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JP3671649B2 - Polishing method and polishing apparatus - Google Patents
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JP3671649B2 - Polishing method and polishing apparatus - Google Patents

Polishing method and polishing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3671649B2
JP3671649B2 JP2321398A JP2321398A JP3671649B2 JP 3671649 B2 JP3671649 B2 JP 3671649B2 JP 2321398 A JP2321398 A JP 2321398A JP 2321398 A JP2321398 A JP 2321398A JP 3671649 B2 JP3671649 B2 JP 3671649B2
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Prior art keywords
polishing
workpiece
rate
liquid
abrasive grains
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JPH11216665A (en
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幸敏 中辻
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Konica Minolta Opto Inc
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Konica Minolta Opto Inc
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  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、研磨定盤を用いた研磨方法及び研磨装置に関し、特に、ハードディスクに使用されるガラス基板の表面仕上げを行う際における研磨方法及び研磨装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
コンピュータの外部記憶装置であるハードディスクドライブ装置は、年々高密度記録化されており、それに伴って駆動時に記憶媒体であるハードディスクと近接状態にある磁気ヘッドの姿勢安定化や、ハードディスクにおける磁性層の磁区構造均一化などのために、ハードディスク用の基板にはより小さな表面粗さが求められている。ハードディスク用基板はアルミ基板に変わり比較的小さい表面粗さが得られるガラス基板が使用されるようになってきているが、要求精度が益々厳しくなるためこれを満足するようにハードディスク用ガラス基板を簡単に研磨できるような研磨方法の確立が急務となっている。
【0003】
従来のハードディスク用ガラス基板の研磨方法を図1を参照して説明する。図1において、研磨装置1は、回転可能な下定盤2上にキャリア4によって位置規制されたワークWが載置され、キャリア4は外周にギヤ部(図示せず)を有しており、回転可能なガイド部材3の内周に形成されたギヤ部(図示せず)と噛合してワークWを回動させるようになっている。
【0004】
ワークWは上定盤5によって上方から加圧され、上定盤5と下定盤2とが通常は、それぞれ異なった方向に回転し、研磨砥粒Sを介在してワークWの研磨が行われるようになっている。研磨砥粒Sは、ダイヤモンド、アルミナ、二酸化珪素、酸化セリウムなどからなり、水、水溶性の潤滑剤、油性の潤滑剤などと混合した研磨液として研磨液供給器11により所定の時間間隔で所定量供給され、使用された研磨液は、循環器10で研磨液供給器11に戻されて濾過され再利用されるようになっている。
【0005】
また、上定盤5及び下定盤2は、錫、銅、鋳鉄およびシート状の樹脂や繊維などの材料で形成され、その種類および研磨液の種類などは、研磨加工が行われるワークWによって決定される。
【0006】
このような研磨装置1によってワークWの研磨加工が行われる際に、通常は加工時間を短縮するために高い研磨加工レートが得られる砥粒径の大きな研磨砥粒Sによって粗研磨加工を行い、ワークWが所定の厚みtに到達すると砥粒径の小さい研磨砥粒Sに交換して、表面粗さを細かくするような仕上げ研磨加工を行っていた。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記のような研磨装置1において研磨砥粒Sを交換するには、粗研磨加工時に使用した研磨砥粒Sを除去するために研磨定盤(2,5)上や、研磨液供給器11から研磨装置1に至る配管内の洗浄などの非常に繁雑な作業を必要とし、作業中は研磨装置1が停止しているため総合的な研磨加工時間が短縮されず、研磨装置1の稼働率の低下を招いていた。
【0008】
また、仕上げ研磨加工時に粗研磨加工時と別の装置を使用することも考えられるが、仕上げ研磨加工における研磨定盤の平面度が粗研磨加工に使用した装置の研磨定盤の平面度と同一でないために当初ワークの一部分のみが研磨されワークの全面が仕上げ研磨されるまでに時間が掛かってしまったり、ワークの全面が未だ仕上げ研磨されていないことを検知できずにワークの片面内に同一でない複数の面を有したガラス基板が製造されてしまうという不具合が生ずるため同一の研磨装置によって仕上げ研磨加工までを行う方が望ましい。
【0009】
また、粗研磨加工時において砥粒径が大きな研磨砥粒Sによって研磨加工された面の表面粗さが大きいために、ワークW表面の凹凸に仕上げ研磨加工時における砥粒径の小さい研磨砥粒が入り込んで埋没し、ワークW表面が研磨されにくくなるために表面の凹凸が除去されず、研磨加工終了後におけるワークWの洗浄後に埋没した研磨砥粒Sが除去されて表面に凹凸が残り、所望の表面粗さが得られない場合があった。
【0010】
本発明は、ガラス基板などの研磨加工において、研磨砥粒の交換という繁雑な作業を必要とせず、同一の研磨装置および同一の研磨砥粒によって簡単に表面粗さの要求精度を満足させることが可能で、研磨加工時間を短縮するとともに研磨装置の稼働率を向上させるような研磨方法及び研磨装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、研磨定盤上に被加工物が押圧して当接され、前記研磨定盤と前記被加工物とが研磨砥粒を介在させながら摺動して前記被加工物の前記研磨定盤との当接面が研磨される研磨方法において、第1の研磨加工レートにより研磨加工が行われる第1の工程と、前記研磨砥粒を変更することなく前記第1の研磨加工レートよりも低い第2の研磨加工レートにより研磨加工が行われる第2の工程とを有し、前記第2の研磨加工レートは、前記第1の研磨加工レートの60%以下となっている。
【0012】
この構成によると、被加工物を所定の外形寸法まで粗研磨加工した後、研磨砥粒を交換せずに被加工物の研磨加工レートを低下させて仕上げ研磨加工が行われ、被加工物が所望の表面粗さに仕上げられることになる。この研磨加工レートと表面粗さとは相関関係があり、研磨加工レートが低いと表面粗さが小さくなっている。所望の表面粗さに対応する研磨加工レートは、被加工物によって異なる値となるため予め被加工物に応じて実験的に求められているものである。また、被加工物を所定の外形寸法まで粗研磨加工した後、被加工物の研磨加工レートを粗研磨加工時の60%以下まで低下させて最終仕上げ加工が行われ、被加工物が所望の表面粗さに仕上げられることになる。
【0015】
また、本発明は、前記研磨加工レートは、前記研磨定盤上の前記研磨砥粒の量によって調整されるようになっている。
【0016】
この構成によると、被加工物を所定の外形寸法まで粗研磨加工した後、研磨砥粒の濃度の低い研磨液を研磨定盤上に供給するなどの方法によって、研磨定盤上の研磨砥粒の量を減少させることにより、被加工物の研磨加工レートを低下させて仕上げ研磨加工が行われ、被加工物が所望の表面粗さに仕上げられることになる。この研磨加工レートと表面粗さとは相関関係があり、研磨加工レートが低いと表面粗さが小さくなっている。所望の表面粗さに対応する研磨加工レートは、被加工物によって異なる値となるため予め被加工物に応じて実験的に求められているものである。
【0017】
また、本発明は、前記研磨加工レートは、前記被加工物を押圧する押圧力によって調整されるようになっている。
【0018】
この構成によると、被加工物を所定の外形寸法まで粗研磨加工した後、被加工物を押圧する押圧力を低下させて、被加工物の研磨加工レートを低下させることにより仕上げ研磨加工が行われ、被加工物が所望の表面粗さに仕上げられることになる。この研磨加工レートと表面粗さとは相関関係があり、研磨加工レートが低いと表面粗さが小さくなっている。所望の表面粗さに対応する研磨加工レートは、被加工物によって異なる値となるため予め被加工物に応じて実験的に求められているものである。
【0019】
また、本発明は、前記研磨加工レートは、前記研磨定盤の回転数及び前記被加工物の回転数によって調整されるようになっている。
【0020】
この構成によると、被加工物を所定の外形寸法まで粗研磨加工した後、研磨定盤の回転数及び被加工物の回転数を変化させて、被加工物の研磨加工レートを低下させることにより仕上げ研磨加工が行われ、被加工物が所望の表面粗さに仕上げられることになる。この研磨加工レートと表面粗さとは相関関係があり、研磨加工レートが低いと表面粗さが小さくなっている。所望の表面粗さに対応する研磨加工レートは、被加工物によって異なる値となるため予め被加工物に応じて実験的に求められているものである。
【0021】
また、本発明は、研磨定盤を駆動する駆動機構部と、被加工物が前記研磨定盤上から脱落することを防止する被加工物保持手段と、研磨砥粒を含む第1の研磨液を前記研磨定盤上に供給する第1の研磨液供給器と、第1の研磨液より研磨砥粒の濃度が低いかあるいは研磨砥粒を含まない第2の研磨液を前記研磨定盤上に供給する第2の研磨液供給器とを備え、前記研磨定盤と前記被加工物とが摺動して前記被加工物の前記研磨定盤との当接面の研磨加工が行われる際に、回転する前記研磨定盤上に前記第1の研磨液が前記第1の研磨液供給器によって所定量供給されながら前記研磨加工が行われ、所定の時期に前記第1の研磨液の供給が停止されて前記第2の研磨液供給器によって所定量の前記第2の研磨液が供給されながら前記第1の研磨液の研磨砥粒と前記第2の研磨液の研磨砥粒を変更することなく、前記研磨加工が行われ、前記第2の研磨液による研磨加工レートが、前記第1の研磨液による研磨加工レートの60%以下となっている。
【0022】
この構成によると、第1の研磨液が第1の研磨液供給器から回転する研磨定盤上に供給され、研磨定盤と研磨定盤上に被加工物保持手段によって設置された被加工物とが第1の研磨液に含まれる研磨砥粒を介在させながら摺動して被加工物が所定の外形寸法まで粗研磨加工された後、研磨砥粒の濃度が低いかあるいは研磨砥粒を含まない第2の研磨液が第2の研磨液供給器から研磨定盤上に供給されて研磨定盤上の研磨砥粒の量を低下させることにより、第1の研磨液の研磨砥粒と第2の研磨液の研磨砥粒を変更することなく、被加工物の研磨加工レートを低下させて仕上げ研磨加工が行われることになる。また、被加工物を所定の外形寸法まで粗研磨加工した後、被加工物の研磨加工レートを粗研磨加工時の60%以下まで低下させて最終仕上げ加工が行われ、被加工物が所望の表面粗さに仕上げられることになる。
【0023】
【発明の実施の形態】
図2の(a)、(b)は、ガラス基板を酸化セリウム砥粒を用いて研磨液中の研磨砥粒の濃度(以下「砥粒濃度」という)および加圧力によってワークにかかる圧力(以下、「面圧」という)をパラメータとして研磨加工した結果を示している。同図において横軸は砥粒濃度及び面圧を示し、縦軸は研磨加工レートを示している。
【0024】
(a)において面圧は200g/cm2であり、(b)において砥粒濃度は20%である。なお砥粒濃度は研磨液全体の重量に対する研磨砥粒の重量の比率で表しており、研磨加工レートは、研磨されるワークの単位時間あたりの厚み減少量を示しており、μm/分の単位で表している。
【0025】
また、研磨砥粒は酸化セリウムを使用し、研磨定盤は鋳鉄盤上にポリウレタンシートを貼って使用した。上定盤,下定盤の直径は1500mm、上定盤,下定盤,ワークを保持するキャリアの回転数はそれぞれ20rpm,60rpm(上定盤と逆方向),20rpm(上定盤と逆方向)である。
【0026】
同図によると、砥粒濃度が低いときは砥粒濃度が大きくなるほど研磨加工レートが大きくなり、砥粒濃度がある値以上になると研磨加工レートは飽和している。また、面圧は大きくなるほど研磨加工レートが大きくなっており、砥粒濃度及び面圧によって研磨加工レートを制御することが可能であることがわかる。
【0027】
また、図3に、図2に示した加工条件及び他の加工条件における研磨加工レートとワークの表面粗さとの関係を示す。同図において横軸は研磨加工レート、縦軸は表面粗さを示し、表面粗さは中心線平均粗さRaで表しており単位はオングストロームである。
【0028】
同図によると、面圧や砥粒濃度などによって変わる研磨加工レートとワークの表面粗さとの間には相関関係があることがわかる。要求される表面粗さRaが例えば8オングストローム以下である場合、研磨加工レートを0.3μm/分以下とすることでほぼ要求精度を満足することができるようになる。
【0029】
このようにワークの表面粗さは、研磨加工レートと相関関係があるために、要求される表面粗さに応じた研磨加工レートが得られる砥粒濃度や面圧に設定することで所望の表面粗さを得ることが可能であり、研磨砥粒の交換などの繁雑な作業を必要とせずに、仕上げ研磨加工を行うことができるようになる。
【0030】
また、前述の図2の(a)に示すように砥粒濃度が約10%以上において研磨加工レートが安定した定常状態であり、通常は、この定常状態の範囲で使用される。従来、表面粗さRaの要求精度が8オングストローム以下の場合、粗研磨加工および仕上げ研磨加工は、研磨砥粒の砥粒径1.23及び0.65μm、面圧200g/cm2、砥粒濃度20%の加工条件で行っており、同図によると研磨加工レートは夫々約0.5および0.3μm/分である。
【0031】
仕上げ研磨時の加工条件は、表面粗さの要求精度によって決定されており、粗研磨加工後の表面粗さが大きいと前述のようにワークの表面の凹凸に仕上げ研磨加工時の研磨砥粒が埋没する現象の発生率が高くなることを考慮して、適当な研磨加工レートとなるように粗研磨加工時の加工条件が決定されている。
【0032】
本発明によると、研磨砥粒の砥粒径は、粗研磨加工時と仕上げ研磨加工時とで同一であるため、ワークの表面の凹凸に仕上げ研磨加工時の研磨砥粒が埋没する現象が発生しない。従って、粗研磨加工時の研磨加工レートを大きくすることが可能であり、前述の図2に示すように従来の粗研磨加工時と仕上げ研磨加工時との研磨加工レートの比は約60%であるので、研磨加工レートの比が60%以下となるように粗研磨加工時の加工条件を設定すれば従来よりも加工工数を削減することができるようになる。
【0033】
また、砥粒濃度及び面圧だけでなく、研磨定盤およびワークの回転数を変えて研磨砥粒とワークとの相対速度を変化させて研磨加工レートを制御することによっても同様の効果を期待することができる。
【0034】
なお、図2、図3に示したデータはハードディスク用のガラス基板を前述の加工条件の下で研磨した際のものであるため、他の材料については絶対値が異なると予測されるのでそれぞれの材料に応じた研磨加工レートを実験的に求めることによって、要求される表面粗さを得ることが可能となる。
【0035】
面圧やワーク及び研磨定盤の回転数を変化させることは、先に述べた図1に示した研磨装置1によって加工当初は研磨加工レートを高い条件に設定しておき、ワークWの厚みtが所定寸法まで到達したときに加圧力または回転数を自動的にあるいはスイッチなどで切り換えて、研磨加工レートを低くすることが可能であるが、砥粒濃度を下げて研磨加工レートを低くする際には研磨液供給器11に取り付けられた研磨液を砥粒濃度の低い研磨液に取り換える作業が必要であるため作業工数が増加してしまうことになる。
【0036】
図4は、簡単に砥粒濃度を低下させる研磨装置を示したものであり、研磨装置1は、前述の図1に示す装置と比較して潤滑剤供給器12が付加されている。同図において、図1と同じ部材に関しては同一の符号を付している。
【0037】
この研磨装置1を用いた研磨方法について以下に説明する。ワークWは、下定盤2上にキャリア4によって位置決めされ、上方から上定盤5によって所定の加圧力で加圧される。次に研磨液供給器11によって所定の時間間隔で研磨液を供給しながら上定盤5、下定盤2及びキャリア4を所定の回転数で回転させてワークWの厚みtが所定寸法になるまで研磨が行われる。ワークWの厚みtの制御は研磨加工時間によって制御しても良いし、図示しない定寸装置によって制御しても良い。
【0038】
次にワークWの厚みtが所定の寸法に到達すると、研磨液供給器11からの研磨液の供給が停止され、潤滑剤供給器12から市水が所定時間間隔で供給されて引き続き研磨が行われる。この時循環器10は、排水するように切り換えられる。
【0039】
潤滑剤供給器12によって供給される市水は、純水を供給しても良いし、研磨液に応じて水溶性の潤滑剤や油性の潤滑剤など、あるいは研磨砥粒の混合比の低い研磨液などを供給しても良いが、コストが低く研磨加工後におけるワークWの洗浄が容易となるので、研磨液供給器11から水溶性の研磨液を供給し、潤滑剤供給器12から市水を供給する方が望ましい。
【0040】
上記の状態で研磨が行われると、上定盤5、下定盤2上の研磨砥粒Sの量が徐々に減少して研磨加工レートが低下してくる。経験的に求められた所定時間経過すると所望の研磨加工レートとなるので、該研磨加工レート以下で適当な時間研磨加工が行われた後装置が停止され、所望の表面粗さのガラス基板が完成される。
【0041】
以上の加工手順をフローチャートにまとめると図5の(a)に示すようになる。またワークWにかかる面圧を上定盤5の加圧力によって制御して研磨加工レートを下げる場合には(b)に示すように、ワークWは、下定盤2上にキャリア4によって位置決めされ、上方から上定盤5を介してエアシリンダ(図示せず)によって所定の加圧力で加圧される。次に研磨液供給器11によって所定の時間間隔で研磨液を供給しながら上定盤5、下定盤2及びキャリア4を所定の回転数で回転させてワークWの厚みtが所定寸法になるまで研磨が行われる。
【0042】
次にワークWの厚みtが所定の寸法に到達すると、エアシリンダの圧力が減圧され上定盤5の加圧力を弱くすることによって所望の研磨加工レートまで低下させて引き続き研磨が行われ、所望の表面粗さのガラス基板が完成される。
【0043】
また、(c)に示すように面圧と砥粒濃度との両方によって研磨加工レートを制御することもできる。(c)によると、ワークWは、下定盤2上にキャリア4によって位置決めされ、上方から上定盤5を介してエアシリンダ(図示せず)によって所定の加圧力で加圧される。次に研磨液供給器11によって所定の時間間隔で研磨液を供給しながら上定盤5、下定盤2及びキャリア4を所定の回転数で回転させてワークWの厚みtが所定寸法になるまで研磨加工が行われる。
【0044】
次にワークWの厚みtが所定の寸法に到達すると、研磨液供給器11からの研磨液の供給が停止されるとともにエアシリンダの圧力が減圧され、潤滑剤供給器12から市水が所定時間間隔で供給されて引き続き研磨が行われる。この時循環器10は、排水するように切り換えられる。
【0045】
上記の状態で研磨加工が行われると、上定盤5、下定盤2上の研磨砥粒Sの量の減少と、面圧の低下によって研磨加工レートが低下し、所定時間研磨加工が行われた後装置が停止され、所望の表面粗さのガラス基板が完成されることになる。
【0046】
また、上定盤5、下定盤2、ワークWの回転数をそれぞれ変化させ、研磨加工レートを低下させる際においても上定盤5の加圧力や研磨定盤上の砥粒量を変化させるようにすることも可能である。
【0047】
また、本実施形態においては上定盤5と下定盤2とを用いた両面研磨装置について説明したが、下定盤2のみを有し、装置と一体となった加圧機構あるいは装置とは別の加圧機構によって加圧を行うような片面研磨装置についても同様に研磨加工レートを低下させることによって所望の表面粗さを得ることが可能である。
【0048】
【発明の効果】
発明によると、被加工物を所定の外形寸法まで研磨加工した後、同一の研磨装置および同一の研磨砥粒を用いて被加工物の研磨加工レートを所定値まで低下させて最終仕上げ加工が行われるため、所望の表面粗さに安定して仕上げることできるとともに、研磨砥粒の交換を必要としないため作業の簡素化による工数削減と稼働率向上を図ることができる。また、粗研磨加工時と仕上げ研磨加工時との表面粗さの差を大きくしても不具合がないので、粗研磨加工時と仕上げ研磨加工時との研磨加工レートの比を60%以下とすることで、従来よりも加工工数を削減することができるようになる。
【0050】
発明によると、研磨定盤上の研磨砥粒の量を低下させることによって簡単に被加工物の研磨加工レートを低下させることができ、被加工物を所望の表面粗さに仕上げることができるようになる。
【0051】
発明によると、被加工物の加圧力を低下させることによって簡単に被加工物の研磨加工レートを低下させることができ、被加工物を所望の表面粗さに仕上げることができるようになる。
【0052】
発明によると、研磨定盤または被加工物の回転数を変化させて研磨定盤と被加工物との相対速度を低下させることによって、簡単に被加工物の研磨加工レートを低下させることができ、被加工物を所望の表面粗さに仕上げることができるようになる。
【0053】
発明によると、第1の研磨液が第1の研磨液供給器から回転する研磨定盤上に供給されて、被加工物が所定の外形寸法まで仕上げられた後、研磨砥粒の濃度が低いかあるいは研磨砥粒を含まない第2の研磨液が第2の研磨液供給器から研磨定盤上に供給されて研磨定盤上の研磨砥粒の量を低下させることにより、第1の研磨液の研磨砥粒と第2の研磨液の研磨砥粒を変更することなく、被加工物の研磨加工レートを低下させて最終仕上げ加工が行われ、使用者の作業工数を増大させずに簡単に被加工物を所望の表面粗さに仕上げることが可能となる。また、加工当初研磨加工レートを高くできるので研磨加工時間が長くならずに仕上げることができる。さらに、粗研磨加工時と仕上げ研磨加工時との表面粗さの差を大きくしても不具合がないので、粗研磨加工時と仕上げ研磨加工時との研磨加工レートの比を60%以下とすることで、従来よりも加工工数を削減することができるようになる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 従来の研磨装置を示す図である。
【図2】 砥粒濃度及び面圧と研磨加工レートとの関係を示す図である。
【図3】 研磨加工レートと表面粗さとの関係を示す図である。
【図4】 本発明にかかる研磨装置を示す図である。
【図5】 本発明にかかる研磨装置による研磨方法のフローチャートを示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 研磨装置
2 下定盤
5 上定盤
11 研磨液供給器
12 潤滑剤供給器
S 研磨砥粒
W ワーク
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a polishing method and a polishing apparatus using a polishing surface plate, and more particularly, to a polishing method and a polishing apparatus in performing surface finishing of a glass substrate used for a hard disk.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Hard disk drive devices, which are external storage devices of computers, have been recorded with high density year by year, and accordingly, the attitude of the magnetic head that is in proximity to the hard disk that is the storage medium when driven, and the magnetic domain of the magnetic layer in the hard disk In order to make the structure uniform, a hard disk substrate is required to have a smaller surface roughness. The hard disk substrate is replaced by an aluminum substrate, and a glass substrate that can obtain a relatively small surface roughness is used. However, since the required accuracy becomes more severe, the hard disk glass substrate can be easily satisfied. There is an urgent need to establish a polishing method that can be polished smoothly.
[0003]
A conventional method for polishing a glass substrate for hard disk will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 1, a polishing apparatus 1 has a work W whose position is regulated by a carrier 4 placed on a rotatable lower surface plate 2, and the carrier 4 has a gear portion (not shown) on its outer periphery. The work W is rotated by meshing with a gear portion (not shown) formed on the inner periphery of the possible guide member 3.
[0004]
The workpiece W is pressurized from above by the upper surface plate 5, and the upper surface plate 5 and the lower surface plate 2 usually rotate in different directions, and the workpiece W is polished through the abrasive grains S. It is like that. The abrasive grains S are made of diamond, alumina, silicon dioxide, cerium oxide, etc., and are polished at a predetermined time interval by the polishing liquid supplier 11 as a polishing liquid mixed with water, a water-soluble lubricant, an oil-based lubricant, or the like. The polishing liquid supplied and used in a fixed amount is returned to the polishing liquid supplier 11 by the circulator 10 and is filtered and reused.
[0005]
Further, the upper surface plate 5 and the lower surface plate 2 are formed of materials such as tin, copper, cast iron and sheet-like resin or fiber, and the type and type of polishing liquid are determined by the work W to be polished. Is done.
[0006]
When the workpiece W is polished by such a polishing apparatus 1, a rough polishing process is usually performed by the abrasive grains S having a large abrasive particle diameter to obtain a high polishing rate in order to shorten the processing time, When the workpiece W reaches a predetermined thickness t, it is replaced with a polishing abrasive grain S having a small abrasive grain size, and finish polishing is performed to reduce the surface roughness.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in order to replace the polishing abrasive grains S in the polishing apparatus 1 as described above, in order to remove the polishing abrasive grains S used during the rough polishing process, on the polishing platen (2, 5) or the polishing liquid feeder 11 requires a very complicated operation such as cleaning the inside of the pipe from the polishing apparatus 1 to the polishing apparatus 1, and since the polishing apparatus 1 is stopped during the operation, the overall polishing processing time is not shortened and the polishing apparatus 1 is operated. The rate declined.
[0008]
It is also conceivable to use a different device during the final polishing process than the rough polishing process, but the flatness of the polishing platen in the final polishing process is the same as the flatness of the polishing platen used in the rough polishing process. Therefore, only part of the workpiece is initially polished and it takes time until the entire surface of the workpiece is finish-polished, or it cannot be detected that the entire surface of the workpiece has not been finished and polished. However, it is desirable to perform the final polishing process with the same polishing apparatus because a glass substrate having a plurality of surfaces is produced.
[0009]
Further, since the surface roughness of the surface polished by the polishing abrasive grain S having a large abrasive grain size during the rough polishing process is large, the abrasive grains having a small abrasive grain diameter during the finish polishing process on the unevenness of the surface of the workpiece W Since the surface of the workpiece W is hard to be polished, the surface unevenness is not removed, and the polishing abrasive grains S embedded after the work W is washed after the polishing process is removed, leaving unevenness on the surface, In some cases, the desired surface roughness could not be obtained.
[0010]
The present invention does not require a complicated operation of exchanging polishing abrasive grains in polishing processing of a glass substrate or the like, and can easily satisfy the required accuracy of surface roughness with the same polishing apparatus and the same polishing abrasive grains. An object of the present invention is to provide a polishing method and a polishing apparatus capable of reducing the polishing processing time and improving the operating rate of the polishing apparatus.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a workpiece is pressed against and contacted with a polishing surface plate, and the polishing surface plate and the workpiece slide while interposing abrasive grains. In the polishing method in which the contact surface with the polishing surface plate is polished, a first step in which polishing is performed at a first polishing processing rate, and the first polishing without changing the polishing abrasive grains. And a second step in which polishing is performed at a second polishing rate lower than the processing rate , and the second polishing rate is 60% or less of the first polishing rate . .
[0012]
According to this configuration, after the workpiece is roughly polished to a predetermined outer dimension, the polishing rate of the workpiece is reduced without changing the abrasive grains, and finish polishing is performed. It will be finished to the desired surface roughness. There is a correlation between the polishing rate and the surface roughness. When the polishing rate is low, the surface roughness is small. Since the polishing rate corresponding to the desired surface roughness varies depending on the workpiece, it is experimentally determined in advance according to the workpiece. In addition, after the workpiece is roughly polished to a predetermined external dimension, the polishing rate of the workpiece is reduced to 60% or less of that during rough polishing, and final finishing is performed. It will be finished to surface roughness.
[0015]
In the present invention, the polishing rate is adjusted by the amount of the abrasive grains on the polishing surface plate.
[0016]
According to this configuration, after the workpiece is roughly polished to a predetermined external dimension, the polishing abrasive grains on the polishing surface plate are supplied by a method such as supplying a polishing liquid having a low concentration of polishing abrasive grains onto the polishing surface plate. By reducing the amount, the polishing rate of the workpiece is lowered and the finish polishing is performed, and the workpiece is finished to a desired surface roughness. There is a correlation between the polishing rate and the surface roughness. When the polishing rate is low, the surface roughness is small. Since the polishing rate corresponding to the desired surface roughness varies depending on the workpiece, it is experimentally determined in advance according to the workpiece.
[0017]
In the present invention, the polishing rate is adjusted by a pressing force that presses the workpiece.
[0018]
According to this configuration, after the workpiece is roughly polished to a predetermined outer dimension, the pressing force that presses the workpiece is reduced to reduce the polishing rate of the workpiece, thereby performing the finish polishing. As a result, the workpiece is finished to a desired surface roughness. There is a correlation between the polishing rate and the surface roughness. When the polishing rate is low, the surface roughness is small. Since the polishing rate corresponding to the desired surface roughness varies depending on the workpiece, it is experimentally determined in advance according to the workpiece.
[0019]
In the present invention, the polishing rate is adjusted by the number of rotations of the polishing platen and the number of rotations of the workpiece.
[0020]
According to this configuration, after the workpiece is roughly polished to a predetermined outer dimension, the rotation speed of the polishing platen and the rotation speed of the workpiece are changed, thereby reducing the polishing rate of the workpiece. A finish polishing process is performed, and the workpiece is finished to a desired surface roughness. There is a correlation between the polishing rate and the surface roughness. When the polishing rate is low, the surface roughness is small. Since the polishing rate corresponding to the desired surface roughness varies depending on the workpiece, it is experimentally determined in advance according to the workpiece.
[0021]
In addition, the present invention provides a driving mechanism unit for driving a polishing surface plate, a workpiece holding means for preventing the workpiece from falling off from the polishing surface plate, and a first polishing liquid containing polishing abrasive grains. On the polishing surface plate, and a first polishing liquid supplier for supplying a second polishing liquid having a lower concentration of abrasive grains than the first polishing liquid or containing no abrasive grains on the polishing surface plate. A second polishing liquid supplier for supplying to the substrate, and the polishing platen and the workpiece slide to perform polishing of the contact surface of the workpiece with the polishing platen In addition, the polishing process is performed while a predetermined amount of the first polishing liquid is supplied by the first polishing liquid supplier onto the rotating polishing platen, and the first polishing liquid is supplied at a predetermined time. It said first polished while the second polishing liquid of a predetermined amount is supplied but by the second polishing liquid supply device are stopped Without changing the abrasive grains with abrasive grains of the second polishing liquid, the polishing is performed, polishing rate by the second polishing liquid, polishing rate by the first polishing liquid that has become a 60% or less.
[0022]
According to this configuration, the first polishing liquid is supplied from the first polishing liquid supplier onto the rotating polishing platen, and the workpiece placed on the polishing platen and the polishing platen by the workpiece holding means. Are slid while interposing the abrasive grains contained in the first polishing liquid, and the workpiece is roughly polished to a predetermined outer dimension, and then the concentration of the abrasive grains is low or the abrasive grains are The second polishing liquid not included is supplied from the second polishing liquid supplier onto the polishing surface plate to reduce the amount of polishing abrasive grains on the polishing surface plate, thereby reducing the polishing particles of the first polishing liquid and Without changing the abrasive grains of the second polishing liquid, the polishing process rate of the workpiece is lowered and the finish polishing process is performed. In addition, after the workpiece is roughly polished to a predetermined external dimension, the polishing rate of the workpiece is reduced to 60% or less of that during rough polishing, and final finishing is performed. It will be finished to surface roughness.
[0023]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(A) and (b) of FIG. 2 show the pressure applied to the workpiece (hereinafter referred to as “abrasive concentration”) and the pressure applied to the workpiece (hereinafter referred to as “abrasive concentration”) using a cerium oxide abrasive on the glass substrate. , “Surface pressure”) as a parameter. In the figure, the horizontal axis represents the abrasive grain concentration and the surface pressure, and the vertical axis represents the polishing rate.
[0024]
In (a) the surface pressure is 200 g / cm 2 and in (b) the abrasive concentration is 20%. The abrasive concentration is represented by the ratio of the weight of the abrasive grains to the weight of the entire polishing liquid, and the polishing rate indicates the amount of thickness reduction per unit time of the workpiece to be polished, and is expressed in units of μm / min. It is represented by
[0025]
Moreover, cerium oxide was used for the abrasive grains, and a polishing surface plate was used by attaching a polyurethane sheet on a cast iron board. The upper platen and lower platen have a diameter of 1500 mm, and the upper platen, the lower platen, and the carrier holding the workpiece have rotation speeds of 20 rpm, 60 rpm (reverse to the upper platen), and 20 rpm (reverse to the upper platen), respectively. is there.
[0026]
According to the figure, when the abrasive concentration is low, the polishing rate increases as the abrasive concentration increases, and when the abrasive concentration exceeds a certain value, the polishing rate is saturated. It can also be seen that the polishing rate increases as the surface pressure increases, and the polishing rate can be controlled by the abrasive grain concentration and the surface pressure.
[0027]
FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the polishing rate and the surface roughness of the workpiece under the processing conditions shown in FIG. 2 and other processing conditions. In the figure, the horizontal axis represents the polishing rate, the vertical axis represents the surface roughness, the surface roughness is represented by the center line average roughness Ra, and the unit is angstrom.
[0028]
According to this figure, it can be seen that there is a correlation between the polishing rate and the surface roughness of the workpiece, which vary depending on the surface pressure and abrasive concentration. When the required surface roughness Ra is 8 angstroms or less, for example, the required accuracy can be substantially satisfied by setting the polishing rate to 0.3 μm / min or less.
[0029]
Since the surface roughness of the workpiece has a correlation with the polishing processing rate in this way, the desired surface can be obtained by setting the abrasive concentration or surface pressure to obtain the polishing processing rate according to the required surface roughness. It is possible to obtain roughness, and finish polishing can be performed without requiring complicated operations such as replacement of polishing abrasive grains.
[0030]
Further, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), a steady state where the polishing rate is stable when the abrasive concentration is about 10% or more, and it is usually used in this steady state range. Conventionally, when the required accuracy of the surface roughness Ra is 8 angstroms or less, the rough polishing process and the final polishing process are performed with the abrasive grain size 1.23 and 0.65 μm, the surface pressure 200 g / cm 2 , and the abrasive grain concentration. The processing is performed at 20%, and according to the figure, the polishing processing rates are about 0.5 and 0.3 μm / min, respectively.
[0031]
The processing conditions at the time of final polishing are determined by the required accuracy of the surface roughness, and if the surface roughness after rough polishing is large, the abrasive grains at the time of final polishing will be uneven on the surface of the workpiece as described above. In consideration of an increase in the occurrence rate of the phenomenon of burying, the processing conditions at the time of rough polishing are determined so as to obtain an appropriate polishing processing rate.
[0032]
According to the present invention, since the abrasive grain size of the abrasive grains is the same during the rough polishing process and during the final polishing process, a phenomenon occurs in which the abrasive grains are buried in the irregularities on the surface of the workpiece during the final polishing process. do not do. Therefore, it is possible to increase the polishing rate at the time of rough polishing, and the ratio of the polishing rate between the conventional rough polishing and the final polishing is about 60% as shown in FIG. Therefore, if the processing conditions at the time of rough polishing are set so that the ratio of the polishing processing rate is 60% or less, the number of processing steps can be reduced as compared with the prior art.
[0033]
The same effect can be expected by controlling the polishing rate by changing not only the abrasive concentration and surface pressure, but also the polishing platen and the rotational speed of the workpiece to change the relative speed between the abrasive and the workpiece. can do.
[0034]
Since the data shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are obtained when the glass substrate for hard disk is polished under the above-described processing conditions, the absolute values of other materials are predicted to be different. The required surface roughness can be obtained by experimentally determining the polishing rate according to the material.
[0035]
Changing the surface pressure, the workpiece, and the number of rotations of the polishing surface plate is performed by setting the polishing rate to a high condition at the beginning of processing by the polishing apparatus 1 shown in FIG. It is possible to lower the polishing rate by automatically changing the applied pressure or rotation speed with a switch or the like when it reaches the specified size, but when lowering the abrasive concentration by lowering the abrasive concentration This requires an operation for replacing the polishing liquid attached to the polishing liquid supply device 11 with a polishing liquid having a low abrasive concentration, which increases the number of work steps.
[0036]
FIG. 4 shows a polishing apparatus that simply reduces the abrasive concentration. The polishing apparatus 1 is provided with a lubricant supplier 12 as compared with the apparatus shown in FIG. In the figure, the same members as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
[0037]
A polishing method using the polishing apparatus 1 will be described below. The workpiece W is positioned on the lower surface plate 2 by the carrier 4 and is pressed with a predetermined pressure by the upper surface plate 5 from above. Next, the upper surface plate 5, the lower surface plate 2 and the carrier 4 are rotated at a predetermined rotation speed while supplying the polishing liquid at predetermined time intervals by the polishing liquid supply device 11 until the thickness t of the workpiece W reaches a predetermined dimension. Polishing is performed. The thickness t of the workpiece W may be controlled by the polishing time or by a sizing device (not shown).
[0038]
Next, when the thickness t of the workpiece W reaches a predetermined dimension, the supply of the polishing liquid from the polishing liquid supply unit 11 is stopped, and city water is supplied from the lubricant supply unit 12 at predetermined time intervals to continue polishing. Is called. At this time, the circulator 10 is switched to drain.
[0039]
The city water supplied by the lubricant supplier 12 may be supplied with pure water, or in accordance with the polishing liquid, a water-soluble lubricant or an oil-based lubricant, or polishing with a low mixing ratio of abrasive grains. Although the liquid may be supplied, since the cost is low and the workpiece W can be easily cleaned after the polishing process, a water-soluble polishing liquid is supplied from the polishing liquid supplier 11 and the city water is supplied from the lubricant supplier 12. It is better to supply
[0040]
When polishing is performed in the above state, the amount of polishing abrasive grains S on the upper surface plate 5 and the lower surface plate 2 is gradually reduced, and the polishing processing rate is decreased. Since a desired polishing processing rate is obtained after a predetermined time determined empirically, the apparatus is stopped after polishing for an appropriate time below the polishing processing rate, and a glass substrate having a desired surface roughness is completed. Is done.
[0041]
The above processing procedure is summarized in a flowchart as shown in FIG. When the surface pressure applied to the workpiece W is controlled by the pressure applied by the upper surface plate 5 to lower the polishing rate, the workpiece W is positioned on the lower surface plate 2 by the carrier 4 as shown in FIG. It is pressurized from above with a predetermined pressure by an air cylinder (not shown) through the upper surface plate 5. Next, the upper surface plate 5, the lower surface plate 2 and the carrier 4 are rotated at a predetermined rotation speed while supplying the polishing liquid at predetermined time intervals by the polishing liquid supply device 11 until the thickness t of the workpiece W reaches a predetermined dimension. Polishing is performed.
[0042]
Next, when the thickness t of the workpiece W reaches a predetermined dimension, the pressure of the air cylinder is reduced and the pressure applied to the upper surface plate 5 is weakened to reduce the pressure to the desired polishing processing rate. A glass substrate with a surface roughness of is completed.
[0043]
Further, as shown in (c), the polishing rate can be controlled by both the surface pressure and the abrasive concentration. According to (c), the workpiece W is positioned on the lower surface plate 2 by the carrier 4 and is pressurized from above by an air cylinder (not shown) through the upper surface plate 5 with a predetermined pressure. Next, the upper surface plate 5, the lower surface plate 2 and the carrier 4 are rotated at a predetermined rotation speed while supplying the polishing liquid at predetermined time intervals by the polishing liquid supply device 11 until the thickness t of the workpiece W reaches a predetermined dimension. Polishing is performed.
[0044]
Next, when the thickness t of the workpiece W reaches a predetermined dimension, the supply of the polishing liquid from the polishing liquid supply unit 11 is stopped, the pressure of the air cylinder is reduced, and the city water is supplied from the lubricant supply unit 12 for a predetermined time. It is supplied at intervals and polishing is continued. At this time, the circulator 10 is switched to drain.
[0045]
When the polishing process is performed in the above state, the polishing process rate is lowered due to a decrease in the amount of polishing abrasive grains S on the upper surface plate 5 and the lower surface plate 2 and a decrease in surface pressure, and the polishing process is performed for a predetermined time. After that, the apparatus is stopped, and a glass substrate having a desired surface roughness is completed.
[0046]
Further, when the rotational speed of the upper surface plate 5, the lower surface plate 2, and the workpiece W is changed to reduce the polishing rate, the pressure applied to the upper surface plate 5 and the amount of abrasive grains on the polishing surface plate are changed. It is also possible to make it.
[0047]
In the present embodiment, the double-side polishing apparatus using the upper surface plate 5 and the lower surface plate 2 has been described. Also for a single-side polishing apparatus in which pressurization is performed by a pressurization mechanism, it is possible to obtain a desired surface roughness by reducing the polishing processing rate.
[0048]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, after the workpiece is polished to a predetermined outer dimension, the final polishing is performed by reducing the polishing rate of the workpiece to a predetermined value using the same polishing apparatus and the same abrasive grains. As a result, it is possible to stably finish the surface with a desired surface roughness, and it is not necessary to replace the abrasive grains, so that man-hours can be reduced and the operating rate can be improved by simplifying the work. Further, since there is no problem even if the difference in surface roughness between the rough polishing process and the final polishing process is increased, the ratio of the polishing process rate between the rough polishing process and the final polishing process is set to 60% or less. As a result, the number of processing steps can be reduced as compared with the conventional case.
[0050]
According to the present invention, the polishing rate of a workpiece can be easily reduced by reducing the amount of abrasive grains on the polishing surface plate, and the workpiece can be finished to a desired surface roughness. It becomes like this.
[0051]
According to the present invention, it is possible to easily reduce the polishing rate of a workpiece by reducing the pressure applied to the workpiece, and to finish the workpiece to a desired surface roughness.
[0052]
According to the present invention, it is possible to easily reduce the polishing rate of the workpiece by changing the rotational speed of the polishing platen or the workpiece to reduce the relative speed between the polishing platen and the workpiece. And the workpiece can be finished to a desired surface roughness.
[0053]
According to the present invention, after the first polishing liquid is supplied from the first polishing liquid feeder onto the rotating polishing platen and the work piece is finished to a predetermined outer dimension, the concentration of the polishing abrasive grains is increased. by lowering the low or the amount of the abrasive grains of the second polishing liquid supplied to a polishing platen a polishing surface plate from the second polishing liquid supply unit which does not contain abrasive grains, a first Without changing the polishing abrasive grains of the polishing liquid and the polishing abrasive grains of the second polishing liquid, the final finishing process is performed by reducing the polishing rate of the work piece without increasing the man-hours for the user. It is possible to easily finish the workpiece to a desired surface roughness. In addition, since the initial polishing rate can be increased, the polishing time can be finished without lengthening. Furthermore, since there is no problem even if the difference in surface roughness between rough polishing and finish polishing is increased, the ratio of the polishing rate between rough polishing and finish polishing is 60% or less. As a result, the number of processing steps can be reduced as compared with the conventional case.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a view showing a conventional polishing apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the abrasive grain concentration and surface pressure and the polishing rate.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between a polishing rate and surface roughness.
FIG. 4 is a view showing a polishing apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a view showing a flowchart of a polishing method by the polishing apparatus according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Polishing apparatus 2 Lower surface plate 5 Upper surface plate 11 Polishing liquid supply device 12 Lubricant supply device S Polishing abrasive grain W Workpiece

Claims (5)

研磨定盤上に被加工物が押圧して当接され、前記研磨定盤と前記被加工物とが研磨砥粒を介在させながら摺動して前記被加工物の前記研磨定盤との当接面が研磨される研磨方法において、第1の研磨加工レートにより研磨加工が行われる第1の工程と、前記研磨砥粒を変更することなく前記第1の研磨加工レートよりも低い第2の研磨加工レートにより研磨加工が行われる第2の工程とを有し、前記第2の研磨加工レートは、前記第1の研磨加工レートの60%以下であることを特徴とする研磨方法。A workpiece is pressed against and brought into contact with a polishing surface plate, and the polishing surface plate and the workpiece slide while interposing abrasive grains to contact the workpiece with the polishing surface plate. In the polishing method in which the contact surface is polished, a first step in which polishing is performed at a first polishing processing rate, and a second step lower than the first polishing processing rate without changing the polishing abrasive grains. a second step of polishing is performed by grinding rate possess, the second polishing rate, polishing method, wherein more than 60% der Rukoto of the first polishing rate. 前記第2の研磨加工レートは、前記研磨定盤上の前記研磨砥粒の量によって調整されることを特徴とする請求項に記載の研磨方法。The polishing method according to claim 1 , wherein the second polishing rate is adjusted by an amount of the abrasive grains on the polishing surface plate. 前記第2の研磨加工レートは、前記被加工物を押圧する押圧力によって調整されることを特徴とする請求項に記載の研磨方法。The polishing method according to claim 1 , wherein the second polishing rate is adjusted by a pressing force that presses the workpiece. 前記第2の研磨加工レートは、前記研磨定盤の回転数及び前記被加工物の回転数によって調整されることを特徴とする請求項に記載の研磨方法。2. The polishing method according to claim 1 , wherein the second polishing rate is adjusted by the number of rotations of the polishing platen and the number of rotations of the workpiece. 研磨定盤を駆動する駆動機構部と、被加工物が前記研磨定盤上から脱落することを防止する被加工物保持手段と、研磨砥粒を含む第1の研磨液を前記研磨定盤上に供給する第1の研磨液供給器と、第1の研磨液より研磨砥粒の濃度が低いかあるいは研磨砥粒を含まない第2の研磨液を前記研磨定盤上に供給する第2の研磨液供給器とを備え、前記研磨定盤と前記被加工物とが摺動して前記被加工物の前記研磨定盤との当接面の研磨加工が行われる際に、回転する前記研磨定盤上に前記第1の研磨液が前記第1の研磨液供給器によって所定量供給されながら前記研磨加工が行われ、所定の時期に前記第1の研磨液の供給が停止されて前記第2の研磨液供給器によって所定量の前記第2の研磨液が供給されながら前記第1の研磨液の研磨砥粒と前記第2の研磨液の研磨砥粒を変更することなく、前記研磨加工が行われ、前記第2の研磨液による研磨加工レートが、前記第1の研磨液による研磨加工レートの60%以下であることを特徴とする研磨装置。A driving mechanism for driving the polishing platen, a workpiece holding means for preventing the workpiece from falling off the polishing platen, and a first polishing liquid containing abrasive grains on the polishing platen A first polishing liquid supplier for supplying to the second polishing liquid, and a second polishing liquid for supplying a second polishing liquid having a lower concentration of abrasive grains than the first polishing liquid or containing no abrasive grains onto the polishing surface plate. A polishing liquid supply device that rotates when the polishing surface of the workpiece contacts the polishing platen by sliding between the polishing platen and the workpiece. The polishing process is performed while a predetermined amount of the first polishing liquid is supplied onto the surface plate by the first polishing liquid supplier, and the supply of the first polishing liquid is stopped at a predetermined time and the first polishing liquid is stopped. 2 of the polishing liquid supply by the polishing abrasive grains and before the first polishing liquid while the second polishing liquid of a predetermined amount is supplied Without changing the abrasive grains of the second polishing liquid, the polishing is performed, the second polishing rate with the polishing liquid is 60% or less der of the first polishing rate with the polishing liquid A polishing apparatus.
JP2321398A 1997-11-27 1998-02-04 Polishing method and polishing apparatus Expired - Lifetime JP3671649B2 (en)

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