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JP3674022B2 - Contact material, anaerobic bacteria tank and sewage treatment method - Google Patents
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JP3674022B2 - Contact material, anaerobic bacteria tank and sewage treatment method - Google Patents

Contact material, anaerobic bacteria tank and sewage treatment method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3674022B2
JP3674022B2 JP2410999A JP2410999A JP3674022B2 JP 3674022 B2 JP3674022 B2 JP 3674022B2 JP 2410999 A JP2410999 A JP 2410999A JP 2410999 A JP2410999 A JP 2410999A JP 3674022 B2 JP3674022 B2 JP 3674022B2
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Prior art keywords
dish
anaerobic
contact material
sewage
sludge
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JP2000218287A (en
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信行 山下
邦夫 宮坂
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日立プラント建設株式会社
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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  • Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は都市廃水、工業廃水等を含む汚水の生物的浄化に関するものであり、特に生物処理する際に利用する生物膜を付着・固定させる接触材およびそれを用いた嫌気性菌槽に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
汚水の生物学的処理には好気性生物処理と嫌気性生物処理とがあり、この中で生物膜を利用する方法は、好気性生物処理にあっては散水濾床法、回転円盤法、接触酸化法等があり、嫌気性生物処理にあっては嫌気性濾床法等がある。嫌気性生物は好気性生物に比較して接触床への付着力が弱く、生物膜が層を成すと容易に脱落する傾向があり(脱落した生物膜の集合体を汚泥と称する)、したがって脱落後は嫌気性生物による汚水の浄化能力が低下することになる。
【0003】
例えば従来から使用されている多数の筒状通水孔を濾床内に垂直に設け、この筒状通水孔の内壁面に微生物を付着させる接触法では嫌気性生物処理の場合、形成された嫌気性の生物膜が容易に剥離・脱落して生物処理の効率が低下していた。
【0004】
これに対し嫌気性生物膜の付着を容易にし脱落を少なくして汚水処理の効率を高める接触材が例えば実開昭59−190397に開示されている。図6、図7にその接触材を示す。これは中央部に凹部50を有し外縁部に数箇所の切欠部60(図7参照。図7は図6のC−C断面図である)を設けた各々直径の異なる2種類の皿状体30、40を交互に適宜の距離をおいて凹部50を一定方向にそろえ連接材20により皿状体30、40を繋ぎ並べて接触材10となすものである。この接触材10を凹部50を上に向けて濾床内に適宜の数充填し接触床となす。これにより皿状体30、40の凹部50では嫌気性生物膜が剥離することなく盛んに増殖する。また、凹部50に嫌気性生物膜が一定限度を過ぎて形成されると切欠部60より嫌気性生物膜の一部が脱落する。これにより嫌気性生物膜層の下層部の腐敗を防止する。さらに各々直径の異なる2種類の皿状体30、40を並べることで汚水が生物膜と接触せずに短絡流路を形成することを防止できる。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
接触材には微生物を強固に固定すること、生物膜の厚さを適度に保つこと、汚水と微生物とのより多くの接触の機会を提供すること、できるだけ圧力損失を生じさせないこと等が要求される。これらの点で上記接触材は優れた効果を発揮する。
【0006】
ここで皿状体から脱落した嫌気性生物膜の沈降について考えてみる。図6の7は前述の従来の接触材における脱落した嫌気性生物膜の沈降の軌跡を模式的に示したものである。凹部50に嫌気性生物膜が一定限度を過ぎて形成されると嫌気性生物膜の一部は皿状体の切欠部60もしくは外縁部より脱落・沈降する。沈降した生物膜(汚泥)はその下の大きい皿状体に落ちる。更にそこから脱落・沈降した生物膜はその下の大きい皿状体に落ちる。すなわち小さい皿状体を飛び越して大きい皿状体から大きい皿状体へと次々に沈降するのである。汚泥がこのように沈降すると嫌気性菌槽における汚泥の滞留時間を長くとることができず、嫌気性生物による汚水の浄化能力をより高めることは困難となる。
【0007】
本発明の目的は、嫌気性菌槽における汚泥の滞留時間を長くして嫌気性生物による汚水の浄化能力をより高めることにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は前述の接触材をベースとしてそれに改良を加えたもので、すなわち本発明で用いる皿状体はその底面に穴を開けた皿状体である。この皿状体を凹部を上向きにして設置すれば汚泥は外縁部から溢出することなくこの穴から出て沈降する。この沈降汚泥を前記皿状体の下に設けた皿状体で受けるのである。この皿状体には穴は開けずに汚泥は外縁部から溢出させる。さらにこの沈降汚泥を前述した底面に穴を開けた皿状体で受けるのである。これを繰り返すことで汚泥が小さい皿状体を飛び越すことなく、大きい皿状体から小さい皿状体へ、小さい皿状体から大きい皿状体へと次々に沈降するようにしたものである。これにより嫌気性菌槽における汚泥の滞留時間を長くして嫌気性生物による汚水の浄化能力をより高めることが可能となったのである。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施例について図面を参照して説明する。
【0010】
図1は本発明の実施の形態の一例を示す接触材である。接触材1は大きい皿状体2と小さい皿状体3とを連接材5により鉛直方向に繋ぎ並べた構成である。汚泥4は大きい皿状体2上で増殖し一部は穴2aから脱落・沈降する。その汚泥は小さい皿状体3で受ける。小さい皿状体3には穴はないので汚泥は外縁部から溢れ出て沈降する。この汚泥を更にその下にある大きい皿状体2で受けるのである。このとき大きい皿状体2の穴2aの位置は小さい皿状体3の鉛直方向の投影内であることが好ましい。小さい皿状体3の大きさは大きい皿状体2の鉛直方向の投影内であることが好ましい。尚、図1では大きい皿状体2から脱落・沈降した汚泥は小さい皿状体3で受けているが必ずしも皿状体で受ける必要はなく例えば平板であってもよい。
【0011】
図2は図1におけるA−A断面図である。大きい皿状体2の穴2aの形状や数は適宜決めることができる。
【0012】
図3は接触材1を連ねて濾床6としたものである。水平方向において大きい皿状体2と小さい皿状体3とが交互に並ぶように組むことで充填率の高い濾床とすることができる。
【0013】
図4は図3におけるB−B断面図である。この図において各皿状体の間に隙間があると汚水の短絡流が生じ嫌気性生物による汚水の浄化能力が低下する。
【0014】
図5は汚水処理装置の一例である。汚水は沈殿池8で沈殿物を除去して導入管9により嫌気性菌槽7の底部に導入される。汚水は濾床6に上向流で入りここで十分に嫌気性生物膜と接触し、有機物のメタン化や脱窒反応が行われ処理水として排出される。
【0015】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
図5の汚水処理装置において濾床6を図1の本発明の接触材で形成した。濾床6は図3、4に示すように大小の皿状体が上下・水平方向に交互に並ぶように配置した。接触材と濾床の仕様を表1、表2に示す。
【0016】
【表1】

Figure 0003674022
【0017】
【表2】
Figure 0003674022
【0018】
運転条件は表3に示す通りである。
【0019】
【表3】
Figure 0003674022
【0020】
運転処理結果を表4に示す。
【0021】
【表4】
Figure 0003674022
【0022】
表4に示すとおり得られた処理水の水質は良好であった。
【0023】
(比較例1)
図5の汚水処理装置において濾床6を図6の従来の接触材で形成した。濾床6は図3、4に示すように大小の皿状体が上下・水平方向に交互に並ぶように配置した。接触材と濾床の仕様を表5、表6に示す。
【0024】
【表5】
Figure 0003674022
【0025】
【表6】
Figure 0003674022
【0026】
運転条件は表7に示す通りである。
【0027】
【表7】
Figure 0003674022
【0028】
運転処理結果を表8に示す。
【0029】
【表8】
Figure 0003674022
【0030】
表8に示すとおり得られた処理水の水質は実用上問題はないものの本発明の接触材を用いたものよりやや劣る。
【0031】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、嫌気性菌槽における汚泥の滞留時間を長くして嫌気性生物による汚水の浄化能力をより高めることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施の形態の一例を示す接触材である。
【図2】図1におけるA−A断面図である。
【図3】本発明の接触材を連ねて形成した濾床である。
【図4】図3におけるB−B断面図である。
【図5】汚水処理装置の一例である。
【図6】従来の接触材である。
【図7】図6のC−C断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1接触材、2 大きい皿状体、2a 穴、3 小さい皿状体、
4 汚泥、5 連接材、6 濾床、7 嫌気性菌槽、8 沈殿池、
9 導入管[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to biological purification of sewage including municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, etc., and more particularly to a contact material for attaching and fixing a biofilm used in biological treatment and an anaerobic fungus tank using the same. is there.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Biological treatment of sewage includes aerobic biological treatment and anaerobic biological treatment. Among them, the method using a biofilm is a sprinkling filter bed method, a rotating disk method, a contact method in aerobic biological treatment. There are oxidation methods and the like, and anaerobic biological treatment includes an anaerobic filter bed method and the like. Anaerobic organisms have less adhesion to contact beds than aerobic organisms and tend to fall off easily when the biofilm is stratified (collection of dropped biofilms is referred to as sludge). Later, the ability to purify sewage by anaerobic organisms will be reduced.
[0003]
For example, in the case of anaerobic biological treatment, a contact method in which a number of conventionally used cylindrical water holes are provided vertically in the filter bed and microorganisms are attached to the inner wall surface of the cylindrical water holes is formed. Anaerobic biofilms easily peeled off and dropped, reducing the efficiency of biological treatment.
[0004]
On the other hand, a contact material that facilitates adhesion of an anaerobic biofilm, reduces dropping off, and improves the efficiency of sewage treatment is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 59-19097. The contact material is shown in FIGS. This is a two-plate shape with different diameters, each having a recess 50 at the center and several notches 60 (see FIG. 7; FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line CC in FIG. 6) at the outer edge. The bodies 30 and 40 are alternately arranged at an appropriate distance, the concave portions 50 are aligned in a certain direction, and the dish-like bodies 30 and 40 are connected and aligned by the connecting material 20 to form the contact material 10. An appropriate number of the contact materials 10 are filled in the filter bed with the concave portions 50 facing upward to form a contact bed. Thereby, in the recessed part 50 of the plate-shaped bodies 30 and 40, an anaerobic biofilm grows actively, without peeling. In addition, when the anaerobic biofilm is formed in the recess 50 beyond a certain limit, a part of the anaerobic biofilm falls off from the notch 60. This prevents decay of the lower part of the anaerobic biofilm layer. Furthermore, by arranging two types of dish-like bodies 30 and 40 having different diameters, it is possible to prevent sewage from forming a short-circuit channel without contacting the biofilm.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The contact material is required to firmly fix microorganisms, to keep the thickness of the biofilm moderate, to provide more opportunities for contact between sewage and microorganisms, and to prevent pressure loss as much as possible. The In these respects, the contact material exhibits an excellent effect.
[0006]
Here, let us consider sedimentation of an anaerobic biofilm that has fallen from a dish. 6 of FIG. 6 schematically shows the locus of sedimentation of the dropped anaerobic biofilm in the above-described conventional contact material. When the anaerobic biofilm is formed in the recess 50 beyond a certain limit, a part of the anaerobic biofilm falls off and settles from the notch 60 or the outer edge of the dish-like body. The sedimented biofilm (sludge) falls into a large dish below it. Furthermore, the biofilm that has fallen and settled from there falls into a large dish-like body below it. That is, it jumps over a small dish-like body and settles one after another from a large dish-like body to a large dish-like body. When the sludge settles in this way, the sludge residence time in the anaerobic bacterium tank cannot be increased, and it becomes difficult to further increase the purification capacity of the sewage by anaerobic organisms.
[0007]
An object of the present invention is to increase the sludge retention time in an anaerobic fungus tank and further increase the ability to purify sewage by anaerobic organisms.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is based on the above-mentioned contact material and an improvement thereto, that is, the dish-shaped body used in the present invention is a dish-shaped body having a hole in its bottom surface. If this dish-like body is installed with the concave portion facing upward, the sludge will settle out of this hole without overflowing from the outer edge. This sedimented sludge is received by a dish-like body provided under the dish-like body. The dish does not have a hole and the sludge overflows from the outer edge. Furthermore, this sedimentation sludge is received by the dish-like body having a hole in the bottom surface described above. By repeating this, the sludge settles from the large dish to the small dish and from the small dish to the large dish without jumping over the small dish. This makes it possible to increase the sludge retention time in the anaerobic bacteria tank and further increase the ability to purify sewage by anaerobic organisms.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0010]
FIG. 1 is a contact material showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention. The contact material 1 has a configuration in which a large dish-shaped body 2 and a small dish-shaped body 3 are connected in a vertical direction by a connecting material 5. The sludge 4 grows on the large dish-like body 2, and a part falls off and settles from the hole 2a. The sludge is received by a small dish 3. Since there is no hole in the small dish 3, the sludge overflows from the outer edge and sinks. This sludge is further received by the large dish-like body 2 below the sludge. At this time, the position of the hole 2a of the large dish-shaped body 2 is preferably within the vertical projection of the small dish-shaped body 3. The size of the small dish 3 is preferably within the vertical projection of the large dish 2. In FIG. 1, sludge that has dropped and settled from the large dish-like body 2 is received by the small dish-like body 3, but it is not necessarily received by the dish-like body, and may be, for example, a flat plate.
[0011]
2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. The shape and number of the holes 2a of the large dish-like body 2 can be determined as appropriate.
[0012]
FIG. 3 shows a filter bed 6 formed by connecting the contact materials 1 together. By assembling so that the large dish-shaped body 2 and the small dish-shaped body 3 are alternately arranged in the horizontal direction, a filter bed with a high filling rate can be obtained.
[0013]
4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. In this figure, if there is a gap between the dishes, a short-circuit flow of sewage occurs, and the purification capacity of sewage by anaerobic organisms decreases.
[0014]
FIG. 5 is an example of a sewage treatment apparatus. The sewage is removed from the sedimentation basin 8 and introduced into the bottom of the anaerobic bacteria tank 7 through the introduction tube 9. Sewage enters the filter bed 6 in an upward flow, where it fully contacts the anaerobic biofilm, undergoes methanation and denitrification of organic matter, and is discharged as treated water.
[0015]
【Example】
(Example 1)
In the sewage treatment apparatus of FIG. 5, the filter bed 6 is formed of the contact material of the present invention of FIG. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the filter bed 6 was arranged so that large and small dish-shaped bodies were alternately arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions. Tables 1 and 2 show the specifications of the contact material and filter bed.
[0016]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003674022
[0017]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003674022
[0018]
The operating conditions are as shown in Table 3.
[0019]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003674022
[0020]
Table 4 shows the operation processing results.
[0021]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003674022
[0022]
The quality of the treated water obtained as shown in Table 4 was good.
[0023]
(Comparative Example 1)
In the sewage treatment apparatus of FIG. 5, the filter bed 6 was formed of the conventional contact material of FIG. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the filter bed 6 was arranged so that large and small dish-shaped bodies were alternately arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions. Tables 5 and 6 show the specifications of the contact material and the filter bed.
[0024]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003674022
[0025]
[Table 6]
Figure 0003674022
[0026]
The operating conditions are as shown in Table 7.
[0027]
[Table 7]
Figure 0003674022
[0028]
Table 8 shows the operation processing results.
[0029]
[Table 8]
Figure 0003674022
[0030]
The quality of the treated water obtained as shown in Table 8 is slightly inferior to that using the contact material of the present invention, although there is no practical problem.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the residence time of the sludge in an anaerobic bacteria tank can be lengthened, and the purification | cleaning capacity of the sewage by an anaerobic organism can be improved more.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a contact material showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a filter bed formed by connecting together the contact materials of the present invention.
4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG.
FIG. 5 is an example of a sewage treatment apparatus.
FIG. 6 is a conventional contact material.
7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 contact material, 2 large dish, 2a hole, 3 small dish,
4 sludge, 5 connecting materials, 6 filter bed, 7 anaerobic bacteria tank, 8 sedimentation basin,
9 Introduction pipe

Claims (3)

穴の開いた皿状体(A)と、該皿状体(A)よりも小径で穴の開いていない皿状体(B)とを連接材により繋ぎ並べ、皿状体(A)の穴は皿状体(B)の投影内にあり、皿状体(B)は前記投影と同方向からの皿状体(A)の投影内に入る大きさとしたことを特徴とする接触材。The dish-shaped body (A) having a hole and the dish-shaped body (B) having a diameter smaller than that of the dish-shaped body (A) and having no holes are connected to each other by a connecting material. Is in the projection of the dish-like body (B), and the dish-like body (B) is sized to enter the projection of the dish-like body (A) from the same direction as the projection. 請求項1に記載の接触材を内部に複数有し、水平方向断面において前記皿状体(A)と前記皿状体(B)とが交互に並ぶように該接触材を配置したことを特徴とする嫌気性菌槽。 A plurality of the contact materials according to claim 1 are provided therein, and the contact materials are arranged so that the dish-like bodies (A) and the dish-like bodies (B) are alternately arranged in a horizontal section. An anaerobic fungus tank. 請求項2に記載の嫌気性菌槽の接触材に嫌気性生物膜を付着させ上向流で汚水を通水して処理水を得ることを特徴とする汚水処理方法。A sewage treatment method comprising obtaining an effluent by attaching an anaerobic biofilm to the contact material of the anaerobic bacterium tank according to claim 2 and passing the sewage in an upward flow.
JP2410999A 1999-02-01 1999-02-01 Contact material, anaerobic bacteria tank and sewage treatment method Expired - Fee Related JP3674022B2 (en)

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JP3674022B2 true JP3674022B2 (en) 2005-07-20

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