JP3672080B2 - Method for producing photoelectron emitting material - Google Patents
Method for producing photoelectron emitting material Download PDFInfo
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- JP3672080B2 JP3672080B2 JP2000127072A JP2000127072A JP3672080B2 JP 3672080 B2 JP3672080 B2 JP 3672080B2 JP 2000127072 A JP2000127072 A JP 2000127072A JP 2000127072 A JP2000127072 A JP 2000127072A JP 3672080 B2 JP3672080 B2 JP 3672080B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、光電子放出材に係り、特に、負イオンを長期間放出できる光電子放出材の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来技術として、光電子放出材を用いる空間の清浄化について説明する。
光電子放出材に、紫外線を照射することにより発生する光電子による空間の清浄化については、本発明者らの多数の提案や研究論文がある。例えば、(1)空間清浄化に関するものでは、特公平3−5859号、特公平6−34941号、特公平6−74909号、特公平6−74710号、特公平8−211号各公報参照、(2)光電子放出材に関するものでは、特公平6−74908号、特公平7−93098号、特開平3−108698号各公報参照、(3)研究論文では、(a)Proceedings of the 8th World Clean Air Congress.1989.Vol.3.Hague p735〜740(1989)、(b)エアロゾル研究、第7巻、第3号、p245〜247(1992)、(c)エアロゾル研究、第8巻、第3号,p239〜248(1993)、同第8巻、第4号、p315〜324(1993)、などがある。
【0003】
従来の光電子放出材は、一種類のバルク状(塊まり状)の材料か、又はバルク状の材料に光電子放出性物質を薄膜状に付加した材料、例えば、紫外線透過性物質であるガラス板に光電子放出性物質を薄膜状に付加した材料を用いていた。他の例として、板状Cu−Znに光電子放出性物質を薄膜状に付加した材料がある。この様な、光電子放出材の場合、利用分野、装置、要求性能によっては改善の余地があった。
従来の空間の清浄化を、半導体工場における空間清浄を例に、図2を用いて説明する。図2は、クラス1,000のクリーンルームの半導体工場における空気清浄装置を示している。空気清浄装置は、クラス1,000のクリーンルームの微粒子(粒子状物質)除去のために、ユースポイントに設置されている。すなわち、クリーンルーム中には、汚染物質として微粒子やガス状物が存在するが、該装置により微粒子を除去し、清浄空気として、該清浄空気を半導体装置及びその周辺へ供給し、清浄な環境を保っている。
【0004】
空気清浄装置は、主に、紫外線ランプ1、紫外線照射用窓ガラス2、光電子放出材3、電場設定のための電極4、荷電微粒子捕集材5、により構成されている。クリーンールーム中の微粒子を含有する空気6が空気清浄装置に入ると、空気6中の微粒子は、紫外線照射を受けた光電子放出材3から放出される光電子7により荷電され、荷電微粒子となり、後流の荷電微粒子捕集材5にて捕集され、出口では清浄空気8となる。ところで、上記の様に、光電子放出材3を長時間にわたり用いた場合、該光電子放出材3は、クリーンルーム空気中の汚染物質に汚染されたり、表面が酸化されて、光電子放出性能の劣化をもたらす(例えば、炭化水素のような吸着され易い物質が表面に吸着してしまう)。特に、半導体工場では、クリーンルーム空気中のガス状汚染物質としての炭化水素(H.C)濃度は外気濃度よりも高く、汚染をもたらす。
本発明者らは、これまでに光電子放出材の開発を行い提案してきた(例えば、特開平9−294919号公報)。しかし、さらに高性能な光電子放出材が得られれば、図2に示す空気清浄装置の小型化が可能であり、更には、光電子放出材を用いる利用分野(用途)が広がる等の実用上のメリットは大きい。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記した事実に鑑み、光電子放出材の長期間の安定性、及び高い光電子放出性能を達成できる光電子放出材の製造方法を提供することを課題とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、本発明では、電気伝導性固体に光触媒を付加した基材の表面全体に、光電子放出性物質を配備した光電子放出材の製造方法において、前記基材表面に配備する光電子放出性物質を、1nm〜200nmの範囲で、前記基材に付加した光触媒の活性に対応して、最適厚さに設定して配備することとしたものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、次の(1)〜(5)の知見に基づいてなされたものである。
(1)一般に、光電子放出性物質を基材(母材)表面に厚く配備するほど、厚さが不均一になり比表面積が増加し、表面の欠陥(電子の状態が不安定なため紫外線により容易に光電子を放出可能)が増加する。このため、光電子放出材は、光電子放出性物質の厚さが増すほど、高い光電子放出性能を示す。
(2)光電子放出材からの光電子の発生は、電場下で効果的に起こるが、長時間の使用によりその環境の影響を受け、性能が低下する。これは、光電子放出材の使用環境における有機物(H.C)が表面に付着することにより、引き起こされる原因による。
【0008】
(3)前記(2)のような有機物は、紫外線照射された光触媒により分解・除去される。
(4)光電子放出性物質を、光触媒を付加した基材表面に厚く配備するほど、基材表面から遠くなるため、表面に付着した有機物の分解・除去効果が小さくなり、長時間の使用により性能低下がより大きくなる。
(5)光触媒の活性は、基材表面に付加した光触媒作用を発揮する物質の厚さに依存し、相対的には厚いほど活性が高く、薄いほど活性が低いことが知られている。また、通常、光触媒作用を発揮する物質は、TiO2のような半導体材料が使用される。
【0009】
次に、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明で製造する光電子放出材の一例を、図1に示す。
図1において、光電子放出材3は、電気伝導性固体物質10及び光触媒作用を発揮する物質11からなる基材(母材)9と、該基材9に付着し、紫外線照射により光電子を放出する物質12より構成される。これらの組合せ方の適正条件は、使用条件、目的、用途、経済性、要求性能等からの必要に応じて、適宜予備試験を行い決めることができる。
次に、紫外線照射により光電子を放出する物質について説明する。
紫外線照射により光電子を放出する物質(光電子放出性物質)は、紫外線の照射により光電子を放出するものであれば何れでも良く、光電的な仕事関数が小さなもの程好ましい(特開平9−294919号公報)。
効果や加工性の面から、Au、Ni、Ag、Al、Zn、Snが好ましい。
これらの光電子放出性物質は、本発明の光触媒作用を発揮する母材へ付加して使用できる。付加の方法は、紫外線照射により光電子が放出されれば何れでも良い。
【0010】
該光電子放出性物質の付加の方法は、光触媒を有する材料の表面に周知の方法でコーティング、あるいは付着(付加)させて作ることができる。例えば、イオンプレーティング法、スパッタリング法、蒸着法、CVD法、メッキによる方法、塗布による方法、スタンプ印刷による方法、スクリーン印刷による方法を適宜用いることができる。
また、付加は、薄膜上に付加する方法、網状、線状、粒状、島状、帯状に付加する方法等適宜用いることができる。
基材(母材)の使用形状は、板状、プリーツ状、甲筒状、棒状、線状、網状等があり、表面の形状を適宜凹凸状とし使用することができる。また、凸部の先端を先鋭状あるいは球面状とすることもできる(特公平6−74908号公報)。
これらの最適な形状や、紫外線照射により光電子を放出する材料の種類や付加方法及び薄膜の厚さは、装置の種類、規模、形状、光電子放出材の種類、基材の種類、後述電場の強さ、かけ方、効果、経済性等で適宜予備試験を行い決めることができる。
【0011】
光電子放出材への紫外線の照射による光電子の発生は、光電子放出材と後述の電極間に電場(電界)を形成して行うと、光電子放出材からの光電子放出が効果的に起こる。また、気体の流し方の適性化、例えば光電子放出材を網状とし、光電子放出材に直交して流す方式により効果的に起こる。
紫外線の光源は、水銀灯、水素放電管、キセノン放電管、ライマン放電管などを適宜1種又は2種以上を組合せて利用することができ、適用分野、作業内容、用途、経済性などにより適宜決めることができる。例えば、バイオロジカル分野においては、殺菌作用、効率の面から遠紫外線を有する光源を用いるのが好ましい。
次に、基材(母材)としての電気伝導性固体物質について説明する。該物質は、前記図1の如く基材の一部をなすものであり、電気伝導性を有し、後述の光触媒材料を付加できる材料であれば、何れでも良い。この様な材料として、Al、SUS、Tiがある。
【0012】
次に、光触媒作用を発揮する物質について説明する。
該物質は、紫外線照射により光触媒作用を発揮するものであれば良く、前記電気伝導性物質上に付加して用いる。通常、半導体材料が効果的であり、容易に入手でき、加工性も良いことか好ましい。効果や経済性の面から、Se、Ge、Si、Ti、Zn、Cu、Al、Sn、Ga、In、P、As、Sb、C、Cd、S、Te、Ni、Fe、Co、Ag、Mo、Sr、W、Cr、Ba、Pbのいずれか、又はこれらの化合物、又は合金、又は酸化物が好ましく、これらは単独で、又は2種類以上複合して用いる。例えば、元素としては、Si、Ge、Se、化合物としては、AlP、AlAs、GaP、AlSb、GaAs、InP、GaSb、InAs、InSb、CdS、CdSe、ZnS、MoS2、WTe2、Cr2Te3、MoTe、Cu2S、WS2、酸化物としては、TiO2、Bi2O3、CuO、Cu2O、ZnO、MoO3、InO3、Ag2O、PbO、SrTiO3、BaTiO3、Co3O4、Fe2O3、NiOなどがある。
【0013】
前記電気伝導性固体物質への光触媒の付加は、蒸着法、スパッタリング法、焼結法、ゾル−ゲル法、塗布による方法、焼付け塗装による方法など、周知の付加方法を適宜用いることができる。
また、光触媒材は、イオンプレーティング法、蒸着法、スパッタリング法、TiO3の塗布による方法を用いることができる。さらに、電気伝導性物質としてTiを用い、Tiを焼成することにより、光触媒作用を有する基材を得ることができる。
次に、光触媒活性と光電子放出性能保持率(初期放出性能に対する一定時間後の放出性能比率)の関係について説明する。
光触媒活性は、基材表面に付加した光触媒作用を発揮する物質の厚さに依存し、厚いほど触媒活性が高く、薄いほど触媒活性が低い。通常、光触媒作用を発揮する物質は、半導体材料が使用される。このため、光触媒活性が高い基材は、光触媒活性が低い基材より電気伝導率が低い。
【0014】
光触媒活性をもつ材料を光電子放出材の基材とし、光電子放出性物質を付加して、図2の空気浄化装置の光電子放出材3として使用する場合、その電気伝導性が低いと、光電子を連続して放出中に電子の補充が間に合わず、光電子放出性能が低下する。
即ち、光触媒活性が高いほど電気伝導性が低いため、長期使用では光電子放出性能が低くなる。逆に、光触媒活性が低いほど電気伝導性が高く、長期的光電子放出性能は高くなる。
一方、光電子放出材は、長期間使用すると、使用環境における有機物が表面に付着することにより、光電子放出性能が低下する。そこで、光触媒活性をもつ材料を、光電子放出材の基材に配備し、光電子放出性物質を付加して光電子放出材とすれば、使用環境における有機物を効果的に分解除去できる。また、このような、触媒活性の高い基材を用いれば、使用環境における有機物による光電子放出性能の低下は、防ぐことができる。また、触媒活性の低い基材を用いれば、有機物によって長期的には光電子放出性能が低下する。
【0015】
以上のことから、図3に、基材の光触媒活性と長期的光電子放出性能保持率の関係を示す。長期的な光電子放出性能保持率は、有機物分解による性能低下防止効果と電気伝導率による電子補充効果の双方に依存するため、光電子放出性物質の厚さが一定であれば、ある触媒活性において最大値をもつ。
このため、基材の光触媒の活性に対応して、高い光電子放出性を示す光電子放出性物質の厚さが決まる。
図3において、aは有機物分解効果由来の光電子放出性能保持率、bは電気伝導性由来の光電子放出性能保持率、cは総合的な光電子放出性能保持率を示す。
次に、本発明の特徴である光電子放出性物質の厚さについて説明する。
光電子放出性物質を基材表面に厚く配備するほど厚さが不均一になり、比表面積が増加し、紫外線により容易に光電子を放出する表面の欠陥が増加し、高い光電子放出性能を示す。
しかし、光電子放出材は、長期間の使用により、光電子放出材の使用環境における有機物が表面に付着することにより、光電子放出性能が低下する。
【0016】
このため、光触媒を付加した基材を利用すれば、光電子放出材の性能低下を防げる。しかし、光電子放出性物質を厚く配備すればするほど、基材表面から遠くなるため、有機物の分解除去速度が低下し、長期的には光電子放出性能が低下する。
これらの関係を、図4の光電子放出性能、長期的光電子放出性能保持率と光電子放出材の厚さとの関係概念図に示す。
図4において、aは長期的光電子放出性能保持率、bは光電子放出性能、cは長期的光電子放出性能を示す。
光電子放出性能は、ある光電子放出材の配備厚さにおいて最大値をもつ。光触媒を付加した電気伝導性固体を基材として、その表面に光電子放出性物質を配備する光電子放出材において、通常、光電子放出性物質の厚さは、1nm〜200nmの範囲が好ましい。
【0017】
好適な光電子放出性物質の配備厚さは、用いる基材の触媒活性、本光電子放出材の用途、装置種類、形状、要求性能、経済性等により、適宜予備試験を行い、決めることができる。
具体的には、本発明において光電子放出性物質の膜厚は、次のように決めることができる。
1) 使用目的及び使用条件に応じて必要な光電子放出量を決定する。
2) 事前に図3のCカーブと図4のCカーブを、入手可能な光触媒付き基材毎及び光電子放出性物質毎に、実験的に求めておく。
3) 上記1)において必要な光電子放出量が得られる光触媒付き基材及び光電子放出性物質の膜厚を、上記2)で入手済みの図3、図4のCカーブより選定する。
【0018】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明する。
実施例1
図5に示した構成の清浄化装置付きウエハ保管庫において、本発明で製造した光電子放出材3と電場設定用電極4間に500Vの電圧を印加し、光電子放出材3から発生する光電子放出量を微小電流計15で計測した。
なお、図5の清浄化装置は、主に、紫外線ランプ1、紫外線照射用窓ガラス2、光電子放出材3、遮光材13、反射面14から構成され、電圧印加電源16を微小電流計15に直列に接続した。
光電子放出材3は、下記のように製造した。
基材としての平面状Ti材料に、光触媒であるTiO2をゾル−ゲル法により付加し、さらに500℃で加熱処理を行い、次いで金を蒸着法により10〜180nmの厚さで成膜付加した。
測定条件は、
紫外線ランプ:殺菌ランプ 10W、3本、
荷電微粒子捕集材:1000V
結果を図6に示す。本光電子放出材の最適金膜厚は80nmであった。
【0019】
実施例2
実施例1と同様に、図5に示した構成の清浄化装置付きウエハ保管庫及び試験条件において、光電子放出材の光電子放出量を計測した。
光電子放出材は下記の如く製造した。
基材としての平面状Ti材料に、光触媒であるTiO2を陽極酸化法により付加し、次いで金をスパッタリング法により10〜100nmの厚さで成膜付加した。
結果を図7に−○−で示す。
本光電子放出材の最適金膜厚は20〜60nmであった。
【0020】
比較例1
実施例1と同様に、図5に示した構成の清浄化装置付きウエハ保管庫及び試験条件において、光電子放出材の光電子放出量を計測した。
光電子放出材は下記の如く製造した。
基材としての平面状Ti材料に、金をスパッタリング法により10〜180nmの厚さで成膜付加した。
結果を図7に…×…で示す。
【0021】
実施例3
実施例1と同様に、図5に示した構成の清浄化装置付きウエハ保管庫及び試験条件において、光電子放出材の光電子放出量を計測した。
光電子放出材は、下記の如く製造した。
基材としての平面状Ti材料に、光触媒であるTiO2を陽極酸化法により付加し、次いで金をスパッタリング法により30nmの厚さで成膜付加した。
結果を図8に−○−で示す。
【0022】
比較例2
実施例3と同一の試験方法・試験条件において、下記光電子放出材の光電子放出量を長時間計測した。基材としての平面状Ti材料に、金をスパッタリング法により30nmの厚さで成膜付加した。
結果を図8に…×…で示す。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、次のような効果を奏することができた。
1) 光電子放出材における光電子放出性物質の厚さを適正化することにより、光電子放出の効果が向上し、負イオンの発生が効果的になった。
2) 1)より光電子放出材の光電子放出効果が向上し、よりコンパクトな負イオン利用(装置、設計)が可能になった。
これにより、下記負イオンの利用分野の実用性が向上した。
(1) 負イオンにより、粒子状物質(微粒子)を荷電し、捕集・除去することによる清浄気体や清浄空間を得る分野、
(2) 人に対する爽快感創出空間、アメニティ空間、
(3) 菌類の増殖防止、例えば食品ケース、
(4) 植物の生育環境、生育ボックス、
(5) 半導体、液晶、精密機械工業における電気的に安定な空間の創出、帯電物体の中和、
(6) 負イオンにより粒子状物質を荷電し、該粒子の分離・分級や表面改質、制御を行う分野、
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明で製造した光電子放出材の一例を示す断面拡大図。
【図2】半導体工場における空気清浄装置の概略構成図。
【図3】光触媒活性と長期的光電子放出性能保持率(相対値)の関係を示すグラフ。
【図4】光電子放出材厚さ(nm)と光電子放出性能(相対値)の関係を示すグラフ。
【図5】本発明で製造した光電子放出材を用いたウエハ保管庫の清浄化装置の概略構成図。
【図6】金の成膜厚さ(nm)と光電子電流(PA/cm2)の関係を示すグラフ。
【図7】金の成膜厚さ(nm)と光電子電流(PA/cm2)の関係を示すグラフ。
【図8】試験時間(時)における光電子電流(PA/cm2)の変化を示すグラフ。
【符号の説明】
1:紫外線ランプ、2:紫外線照射用窓ガラス、3:光電子放出材、4:電場設定用電極、5:荷電微粒子捕集材、6:クリーンルーム内空気、7:光電子、8:清浄空気、9:基材、10:電気伝導性固体物質、11:光触媒、12:光電子放出性物質、13:遮光材、14:反射面、15:微小電流計、16:電圧印加用電源[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a photoelectron emitting material, and more particularly to a method for producing a photoelectron emitting material capable of emitting negative ions for a long period of time.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a conventional technique, the cleaning of a space using a photoelectron emitting material will be described.
There are many proposals and research papers of the present inventors regarding the cleaning of the space by photoelectrons generated by irradiating the photoelectron emitting material with ultraviolet rays. For example, (1) For space cleaning, see Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-5859, Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-34941, Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-74909, Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-74710, Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-211, (2) For photoelectron emitting materials, see Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-74908, Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-93098, and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-108698. (3) In the research paper, (a) Processes of the 8th World Clean Air Congress. 1989.Vol.3.Hague p735-740 (1989), (b) Aerosol research, Vol. 7, No. 3, p245-247 (1992), (c) Aerosol research, Vol. 8, No. 3, p239 248 (1993), Vol. 8, No. 4, p315-324 (1993), and the like.
[0003]
The conventional photoelectron emitting material is a single type of bulk (lumped) material, or a material obtained by adding a photoelectron emitting material in a thin film to a bulk material, for example, a glass plate that is an ultraviolet transmissive material. A material in which a photoelectron emitting substance was added in a thin film was used. As another example, there is a material in which a photoelectron emitting substance is added to a plate-like Cu—Zn in a thin film shape. In the case of such a photoelectron emitting material, there is room for improvement depending on the application field, apparatus, and required performance.
The conventional space cleaning will be described with reference to FIG. 2 by taking a space cleaning in a semiconductor factory as an example. FIG. 2 shows an air cleaning apparatus in a semiconductor factory of a class 1,000 clean room. The air cleaning device is installed at a use point for removing fine particles (particulate matter) in a class 1,000 clean room. That is, fine particles and gaseous substances are present as contaminants in the clean room, but the fine particles are removed by the apparatus, and the clean air is supplied as clean air to the semiconductor device and its surroundings to maintain a clean environment. ing.
[0004]
The air cleaning device mainly includes an
The present inventors have so far developed and proposed a photoelectron emitting material (for example, JP-A-9-294919). However, if a higher-performance photoelectron emitting material is obtained, the air cleaning device shown in FIG. 2 can be reduced in size, and further, the practical advantages such as widening the application field (use) of using the photoelectron emitting material. Is big.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above facts, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a photoelectron emitting material capable of achieving long-term stability of the photoelectron emitting material and high photoelectron emitting performance.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in the present invention, in the method for producing a photoelectron emitting material in which a photoelectron emitting material is provided on the entire surface of a base material obtained by adding a photocatalyst to an electrically conductive solid, the photoelectron emitting material is provided on the surface of the base material. In the range of 1 nm to 200 nm, the photoelectron-emitting substance is set to have an optimum thickness corresponding to the activity of the photocatalyst added to the substrate .
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has been made based on the following findings (1) to (5).
(1) Generally, the more the photoelectron emitting substance is disposed on the surface of the base material (base material), the more uneven the thickness and the specific surface area increase. Can easily emit photoelectrons). For this reason, a photoelectron emission material shows high photoelectron emission performance, so that the thickness of a photoelectron emission substance increases.
(2) Although generation of photoelectrons from the photoelectron emitting material occurs effectively under an electric field, performance is degraded due to the influence of the environment due to long-term use. This is because the organic matter (HC) in the usage environment of the photoelectron emitting material is caused by adhering to the surface.
[0008]
(3) The organic matter as in (2) is decomposed and removed by the photocatalyst irradiated with ultraviolet rays.
(4) The more the photoelectron emitting substance is disposed on the surface of the base material to which the photocatalyst is added, the farther from the surface of the base material, the smaller the effect of decomposing and removing organic substances attached to the surface. The decline is greater.
(5) It is known that the activity of the photocatalyst depends on the thickness of the substance that exerts the photocatalytic action added to the surface of the base material. In general, a semiconductor material such as TiO 2 is used as the substance that exhibits the photocatalytic action.
[0009]
Next, the present invention will be described in detail.
An example of the photoelectron emitting material produced by the present invention is shown in FIG.
In FIG. 1, a
Next, a substance that emits photoelectrons upon ultraviolet irradiation will be described.
Any substance capable of emitting photoelectrons upon irradiation with ultraviolet rays (photoelectron emitting substance) may be used as long as it emits photoelectrons upon irradiation with ultraviolet rays. A substance having a small photoelectric work function is preferable (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-294919). ).
Au, Ni, Ag, Al, Zn, and Sn are preferable from the viewpoints of effects and workability.
These photoelectron emitting substances can be used by adding to the base material exhibiting the photocatalytic action of the present invention. The addition method may be any as long as photoelectrons are emitted by ultraviolet irradiation.
[0010]
The photoelectron emitting substance can be added by coating or adhering (adding) the surface of a material having a photocatalyst by a known method. For example, an ion plating method, a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, a CVD method, a plating method, a coating method, a stamp printing method, and a screen printing method can be used as appropriate.
In addition, addition can be appropriately performed by a method of adding on a thin film, a method of adding to a net, line, grain, island, or band.
The usage shape of the base material (base material) includes a plate shape, a pleat shape, a shell shape, a rod shape, a linear shape, a net shape, and the like, and the surface shape can be appropriately set to be uneven. Also, the tip of the convex portion can be sharp or spherical (Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-74908).
The optimum shape of these materials, the type of materials that emit photoelectrons by ultraviolet irradiation, the method of addition, and the thickness of the thin film are the type of device, scale, shape, type of photoelectron emitting material, type of substrate, and the strength of the electric field described below. In addition, a preliminary test can be appropriately performed and determined in terms of how to apply, how to apply, effect, and economical efficiency.
[0011]
When the photoelectron emission material is generated by irradiating the photoelectron emission material with an ultraviolet ray by forming an electric field (electric field) between the photoelectron emission material and an electrode described later, photoelectron emission from the photoelectron emission material occurs effectively. Further, it is effectively caused by optimizing the flow of gas, for example, a method in which the photoelectron emitting material is made into a net and flows perpendicularly to the photoelectron emitting material.
As the ultraviolet light source, a mercury lamp, a hydrogen discharge tube, a xenon discharge tube, a Lyman discharge tube, or the like can be used as appropriate, or one or a combination of two or more types can be used as appropriate. be able to. For example, in the biological field, it is preferable to use a light source having far ultraviolet rays in terms of bactericidal action and efficiency.
Next, an electrically conductive solid material as a base material (base material) will be described. The substance may be any material as long as it forms part of the substrate as shown in FIG. 1 and has electrical conductivity and can be added with a photocatalytic material described later. Such materials include Al, SUS, and Ti.
[0012]
Next, substances that exhibit photocatalytic action will be described.
The substance is not particularly limited as long as it exhibits a photocatalytic action when irradiated with ultraviolet rays, and is used by being added on the electrically conductive substance. Usually, it is preferable that a semiconductor material is effective, easily available, and has good workability. From the aspect of effect and economy, Se, Ge, Si, Ti, Zn, Cu, Al, Sn, Ga, In, P, As, Sb, C, Cd, S, Te, Ni, Fe, Co, Ag, Any of Mo, Sr, W, Cr, Ba, and Pb, or a compound, alloy, or oxide thereof is preferable. These are used alone or in combination of two or more. For example, as the element, Si, Ge, Se, As the compound, AlP, AlAs, GaP, AlSb , GaAs, InP, GaSb, InAs, InSb, CdS, CdSe, ZnS,
[0013]
For the addition of the photocatalyst to the electrically conductive solid material, a well-known addition method such as a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, a sintering method, a sol-gel method, a coating method, or a baking method can be appropriately used.
As the photocatalyst material, an ion plating method, a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, or a method by applying TiO 3 can be used. Furthermore, the base material which has a photocatalytic action can be obtained by using Ti as an electroconductive substance and baking Ti.
Next, the relationship between the photocatalytic activity and the photoelectron emission performance retention ratio (the ratio of the emission performance after a certain time to the initial emission performance) will be described.
The photocatalytic activity depends on the thickness of a substance exerting a photocatalytic action added to the substrate surface. The thicker the catalytic activity, the lower the catalytic activity. Usually, a semiconductor material is used as a substance that exhibits a photocatalytic action. For this reason, a base material with high photocatalytic activity has a lower electrical conductivity than a base material with low photocatalytic activity.
[0014]
When a material having photocatalytic activity is used as a base material of a photoelectron emission material, and a photoelectron emission material is added to be used as the
That is, the higher the photocatalytic activity is, the lower the electrical conductivity is, so that the photoelectron emission performance is lowered in long-term use. Conversely, the lower the photocatalytic activity, the higher the electrical conductivity and the longer the long-term photoelectron emission performance.
On the other hand, when the photoelectron emitting material is used for a long period of time, the organic matter in the environment of use adheres to the surface, so that the photoelectron emitting performance is lowered. Therefore, by disposing a material having photocatalytic activity on the base material of the photoelectron emitting material and adding a photoelectron emitting material to form a photoelectron emitting material, organic substances in the use environment can be effectively decomposed and removed. Moreover, if such a base material with high catalytic activity is used, the fall of the photoelectron emission performance by the organic substance in a use environment can be prevented. In addition, if a substrate having low catalytic activity is used, the photoelectron emission performance is lowered in the long term by the organic matter.
[0015]
From the above, FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the photocatalytic activity of the substrate and the long-term photoelectron emission performance retention. The long-term retention rate of photoemission performance depends on both the performance degradation prevention effect due to the decomposition of organic matter and the electron replenishment effect due to electrical conductivity. Has a value.
For this reason, the thickness of the photoelectron-emitting substance which shows high photoelectron emission property is decided according to the activity of the photocatalyst of a base material.
In FIG. 3, “a” represents the retention rate of photoelectron emission performance derived from the organic substance decomposition effect, “b” represents the retention rate of photoelectron emission performance derived from electrical conductivity, and “c” represents the overall retention rate of photoelectron emission performance.
Next, the thickness of the photoelectron emitting material that is a feature of the present invention will be described.
The thicker the photoelectron emitting material is disposed on the surface of the substrate, the non-uniform thickness is increased, the specific surface area is increased, and defects on the surface from which photoelectrons are easily emitted by ultraviolet rays are increased, thereby exhibiting high photoelectron emission performance.
However, when the photoelectron emitting material is used for a long time, the organic matter in the environment in which the photoelectron emitting material is used adheres to the surface, so that the photoelectron emitting performance is deteriorated.
[0016]
For this reason, if the base material which added the photocatalyst is utilized, the performance fall of a photoelectron emission material can be prevented. However, the thicker the photoelectron emitting material is, the farther it is from the substrate surface, the lower the rate of decomposition and removal of the organic matter, and the photoelectron emission performance decreases in the long term.
These relationships are shown in the relationship conceptual diagram of the photoelectron emission performance, the long-term photoelectron emission performance retention ratio, and the thickness of the photoelectron emission material in FIG.
In FIG. 4, a represents the long-term photoelectron emission performance retention rate, b represents the photoelectron emission performance, and c represents the long-term photoelectron emission performance.
The photoelectron emission performance has a maximum value at the deployment thickness of a certain photoelectron emission material. In a photoelectron emitting material in which a photoelectron emitting material is provided on the surface of an electrically conductive solid to which a photocatalyst is added, the thickness of the photoelectron emitting material is usually preferably in the range of 1 nm to 200 nm.
[0017]
A suitable deployment thickness of the photoelectron emitting material can be determined by appropriately conducting preliminary tests depending on the catalytic activity of the substrate used, the use of the photoelectron emitting material, the type of device, the shape, the required performance, the economy, and the like.
Specifically, in the present invention, the film thickness of the photoelectron emitting substance can be determined as follows.
1) Determine the amount of photoelectron emission required according to the purpose of use and conditions of use.
2) The C curve in FIG. 3 and the C curve in FIG. 4 are experimentally determined in advance for each available base material with a photocatalyst and each photoelectron emitting substance.
3) The film thickness of the photocatalyst-equipped substrate and the photoelectron-emitting substance from which the necessary amount of photoelectron emission is obtained in 1) above is selected from the C curves in FIGS. 3 and 4 obtained in 2) above.
[0018]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples.
Example 1
In the wafer storage with the cleaning device having the configuration shown in FIG. 5, a voltage of 500 V is applied between the
5 mainly includes an
The
TiO 2 as a photocatalyst was added to a planar Ti material as a base material by a sol-gel method, further heat-treated at 500 ° C., and then gold was deposited to a thickness of 10 to 180 nm by an evaporation method. .
The measurement conditions are
UV lamp:
Charged particulate collection material: 1000V
The results are shown in FIG. The optimum gold film thickness of the photoelectron emitting material was 80 nm.
[0019]
Example 2
Similarly to Example 1, the amount of photoelectron emission of the photoelectron emitting material was measured in the wafer storage with a cleaning device having the configuration shown in FIG.
The photoelectron emitting material was manufactured as follows.
TiO 2 as a photocatalyst was added to the planar Ti material as a base material by an anodic oxidation method, and then gold was deposited in a thickness of 10 to 100 nm by a sputtering method.
A result is shown by-(circle)-in FIG.
The optimum gold film thickness of the photoelectron emitting material was 20 to 60 nm.
[0020]
Comparative Example 1
Similarly to Example 1, the amount of photoelectron emission of the photoelectron emitting material was measured in the wafer storage with a cleaning device having the configuration shown in FIG.
The photoelectron emitting material was manufactured as follows.
Gold was added to the planar Ti material as a base material in a thickness of 10 to 180 nm by a sputtering method.
The results are shown in FIG.
[0021]
Example 3
Similarly to Example 1, the amount of photoelectron emission of the photoelectron emitting material was measured in the wafer storage with a cleaning device having the configuration shown in FIG.
The photoelectron emitting material was manufactured as follows.
TiO 2 as a photocatalyst was added to the planar Ti material as a base material by an anodic oxidation method, and then gold was deposited in a thickness of 30 nm by a sputtering method.
A result is shown by-(circle)-in FIG.
[0022]
Comparative Example 2
Under the same test method and test conditions as in Example 3, the photoelectron emission amount of the following photoelectron emission material was measured for a long time. Gold was deposited in a thickness of 30 nm on a planar Ti material as a substrate by a sputtering method.
The results are shown in FIG.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the following effects could be achieved.
1) By optimizing the thickness of the photoelectron emitting material in the photoelectron emitting material, the effect of photoelectron emission was improved, and the generation of negative ions became effective.
2) From 1), the photoelectron emission effect of the photoelectron emitting material has been improved, and more compact use of negative ions (device, design) has become possible.
As a result, the utility of the following negative ion utilization field was improved.
(1) The field of obtaining clean gas and clean space by charging, collecting and removing particulate matter (fine particles) with negative ions,
(2) Exhilaration creation space for people, amenity space,
(3) Prevention of fungal growth, eg food cases,
(4) Plant growth environment, growth box,
(5) Creation of electrically stable spaces in the semiconductor, liquid crystal and precision machinery industries, neutralization of charged objects,
(6) Fields in which particulate matter is charged with negative ions, and separation / classification, surface modification and control of the particles
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing an example of a photoelectron emitting material manufactured according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of an air cleaning device in a semiconductor factory.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between photocatalytic activity and long-term photoelectron emission performance retention (relative value).
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between photoelectron emission material thickness (nm) and photoelectron emission performance (relative value).
FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a cleaning apparatus for a wafer storage using the photoelectron emitting material manufactured according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between gold film thickness (nm) and photoelectron current (PA / cm 2 ).
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between gold film thickness (nm) and photoelectron current (PA / cm 2 ).
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the change in photoelectron current (PA / cm 2 ) over the test time (hours).
[Explanation of symbols]
1: ultraviolet lamp, 2: ultraviolet irradiation window glass, 3: photoelectron emission material, 4: electric field setting electrode, 5: charged particulate collection material, 6: clean room air, 7: photoelectron, 8: clean air, 9 : Base material, 10: Electrically conductive solid material, 11: Photocatalyst, 12: Photoelectron emitting material, 13: Light shielding material, 14: Reflecting surface, 15: Microammeter, 16: Power supply for voltage application
Claims (1)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000127072A JP3672080B2 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2000-04-27 | Method for producing photoelectron emitting material |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000127072A JP3672080B2 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2000-04-27 | Method for producing photoelectron emitting material |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001300347A JP2001300347A (en) | 2001-10-30 |
| JP2001300347A5 JP2001300347A5 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
| JP3672080B2 true JP3672080B2 (en) | 2005-07-13 |
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| CN100394654C (en) * | 2003-01-16 | 2008-06-11 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Photoelectron emitting plate and negative particle generating device using the same |
| US8058202B2 (en) | 2005-01-04 | 2011-11-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Heterogeneous, composite, carbonaceous catalyst system and methods that use catalytically active gold |
| JP6120330B2 (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2017-04-26 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Visible light responsive composition and photoelectrode, photocatalyst, and photosensor using the same |
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