body of the present invention is to spray the ready-mixed concrete for high-strength wet spraying of the present invention described above, and spray a rapid setting agent to be described later at a predetermined ratio, thereby It is a method of forming.
[0026]
In the method for forming a high-strength cured body of the present invention, a known quick setting agent can be applied. For example, 1) calcium aluminate (12CaO · 7Al2OThree, 11CaO · 7Al2OThree・ CaF2), Calcium sulfoaluminate (3CaO · 3Al2OThree・ CaSOFour) And other cement mineral-based quick-setting agents 2) Sodium aluminate (mNa2O ・ Al2OThree, M = 1 to 3), sodium carbonate, sodium silicate (water glass; Na2O · nSiO2, N = 2 to 3) and the like, and 3) organic type accelerators such as glycerin and triethanolamine. Among them, calcium aluminate, calcium sulfoaluminate, etc. are the main components. A cement mineral-based quick-setting agent is preferred.
[0027]
Such a quick-setting agent is sprayed so as to have a ratio of 1 to 15 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 12% by weight, per 100 parts by weight of cement in the high-strength wet spray ready-mixed concrete.
[0028]
The method for forming a high-strength hardened body of the present invention is not particularly limited to a method of spraying ready-mixed concrete for high-strength wet spraying and spraying a rapid setting agent at a predetermined ratio, and a known method can be applied thereto. Usually, the above-mentioned specific cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, the above-mentioned specific cement dispersant and water are weighed and mixed thoroughly with a kneader to prepare a high-strength wet sprayed ready-mixed concrete. Then, a method is adopted in which this is moved to a spraying machine, and immediately before spraying from the spraying nozzle of the spraying machine, a powdery quick-set agent is mixed at the tip of the spraying nozzle and both are sprayed simultaneously. In this case, a forced kneader or a tilting mixer can be used as the kneader, and a chamber type wet sprayer, a rotor type wet sprayer, a pump type wet sprayer, or the like can be used as the sprayer.
[0029]
The high-strength hardened body of the present invention is formed by spraying ready-mixed concrete for high-strength wet spraying and spraying a rapid setting agent at a predetermined ratio as described above. Such a high-strength cured body has a compressive strength of 40 N / mm at a material age of 28 days.2It has the above physical properties, excavation cross section 200m2Therefore, it is possible to meet the high strength required for sprayed concrete for primary lining for super-flat tunnel with a large cross section.
[0030]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As embodiments of the high-strength wet-blasted ready-mixed concrete of the present invention, the following 1) to 10) are preferred examples.
1) The unit amount of cement is 450kg / mThreeThe unit amount of fine aggregate is 826kg / mThreeThe unit amount of coarse aggregate is 839kg / mThreeThe unit amount of water is 180kg / mThreeA high-strength wet spray ready-mixed concrete having a unit composition of: 40% water / cement ratio containing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, cement dispersant and water, wherein the cement is: A high-strength wet spray ready-mixed concrete, wherein the cement dispersant is the following cement dispersant, and contains 0.25 parts by weight of the following cement dispersant per 100 parts by weight of the following cement.
Cement: A cement composed of clinker powder and gypsum, the clinker powder being 3CaO · SiO265.2 wt%, 3CaO · Al2OThree7.9 wt%, alkali sulfate Na20.50% by weight in terms of O and 2CaO · SiO2And 4CaO · Al2OThree・ Fe2OThree26.4 wt% in total, and the gypsum contains 50 wt% or more of insoluble anhydrous gypsum, and the gypsum is mixed with SOThreeBlaine specific surface area of 4450 cm containing 2.7% by weight as2/ G cement.
Cement dispersant: a water-soluble vinyl copolymer composed of a structural unit represented by formula 1, a structural unit represented by formula 2, a structural unit represented by formula 3 and a structural unit represented by formula 4 The vinyl monomer that forms the structural unit represented by 1 is sodium methacrylate, the vinyl monomer that forms the structural unit represented by Formula 2 is methoxypolyethoxy (the number of repeating ethoxy units is 23, Hereinafter referred to as n = 23) ethyl methacrylate, the vinyl monomer that forms the structural unit represented by formula 3, sodium methallylsulfonate, the vinyl monomer that forms the structural unit represented by formula 4 Is methyl acrylate, has a ratio of structural unit represented by formula 1 / structural unit represented by formula 2 = 68/32 (mol%), and represented by structural unit represented by formula 1 / formula 2. Water-soluble vinyl copolymer having a number average molecular weight 5700 having a ratio of structural units / the formula 3 shown a structural unit / Formula 4 shown a structural unit = 56/26/10/8 (mol%) to be.
[0031]
2) A high-strength wet spray ready-mixed concrete having a water / cement ratio of 40% containing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, cement dispersant, and water having the same unit composition as in 1) above. Is the same cement as in 1) above, and the cement dispersant is the following cement dispersant, and contains the following cement dispersant in a proportion of 0.24 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the same cement as in 1) above. Ready-made concrete for high strength wet spraying.
Cement dispersant: a water-soluble vinyl copolymer composed of a structural unit represented by formula 1, a structural unit represented by formula 2, a structural unit represented by formula 3 and a structural unit represented by formula 4 The vinyl monomer that forms the structural unit represented by 1 is sodium methacrylate, the vinyl monomer that forms the structural unit represented by Formula 2 is methoxypolyethoxy (n = 45) ethyl methacrylate, The vinyl monomer that forms the structural unit represented by Formula 3 is sodium methallyl sulfonate, the vinyl monomer that forms the structural unit represented by Formula 4 is methyl acrylate, The structural unit shown in FIG. 2 / the structural unit shown in formula 2 = 82/18 (mol%), the structural unit shown in formula 1 / the structural unit shown in formula 2 / the structural unit shown in formula 3 / The number average molecular weight 9500 soluble vinyl copolymer having a ratio of structural units represented by 4 = 67/15/8/10 (mol%).
[0032]
3) A high-strength wet spray ready-mixed concrete having a water / cement ratio of 40% containing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, cement dispersant and water having the same unit composition as in 1) above. Is the same cement as in 1) above, and the cement dispersant is the following cement dispersant, and contains 0.28 parts by weight of the following cement dispersant per 100 parts by weight of the same cement as in 1) above. Ready-made concrete for high strength wet spraying.
Cement dispersant: a water-soluble vinyl copolymer composed of a structural unit represented by formula 1, a structural unit represented by formula 2, a structural unit represented by formula 3 and a structural unit represented by formula 4 The vinyl monomer that forms the structural unit represented by 1 is sodium methacrylate, the vinyl monomer that forms the structural unit represented by Formula 2 is methoxypolyethoxy (n = 65) ethyl methacrylate, The vinyl monomer that forms the structural unit represented by Formula 3 is sodium methallyl sulfonate, the vinyl monomer that forms the structural unit represented by Formula 4 is methyl acrylate, The structural unit shown in FIG. 2 / the structural unit shown in formula 2 = 86/14 (mol%), the structural unit shown in formula 1 / the structural unit shown in formula 2 / the structural unit shown in formula 3 / Structural unit represented by 4 = 71/12/4/13 (mol%) Number-soluble vinyl copolymer having an average molecular weight 23600 with a ratio of.
[0033]
4) A high-strength wet spray ready-mixed concrete having the same unit composition as in 1) above, containing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, cement dispersant and water and having a water / cement ratio of 40%. Is the same cement as the above 1), and the cement dispersant is the following cement dispersant, and contains the following cement dispersant at a ratio of 0.22 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the same cement as the above 1). Ready-made concrete for high strength wet spraying.
Cement dispersant: a water-soluble vinyl copolymer composed of a structural unit represented by formula 1, a structural unit represented by formula 2, a structural unit represented by formula 3 and a structural unit represented by formula 4 The vinyl monomer that forms the structural unit represented by 1 is sodium acrylate, the vinyl monomer that forms the structural unit represented by Formula 2 is methoxypolyethoxy (n = 23) ethyl methacrylate, The vinyl monomer that forms the structural unit represented by Formula 3 is sodium methallyl sulfonate, the vinyl monomer that forms the structural unit represented by Formula 4 is methyl acrylate, The structural unit shown / the structural unit shown in Formula 2 = 72/28 (mol%), and the structural unit shown in Formula 1 / the structural unit shown in Formula 2 / the structural unit shown in Formula 3 / formula Water-soluble vinyl copolymer having a number average molecular weight 4500 having a ratio of structural units = 59/23/10/8 (mol%) THAT shown.
[0034]
5) A high-strength wet spray ready-mixed concrete having the same unit composition as in 1) above, containing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, cement dispersant and water and having a water / cement ratio of 40%. Is the same cement as the above 1), and the cement dispersant is the following cement dispersant, and contains the following cement dispersant at a ratio of 0.23 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the same cement as the above 1). Ready-made concrete for high strength wet spraying.
Cement dispersant: a water-soluble vinyl copolymer composed of a structural unit represented by Formula 1, a structural unit represented by Formula 2, and a structural unit represented by Formula 3, and forms a structural unit represented by Formula 1. The vinyl monomer to be formed is sodium methacrylate, the vinyl monomer to form the structural unit represented by Formula 2 is the phenoxypolyethoxy (n = 15) ethyl methacrylate, the structural unit represented by Formula 3 The vinyl monomer to be formed is sodium methallyl sulfonate and has a ratio of the structural unit represented by formula 1 / the structural unit represented by formula 2 = 71/29 (mol%). A water-soluble vinyl copolymer having a number average molecular weight of 14600 having a constitutional unit shown / a constitutional unit represented by Formula 2 / a constitutional unit represented by Formula 3 = 67/27/6 (mol%).
[0035]
6) A high-strength wet spray ready-mixed concrete having a water / cement ratio of 40% containing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, cement dispersant and water having the same unit composition as in 1) above. Is the following cement, and the cement dispersant is the same as in 1) above, and contains 1004 parts by weight of the following cement dispersant in the proportion of 0.24 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of cement. Ready-mixed concrete for wet spraying.
Cement: A cement composed of clinker powder and gypsum, the clinker powder being 3CaO · SiO251.4 wt%, 3CaO · Al2OThree9.3 wt%, alkali sulfate Na20.51% by weight in terms of O and 2CaO · SiO2And 4CaO · Al2OThree・ Fe2OThree38.8 wt% in total, and the gypsum contains 50 wt% or more of insoluble anhydrous gypsum, and the gypsum is SOThreeBlaine specific surface area of 3340 cm in a proportion of 3.0% by weight as2/ G cement.
[0036]
7) A high-strength wet spray ready-mixed concrete having the same unit composition as in 1) above, containing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, cement dispersant and water and having a water / cement ratio of 40%. Is the same cement as in 6) above, and the cement dispersant is the same cement dispersant as in 3) above, and 0.22 weight of the same cement dispersant as in 3) per 100 parts by weight of the same cement as in 6) above. A high-strength wet-blown ready-mixed concrete that is contained in a proportion of parts.
[0037]
8) The unit amount of cement is 583kg / mThreeThe unit amount of fine aggregate is 621kg / mThreeThe unit amount of coarse aggregate is 947kg / mThreeThe unit amount of water is 175kg / mThreeA high-strength wet spray ready-mixed concrete having a unit composition of: 30% water / cement ratio containing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, cement dispersant and water, the same as in 1) above It is cement, and the cement dispersant is the same cement dispersant as in the above 1), and contains the same cement dispersant as in 1) per 100 parts by weight of the same cement as in 1) at a ratio of 0.34 parts by weight. Ready-made concrete for high strength wet spraying.
[0038]
9) A high-strength wet spray ready-mixed concrete having a water / cement ratio of 30%, containing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, cement dispersant and water, having the same unit composition as 8) above. Is the same cement as in 1) above, and the cement dispersant is the same cement dispersant as in 3) above, and 0.37 weight of the same cement dispersant as in 3) per 100 parts by weight of the same cement as in 1) above. A high-strength wet-blown ready-mixed concrete that is contained in a proportion of parts.
[0039]
10) A high-strength wet spray ready-mixed concrete having the same unit composition as 8) above, containing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, cement dispersant, and water, and having a water / cement ratio of 30%. Is the same cement as in 1) above, and the cement dispersant is the same cement dispersant as in 1) above, and 0.31 weight of the same cement dispersant as in 1) per 100 parts by weight of the same cement as in 1) above. A high-strength wet-blown ready-mixed concrete that is contained in a proportion of parts.
[0040]
Further, as an embodiment of the method for forming a high-strength cured body of the present invention, the following 11) is given as a suitable example.
11) The high-strength wet spraying ready-mixed concrete of 1) to 10) is sprayed, and the rapid setting agent is added at a ratio of 1 to 15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of cement in the high-strength wet-spraying ready-mixed concrete. A method of forming a high-strength cured body by spraying.
[0041]
Furthermore, as an embodiment of the high-strength cured body of the present invention, the following 12) is given as a suitable example.
12) The high-strength cured product obtained in 11) above, and the compressive strength at 28 days of age is 40 N / mm.2A high-strength cured body having the above.
[0042]
【Example】
Hereinafter, in order to make the configuration and effects of the present invention more specific, examples and the like will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to the examples. In the following examples and the like, “part” means “part by weight” and “%” means “% by weight” excluding the air amount.
[0043]
Test category 1 (preparation of cement)
Cement of the type shown in Table 1 was prepared.
[0044]
[Table 1]
In Table 1,
* 1: Alkaline sulfate content is Na2Value in O conversion
* 2: Gypsum content ratio relative to clinker powder, SOThreeValue converted to
CaMix. : 2CaO · SiO2And 4CaO · Al2OThree・ Fe2OThreeMixture of
S-1: Gypsum containing 50% by weight of insoluble anhydrous gypsum
S-2: Gypsum containing 20% by weight of insoluble anhydrous gypsum
B-8: Ordinary Portland cement
[0046]
・ Test Category 2 (Synthesis of water-soluble vinyl copolymer as cement dispersant)
・ Synthesis of water-soluble vinyl copolymer (P-1)
Methacrylic acid 106 parts (1.23 mol), methoxypolyethoxy (n = 23) ethyl methacrylate 634 parts (0.57 mol), sodium methallylsulfonate 35 parts (0.22 mol), methyl acrylate 15 parts (0 .18 mol) and 850 parts of water were charged into a reaction vessel, neutralized by adding 155 parts of a 30% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and dissolved uniformly, and the atmosphere was replaced with nitrogen. The temperature of the reaction system was maintained at 60 ° C. in a warm water bath, 75 parts of a 15% aqueous solution of ammonium persulfate was added to initiate polymerization, and the polymerization reaction was continued for 6 hours to complete the polymerization. Thereafter, 5 parts of a 30% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added to neutralize the acidic decomposition product to obtain a product. A part of the obtained product was concentrated with an evaporator, precipitated and purified in a mixed solvent of acetone / isopropanol, and analyzed for dried products. The proportion of each constituent unit was determined by the corresponding vinyl monomer. When expressed, sodium methacrylate / methoxypolyethoxy (n = 23) ethyl methacrylate / sodium methallylsulfonate / methyl acrylate = 56/26/10/8 (mol%), and the number average molecular weight was 5700. .
[0047]
-Synthesis of water-soluble vinyl copolymers (P-2) to (P-5) and (R-1) to (R-6)
In the same manner as in the case of the water-soluble vinyl copolymer (P-1), the water-soluble vinyl copolymers (P-2) to (P-5) and (R-1) to (R-6) shown in Table 1 )
[0048]
[Table 2]
In Table 2,
Each structural unit: Indicated by the corresponding vinyl monomer
AM-1: Sodium methacrylate
AM-2: Sodium acrylate
BM-1: Methoxypolyethoxy (n = 23) ethyl methacrylate
BM-2: Methoxypolyethoxy (n = 45) ethyl methacrylate
BM-3: Methoxypolyethoxy (n = 65) ethyl methacrylate
BM-4: Phenoxypolyethoxy (n = 15) ethyl methacrylate
BM-5: Methoxypolyethoxy (n = 85) ethyl methacrylate
CM-1: Sodium methallyl sulfonate
DM-1: Methyl acrylate
EM-1: Polyethylene glycol (n = 10) monomethacrylate
[0050]
Test category 3 {Preparation of ready-mixed concrete for (high strength) wet spraying, formation and evaluation of (high strength) hardened body}
・ Preparation of ready-mixed concrete for wet spraying (high strength)
Under the compounding conditions described in Table 3, the capacity is 0.5 m.ThreeCement, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate listed in Table 1 were sequentially added to the pan-type forced kneading mixer, and kneaded for 15 seconds. Next, the cement dispersant, water, and air amount adjusting agent shown in Table 2 were simultaneously added and mixed for 2 minutes to prepare (high strength) wet-spreading ready-mixed concrete.
[0051]
[Table 3]
・ Evaluation of ready-mixed concrete for wet spraying (high strength)
About the prepared (high-strength) wet-blown ready-mixed concrete for each example, the slump and air amount immediately after mixing and after standing for 30 minutes were measured by the following method. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.
-Slump: Measured according to JIS-A1101 for those immediately after mixing and after standing for 30 minutes.
-Air amount: Measured in accordance with JIS-A1128 for those just after mixing and after 30 minutes of standing.
[0053]
・ Formation of (high strength) cured body
The coagulation properties were evaluated using the prepared (high-strength) wet-spreading ready-mixed ready-mixed concrete prepared in advance by wet screening with a 5 mm sieve. Condensation properties are measured by a Procter penetration resistance test in accordance with the Japan Society of Civil Engineers standard "Quality standard for quick setting agent for sprayed concrete (draft) (JSCE-1986)". The required content of the resulting quick setting agent was determined and used as the content of the quick setting agent for spraying. And using a wet sprayer, each of the (high-strength) wet spray concrete prepared in test section 3 and the quick setting agent were blown out from separate nozzles to a predetermined content ratio and sprayed onto the box-type container, A test mass as a (high strength) cured body was prepared.
[0054]
・ Evaluation of (high strength) cured body
After extracting the core (diameter 10 mm) of the test lump of each example, cutting it to a length of 20 cm and polishing the loading surface, water curing at 20 ° C. is performed until the specified age, and in accordance with JIS-A1108 Compressive strength was measured. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.
[0055]
[Table 4]
[Table 5]
In Tables 4 and 5,
* 1: Ratio of cement dispersant to 100 parts of cement, unit is parts
* 2: Ratio of quick setting agent to 100 parts of cement, unit is part
* 3: The spray test was not performed because the pumping to the spray machine was hindered.
C-1: Quick setting agent mainly composed of calcium aluminate
C-2: Quick setting agent mainly composed of calcium sulfoaluminate
R-7: salt of commercially available melamine sulfonic acid formalin high condensate
R-8: Commercially available lignin sulfonate
[0058]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent, the present invention described above has an effect that a high-strength cured body can be formed with good workability and workability.
Claims (7)
セメント：クリンカー粉末と石膏とから成るセメントであって、該クリンカー粉末が３ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ2を４５〜７５重量％、３ＣａＯ・Ａｌ2Ｏ3を６〜１２重量％、硫酸アルカリをＮａ2Ｏ換算で０．４〜０．７重量％及び２ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ2と４ＣａＯ・Ａｌ2Ｏ3・Ｆｅ2Ｏ3とを残部として含有するものであり、また該石膏が不溶性無水石膏を３０重量％以上含有するものであって、該クリンカー粉末に対し該石膏をＳＯ3として２．５〜４．０重量％の割合で含有するブレーン比表面積３２００〜４７００cm2／ｇのセメント。
セメント分散剤：全構成単位の８０モル％以上を下記の式１で示される構成単位と下記の式２で示される構成単位とが占めており、また全構成単位の２〜１５モル％を下記の式３で示される構成単位が占めていて、且つ式１で示される構成単位／式２で示される構成単位＝４５／５５〜９０／１０（モル％）の割合で有する数平均分子量２５００〜５００００の水溶性ビニル共重合体。
【式１】
Ｒ1：Ｈ又はＣＨ3
Ｒ2：炭素数１〜３のアルキル基又はフェニル基
ｍ：５〜７５の整数
Ｍ 1 ，Ｍ ２ ：アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属及び有機アミンから選ばれるカチオン基）Cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, cement dispersant and water-cement ratio containing 25-50% high strength wet spray ready-mixed concrete, the cement is the following cement, and cement dispersion For high-strength wet spraying, characterized in that the agent is the following cement dispersant and contains 0.01 to 1.5 parts by weight of the following cement dispersant per 100 parts by weight of the following cement Raw concrete.
Cement: A cement composed of clinker powder and gypsum, the clinker powder being 45 to 75% by weight of 3CaO · SiO 2 , 6 to 12% by weight of 3CaO · Al 2 O 3 and alkali sulfate in terms of Na 2 O 0.4 to 0.7% by weight and 2CaO.SiO 2 and 4CaO.Al 2 O 3 .Fe 2 O 3 as a balance, and the gypsum contains 30% by weight or more of insoluble anhydrous gypsum. A cement having a brain specific surface area of 3200 to 4700 cm 2 / g, comprising the gypsum in an amount of 2.5 to 4.0% by weight as SO 3 with respect to the clinker powder.
Cement dispersant: a structural unit represented more than 80 mol% of all the structural units in the formula 1 structural unit of the formula 2 below represented by the following are accounted for and 2-15 mol% of all the structural units The number average molecular weight 2500 which the structural unit shown by the following formula 3 occupies, and has the ratio of the structural unit shown by the formula 1 / the structural unit shown by the formula 2 = 45/55 to 90/10 (mol%) ~ 50000 water-soluble vinyl copolymer.
[Formula 1]
R 1 : H or CH 3
R 2 : an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a phenyl group m: an integer of 5 to 75
M 1 and M 2 : a cationic group selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and organic amines)
【式４】
Ｒ3：炭素数１〜３のアルキル基）A water-soluble vinyl copolymer having a structural unit cement dispersant is shown further in the formula 4 below SL, a water-soluble vinyl occupied by the structural unit represented a 5-18 mol% of all the structural units in the formula 4 high strength wet spraying for producing concrete according to claim 1, wherein the copolymer.
[Formula 4]
R 3 : an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17229998A JP3665804B2 (en) | 1998-06-03 | 1998-06-03 | Ready-mixed concrete for high-strength wet spraying, method for forming a high-strength hardened body to be sprayed, and high-strength hardened body to be obtained by spraying the same |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17229998A JP3665804B2 (en) | 1998-06-03 | 1998-06-03 | Ready-mixed concrete for high-strength wet spraying, method for forming a high-strength hardened body to be sprayed, and high-strength hardened body to be obtained by spraying the same |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11349369A JPH11349369A (en) | 1999-12-21 |
| JP3665804B2 true JP3665804B2 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
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| JP4709359B2 (en) * | 1999-09-27 | 2011-06-22 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | Hydraulic composition |
| KR101045629B1 (en) * | 2011-02-23 | 2011-06-30 | 신성종합건축사사무소(주) | High durability shotcrete for concrete structures, retaining wall structure using the same and construction method thereof |
| WO2020208781A1 (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2020-10-15 | 竹本油脂株式会社 | Additive for water-curable composition |
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