JP3672832B2 - Ductile cast iron pipe and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Ductile cast iron pipe and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- JP3672832B2 JP3672832B2 JP2001063236A JP2001063236A JP3672832B2 JP 3672832 B2 JP3672832 B2 JP 3672832B2 JP 2001063236 A JP2001063236 A JP 2001063236A JP 2001063236 A JP2001063236 A JP 2001063236A JP 3672832 B2 JP3672832 B2 JP 3672832B2
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- cast iron
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- ductile cast
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- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 46
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009750 centrifugal casting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910017082 Fe-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910017133 Fe—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002551 Fe-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 mill scale Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005997 Calcium carbide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006639 Si—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010006 flight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-[2-[2-[2-[bis[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-bromophenoxy]ethoxy]-4-methyl-n-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]anilino]acetate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(OCCOC=2C(=CC=C(Br)C=2)N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)=C1 CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、不純物成分であるP、Cu、Cr等の含有量が少なく、伸びや衝撃値等の機械的性質に優れたダクタイル鋳鉄管及びその製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ダクタイル鋳鉄管は、鋼材と同等の引張強度を有し、その伸び及び靱性は普通鋳鉄の十数倍に達し、更に、普通鋳鉄と同等の優れた耐食性を有しており、そのため、これらの特性が要求される地中埋設管等のより厳しい環境下での各種配管材として広く利用されている。
【0003】
従来、ダクタイル鋳鉄管は、鉄スクラップを主たる鉄源原料としてキュポラあるいは電気炉により溶解された元湯に金属Mgを黒鉛球状化剤として添加し、質量%でC:3〜4%、Si:1〜3%、Mn:0.2〜0.5%、Mg:0.02〜0.06%、P:0.02〜0.06%、S:0.01%以下を含有し、残部が不可避不純物及びFeからなるダクタイル鋳鉄溶湯を溶製し、これを遠心鋳造設備にて鋳造することによって製造されている。この場合に、黒鉛球状化剤である金属Mg、Si、希土類元素等の添加歩留まりを向上させるため、元湯は黒鉛球状化剤が添加される前に必要に応じて脱硫処理が施されている。
【0004】
ダクタイル鋳鉄管の機械的性質の1つである高い伸び値は、基地をフェライト組織に制御することによって得られるので、鋳造後の冷却過程で生成したセメンタイトをフェライトに分解するため、通常、ダクタイル鋳鉄管は鋳造後に焼鈍炉内で850〜930℃程度の温度で1時間以上保持され、フェライト化焼鈍処理と呼ばれる焼鈍処理が施されている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、鉄スクラップを主たる鉄源原料としてキュポラあるいは電気炉により溶解されたダクタイル鋳鉄溶湯には、鉄スクラップを起源としてCu、Ni、Cr、Mo等の成分が不可避不純物として混入する。これらの成分の内で、Cu及びMoはフェライト化を抑制する元素であり、基地のフェライト化を妨げて伸びを低下させる。又、Crは白銑化促進元素であるため、Cr含有量を低減させることによりセメンタイトの生成を抑制すること、即ちフェライト化を促進させることができる。
【0006】
不可避不純物成分ではないが、Mnはフェライト化を抑制する元素であり、基地をフェライト組織とするためにはMn含有量は低いほど好ましく、基地がフェライト組織であるダクタイル鋳鉄管では、安定して高い伸び値を確保するためにMn含有量は0.3mass%程度以下が良いとされている。しかし、鉄スクラップの中にはMn含有量が1mass%を越える鉄スクラップもあり、このような鉄スクラップが大量に混入した場合には伸び値が低下する。
【0007】
このような問題を防止するため、ダクタイル鋳鉄溶湯の溶製の際には使用する鉄スクラップを厳選しているが、鉄スクラップを使用する限りCu、Ni、Cr、Mn等の混入は避けられず、又、鉄スクラップの厳選により、製造コストの上昇を余儀なくされる。更に、Pは機械試験値の衝撃値を左右する元素として知られており、低減すればするほど好ましいが、ダクタイル鋳鉄溶湯中のP含有量は鉄スクラップのP含有量に左右され、それ以上に低減させることはできない。
【0008】
本発明は上記事情に鑑みなされたもので、その目的とするところは、不純物成分であるP、Cu、Cr等の含有量が少なく、更にMn含有量も低位に制御可能であり、伸び及び衝撃値等の機械的性質に優れたダクタイル鋳鉄管及びその製造方法を提供することである。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明によるダクタイル鋳鉄管は、脱硫処理及び脱燐処理が施された高炉溶銑を遠心鋳造設備にて鋳造して得られたダクタイル鋳鉄管であって、P含有量が0.02mass%以下、S含有量が0.005 mass %以下、Cu含有量が0.03mass%以下、Cr含有量が0.03mass%以下であることを特徴とする。
【0010】
又、本発明によるダクタイル鋳鉄管の製造方法は、高炉から出銑された溶銑に対して脱硫処理及び脱燐処理を施し、次いで、この溶銑にMg、Si、希土類元素のうちの何れか1種以上を含有する黒鉛球状化剤を添加し、その後、この溶銑を遠心鋳造設備にて鋳造して鋳鉄管とすることを特徴とし、更に、鋳造後の鋳鉄管を焼鈍処理すること、及び、溶銑中のP含有量が0.02mass%以下となるまで脱燐処理することが好適である。
【0011】
高炉では純度の高い鉄鉱石をコークスにて還元して溶銑を製造するので、製造される溶銑中のCu、Cr、Ni、Moの含有量は安定して少ない。但し、この溶銑中には、Pがおよそ0.1mass%、Sがおよそ0.03mass%、Tiがおよそ0.1mass%程度含まれており、この溶銑をそのまま用いてダクタイル鋳鉄管を製造した場合には、例えば、P含有量の増大による衝撃値の低下や、黒鉛球状化の阻害元素であるTiにより黒鉛の球状化が阻害され、高品質のダクタイル鋳鉄管を得ることができない。又、高いS含有量により黒鉛球状化剤である金属Mgや希土類元素等の添加歩留まりが低下する。
【0012】
そこで、本発明では高炉から出銑された溶銑に対して脱硫処理並びに脱燐処理を施し、これらの処理が施された溶銑を用いてダクタイル鋳鉄管を製造する。脱硫処理及び脱燐処理により溶銑中のS含有量及びP含有量を容易に低下させることができる。更に、脱燐処理は、溶銑に気体酸素やミルスケール等の酸素源を酸化剤として供給して行う酸化精錬であるので、この酸化精錬によって酸素との親和力の高いTiは容易に除去され、Ti含有量の低い溶銑とすることができる。又、同様にMnも酸化されて除去される。
【0013】
本発明による鋳鉄管は、このような脱硫処理及び脱燐処理が施された高炉溶銑を用いて製造されるので、P含有量が0.02mass%以下、S含有量が0.005 mass %以下、Cu含有量が0.03mass%以下、Cr含有量が0.03mass%以下であるダクタイル鋳鉄管を得ることができる。又、Mn含有量も低位に制御することができる。
【0014】
フェライト化を抑制する元素であるCuの含有量と、白銑化促進元素であるCrの含有量とを、上記の範囲まで低減することにより、ダクタイル鋳鉄管の基地はフェライト化が促進され、機械試験値の伸びを向上させることができる。又、P含有量を上記の範囲まで低減することにより、シャルピー衝撃値を向上させることができる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。本発明では、高炉から出銑された溶銑に脱硫処理並びに脱燐処理を施し、その後、この溶銑を用いて鋳鉄管を製造する。この脱硫処理と脱燐処理との順序はどちらを先に実施しても構わず、個々の製鉄所における設備の配置等から効率的な順序で実施すれば良い。又、脱硫処理及び脱燐処理を実施する際の処理容器は、トーピードカー及び溶銑鍋等の溶銑搬送容器や転炉型容器等の処理専用容器の何れであっても構わず、これも個々の製鉄所における設備条件に応じて決めれば良い。
【0016】
脱硫処理は、生石灰(CaO)、カルシウムカーバイド、ソーダ灰等を脱硫剤とし、この脱硫剤を溶銑中に吹き込んで脱硫する方法や、脱硫剤と溶銑とを撹拌混合して脱硫する方法等により行うことができる。特に、溶銑鍋等の取鍋型の容器に溶銑を収容し、耐火物製の回転翼(インペラーと呼ぶ)を溶銑中で回転させ、CaO系の脱硫剤と溶銑とを撹拌させて脱硫する機械的撹拌法により脱硫することが好ましい。この方法によれば、安価なCaO系脱硫剤を使用しても、効率良く低濃度まで脱硫することができる。
【0017】
このような脱硫処理により、溶銑のS含有量を0.01mass%以下まで容易に低減させることができる。脱硫処理前の溶銑のS含有量と添加する脱硫剤の量と処理時間とを適宜組み合わせることにより、安定して0.004〜0.006mass%に制御することができる。
【0018】
脱燐処理は、生石灰やソーダ灰等を脱燐用フラックスとし、ミルスケール等の固体酸素源と酸素等の気体酸素源とを溶銑に供給して脱燐する方法により行うことができる。特に、粉状の生石灰を溶銑中に吹き込みながら、塊状の生石灰、ミルスケール、及び蛍石を溶銑湯面に上置きし、上吹きランスから酸素を吹き付けて脱燐することが好ましい。この方法によれば、安価なCaO系脱燐用フラックスを使用しても、効率良く低濃度まで脱燐することができる。
【0019】
本発明では、このような脱燐処理により溶銑のP含有量を0.02mass%以下望ましくは0.01mass%以下まで低減させる。脱燐処理前の溶銑のP含有量と添加する脱燐用フラックスの量と供給する酸素源の量と処理時間とを適宜組み合わせることにより、安定して0.02mass%以下若しくは0.01mass%以下まで低減させることができる。尚、脱燐処理の前に、高炉鋳床や溶銑搬送容器等において脱珪処理を実施しても良い。脱珪処理とは、溶銑に酸素やミルスケール等の酸素源を供給して、主に溶銑中のSiをある程度まで除去することを目的とした処理である。
【0020】
このようにして脱硫処理及び脱燐処理が施された溶銑を、容量が例えば30トン程度の保持炉に装入し、ダクタイル鋳鉄管用の元湯とする。保持炉とは、遠心鋳造設備により鋳造される前の溶湯を一旦収容する容器であり、内壁が耐火物で構成され、低周波誘導等により収容物を加熱することが可能な炉である。
【0021】
高炉から出銑される溶銑を収容する溶銑搬送容器は容量が100トン以上と大型であり、通常、この溶銑搬送容器内で脱硫処理及び脱燐処理が施される。この溶銑搬送容器から直接保持炉に溶銑を装入しても良いが、ハンドリング等の容易さを考慮すれば、溶銑搬送容器から所定量の溶銑、例えば30トン程度の溶銑を小型の容器に分湯し、分湯した溶銑を保持炉に装入することが好ましい。但し、小型の容器で脱硫処理及び脱燐処理が実施できる場合や、保持炉の容量が大きく、溶銑搬送容器から直接装入しても問題ない場合には、この必要はない。
【0022】
次いで、保持炉から所定量の元湯を取鍋に出湯する。ところで、上記の脱燐処理時に溶銑中のSiは酸化除去され、脱燐処理後の溶銑のSi含有量はほぼ零となる。又、脱燐処理中に溶銑中のMnも酸化除去され、高炉出銑時のMn含有量の1/2以下まで低減する。従って、出湯された元湯のSi含有量はほぼ零であり、Mn含有量も出銑時の1/2以下まで低減している。
【0023】
ダクタイル鋳鉄管では黒鉛を球状化する必要があり、Siは極めて優れた黒鉛球状化元素であるため、鋳造前にFe−Si合金等を用いてSiを接種する。Siの接種は、出湯後の取鍋内で行っても、又、遠心鋳造設備の注湯取鍋(「三角取鍋」と呼ぶ)や注湯樋の何れで行っても良い。更に、Fe−Si合金等を添加することによる元湯の温度低下を防止するために、Fe−Si合金等の必要量の一部分若しくは全量を保持炉に装入する前の溶銑中に添加しても良い。
【0024】
又、Mnはフェライト化を抑制する元素、換言すれば、パーライト化を促進する元素であり、Mnが低減することによりフェライト化が促進され、機械試験値の伸びは向上するが、一方、Mn含有量が低下し過ぎることにより引張強度の低下を来す場合がある。このような場合には、基地の組織強化の観点からMnを添加する。MnはFe−Mn合金やSi−Mn合金等で添加することができ、添加時期は保持炉への装入前でも保持炉から出湯された後でもどちらでも良いが、元湯の温度管理の観点からは保持炉への装入前が好ましい。
【0025】
歩留まり向上のためには、三角取鍋や注入樋に残留する溶湯屑や鋳鉄管の管端切断屑等のリターン屑を再溶解してリサイクル使用する必要がある。このリターン屑を添加する時期は保持炉への装入前でも保持炉から出湯された後でもどちらでも良いが、元湯の温度管理の観点からは保持炉への装入前が好ましい。
【0026】
そして、保持炉から出湯された元湯に対して黒鉛球状化剤を添加し、ダクタイル鋳鉄溶湯を溶製する。黒鉛球状化剤としては金属Mg、Si若しくはCeミッシュメタル等の希土類元素又はこれらを含有した合金を用いることとする。黒鉛球状化剤の添加量は、金属MgとCeミッシュメタルとを併用する場合、金属MgはMg純分として元湯1トン当たり0.3〜1.0kg程度、Ceミッシュメタルは元湯1トン当たり0.05〜0.15kg程度とすれば十分である。黒鉛球状化剤の添加方法は特に限定する必要はなく、溶湯中に金属Mg等を押し込んで添加する、所謂圧力添加法等を用いれば良い。
【0027】
このようにして溶製したダクタイル鋳鉄溶湯を遠心鋳造設備にて鋳造し、ダクタイル鋳鉄管を製造する。遠心鋳造設備では、特に、鋳造される鋳鉄管の品質向上のために特段の対策を実施する必要はない。鋳造後の300〜500℃程度の鋳鉄管を連続焼鈍炉に装入し、900〜950℃まで昇温して焼鈍処理を実施する。
【0028】
ダクタイル鋳鉄管をこのようにして製造することで、P、Cu、Cr等の不純物元素が少ないダクタイル鋳鉄管を効率良く且つ安定して製造することができる。又、Mn含有量も低濃度レベルで任意に制御することができる。
【0029】
そして、フェライト化を抑制するCuと白銑化促進元素であるCrとを共に0.03mass%以下まで低減することにより、ダクタイル鋳鉄管の基地はフェライト化が促進され、機械試験値の伸びを向上させることができる。更に、Mn含有量を低濃度に制御した場合には、Cu及びCrが少なくなることと相まって、フライト化が一層促進され、焼鈍時間を短くすることや焼鈍そのものを省略すること等が可能となる。更に又、Cu及びCrが少なくなることから、黒鉛の球状化が促進され、黒鉛球状化剤の使用量を少なくすることができる。又、P含有量を0.02mass%以下まで低減することにより、シャルピー衝撃値を向上させることができる。
【0030】
【実施例】
以下に本発明の実施例を説明する。高炉から出銑された溶銑を250トン容量の溶銑鍋に受けた後、この溶銑を脱硫処理設備に搬送して脱硫処理を実施した。脱硫処理は、CaO系の脱硫剤を用いてインペラーで撹拌する機械的撹拌法により行い、脱硫処理後の溶銑のS含有量を0.005mass%まで低減した。脱硫処理後、生成したスラグを溶銑鍋から排出させた。
【0031】
次いで、この溶銑を脱燐処理設備に搬送して脱燐処理を実施した。脱燐処理は、生石灰、ミルスケール、及び蛍石を溶銑湯面に上置きし、窒素を搬送用ガスとして粉状の生石灰を溶銑中に吹き込み、且つ、上吹きランスから酸素を吹き付けながら実施した。脱燐処理後の溶銑のP含有量は0.010mass%であった。脱燐処理後、復燐防止のために生成したスラグを溶銑鍋から排出させた。
【0032】
脱燐処理後、溶銑鍋から40トン容量の小型取鍋に30トンの溶銑を分湯し、この溶銑をダクタイル鋳鉄用の元湯とした。溶銑鍋から小型取鍋に分湯する際に、小型取鍋内にFe−Si合金をSi純分で溶銑トン当たり10kg、Fe−Mn合金をMn純分で2kg入れ置きすると共に、ダクタイル鋳鉄管の製造工程で発生したリターン屑を入れ置きして、その上に溶銑を注入してFe−Si合金、Fe−Mn合金、及びリターン屑を溶解させた。そして、この小型取鍋を鋳鉄管製造工場に搬送し、低周波誘導加熱装置を備えた40トン容量の保持炉にこの元湯を装入した。
【0033】
保持炉から3トン容量の取鍋に元湯を出湯し、この取鍋内の元湯にFe−Si合金を添加し、更に、金属Mg及びCeミッシュメタルを添加してダクタイル鋳鉄溶湯を溶製した。表1に高炉出銑時からダクタイル鋳鉄溶湯に溶製されるまでの溶湯の化学成分組成の変遷を示す。
【0034】
【表1】
【0035】
このダクタイル鋳鉄溶湯を金型遠心鋳造装置にて鋳造し、口径100mm、管厚7.5mmのダクタイル鋳鉄管を製造した。鋳込温度は1230〜1380℃である。鋳造後、900〜950℃に設定してある連続焼鈍炉にダクタイル鋳鉄管を装入して焼鈍処理を施した。焼鈍処理後、ダクタイル鋳鉄管の端部から試験片を採取して、引張試験及びシャルピー衝撃試験(常温)を実施した。表2に、ダクタイル鋳鉄管の化学成分組成、引張試験結果、及びシャルピー衝撃試験結果を示す。
【0036】
【表2】
【0037】
表2中の実施例1は上記の説明により製造したダクタイル鋳鉄管であり、実施例2は高炉出銑時期が異なる溶銑を用いた例であり、実施例2ではFe−Mn合金を添加していないが、その他の製造方法は実施例1と同一である。又、従来例1及び従来例2は、鉄スクラップと銑鉄とを主たる鉄源原料としてキュポラにて溶解した元湯から製造された鋳鉄管である。
【0038】
表2から明らかなように、本発明の実施例では従来例に比べてPの含有量が低く、且つ、Cu、Cr等の鉄スクラップに起因する不純物成分の含有量が低いことが分かる。そして、本発明の実施例では伸びが18%以上で、又、シャルピー衝撃値が90J/cm2 以上であり、靭性に優れていることが分かった。従来例1,2もダクタイル鋳鉄管として十分な品質を確保しているが、本発明によりダクタイル鋳鉄管の品質が一層向上することが判明した。
【0039】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によればダクタイル鋳鉄管のP、Cu、Cr等の不純物成分の含有量を従来のダクタイル鋳鉄管では達成不可能な範囲まで低減することが可能となると共に、Mn含有量も低位に制御することが可能となる。その結果、伸び及びシャルピー衝撃値等の機械試験値を向上させることが達成され、工業上有益な効果がもたらされる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a ductile cast iron pipe having a small content of impurity components such as P, Cu and Cr and excellent in mechanical properties such as elongation and impact value, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Ductile cast iron pipes have the same tensile strength as steel materials, and their elongation and toughness are ten times that of ordinary cast iron, and have excellent corrosion resistance equivalent to that of ordinary cast iron. It is widely used as various piping materials in harsher environments such as underground pipes that require high pressure.
[0003]
Conventionally, a ductile cast iron pipe is obtained by adding metal Mg as a graphite spheronizing agent to a hot water melted by a cupola or an electric furnace using iron scrap as a main iron source material, and C: 3 to 4% by mass, Si: 1 -3%, Mn: 0.2-0.5%, Mg: 0.02-0.06%, P: 0.02-0.06%, S: 0.01% or less, the balance being It is manufactured by melting a ductile cast iron melt composed of inevitable impurities and Fe, and casting this in a centrifugal casting facility. In this case, in order to improve the addition yield of the metal spheroidizing agent such as metal Mg, Si, rare earth elements, the hot water is subjected to a desulfurization treatment as necessary before the graphite spheroidizing agent is added. .
[0004]
A high elongation value, which is one of the mechanical properties of ductile cast iron pipes, is obtained by controlling the base to a ferrite structure. Therefore, in order to decompose cementite generated in the cooling process after casting into ferrite, the ductile cast iron is usually used. The tube is kept in an annealing furnace at a temperature of about 850 to 930 ° C. for 1 hour or longer after casting, and is subjected to an annealing process called a ferritic annealing process.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, components such as Cu, Ni, Cr, and Mo originate from iron scrap as unavoidable impurities in the molten ductile iron melted by cupola or electric furnace using iron scrap as the main iron source material. Among these components, Cu and Mo are elements that suppress ferritization, and prevent the base from being ferritized and reduce elongation. Moreover, since Cr is a whitening promoting element, it is possible to suppress the formation of cementite, that is, to promote ferritization by reducing the Cr content.
[0006]
Although it is not an inevitable impurity component, Mn is an element that suppresses ferritization, and in order to make the base a ferrite structure, the lower the Mn content, the more preferable. In a ductile cast iron pipe whose base is a ferrite structure, it is stably high. In order to ensure the elongation value, the Mn content is preferably about 0.3 mass% or less. However, some iron scraps have an Mn content exceeding 1 mass%, and when such iron scrap is mixed in a large amount, the elongation value decreases.
[0007]
In order to prevent such problems, the iron scrap to be used is carefully selected when melting the ductile cast iron melt, but as long as the iron scrap is used, the inclusion of Cu, Ni, Cr, Mn, etc. is inevitable. In addition, due to the careful selection of iron scrap, the manufacturing cost is inevitably increased. Furthermore, P is known as an element that affects the impact value of the mechanical test value, and it is preferable to reduce it. However, the P content in the ductile cast iron melt depends on the P content of iron scrap, and more than that. It cannot be reduced.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances. The object of the present invention is that the content of impurity components such as P, Cu, and Cr is small, and the Mn content can be controlled to a low level. It is to provide a ductile cast iron pipe excellent in mechanical properties such as value and a method for producing the same.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A ductile cast iron pipe according to the present invention is a ductile cast iron pipe obtained by casting a blast furnace hot metal, which has been subjected to desulfurization treatment and dephosphorization treatment, in a centrifugal casting facility, and has a P content of 0.02 mass% or less, S Content is 0.005 mass % or less, Cu content is 0.03 mass % or less, and Cr content is 0.03 mass % or less .
[0010]
In addition, in the method for producing a ductile cast iron pipe according to the present invention, the molten iron discharged from the blast furnace is subjected to desulfurization treatment and dephosphorization treatment, and then the molten iron is selected from any one of Mg, Si and rare earth elements. A graphite spheroidizing agent containing the above is added, and then the hot metal is cast in a centrifugal casting facility to form a cast iron pipe, and the cast iron pipe after casting is annealed, and the hot metal It is preferable to carry out the dephosphorization treatment until the P content is 0.02 mass% or less.
[0011]
In the blast furnace, high-purity iron ore is reduced with coke to produce hot metal, so the contents of Cu, Cr, Ni, and Mo in the produced hot metal are stable and low. However, this hot metal contains about 0.1 mass% of P, about 0.03 mass% of S, and about 0.1 mass% of Ti, and when producing a ductile cast iron pipe using this hot metal as it is For example, the impact value decreases due to an increase in the P content, and the spheroidization of graphite is inhibited by Ti, which is an element for inhibiting the spheroidization of graphite, so that a high-quality ductile cast iron pipe cannot be obtained. Moreover, the addition yield of metal Mg, which is a graphite spheroidizing agent, or a rare earth element decreases due to a high S content.
[0012]
Therefore, in the present invention, the hot metal discharged from the blast furnace is subjected to desulfurization treatment and dephosphorization treatment, and a ductile cast iron pipe is manufactured using the hot metal subjected to these treatments. The S content and the P content in the hot metal can be easily reduced by the desulfurization treatment and the dephosphorization treatment. Furthermore, since the dephosphorization process is an oxidation refining performed by supplying gaseous oxygen, an oxygen source such as mill scale as an oxidizing agent to the hot metal, Ti having high affinity with oxygen is easily removed by this oxidation refining, and Ti It can be a hot metal with a low content. Similarly, Mn is also oxidized and removed.
[0013]
Since the cast iron pipe according to the present invention is manufactured using the blast furnace hot metal subjected to such desulfurization treatment and dephosphorization treatment, the P content is 0.02 mass % or less, and the S content is 0.005 mass % or less. A ductile cast iron pipe having a Cu content of 0.03 mass% or less and a Cr content of 0.03 mass% or less can be obtained. Also, the Mn content can be controlled to a low level.
[0014]
By reducing the content of Cu, an element that suppresses ferritization, and the content of Cr, an element that promotes whitening, to the above range, the base of the ductile cast iron pipe is promoted to become ferritic, The elongation of the test value can be improved. Further, the Charpy impact value can be improved by reducing the P content to the above range.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. In the present invention, the hot metal discharged from the blast furnace is subjected to desulfurization treatment and dephosphorization treatment, and then a cast iron pipe is manufactured using the hot metal. Either the desulfurization process or the dephosphorization process may be performed first, and the desulfurization process and the dephosphorization process may be performed in an efficient order from the arrangement of the facilities in each steelworks. Further, the processing vessel for carrying out the desulfurization treatment and the dephosphorization treatment may be any one of a hot metal transfer container such as a torpedo car and a hot metal ladle, and a dedicated processing vessel such as a converter type container. It may be determined according to the equipment conditions at the place.
[0016]
The desulfurization treatment is performed by a method in which quick lime (CaO), calcium carbide, soda ash or the like is used as a desulfurizing agent, and the desulfurizing agent is blown into hot metal to desulfurize, or a desulfurizing agent and hot metal are stirred and mixed to desulfurize. be able to. In particular, a machine that contains hot metal in a ladle-type container such as a hot metal ladle, rotates a refractory rotating blade (called an impeller) in the hot metal, and stirs the CaO-based desulfurizing agent and hot metal to desulfurize the machine. It is preferable to desulfurize by a mechanical stirring method. According to this method, even if an inexpensive CaO-based desulfurizing agent is used, it can be efficiently desulfurized to a low concentration.
[0017]
By such desulfurization treatment, the S content of the hot metal can be easily reduced to 0.01 mass% or less. By appropriately combining the S content of the hot metal before the desulfurization treatment, the amount of the desulfurizing agent to be added, and the treatment time, it can be stably controlled to 0.004 to 0.006 mass%.
[0018]
The dephosphorization treatment can be performed by a method of dephosphorization by using quick lime, soda ash or the like as a dephosphorization flux and supplying a solid oxygen source such as a mill scale and a gaseous oxygen source such as oxygen to the hot metal. In particular, it is preferable that dephosphorization is performed by blowing bulk quicklime, mill scale, and fluorite on the hot metal surface while blowing powdery quicklime into the hot metal, and blowing oxygen from the top blowing lance. According to this method, even if an inexpensive CaO-based dephosphorization flux is used, it can be efficiently dephosphorized to a low concentration.
[0019]
In the present invention, by such dephosphorization treatment, the P content of the hot metal is reduced to 0.02 mass% or less, preferably 0.01 mass% or less. By appropriately combining the P content of the hot metal before dephosphorization, the amount of dephosphorization flux to be added, the amount of oxygen source to be supplied, and the treatment time, it is stably 0.02 mass% or less or 0.01 mass% or less Can be reduced. In addition, you may implement a desiliconization process in a blast furnace casting floor, a hot metal conveyance container, etc. before a dephosphorization process. The desiliconization process is a process aimed at supplying oxygen source such as oxygen or mill scale to the hot metal and mainly removing Si in the hot metal to a certain extent.
[0020]
The hot metal thus desulfurized and dephosphorized is charged into a holding furnace having a capacity of, for example, about 30 tons, and used as a hot water for a ductile cast iron pipe. The holding furnace is a container that temporarily stores the molten metal before being cast by the centrifugal casting equipment, the inner wall is made of a refractory material, and the stored material can be heated by low frequency induction or the like.
[0021]
The hot metal transfer container for containing the hot metal discharged from the blast furnace has a large capacity of 100 tons or more, and usually, desulfurization and dephosphorization processes are performed in the hot metal transfer container. The hot metal may be charged directly into the holding furnace from this hot metal transfer container, but considering the ease of handling, etc., a predetermined amount of hot metal, for example, about 30 tons of hot metal is separated into a small container. It is preferable that the hot metal which has been heated and divided is charged into a holding furnace. However, this is not necessary when the desulfurization treatment and the dephosphorization treatment can be carried out with a small container, or when the capacity of the holding furnace is large and there is no problem even if it is directly charged from the hot metal transfer container.
[0022]
Next, a predetermined amount of hot water is taken out from the holding furnace into the ladle. By the way, Si in the hot metal is oxidized and removed during the above dephosphorization treatment, and the Si content of the hot metal after the dephosphorization treatment becomes almost zero. In addition, Mn in the hot metal is also oxidized and removed during the dephosphorization process, and the Mn content at the time of blast furnace discharge is reduced to ½ or less. Accordingly, the Si content of the hot water discharged is almost zero, and the Mn content is also reduced to ½ or less of the hot water.
[0023]
In the ductile cast iron pipe, it is necessary to spheroidize graphite. Since Si is an extremely excellent graphite spheroidizing element, Si is inoculated using an Fe—Si alloy or the like before casting. Inoculation of Si may be performed in a ladle after pouring, or in a pouring ladle (referred to as “triangular ladle”) or a pouring pot of a centrifugal casting facility. Furthermore, in order to prevent the temperature drop of the hot water due to the addition of Fe-Si alloy or the like, a part or all of the necessary amount of Fe-Si alloy or the like is added to the hot metal before charging into the holding furnace. Also good.
[0024]
In addition, Mn is an element that suppresses ferritization, in other words, an element that promotes pearlite formation. By reducing Mn, ferritization is promoted and mechanical test value elongation is improved. If the amount decreases too much, the tensile strength may decrease. In such a case, Mn is added from the viewpoint of strengthening the base structure. Mn can be added by Fe-Mn alloy, Si-Mn alloy or the like, and the addition time may be either before charging into the holding furnace or after being discharged from the holding furnace. Is preferably before charging into the holding furnace.
[0025]
In order to improve the yield, it is necessary to remelt and reuse the waste scraps such as the molten metal scraps remaining in the triangular ladle and the pouring bowl and the pipe end cutting scraps of the cast iron pipe. The return scrap may be added before charging into the holding furnace or after it is discharged from the holding furnace, but from the viewpoint of temperature management of the main hot water, it is preferable to add it to the holding furnace.
[0026]
And a graphite spheroidizing agent is added with respect to the original hot water discharged from the holding furnace, and a ductile cast iron molten metal is melted. As the graphite spheroidizing agent, a rare earth element such as metal Mg, Si or Ce misch metal or an alloy containing these is used. When the metal spheroidizing agent is used in combination with metallic Mg and Ce misch metal, the metal Mg is about 0.3 to 1.0 kg per ton of hot water as pure Mg, and Ce misch metal is 1 ton of hot water. It is sufficient to be about 0.05 to 0.15 kg per hit. The method for adding the graphite spheroidizing agent is not particularly limited, and a so-called pressure addition method in which metal Mg or the like is added into the molten metal may be used.
[0027]
The melted ductile cast iron is cast in a centrifugal casting facility to produce a ductile cast iron pipe. In the centrifugal casting equipment, it is not particularly necessary to take special measures for improving the quality of cast iron pipes to be cast. The cast iron pipe of about 300 to 500 ° C. after casting is charged into a continuous annealing furnace, and the temperature is raised to 900 to 950 ° C. to carry out the annealing treatment.
[0028]
By manufacturing a ductile cast iron pipe in this way, a ductile cast iron pipe with few impurity elements such as P, Cu, Cr, etc. can be manufactured efficiently and stably. Also, the Mn content can be arbitrarily controlled at a low concentration level.
[0029]
And by reducing both ferritic suppression Cu and whitening promoting element Cr to 0.03 mass% or less, the base of the ductile cast iron pipe is promoted to be ferritized and the elongation of the mechanical test value is improved. Can be made. Further, when the Mn content is controlled to a low concentration, in combination with the reduction of Cu and Cr, the formation of flights is further promoted, and it becomes possible to shorten the annealing time or omit the annealing itself. . Furthermore, since Cu and Cr are reduced, the spheroidization of graphite is promoted, and the amount of graphite spheroidizing agent used can be reduced. Moreover, the Charpy impact value can be improved by reducing the P content to 0.02 mass% or less.
[0030]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be described below. After the hot metal discharged from the blast furnace was received in a hot metal ladle having a capacity of 250 tons, this hot metal was transported to a desulfurization treatment facility and subjected to desulfurization treatment. The desulfurization treatment was performed by a mechanical stirring method using a CaO-based desulfurization agent and stirring with an impeller, and the S content of the hot metal after the desulfurization treatment was reduced to 0.005 mass%. After the desulfurization treatment, the generated slag was discharged from the hot metal ladle.
[0031]
Next, this hot metal was transported to a dephosphorization treatment facility to carry out a dephosphorization treatment. The dephosphorization process was performed while placing quicklime, mill scale, and fluorite on the hot metal surface, blowing powdered quicklime into the hot metal using nitrogen as a carrier gas, and blowing oxygen from the top blowing lance. . The P content of the hot metal after the dephosphorization treatment was 0.010 mass%. After the dephosphorization treatment, the slag produced to prevent the recovery was discharged from the hot metal pan.
[0032]
After the dephosphorization treatment, 30 tons of hot metal was divided into a 40-ton capacity small ladle from the hot metal ladle, and this hot metal was used as the original hot water for ductile cast iron. When splitting the hot metal from the hot metal ladle to the small ladle, put 10kg of Fe-Si alloy with pure Si content per ton of hot metal and 2kg of Fe-Mn alloy with pure Mn content in the small ladle. Return scrap generated in the manufacturing process was placed, and hot metal was poured thereon to dissolve the Fe—Si alloy, Fe—Mn alloy, and return scrap. And this small ladle was conveyed to the cast iron pipe manufacturing factory, and this hot water was charged into the holding furnace of 40 ton capacity provided with the low frequency induction heating apparatus.
[0033]
The hot water is discharged from a holding furnace into a ladle with a capacity of 3 tons, Fe-Si alloy is added to the hot water in the ladle, and metal Mg and Ce misch metal are added to melt the molten ductile iron. did. Table 1 shows the transition of the chemical composition of the molten metal from the time of blast furnace discharge until it is melted into the ductile cast iron melt.
[0034]
[Table 1]
[0035]
This molten ductile cast iron was cast with a centrifugal mold casting apparatus to produce a ductile cast iron pipe having a diameter of 100 mm and a pipe thickness of 7.5 mm. The casting temperature is 1230 to 1380 ° C. After casting, a ductile cast iron pipe was inserted into a continuous annealing furnace set at 900 to 950 ° C. and subjected to annealing treatment. After the annealing treatment, a test piece was collected from the end of the ductile cast iron pipe and subjected to a tensile test and a Charpy impact test (normal temperature). Table 2 shows the chemical composition of the ductile cast iron pipe, the tensile test results, and the Charpy impact test results.
[0036]
[Table 2]
[0037]
Example 1 in Table 2 is a ductile cast iron pipe manufactured according to the above description. Example 2 is an example using hot metal having different blast furnace discharge timing. In Example 2, an Fe-Mn alloy was added. Other manufacturing methods are the same as those in Example 1. Further, Conventional Example 1 and Conventional Example 2 are cast iron tubes manufactured from a hot spring in which iron scrap and pig iron are mainly melted with a cupola as an iron source material.
[0038]
As is apparent from Table 2, in the examples of the present invention, it is understood that the content of P is lower than that of the conventional example, and the content of impurity components resulting from iron scrap such as Cu and Cr is low. And in the Example of this invention, elongation was 18% or more, and the Charpy impact value was 90 J / cm < 2 > or more, and it turned out that it is excellent in toughness. Conventional Examples 1 and 2 also ensure sufficient quality as a ductile cast iron pipe, but it has been found that the quality of the ductile cast iron pipe is further improved by the present invention.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the content of impurity components such as P, Cu, Cr and the like of a ductile cast iron pipe to a range that cannot be achieved with a conventional ductile cast iron pipe. The content can be controlled to a low level. As a result, an improvement in mechanical test values such as elongation and Charpy impact value can be achieved, resulting in industrially beneficial effects.
Claims (4)
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| JP2001063236A JP3672832B2 (en) | 2001-03-07 | 2001-03-07 | Ductile cast iron pipe and manufacturing method thereof |
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| JP3672832B2 true JP3672832B2 (en) | 2005-07-20 |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN105414513A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-03-23 | 辛胜利 | Machining method for forming roll body of pipe welding unit |
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| CN101658901B (en) * | 2008-03-10 | 2014-10-29 | 王宇新 | Processing method and special casting equipment for preventing ductile iron liquor from generating spheroidization recession and reducing casting temperature in process of casting |
| JP5113104B2 (en) * | 2009-02-18 | 2013-01-09 | 株式会社栗本鐵工所 | Spheroidal graphite cast iron pipe and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP5669038B2 (en) * | 2010-03-16 | 2015-02-12 | 株式会社栗本鐵工所 | Spheroidal graphite cast iron pipe and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP6162364B2 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2017-07-12 | 株式会社リケン | High rigidity spheroidal graphite cast iron |
| CN103215490A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-07-24 | 莱州新忠耀机械有限公司 | Preparation method of thin-wall A-type graphite casting piece A |
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| CN105039839A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-11-11 | 合肥市田源精铸有限公司 | Manufacturing method for nodular cast iron used for crankshaft |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105414513A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-03-23 | 辛胜利 | Machining method for forming roll body of pipe welding unit |
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