JP3666201B2 - Inclined gravity casting machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a tilt type gravity casting apparatus in which a casting machine frame to which a mold and a hot water receiver are attached is rotated to flow molten metal in the hot water receiver into the mold.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a casting method, there is a so-called gravity casting method. In this gravity casting method, molten metal (so-called molten metal) is poured from the upper part of the mold using gravity. An important consideration in this method is how quickly and gently the molten metal is poured into the mold, which greatly affects the quality of the cast product.
[0003]
A generally-used gravity casting method is called a stationary type. As shown in FIG. 14, a cavity 3 corresponding to a product and a passage 3 called a gate or a weir are provided in a fixed mold 1. , And the molten metal is pumped by the ladle 4 and cast into the cavity portion 2 through the passage 3.
[0004]
In this stationary type, it is easy to control the flow of the molten metal by attaching the passage 3 such as a gate and a weir (called a casting plan), and any shape of cast parts can be controlled gently depending on the design of the casting plan. It has the advantage that it can be cast quickly.
[0005]
However, since the shape of the casting plan is complicated, it is difficult to make a permanent mold such as a mold or a ceramic mold, the casting plan portion tends to be large, the yield is poor, and the casting plan portion is cut off and remelted. However, there is a disadvantage that this regeneration cost is wasted although it is reused.
[0006]
On the other hand, there is a gravitational casting method called an inclined type. In this inclined gravity casting method, as shown in FIG. 15, the molten metal is transferred to the hot water receptacle 6 connected and fixed to the mold 5 by the ladle 4, and then the mold 5 is received as shown in FIG. The molten metal in the hot water receptacle 6 is poured into the cavity portion 7 of the mold by being rotated (tilted) together. This inclination type does not require the complicated casting plan part as described above, and has an advantage that the molten metal can be poured in quietly and quickly by controlling the rotation (inclination) speed.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional gradient gravity casting method, when the molten metal is transferred from the ladle 4 to the hot water receiver 6, the molten metal and air are mixed, and oxides and moisture are entrained in the molten metal. This may cause casting defects of cast parts. For example, when the molten metal is an aluminum alloy, an oxide film such as Al ₂ O ₃ formed on the surface of the molten metal in the ladle 4 is caught in the molten metal in the hot water receptacle 6 and mixed into the cast part. As a result, the strength may be reduced or leakage may occur.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and does not transfer the molten metal, can prevent entrainment of air and oxide during the transfer, and can obtain a high-quality cast part. An object of the present invention is to provide an inclined gravity casting apparatus.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention provides a tilt for pouring the molten metal stored in the molten metal receiver into the mold by rotating the casting machine frame to which the molten metal reservoir in which the molten metal is stored and the mold into which the molten metal is poured is attached. The hot water receiver is detachably attached to the casting machine frame, the molten metal stored in a holding furnace is pumped out by the hot water receiver, and the hot water receiver is placed in the vicinity of the mold. A conveying means for conveying is provided, and the conveyed hot water receiver is attached to the casting machine frame.
[0010]
It is preferable that a fixed portion that is detachably fixed to the casting machine frame and a locking portion that locks the conveying means are formed on the hot water receiver.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an inclined gravity casting apparatus (hereinafter referred to as a casting apparatus) according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0012]
As shown in FIG. 1, a holding furnace 11 that melts and temporarily stores an ingot of a metal for casting (for example, an aluminum alloy) and a casting apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment are installed on the floor of a casting factory. Has been. Above the holding furnace 11 and the casting apparatus 10, a guide rail 12 is fixedly disposed on an upper portion of a column 13 erected from the floor surface. A moving device 14 is attached to the guide rail 12 so as to be able to travel along a rotation of a motor (not shown) built in the guide rail 12. This moving device 14 holds the hot water receptacle 20 and moves from the holding furnace 11 toward the casting device 10, and moves between the first moving device 14a and the second moving device 14b having the same mechanism. Two are arranged side by side in the traveling direction of the device 14. The guide rail 12 and the moving device 14 constitute a conveying means of the present invention.
[0013]
As shown in FIG. 2, the present casting apparatus 10 is configured by attaching a hot water receptacle 20 in which molten metal is stored and a mold 21 into which the molten metal is poured, to a casting machine frame 22. The mold 21 is fixed to the casting machine frame 22 by a mold clamping cylinder 23. The casting machine frame 22 is formed with a shaft portion 24 protruding therefrom, and the shaft portion 24 is rotatably supported by a base frame 25 fixed to the floor surface. An arm member 26 is fixed to the end portion of the shaft portion 24, and a piston rod 27 a of the swing cylinder 27 is connected to the tip of the arm member 26. By extending or retracting the piston rod 27a of the oscillating cylinder 27, the casting machine frame 22 can be rotated (oscillated) around the shaft portion 24 as a rotation center. By this rotation (oscillation) operation, the molten metal stored in the hot water receiver 20 is poured into the cavity 21 a of the mold 21. In the figure, reference numeral 28 denotes an extrusion cylinder for extruding a cast part that has been cast and solidified from the bottom side of the mold.
[0014]
The hot water receptacle 20 used in the casting apparatus 10 is detachable from the casting machine frame 22. The hot water receiver 20 is attached to the moving device 14, and the molten metal stored in the holding furnace 11 is pumped out by the hot water receiver 20, and the hot water receiver 20 is moved along the guide rail 12 to move the hot water receiver 20 into the mold. 21 to the vicinity.
[0015]
As shown in FIG. 13, the hot water receptacle 20 includes a flange portion 30 having a substantially rectangular opening, and a substantially U-shaped handle member 31 fixed to the upper end thereof, and upper ends of both side surface portions of the handle member 31. Each has two through holes 31a. Further, projecting portions 32 are formed on both side portions of the handle member 31, and through holes 32 a are formed in the projecting portions 32. The through hole 31a constitutes a locking portion of the present invention, and projections 38a and 38b formed on clamp plates 37a and 37b described later are inserted as shown in FIG. 10, and the through hole 32b is a fixed portion of the present invention. The projection 49 formed on the clamp plate 48 is inserted as shown in FIG.
[0016]
As shown in FIG. 3, a plate-like member 41 is fixed to the casting machine frame 22, and a cylindrical sleeve 42 is fixed to the plate-like member 41. A rod 43 is slidably inserted into the sleeve 42, and a connecting member 44 is fixed to one end of the rod 43. Two cylinders 45 as advancing and retracting means are fixed to the casting machine frame 22 substantially in parallel with the rods 43, and the piston rods 45 a of the cylinders 45 are connected to both ends of the connecting member 44.
[0017]
As shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 12, a block 46 is fixed near the tip of the rod 43, and a cylinder 47 is fixed to the outer surface of the block 46. A clamp plate 48 is fixed to the tip of the piston rod 47 a of the cylinder 47, and a protrusion 49 is formed on the lower surface of the clamp plate 48. When the piston rod 47a of the cylinder 47 is retracted with the protruding portion 32 of the hot water receptacle 20 placed on the upper surface of the block 46, a protrusion 49 formed on the clamp plate 48 is formed on the protruding portion 32 of the handle member 31. The hot water receptacle 20 enters the through hole 32 a and is connected to the rod 43. In this state, when the cylinder 45 is advanced and retracted, the hot water receptacle 20 is advanced and retracted as indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 4, the piston rod 45 a of the cylinder 45 fixed to the casting machine frame 22 and the hot water receiver 20 are directly connected via a joint member 50 provided outside the bottom of the hot water receiver 20. The hot water receptacle 20 may be moved closer to and away from the mold 21 by 45 advance / retreat driving.
[0019]
As shown in FIG. 5A, a swing frame 51 is attached to the casting machine frame 22 so as to be rotatable about a pin 52, a motor 53 for rotating the swing frame 51 is attached, and the swing frame 51 is attached to the caster frame 22. The cylinder 45 may be fixed, and the piston rod 45a and the hot water receiver 20 may be directly connected via the joint member 50. In this case, as shown in FIG. 5B, the oxide layer formed on the inner surface of the hot water receptacle 20 can be automatically discarded in the trash can 54 by reversing the hot water receptacle 20 by the rotation of the motor 53. Further, if air is blown toward the inner surface of the hot water receiver 20, the separation of the oxide layer can be promoted.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 6, on the side of the mold 21 where molten metal is poured, support members 57 each having a ring portion 57a formed at the tip are erected on both sides of the mold 21. A rod-like member 59 is loosely inserted into the ring portion 57a in the ring portion 57a of each support member 57, and the rod-like member 59 prevents the oxide on the surface of the molten metal in the hot water receptacle 20 from flowing into the mold 21. A plate-shaped baffle plate 58 is integrally fixed. For this reason, the baffle plate 58 can swing about each ring part 57a, and hangs down in the vertical direction by gravity. Further, the baffle plate 58 is set to have such a width that the baffle plate 58 can be fitted from above into the inlet of the hot water receptacle 20 when the hot water receptacle 20 is brought close to the mold 21. The size is such that a slight gap is formed between the inner surface of the receiver 20. Incidentally, in this embodiment, the dimension is set such that a gap of about 10 mm is formed between the lower edge of the baffle plate 58 and the inner surface of the hot water receptacle 20.
[0021]
As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, each of the moving devices 14 a and 14 b is provided at the tip of the elevating cylinders 34 a and 34 b for elevating and lowering the hot water receiver 20 and the elevating cylinders 34 a and 34 b, Clamp mechanisms 36a and 36b for clamping are provided. The clamp mechanisms 36a and 36b include gripping cylinders 35a and 35b, clamp plates 37a and 37b fixed to the piston rods of the gripping cylinders 35a and 35b, and protrusions 38a protruding on the inner surfaces of the clamp plates 37a and 37b. . The protrusion 38 a is disposed so as to enter a through hole 31 a formed in the handle member 31 of the hot water receiver 20, and the gripping cylinder 35 a is disposed with the clamp mechanisms 36 a and 36 b facing the handle member 31 of the hot water receiver 20. , 35b is retracted, so that the protrusion 38a enters the through hole 31a and grips the handle member 31 of the hot water receptacle 20 from both sides. The clamp mechanisms 36a and 36b can be swung around a horizontal axis by the rotating mechanisms 39a and 39b, and the molten metal scooping-up 20 held by the clamp mechanisms 36a and 36b is swung to draw out the molten metal. It can be operated.
[0022]
Next, the operation of the casting apparatus 10 of the present embodiment will be described.
[0023]
First, as shown in FIG. 9, the moving devices 14a and 14b are moved above the holding furnace 11, and as shown in FIG. 10, a gripping cylinder 35a provided on one of the moving devices 14a and 14b (referred to as 14a for convenience). The piston rod is retracted, the clamp plate 37a is moved to the hot water receptacle 20 side, the projection 38a formed on the clamp plate 37a is inserted into the through hole 31a of the handle member 31, and the hot water receptacle 20 is gripped from both sides. . Then, while the rotation mechanism 39a is operated, the elevating cylinder 34a is extended, the molten metal stored in the holding furnace 11 is drawn into the hot water receptacle 20, and the elevating cylinder 34a is contracted and raised.
[0024]
Next, the moving devices 14 a and 14 b are caused to travel along the guide rail 12 and are moved directly above the casting device 10. One moving device 14a is lowered by extending the elevating cylinder 34a, and the protruding portion 32 formed on the handle member 31 of the hot water receptacle 20 is placed on the upper surface of the block 46 as shown in FIG. 35a is extended to release gripping of the hot water receptacle 20, and the moving device 14a is retracted upward by contracting the elevating cylinder 34a.
[0025]
Next, the piston rod 47a of the cylinder 47 is retracted to move the clamp plate 48 toward the protruding portion 32, and the protrusion 49 formed on the clamp plate 48 is inserted into the through hole 32a formed on the protruding portion 32. At the same time, the hot water receptacle 20 is fixed to the casting machine frame 22 by pressing the protrusion 32 with the clamp plate 48.
[0026]
Next, as shown in FIG. 3, by retracting the piston rod 45 a of the cylinder 45, the connecting member 44, the rod 43, and the hot water receiver 20 are moved as shown in the solid line state from the two-dot chain line state in the figure. It advances to the direction of the casting_mold | template 21, and the front-end | tip part of the hot water receptacle 20 and the baffle plate 58 are fitted as shown in FIG.
[0027]
Next, the piston rod 27a of the swing cylinder 27 is extended, the arm member 26 is swung, and the casting machine frame 22 connected to the arm member 26 is rotated (swung) around the shaft portion 24. As a result, the mold 21 and the hot water receiver 20 rotate (oscillate) together, and the molten metal in the hot water receiver 20 flows into the cavity of the mold 21 as shown in FIG. 4 or FIG.
[0028]
After a predetermined time (about 15 seconds in the present embodiment) has passed after the casting machine frame 22 is rotated and the molten metal is poured into the mold 21, the piston rod 45a of the cylinder 45 is retracted as shown in FIG. The hot water receiver 20 is moved backward with respect to the mold 21. This is because if the molten metal is poured after being poured, an oxide layer enters between the baffle plate 58 and the tip of the hot water receiver 20 and becomes hard to remove. In the present embodiment, since the oxide and the baffle plate 58 are separated by the retreat of the hot water receptacle 20, such a situation can be prevented.
[0029]
Moreover, the timing of retracting the hot water receptacle 20 may be set just before the time for the thin film-like molten metal remaining on the inner surface of the hot water receptacle 20 to solidify substantially passes after the molten metal is poured into the mold 21. preferable. This is because if the retreat is too early, the molten metal in the form of a thin film flows out and a crest of the oxide layer is formed at the edge of the mold 21.
[0030]
In the conventional casting apparatus, as shown in FIG. 17, when molten metal is poured from the hot water receiver 6 into the cavity portion 7 of the mold 5, the molten metal remaining on the inner surface of the hot water receiver 6 is solidified. Oxidizes to form a film-like oxide layer 8. If the next casting is performed with the oxide layer 8 left, the oxide layer 8 will flow into the cast part and harm the quality of the part. Therefore, the operator manually removes the oxide layer 8 after each casting. However, if the cast part is left without being solidified until it is solidified, the cast part and the oxide layer 8 adhere to each other and the oxide layer 8 cannot be easily removed. Therefore, the operator had to remove the oxide layer 8 in a timely manner before the cast part hardens.
[0031]
However, in the casting apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 4, 5, and 8, when a predetermined time has elapsed after the casting machine frame 22 is rotated and the molten metal is poured into the mold 21, Since the piston rod is retracted and the hot water receiver 20 is retracted with respect to the mold 21, the oxide layer remaining in the hot water receiver 20 and the cast part are forcibly separated from each other during the reverse operation. Both are reliably separated. By the way, in this embodiment, the time for completing the solidification of the cast part is 2 minutes and 30 seconds. Since the cast part is not hardened when the molten metal receiver 20 is retracted, the separation is very easy. The retreat timing of the hot water receiver 20 is preferably performed immediately before or after the molten metal remaining in the hot water receiver 20 is solidified for the same reason as described above.
[0032]
On the other hand, after attaching the hot water receiver 20 to the casting apparatus 10, the moving devices 14 a and 14 b are turned back toward the holding furnace 11 and operate in the same manner as described above to hold the new hot water receiver 20 in one moving device 14 a. Then, the molten metal is drawn up and conveyed toward the casting apparatus 10. And, since the previous casting operation is completed when reaching the casting apparatus 10, first, the moving apparatus 14b that does not hold the new hot water receiver 20 is lowered to remove the empty hot water receiver 20; Next, a new hot water receiver 20 containing molten metal is attached to the casting frame 22 by the same operation as described above, and the next casting is performed. Casting can be continuously performed by sequentially performing the above-described operations.
[0033]
In the casting apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment, the molten metal is pumped and conveyed from the holding furnace 11 by the hot water receiver 20, and is attached to the casting machine frame 22 of the casting apparatus 10, and then the casting machine frame 22 is rotated (swinged). Since the molten metal is poured into the mold 21 from the hot water receiver 20, there is no need to transfer the molten metal from the ladle to the hot water receiver, which has been conventionally performed. Therefore, mixing of the molten metal and air that occurs when the transfer is performed can be eliminated, and oxides and moisture can be prevented from being caught in the molten metal. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cause of casting defects of cast parts when casting, and to obtain cast parts with high strength and high quality.
[0034]
Further, in the conventional casting apparatus, as shown in FIG. 18, a thin oxide layer S oxidized in contact with air is formed on the upper surface of the molten metal in the hot water receiver 6, and this oxide is poured into the mold 5 as it is. Layer S will flow into the cast part and impair its quality. Accordingly, the operator manually scrapes and removes the oxide layer S on the surface of the molten metal immediately before rotating (tilting) the mold 5 and the hot water receptacle 6. However, there is a problem that it is difficult to automate the casting operation because a manual scraping operation is necessary, and the removal of the oxide layer may be incomplete because it is a manual operation.
[0035]
In the casting apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, the baffle plate 58 is fitted and arranged at the tip of the hot water receptacle 20, so that the oxide layer formed on the surface of the molten metal is a baffle plate as shown in FIG. 58 is prevented from flowing into the mold 21 by clogging, and a clean molten metal in which no oxide is generated is formed from a gap formed between the lower edge of the baffle plate 58 and the inner surface of the hot water receptacle 20. 21 will flow into the 21 cavity. Therefore, the surface oxide layer can be almost completely prevented from flowing into the cast part, and the quality of the cast part can be prevented from being deteriorated.
[0036]
Further, when the molten metal is poured by swinging the casting machine frame 22, the baffle plate 58 automatically blocks the inflow of the oxide layer, so there is no need to take the removal timing as in the prior art. There is also an advantage that automation becomes extremely easy.
[0037]
Further, since the baffle plate 58 is swingably supported by the ring portion 57a of the support member 57, the caster frame 22 is also poured when the caster frame 22 is swung and the molten metal in the hot water receptacle 20 is poured. And follow the movement of the molten metal. Thereby, even if a wave is generated in the molten metal when the molten metal is poured, the baffle plate 58 can be swung with the wave and the oxide can be prevented from flowing into the mold 21.
[0038]
In the casting apparatus 10 of the above embodiment, the molten metal is not transferred, the baffle plate 58 is provided to prevent the surface oxide layer from flowing in, and the hot water receiver 20 is moved backward with respect to the mold 21. Due to synergistic effects such as facilitating removal of the oxide layer formed on the inner surface of the hot water receiver 20, it is possible to reduce the casting defects of the cast parts and to significantly improve the quality such as strength. There is an effect.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the present invention, since the transfer of the molten metal is not performed, the entrainment of air and oxide during the transfer can be prevented, and a high quality cast part can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a casting facility including a casting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view showing the casting apparatus shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a main part of the casting apparatus of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a casting apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a casting apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a perspective view showing a main part of the casting apparatus of FIG. 2. FIG.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a casting apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing an operating state of the casting apparatus of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a view showing a main part of the casting equipment shown in FIG. 1;
10 is a diagram showing a main part of FIG. 9;
11 is a schematic view showing a casting apparatus to which the apparatus of FIG. 9 is applied.
12 is a diagram showing a main part of FIG.
13 is a perspective view showing a hot water receptacle used in the apparatus of FIG. 9. FIG.
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a conventional casting method.
FIG. 15 is a view showing another example of a conventional casting method.
16 is a view showing a casting state of the casting method of FIG.
FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a problem of the casting method shown in FIGS. 15 and 16;
18 is a diagram showing a problem of the casting method shown in FIGS. 15 and 16. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Casting apparatus 11 Holding furnace 20 Hot water receptacle 21 Mold 22 Casting machine frame 31 Handle member 31a Through-hole 32 Projection part 32a Through-hole

Claims (2)

An inclined gravity casting apparatus that rotates a casting machine frame to which a molten metal reservoir in which molten metal is stored and a mold into which the molten metal is poured is attached, and flows the molten metal stored in the molten metal receiver into the mold. The hot water receiver is detachably attached to the casting machine frame, and transport means for pumping the molten metal stored in a holding furnace by the hot water receiver and transporting the hot water receiver to the vicinity of the mold. An inclined gravity casting apparatus characterized in that a hot water receiver that is transported is attached to the casting machine frame. The inclined gravity casting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a fixed portion that is detachably fixed to the casting machine frame and a locking portion that locks the conveying means are formed in the hot water receptacle.

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