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JP3667967B2 - Positively charged developer - Google Patents
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JP3667967B2 - Positively charged developer - Google Patents

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JP3667967B2
JP3667967B2 JP34420197A JP34420197A JP3667967B2 JP 3667967 B2 JP3667967 B2 JP 3667967B2 JP 34420197 A JP34420197 A JP 34420197A JP 34420197 A JP34420197 A JP 34420197A JP 3667967 B2 JP3667967 B2 JP 3667967B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
silica
positively charged
developer
silicone oil
toner
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JP34420197A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH11160907A (en
Inventor
達也 安井
秀人 清野
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Kyocera Corp
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Kyocera Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は電子写真方式で用いられる現像剤に関するものであり、特に、正帯電性の現像剤に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
電子写真現像法においては、静電潜像を可視化して又は静電潜像を反転現像により可視化して高品質な画像を得ている。
一般にこれらの現像法に適用するトナーとしては、バインダーとしての熱可塑性樹脂に着色剤や帯電制御剤としての染料・顔料や、離型剤としてのワックス、磁性材料を混合して混練、粉砕、分級を行い平均粒径4〜15μmのトナー粒子としたものが用いられる。そして一般的には、トナーに流動性を付与したり、クリーニング性を向上させたりするために、シリカや酸化チタン等の無機微粉末が添加される。
【0003】
これらの無機微粉末は親水性が高く、その結果トナーの流動性や帯電立ち上がり性が湿度の影響で変化する。このような環境条件の影響を防ぐため、これらの無機微粉末の表面を疎水化剤で処理したり、極性基を導入するのが普通である。極性基導入としてアミノシランで処理した金属酸化物を用いた現像剤の一例は、例えば特開昭52−135739号公報、特開昭56−123550号公報に開示されている。この方法によると、アミノシランのアミノ基により強い正帯電性を示す現像剤が得られる。
【0004】
また、疎水性シリカ微粒子に正帯電制御剤を吸着または染着させた現像剤の一例は、例えば特開昭58−215252号公報、特開昭63−73271号公報、特開昭63−73272号公報に開示されている。この方法によると正帯電制御剤の効果により強い正帯電性を示す現像剤が得られる。
また、負帯電性極性基と正帯電性極性基の両方の基が表面に結合した無機微粒子を含有する非磁性1成分現像用トナーの一例は、例えば特開平2−66564号公報に開示されている。この方法によるとトナーの帯電レベルの向上、帯電立ち上がり性、トナー流動性に優れた現像剤が得られる。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記した従来技術は、次のような問題点を有していた。
アミノシランで処理した金属酸化物を用いた現像剤では、アミノシランが親水性であるため、高温高湿環境においてトナー流動性や帯電の安定性に問題があった。
また、疎水性シリカ微粒子に正帯電制御剤を吸着または染着させた現像剤ではトナー流動性、帯電立ち上がり及び安定性に問題があった。
また、負帯電性極性基と正帯電性極性基の両方の基が表面に結合した無機微粒子を含有する非磁性1成分現像用トナーでは、高温高湿環境下における帯電安定性、トナー流動性に問題があった。
本発明は、前述の問題点を解決するためになされたものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記の問題点を解決するために、本発明の正帯電現像剤は、乾式法にて製造されたシリカ(乾式シリカ)を正帯電極性基を有するカップリング剤を用いて正帯電極性基を導入すると共にシリコーンオイルを用いて疎水化処理を行ったシリカ微粉末と、湿式法にて製造されたシリカ(湿式シリカ)を正帯電極性基を有するカップリング剤を用いて正帯電極性基を導入すると共にシリコーンオイルを用いて疎水化処理を行ったシリカ微粉末とを併用して外添した点に特徴がある。本発明の正帯電現像剤は、上記のような構成をとることにより、正帯電極性基を導入し疎水化処理した乾式シリカにより帯電立ち上がり性、トナー流動性の環境変化をなくし、且つ、正帯電極性基を導入しシリコーンオイルで疎水化処理した湿式シリカにより帯電の経時安定性に優れた性能が得られ、飛躍的に現像剤の長寿命化が達成できる。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の正帯電現像剤は、電子写真方式で用いられる一般的なトナー粒子に、特定の表面処理が施された湿式シリカと乾式シリカとの2種類の外添用シリカを混合、外添することにより得られる。本発明の正帯電現像剤に用いる乾式法により製造されたシリカ(ヒュームドシリカ)の正帯電極性基導入は、正帯電極性基を有するカップリング剤を用いて行うことができ、疎水化処理はシリコーンオイルを用いて行うことができる。正帯電性極性基を有するカップリング剤としては、アミノシランカップリング剤、例えば以下の化1で示す化合物およびそれらの混合物が挙げられる。
【0008】
【化1】
2N(CH22NH(CH23Si(OCH33
2N(CH22NH(CH23Si(CH3)(OCH32
2N(CH22NH(CH22Si(OCH33
2N(CH22NH(CH22NH(CH22Si(OCH33
2N(CH23Si(OCH33
65NH(CH23Si(OCH33
【0009】
疎水化剤としては、例えば、以下の化2のようなシリコーンオイルを用いることができる。
【化2】

Figure 0003667967
*n:6〜800
Figure 0003667967
*x:20〜400
y:20〜400
Figure 0003667967
*R:アルキル、アラルキル基
x:20〜400
y:20〜400
Figure 0003667967
*x:20〜400
y:20〜400
【0010】
また、湿式法により製造された湿式シリカ(コロイダルシリカ)の正帯電極性基の導入は、同様にアミノシランカップリング剤を用いて行うことができ、疎水化処理はシリコーンオイルを用いて行なうことができる。
【0011】
以上のようなカップリング剤を用いてシリカ表面を処理する方法は種々あるが、例えば、次のような方法により実施することができる。
まず、カップリング剤をテトラヒドロフラン、トルエン、酢酸エチル、メチルエチルケトンあるいはアセトン等の溶剤を用いて混合希釈し、シリカをブレンダー等で強制的に撹拌しつつカップリング剤およびシリコーンオイルの希釈液を滴下したり、スプレーしたりして添加し、充分混合する。次に得られた混合物をバット等に移してオーブンに入れ加熱し、乾燥させる。その後再びブレンダーにて撹拌し、充分に解砕する。このような乾式処理法のほかに、シリカをカップリング剤の有機溶剤液に浸漬して乾燥させたり、またはシリカを水中に分散してスラリー状にしたうえでカップリング剤およびシリコーンオイルの水溶液を滴下し、その後シリカを沈降させて加熱乾燥して解砕する、といった湿式による処理法もある。
【0012】
乾式シリカの表面に対する正帯電極性基の導入量、すなわち乾式シリカに対する処理用カップリング剤の添加量は、シリカに対して3〜25重量%の範囲が効果的であり、好ましくは5〜20重量%である。また、乾式シリカに対する疎水化剤の添加量は、シリカに対して3〜25重量%の範囲が効果的であり、好ましくは5〜20重量%である。
湿式シリカの表面に対する正帯電極性基の導入量、すなわち湿式シリカに対する処理用カップリング剤の添加量は、シリカに対して3〜25重量%の範囲が好適であり、好ましくは5〜20重量%である。また、湿式シリカに対するシリコーンオイルの添加量は1〜25重量%の範囲が効果的であり、好ましくは3〜20重量%である。
【0013】
本発明の正帯電現像剤は、トナー粒子に、上記の如き特定の処理が施された乾式シリカおよび湿式シリカを混合、外添することにより得られる。
本発明の正帯電現像剤におけるシリカ微粉末の添加量は、トナー粒子100重量部に対して、乾式シリカ0.1〜1.2重量部(好ましくは0.2〜1.0重量部)、湿式シリカ0.1〜1.2重量部(好ましくは0.2〜1.0重量部)を外添するのが好適である。また乾式シリカと湿式シリカとの外添重比率は1/10〜10/1(重量比)が好適であり、好ましくは3/7〜7/3の範囲が好ましい。
本発明の正帯電現像剤の現像方式は特に問わず、また、一成分現像剤としても二成分現像剤としても利用できる。さらに、磁性トナー、非磁性トナーのいずれでもよく、通常のブラックトナーはもちろんのことカラー印刷用のカラートナーとして用いることもできる。
【0014】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明から明らかように、本発明によれば、上記特定の表面処理を行った乾式シリカと湿式シリカを併用してトナーの外部添加剤として使用することにより、得られるトナーの帯電を立ち上がり特性が良好であり、且つ、耐久性、環境安定性に優れた正帯電特性を付与することができるので、良好な画像品質を長期間得る事ができる。
【0015】
【実施例】
以下の各外添用シリカを製造した。
シリカa(本発明の乾式シリカ)の製造
ヒュームドシリカ(アエロジル#130;日本アエロジル社製)100gをバイタミックスで撹拌しながら、H2N(CH22NH(CH23Si(OCH33 5gとジメチルシリコーンオイル5gをトルエン15gに溶解した希釈溶液を徐々に滴下し、滴下後10分間強く撹拌した。その後150℃の高温槽で加熱し、解砕を行い、シリカaを得た。
【0016】
シリカb(本発明の乾式シリカ)の製造
ヒュームドシリカ(アエロジル#130;日本アエロジル社製)100gをバイタミックスで撹拌しながら、H2N(CH23Si(OCH33 5gとメチルフェニルシリコーンオイル5gをトルエン15gに溶解した希釈溶液を徐々に滴下し、滴下後10分間強く撹拌した。その後150℃の高温槽で加熱し、解砕を行い、シリカbを得た。
【0017】
シリカc(本発明の乾式シリカ)の製造
ヒュームドシリカ(アエロジル#130;日本アエロジル社製)100gをバイタミックスで撹拌しながら、C65NH(CH23Si(OCH335gとアルキル変性シリコーンオイル5gをトルエン15gに溶解した希釈溶液を徐々に滴下し、滴下後10分間強く撹拌した。その後150℃の高温槽で加熱し、解砕を行い、シリカcを得た。
【0018】
シリカd(比較例の乾式シリカ)の製造
ヒュームドシリカ(アエロジル#130;日本アエロジル社製)100gをバイタミックスで撹拌しながら、ジメチルシリコーンオイル5gをトルエン15gに溶解した希釈溶液を徐々に滴下し、滴下後10分間強く撹拌した。その後150℃の高温槽で加熱し、解砕を行い、シリカdを得た。
【0019】
シリカe(比較例の乾式シリカ)の製造
ヒュームドシリカ(アエロジル#130;日本アエロジル社製)100gをバイタミックスで撹拌しながら、H2N(CH22NH(CH23Si(OCH33 5gをトルエン15gに溶解した希釈溶液を徐々に滴下し、滴下後10分間強く撹拌した。その後150℃の高温槽で加熱し、解砕を行い、シリカeを得た。
【0020】
シリカf(本発明の湿式シリカ)の製造
トルエン100ml中にH2N(CH23Si(OCH33 5g及びメチルハイドロジェンシリコーンオイル5gを溶解させた後、コロイダルシリカ(NipsilE−200;日本シリカ社製)100gを浸漬させた混合溶液とし、混合溶液を撹拌した後120℃で加熱、乾燥を行い、ピンミルを用いて解砕してシリカfを得た。
【0021】
シリカg(本発明の湿式シリカ)の製造
トルエン100ml中にH2N(CH22NH(CH23Si(OCH33 5g及びメチルフェニルシリコーンオイル5gを溶解させた後、コロイダルシリカ(NipsilE−200;日本シリカ社製)100gを浸漬させた混合溶液とし、混合溶液を撹拌した後120℃で加熱、乾燥を行い、ピンミルを用いて解砕してシリカgを得た。
【0022】
シリカh(比較例の湿式シリカ)の製造
トルエン100ml中にアルキル変性シリコーンオイル5gを溶解させた後、コロイダルシリカ(NipsilE−200;日本シリカ社製)100gを浸漬させた混合溶液とし、混合溶液を撹拌した後120℃で加熱、乾燥を行い、ピンミルを用いて解砕してシリカhを得た。
【0023】
シリカi(比較例の湿式シリカ)の製造
トルエン100ml中にC65NH(CH23Si(OCH335gを溶解させた後、コロイダルシリカ(NipsilE−200;日本シリカ社製)100gを浸漬させた混合溶液とし、混合溶液を撹拌した後120℃で加熱、乾燥を行い、ピンミルを用いて解砕してシリカhを得た。
以上シリカa〜iのシリカ原体とカップリング剤の種類及び量を表1に、ブローオフ帯電量と疎水化度を表2にまとめた。なお、対照用として未処理のシリカ原体(ref1,ref2)を用いた。
【0024】
【表1】
Figure 0003667967
【0025】
【表2】
Figure 0003667967
【0026】
疎水化度は以下の方法で測定した。
200mlビーカーに純水50mlを入れ、シリカ0.2gを添加する。ビーカーを撹拌しながらビューレットを用いて無水硫酸ナトリウムで脱水したメタノールを滴下し、液面上にシリカの存在が認められなくなった時点を終点として、滴下したメタノール量から下式の数1により疎水化度を算出した。
【0027】
【数1】
疎水化度(%)=(X/(50+X))×100
*式中Xはメタノール滴下量(ml)
【0028】
実施例1〜9
スチレン/アクリル樹脂(軟化点:123℃、Tg:65℃) 100重量部
針状マグネタイト 50重量部
電荷制御剤(TP−415;保土ケ谷化学社製) 4重量部
ワックス(ビスコールTS−200;三洋化成工業社製) 2.5重量部
【0029】
以上の組成物を通常知られている方法によって混合、混練、粉砕、分級し、平均粒径が10μmで7〜13μmの範囲に80wt%分布するトナー粒子とした。
前記トナー粒子に対し表3に示す組成でシリカ1およびシリカ2を添加した後、京セラ製プリンター(FS−3700)に組み込んで画像出力を行い、初期、30万枚印字後、高温高湿環境にて下記に示す項目を評価し、表4にまとめた。
【0030】
(1)ソリッド画像濃度(マクベス反射濃度計で測定)
○:1.3以上
△:1.2以上1.3未満
×:1.2未満
(2)地肌カブリ(目視判断)
○:カブリは良好
△:ややカブリを生じている
×:カブリはひどい
(3)帯電量(ブローオフ帯電量)
【0031】
【表3】
Figure 0003667967
【0032】
【表4】
Figure 0003667967
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a developer used in an electrophotographic system, and particularly relates to a positively chargeable developer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the electrophotographic development method, an electrostatic latent image is visualized or an electrostatic latent image is visualized by reversal development to obtain a high quality image.
In general, as a toner applied to these development methods, a thermoplastic resin as a binder is mixed with a colorant, a dye / pigment as a charge control agent, a wax as a release agent, a magnetic material, and kneaded, pulverized, and classified. And toner particles having an average particle diameter of 4 to 15 μm are used. In general, inorganic fine powders such as silica and titanium oxide are added in order to impart fluidity to the toner and improve cleaning properties.
[0003]
These inorganic fine powders have high hydrophilicity, and as a result, the fluidity and charge rising property of the toner change due to the influence of humidity. In order to prevent the influence of such environmental conditions, the surface of these inorganic fine powders is usually treated with a hydrophobizing agent or a polar group is introduced. An example of a developer using a metal oxide treated with aminosilane as a polar group is disclosed in, for example, JP-A Nos. 52-135739 and 56-123550. According to this method, a developer exhibiting strong positive chargeability due to the amino group of aminosilane can be obtained.
[0004]
Examples of a developer in which a positive charge control agent is adsorbed or dyed on hydrophobic silica fine particles are disclosed in, for example, JP-A-58-215252, JP-A-63-73271, and JP-A-63-73272. It is disclosed in the publication. According to this method, a developer exhibiting strong positive chargeability can be obtained by the effect of the positive charge control agent.
An example of a non-magnetic one-component developing toner containing inorganic fine particles in which both a negatively chargeable polar group and a positively chargeable polar group are bonded to the surface is disclosed in, for example, JP-A-2-66564. Yes. According to this method, it is possible to obtain a developer having an improved toner charge level, excellent charge rising property, and toner fluidity.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The prior art described above has the following problems.
In a developer using a metal oxide treated with aminosilane, aminosilane is hydrophilic, and thus there is a problem in toner fluidity and charging stability in a high temperature and high humidity environment.
Further, the developer in which the positive charge control agent is adsorbed or dyed on the hydrophobic silica fine particles has problems in toner fluidity, charge rise and stability.
In addition, non-magnetic one-component developing toners containing inorganic fine particles in which both negatively chargeable polar groups and positively chargeable polar groups are bonded to the surface have improved charge stability and toner fluidity in a high temperature and high humidity environment. There was a problem.
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  In order to solve the above problems, the positively charged developer of the present invention is:Silica fine powder prepared by a dry process (dry silica) using a coupling agent having a positively charged polar group to introduce a positively charged polar group and hydrophobized using a silicone oil; Silica powder obtained by introducing a positively charged polar group into silica (wet silica) produced by the process using a coupling agent having a positively charged polar group and hydrophobizing with silicone oilIt is characterized by the fact that it was added in combination with. The positively charged developer of the present invention adopts the above-described configuration, eliminates the environmental change of charge rising property and toner fluidity due to dry silica introduced with a positively charged polar group and hydrophobized, and is positively charged. The wet silica obtained by introducing a polar group and hydrophobizing with silicone oil can provide performance with excellent stability over time of charging, and can dramatically extend the life of the developer.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  In the positively charged developer of the present invention, two types of externally added silicas, wet silica and dry silica, which have been subjected to a specific surface treatment, are mixed and externally added to general toner particles used in electrophotography. Can be obtained. The introduction of positively charged polar groups of silica (fumed silica) produced by the dry method used in the positively charged developer of the present invention can be carried out using a coupling agent having a positively charged polar group.Can be done with silicone oil. Examples of the coupling agent having a positively chargeable polar group include aminosilane coupling agents such as compounds represented by the following chemical formula 1 and mixtures thereof.
[0008]
[Chemical 1]
H2N (CH2)2NH (CH2)ThreeSi (OCHThree)Three
H2N (CH2)2NH (CH2)ThreeSi (CHThree) (OCHThree)2
H2N (CH2)2NH (CH2)2Si (OCHThree)Three
H2N (CH2)2NH (CH2)2NH (CH2)2Si (OCHThree)Three
H2N (CH2)ThreeSi (OCHThree)Three
C6HFiveNH (CH2)ThreeSi (OCHThree)Three
[0009]
As the hydrophobizing agent, for example, a silicone oil as shown in Chemical Formula 2 below can be used.
[Chemical 2]
Figure 0003667967
* N: 6 to 800
Figure 0003667967
* X: 20 to 400
y: 20 to 400
Figure 0003667967
* R: alkyl, aralkyl group
x: 20 to 400
y: 20 to 400
Figure 0003667967
* X: 20 to 400
y: 20 to 400
[0010]
  In addition, the introduction of positively charged polar groups in wet silica (colloidal silica) produced by a wet method can be performed using an aminosilane coupling agent in the same way, making it hydrophobic.processingCan be performed using silicone oil.
[0011]
There are various methods for treating the silica surface using the coupling agent as described above. For example, the following method can be used.
First, the coupling agent is mixed and diluted using a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, toluene, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, or acetone, and the coupling agent and a diluted solution of silicone oil are dropped while forcibly stirring the silica with a blender or the like. Add by spraying and mix well. Next, the obtained mixture is transferred to a vat or the like, placed in an oven, heated and dried. After that, the mixture is stirred again with a blender and sufficiently crushed. In addition to such a dry treatment method, silica is immersed in an organic solvent solution of a coupling agent and dried, or silica is dispersed in water to form a slurry, and then an aqueous solution of the coupling agent and silicone oil is added. There is also a wet processing method in which the solution is dropped, and then the silica is precipitated, dried by heating, and crushed.
[0012]
The amount of positively charged polar groups introduced to the surface of the dry silica, that is, the amount of the processing coupling agent added to the dry silica is effectively in the range of 3 to 25% by weight, preferably 5 to 20% by weight. %. The amount of the hydrophobizing agent added to the dry silica is effectively in the range of 3 to 25% by weight, preferably 5 to 20% by weight, based on the silica.
The amount of positively charged polar groups introduced to the surface of the wet silica, that is, the amount of the treatment coupling agent added to the wet silica is preferably in the range of 3 to 25% by weight, preferably 5 to 20% by weight. It is. The amount of silicone oil added to the wet silica is effectively in the range of 1 to 25% by weight, preferably 3 to 20% by weight.
[0013]
The positively charged developer of the present invention can be obtained by mixing and externally adding dry silica and wet silica that have been subjected to the above specific treatment to toner particles.
The addition amount of silica fine powder in the positively charged developer of the present invention is 0.1 to 1.2 parts by weight (preferably 0.2 to 1.0 part by weight) of dry silica with respect to 100 parts by weight of toner particles. It is preferable to add 0.1 to 1.2 parts by weight of wet silica (preferably 0.2 to 1.0 parts by weight). The external weight ratio of dry silica and wet silica is preferably 1/10 to 10/1 (weight ratio), and preferably 3/7 to 7/3.
The developing method of the positively charged developer of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be used as a one-component developer or a two-component developer. Further, either a magnetic toner or a non-magnetic toner may be used, and it can be used as a color toner for color printing as well as a normal black toner.
[0014]
【The invention's effect】
As can be seen from the above description, according to the present invention, the dry surface treated with the specific surface treatment and the wet silica are used in combination as an external additive for the toner, thereby increasing the charging property of the obtained toner. In addition, since positive charging characteristics excellent in durability and environmental stability can be imparted, good image quality can be obtained for a long period of time.
[0015]
【Example】
The following silicas for external addition were produced.
Production of silica a (dry silica of the present invention)
While stirring 100 g of fumed silica (Aerosil # 130; manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) with Vitamix, H2N (CH2)2NH (CH2)ThreeSi (OCHThree)ThreeA dilute solution prepared by dissolving 5 g and 5 g of dimethyl silicone oil in 15 g of toluene was gradually added dropwise and stirred vigorously for 10 minutes. Thereafter, the mixture was heated in a high temperature bath at 150 ° C. and crushed to obtain silica a.
[0016]
Production of silica b (dry silica of the present invention)
While stirring 100 g of fumed silica (Aerosil # 130; manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) with Vitamix, H2N (CH2)ThreeSi (OCHThree)ThreeA diluted solution obtained by dissolving 5 g and 5 g of methylphenyl silicone oil in 15 g of toluene was gradually added dropwise, and the mixture was stirred vigorously for 10 minutes after the addition. Thereafter, the mixture was heated in a high temperature bath at 150 ° C. and crushed to obtain silica b.
[0017]
Production of silica c (dry silica of the present invention)
While stirring 100 g of fumed silica (Aerosil # 130; manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) with Vitamix, C6HFiveNH (CH2)ThreeSi (OCHThree)ThreeA diluted solution obtained by dissolving 5 g and 5 g of an alkyl-modified silicone oil in 15 g of toluene was gradually added dropwise, and the mixture was vigorously stirred for 10 minutes after the addition. Thereafter, the mixture was heated in a high-temperature bath at 150 ° C. and crushed to obtain silica c.
[0018]
Production of silica d (dry silica of comparative example)
While 100 g of fumed silica (Aerosil # 130; manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) was stirred with a vital mix, a diluted solution obtained by dissolving 5 g of dimethyl silicone oil in 15 g of toluene was gradually added dropwise and stirred vigorously for 10 minutes. Thereafter, the mixture was heated in a high-temperature bath at 150 ° C. and crushed to obtain silica d.
[0019]
Production of silica e (comparative dry silica)
While stirring 100 g of fumed silica (Aerosil # 130; manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) with Vitamix, H2N (CH2)2NH (CH2)ThreeSi (OCHThree)ThreeA dilute solution obtained by dissolving 5 g in 15 g of toluene was gradually added dropwise and stirred vigorously for 10 minutes after the addition. Then, it heated in the 150 degreeC high temperature tank, crushed, and obtained silica e.
[0020]
Production of silica f (wet silica of the present invention)
H in 100 ml of toluene2N (CH2)ThreeSi (OCHThree)Three5 g and 5 g of methyl hydrogen silicone oil were dissolved, and then a mixed solution in which 100 g of colloidal silica (Nipsil E-200; manufactured by Nippon Silica Co., Ltd.) was immersed, and the mixed solution was stirred and heated at 120 ° C. and dried. The silica f was obtained by crushing using a pin mill.
[0021]
Production of silica g (wet silica of the present invention)
H in 100 ml of toluene2N (CH2)2NH (CH2)ThreeSi (OCHThree)Three5 g and 5 g of methylphenyl silicone oil are dissolved, and then a mixed solution in which 100 g of colloidal silica (Nipsil E-200; manufactured by Nippon Silica Co., Ltd.) is immersed is stirred. To obtain silica g.
[0022]
Production of silica h (wet silica of comparative example)
After dissolving 5 g of alkyl-modified silicone oil in 100 ml of toluene, a mixed solution in which 100 g of colloidal silica (Nipsil E-200; manufactured by Nippon Silica) is immersed is prepared. The silica h was obtained by crushing using a pin mill.
[0023]
Production of silica i (wet silica of comparative example)
C in 100 ml of toluene6HFiveNH (CH2)ThreeSi (OCHThree)ThreeAfter 5 g is dissolved, a mixed solution in which 100 g of colloidal silica (Nipsil E-200; manufactured by Nippon Silica Co., Ltd.) is immersed is prepared. Thus, silica h was obtained.
The types and amounts of the silica raw materials and coupling agents of silica a to i are summarized in Table 1, and the blow-off charge amount and the degree of hydrophobicity are summarized in Table 2. As a control, untreated silica bulk (ref1, ref2) was used.
[0024]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003667967
[0025]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003667967
[0026]
The degree of hydrophobicity was measured by the following method.
Put 50 ml of pure water in a 200 ml beaker and add 0.2 g of silica. Methanol dehydrated with anhydrous sodium sulfate was added dropwise using a burette while stirring the beaker, and the point when the presence of silica was no longer recognized on the liquid surface was used as the end point to determine the hydrophobicity from the amount of added methanol using the following equation (1). The degree of conversion was calculated.
[0027]
[Expression 1]
Hydrophobicity (%) = (X / (50 + X)) × 100
* In the formula, X is the amount of methanol dropped (ml)
[0028]
Examples 1-9
100 parts by weight of styrene / acrylic resin (softening point: 123 ° C., Tg: 65 ° C.)
50 parts by weight of acicular magnetite
Charge control agent (TP-415; manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.) 4 parts by weight
Wax (Viscol TS-200; manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries) 2.5 parts by weight
[0029]
The above composition was mixed, kneaded, pulverized and classified by a generally known method to obtain toner particles having an average particle size of 10 μm and 80 wt% distribution in the range of 7 to 13 μm.
After silica 1 and silica 2 having the composition shown in Table 3 are added to the toner particles, they are incorporated into a Kyocera printer (FS-3700) to output an image. The following items were evaluated and summarized in Table 4.
[0030]
(1) Solid image density (measured with Macbeth reflection densitometer)
○: 1.3 or more
Δ: 1.2 or more and less than 1.3
X: Less than 1.2
(2) Background fog (visual judgment)
○: fog is good
Δ: Slight fogging
×: fog is terrible
(3) Charge amount (Blow-off charge amount)
[0031]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003667967
[0032]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003667967

Claims (1)

乾式法にて製造されたシリカ(乾式シリカ)を正帯電極性基を有するカップリング剤を用いて正帯電極性基を導入すると共にシリコーンオイルを用いて疎水化処理を行ったシリカ微粉末と、湿式法にて製造されたシリカ(湿式シリカ)を正帯電極性基を有するカップリング剤を用いて正帯電極性基を導入すると共にシリコーンオイルを用いて疎水化処理を行ったシリカ微粉末とを併用して、トナー粒子に外添したことを特徴とする正帯電現像剤。 Silica fine powder produced by a dry method (dry silica) with a positively charged polar group introduced using a coupling agent having a positively charged polar group and hydrophobized with silicone oil, and wet Silica (wet silica) produced by the above method is used in combination with silica fine powder that is introduced with positively charged polar groups using a coupling agent having positively charged polar groups and hydrophobized with silicone oil. A positively charged developer that is externally added to toner particles.
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