JP3671095B2 - Method for measuring glycation end product bound to protein - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for measuring a glycation end product bound to a protein. The method of the present invention is useful for diagnosis of diabetes, arteriosclerosis, aging, etc., determination of therapeutic effect, and prediction of prognosis.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The Maillard reaction is a well-known reaction in the field of food chemistry, and it is more complicated than the previous reaction in which reducing sugars such as glucose and proteins are non-enzymatically bound to form a Schiff base, resulting in an Amadori transfer product. It can be divided into brown reaction, fluorescence, and late reaction that forms intermolecular crosslinks through various reaction processes. The substance produced by this late reaction is called advanced glycation end products (AGE). This AGE is a general term for various structures such as pyralin, pentosidine, carboxymethyllysine, and crosslin. It is known that AGEs bound to proteins increase in various lesions such as diabetes, arteriosclerosis, and aging. There is a report that it is considered as one of the causative agents of diabetic complications, and the onset of complications can be suppressed by a drug that inhibits this AGE production. Therefore, it is expected to capture the progress of these complications by measuring the AGE bound to the protein.
[0003]
Conventionally, immunoassays for AGEs bound to proteins have been measured as they are without any treatment.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
AGE bound to a protein can be measured by a conventional method, but it goes without saying that it is preferable if the measurement sensitivity can be further increased.
[0005]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring AGE bound to a protein, which has higher measurement sensitivity than conventional methods.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Proteins are usually folded three-dimensionally. As a result of diligent research, the present inventors have found that AGE is bound not only to the outside of the three-dimensionally folded protein but also to the inside thereof, and the sample is first treated with a protein denaturant to produce a protein. It was found that the amount of AGE to be measured can be increased by measuring after denaturing, thereby increasing the measurement sensitivity . Furthermore, the present inventors have found that by performing the treatment with the protein denaturant in the presence of a reducing agent, it is possible to suppress the formation of AGE during the treatment with the protein denaturant .
[0007]
That is, in the present invention , a protein denaturant is allowed to act on a specimen containing a glycation end product bound to a protein in the presence of a reducing agent that suppresses the formation of the glycation end product to denature the protein (however, sodium dodecyl sulfate and Provided is a method for measuring a glycated end product bound to a protein, which comprises immunoassay of a glycated end product in a specimen, except when proteinase K is allowed to act simultaneously.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Examples of the specimen used in the method of the present invention include, but are not limited to, body fluids such as blood, serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid, and in vivo tissues.
[0009]
AGE is known to bind to various proteins, and the AGE binding protein measured by the method of the present invention may be any existing in the living body, and a mixture of a plurality of types of AGE binding proteins. It may be. Examples of proteins to which AGE binds include, but are not limited to, serum albumin, hemoglobin, LDL, β ₂ -microglobulin, collagen, crystalline lens, and myelin.
[0010]
In the method of the present invention, first, a protein denaturing agent is allowed to act on a specimen to denature the protein portion of the AGE-binding protein. Here, “denaturation” means changing the three-dimensional structure of the protein to expose at least a part of the inside of the protein. Examples of such protein denaturing agents include surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), urea, guanidine hydrochloride and the like. Proteolytic enzymes are also included in the “protein denaturing agent” referred to in the present invention. This is because, by treating the AGE-binding protein with a proteolytic enzyme and cleaving the protein portion, at least a part of the inside of the protein is exposed. However, if the protein is cleaved too much, the sensitivity of the immunoassay is rather lowered, which is not preferable. The various protein denaturing agents may be used alone or in combination with a plurality of protein denaturing agents. However, when SDS and proteinase K are used in combination, the increase in the sensitivity of the immunoassay is low, so these combination is not desirable. Of the protein denaturing agents, SDS is particularly preferred.
[0011]
The amount of the protein denaturant used can be appropriately set according to each protein denaturant by appropriately selecting an amount that improves the measurement sensitivity by immunoassay, but the final concentration is usually 0.01% by weight or more. Preferably, the concentration at the time of immunoassay is 0.1% by weight or less.
[0012]
The pH when the protein denaturant is allowed to act is preferably neutral or basic, and is preferably about pH 5 to 12.5. In addition, when processing by high pH of pH10.5-12.5, the AGE production | generation from a Maillard reaction early stage product is accelerated | stimulated. In addition, denaturation and / or fragmentation of the protein structure is promoted.
[0013]
Heating is preferably performed when the protein denaturant is allowed to act. By heating, denaturation and solubilization of the AGE binding protein can be easily promoted. That is, the treatment conditions are preferably 60 ° C. or higher, more preferably about 100 ° C., and 5 seconds to 20 minutes, more preferably about 5 minutes to 15 minutes.
[0014]
When treated with a protein denaturing agent, Ru coexist suppress reducing agent neogenesis glycation endproducts. When the protein denaturant treatment is performed in the presence of such a reducing agent, it is possible to prevent new AGEs from being formed on the protein during the treatment. That is, saccharides that have not yet reached AGE may be bound to the protein. In such a case, the saccharide is further reacted and converted to AGE during the treatment with the protein denaturant. There is. By performing the protein denaturing agent treatment in the presence of a reducing agent, it is possible to suppress the formation of AGE during the protein denaturing agent treatment. Examples of preferred reducing agents include, but are not limited to, NaBH ₄ and NaBH ₃ CN. The concentration of the reducing agent is preferably about 0.001M to 1.0M in terms of final concentration. The treatment with the reducing agent may be performed simultaneously with the protein denaturing agent treatment or may be performed before the protein denaturing agent treatment. In this case, the reducing agent is preferably allowed to act at the above concentration at room temperature for about 20 minutes to 1 hour.
[0016]
After the protein denaturant treatment, it is preferable to immediately cool on ice, and after cooling, dilute about 5 to 10 times with a buffer solution. This diluted solution may contain about 0.1% by weight of bovine serum albumin. In addition, when the protein denaturant treatment is performed under basic conditions, it is preferable to neutralize with an acid such as phosphoric acid prior to or simultaneously with the dilution.
[0017]
After the treatment with the protein denaturant as described above, the specimen is subjected to immunoassay, and the AGE in the specimen is measured. The immunoassay itself can be performed by a conventional method using an anti-AGE antibody.
[0018]
That is, an anti-AGE antibody prepares an AGE-binding protein by incubating a carrier protein such as BSA or KLH and glucose in a buffer solution for 12 to 42 weeks, immunizes an animal using this as an antigen, Can be prepared by recovering the antibody by a conventional method. The anti-AGE antibody may be a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody. Anti-AGE antibodies themselves and methods for producing them are known, and are described, for example, in Hidetaka Nakayama et al., BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, Vol. 162, No. 2, 1989, pp. 740-745.
[0019]
The immunoassay can be performed by any method using an antigen-antibody reaction between the anti-AGE antibody and AGE in a specimen. That is, any method such as sandwich method, competition method, and aggregation method may be used if classified according to the measurement format, and any method such as enzyme immunoassay, radioimmunoassay, fluorescent immunoassay, etc., if classified according to the label used. It may be. These immunoassay methods themselves are well known in the art.
[0020]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically based on examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
[0021]
Reference example 1
(1) Protein denaturant treatment Rat serum was used as a specimen. 0.01 ml of specimen and 0.09 ml of 0.1M PBS (pH 7.2) were added to the microtube. Furthermore, 0.1 ml of 0.01M Tris-HCl physiological saline (pH 7.4) containing 0.6% SDS was added. The pH at this time was 7.2. The mixture was then heated at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes and immediately cooled on ice. After cooling, 0.8 ml of 0.1 M PBS (pH 7.2) was added for dilution.
[0022]
(2) Immunoassay
(i) Preparation of anti-AGE antibody Various AGE-modified proteins were prepared by incubating various proteins and glucose in a 0.1 M PBS (pH 7.2) solution for 12 to 42 weeks. The AGE-modified KLH produced by this method was immunized to rabbits by a known method (H. Nakayama et al., Supra), and antiserum was recovered and used as an anti-AGE antibody. The prepared anti-AGE antibody reacted with the aforementioned various AGE-modified proteins. In addition, when the AGE-modified bovine serum albumin used as the standard AGE-modified protein was reduced with NaBH _{4 for} 30 minutes at room temperature, and the reactivity with the prepared antibody was examined by the presence or absence of the treatment, the prepared antibody Both reacted to the same extent. For this reason, it was shown that the produced antibody recognizes AGE.
[0023]
(ii) ELISA
0.1 M containing standard AGE bovine serum albumin at a concentration of 280 ng / ml
PBS (pH 7.2) was dispensed in 0.1 ml portions on an ELISA plate and immobilized at 4 ° C. overnight. Further, this plate was washed, and then 0.1 ml of 0.1M PBS (pH 7.2) containing 1% bovine serum albumin was dispensed and incubated at room temperature for 4 hours to block the plate.
[0024]
Dispense 0.1 ml of the sample solution treated with the protein denaturant in (1) and 0.1 ml of the anti-AGE antibody (diluted 10,000 times) prepared in (i) to the ELISA plate prepared previously, Reacted overnight.
[0025]
The ELISA plate thus reacted was washed, and a horseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-rabbit IgG antibody (P0399 manufactured by DAKO) diluted to a required concentration was dispensed and reacted at room temperature for 4 hours. The ELISA plate was washed, reacted with tetramethylbenzidine as a chromogenic substrate, stopped with sulfuric acid, and then the absorbance was measured.
[0026]
The standard AGE protein of known concentration was subjected to the above operation to prepare a calibration curve, and based on this, the amount of AGE in the serum sample was determined. The results are shown in FIG. The result of this reference example is shown in a bar graph with “neutral SDS” hatched in FIG.
[0027]
Example 1
Before the sample was treated with the protein denaturant, the same procedure as in Reference Example 1 was performed, except that the sample was treated with NaBH ₄ at a final concentration of 0.05 M at room temperature for 30 minutes and then dialyzed. The results are shown in FIG. The result of this example is shown by a black bar graph of “neutral SDS” in FIG.
[0028]
Reference example 2
Rat serum was used as the specimen. 0.01 ml of specimen and 0.04 ml of 0.1M PBS (pH 7.2) were added to the microtube. Then 0.05 ml of 0.2M NaOH was added. Furthermore, 0.1 ml of 0.01M Tris-HCl physiological saline (pH 7.4) containing 0.6% SDS was added. The pH at this time was 11.7. The mixture was then heated at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes and immediately cooled on ice. After cooling, 0.03 ml of 0.2M phosphoric acid was added for neutralization. Subsequently, it diluted by adding 0.77 ml of 0.1M PBS (pH 7.2).
[0029]
The specimen thus treated was subjected to immunoassay in the same manner as in Reference Example 1. The results are shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, the results of this reference example are shown in a bar graph with “basic SDS” hatched.
[0030]
Example 2
Before the sample was treated with the protein denaturant, the same procedure as in Reference Example 2 was performed, except that the sample was treated with NaBH ₄ at a final concentration of 0.05 M at room temperature for 30 minutes and then dialyzed. The results are shown in FIG. The result of this example is shown by a black bar graph of “basic SDS” in FIG.
[0031]
Example 3
Rat serum was used as the specimen. 0.01 ml of specimen and 0.09 ml of 0.1M PBS (pH 7.2) were added to the microtube. Furthermore, 0.1 ml of 0.01M Tris-HCl physiological saline (pH 7.4) containing 0.6% SDS was added. In addition, 0.005 ml of 2M NaBH ₄ /0.05M NaOH was added. The pH at this time was 7.5. The mixture was then heated at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes and immediately cooled on ice. After cooling, 0.8 ml of 0.1 M PBS (pH 7.2) was added for dilution.
[0032]
The specimen thus treated was subjected to immunoassay in the same manner as in Reference Example 1. The results are shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, the results of this example are shown in a bar graph with “neutral NaBH ₄ SDS” hatched.
[0033]
Example 4
The same procedure as in Example 3 was performed, except that the sample was treated with NaBH ₄ at a final concentration of 0.05 M at room temperature for 30 minutes and then dialyzed before the sample was treated with the protein denaturant. The results are shown in FIG. The result of this example is shown by a black bar graph of “neutral NaBH ₄ SDS” in FIG.
[0034]
Example 5
Rat serum was used as the specimen. 0.01 ml of specimen and 0.04 ml of 0.1M PBS (pH 7.2) were added to the microtube. Then 0.05 ml of 0.2M NaOH was added. Furthermore, 0.1 ml of 0.01M Tris-HCl physiological saline (pH 7.4) containing 0.6% SDS was added. In addition, 0.005 ml of 2M NaBH ₄ /0.05M NaOH was added. The pH at this time was 11.7. The mixture was then heated at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes and immediately cooled on ice. After cooling, 0.77 ml of 0.1 M PBS (pH 7.2) was added for dilution.
[0035]
The specimen thus treated was subjected to immunoassay in the same manner as in Reference Example 1. The results are shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, the results of this example are shown in a bar graph with “basic NaBH ₄ SDS” hatched.
[0036]
Example 6
The same procedure as in Example 5 was performed, except that the sample was treated with a final concentration of 0.05 M NaBH ₄ at room temperature for 30 minutes and then dialyzed before the sample was treated with the protein denaturant. The results are shown in FIG. The result of this example is shown by a black bar graph of “basic NaBH ₄ SDS” in FIG.
[0037]
Comparative Example 1
Immunoassay was performed by the same method as in Reference Example 1 without treating the sample with a protein denaturant. The results are shown in FIG. The results of this comparative example are shown in FIG. 1 as a bar graph with “unprocessed” hatching.
[0038]
Comparative Example 2
Prior to subjecting the specimen to immunoassay, the same procedure as in Comparative Example 1 was performed, except that the specimen was treated with NaBH ₄ at a final concentration of 0.05 M at room temperature for 30 minutes and then dialyzed. The results are shown in FIG. The result of this comparative example is shown by a black bar graph of “unprocessed” in FIG.
[0039]
Comparative Example 3
During the SDS treatment, 0.001 ml of a 20 mg / ml proteiner K solution was added, the SDS concentration in the SDS solution was a final concentration of 0.3%, and the conditions during the protein denaturant treatment were 60 ° C. The same operation as in Reference Example 1 was performed, except that it was 4 hours and then 100 ° C. for 5 minutes. The results are shown in FIG. The results of this comparative example are shown in a bar graph with “ProK / SDS” hatched in FIG.
[0040]
Comparative Example 4
Prior to subjecting the specimen to immunoassay, the same procedure as Comparative Example 3 was performed, except that the specimen was treated with NaBH ₄ at a final concentration of 0.05 M at room temperature for 30 minutes and then dialyzed. The results are shown in FIG. The result of this comparative example is indicated by a black bar graph of “ProK / SDS” in FIG.
[0041]
As shown in FIG. 1, according to the method of the present invention, the measurement sensitivity is higher than the method of the comparative example. In addition, when the protein denaturant treatment is carried out in the absence of a reducing agent under basic conditions, the amount of new AGE produced becomes very large, and when including saccharides that will be converted to AGE in the future, It has also been shown that this condition is very good. Furthermore, it was also shown that the sensitivity is higher when a reducing agent is included when measuring the current AGE amount.
[0042]
Reference Examples 3 and 4, Examples 7 and 8
According to the methods described in Reference Examples 1 and 2 and Examples 3 and 5 , AGE levels were measured for diabetic patient serum, serum before and after dialysis of kidney dialysis patients, and healthy human serum. Figure 2 the results when conducted by the method of Reference Example 2 (Reference Example 3), the results when conducted by the method of Example 5 (Example 7) in FIG. 3, was performed by the method of Reference Example 1 The results of the case ( Reference Example 4 ) are shown in FIG. 4, and the results of the case of Example 3 (Example 8 ) are shown in FIG. 2 to 5, it was confirmed that the method of the present invention can be applied to clinical diagnosis.
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a method capable of measuring an AGE-binding protein in a specimen with high sensitivity is provided. The method of the present invention is expected to greatly contribute to improving the accuracy of diagnosis of diabetes, arteriosclerosis, etc., determination of therapeutic effect, and prediction of prognosis.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of measuring the amount of AGE in a specimen by the method of an example of the present invention and the method of a comparative example.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the results of measuring the AGE amount of various patient sera and healthy human sera by the method of one reference example of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of measuring the AGE levels of various patient sera and healthy human sera by the method of another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of measuring the AGE levels of various patient sera and healthy human sera by the method of still another reference example of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the results of measuring the AGE amount of various patient sera and healthy human sera by the method of yet another example of the present invention.

Claims (6)

A protein denaturant is allowed to act on a specimen containing a glycation end product bound to a protein in the presence of a reducing agent that suppresses the formation of the glycation end product, but the protein is denatured (but sodium dodecyl sulfate and proteinase K act simultaneously) A method for measuring a glycation end product bound to a protein, comprising immunoassaying the glycation end product in a specimen.   The method of claim 1, wherein the protein denaturing agent is sodium dodecyl sulfate.   The method according to claim 1, wherein heating is performed when the protein denaturant is allowed to act.   The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the protein denaturant is allowed to act in the absence of a proteolytic enzyme. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the reducing agent is applied to the specimen simultaneously with the protein denaturant, or is applied to the specimen prior to the protein denaturant. The reducing agent is NaBH _Four Or NaBH _Three CN The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein:

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