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JP3677090B2 - Cavity filling material - Google Patents
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JP3677090B2 - Cavity filling material - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3677090B2
JP3677090B2 JP21417295A JP21417295A JP3677090B2 JP 3677090 B2 JP3677090 B2 JP 3677090B2 JP 21417295 A JP21417295 A JP 21417295A JP 21417295 A JP21417295 A JP 21417295A JP 3677090 B2 JP3677090 B2 JP 3677090B2
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Prior art keywords
liquid
cement
seawater
fly ash
amount
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JP21417295A
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JPH0948654A (en
Inventor
優 白坂
宣明 森下
雅朗 野口
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Taiheiyo Cement Corp
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Taiheiyo Cement Corp
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/24Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
    • C04B28/26Silicates of the alkali metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00663Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filling material for cavities or the like
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00732Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for soil stabilisation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、トンネル、橋台、擁壁、下水道管工事等に使用する空洞充填材料に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
シールド工法・トンネル工事をはじめとする、橋台、擁壁、下水道管等の施工では、構造物を安定に維持するために、土壌と構造物の間に空洞充填材料が注入される。これらの材料として、従来セメント系スラリー液が多く使用されてきたが、流動性を向上させる為に配合中の水分量を増加させるとブリージング率が著しく高くなり、注入材料は空洞上部に充填されにくい欠点があった。
【0003】
そこで最近では、流動性に優れるセメントスラリー液(A液)と珪酸ソーダ水溶液(B液)を注入直前に混合し、混合後ブリージングの生じない2液混合型の材料が多く使用されている。しかし、この2液混合型材料の作成水として、水道水や地下水、河川水等が使用され、海水は、例えば、特開平1−192912号に見られるように、モル比を限定した特殊な珪酸ソーダ水溶液を使用すると共に、可溶性アルカリ剤を添加して珪酸ソーダ水溶液と海水の反応を弱める等の特殊な方法が検討されているものの、通常は利用されていない。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
すなわち、海水は、B液の珪酸ソーダ水溶液と直ちに反応し、A液中のセメントとB液の珪酸ソーダ水溶液の反応を阻害し、A液とB液混合を混合してもゲル化し難く、その後の強度発現も小さくなる。
【0005】
したがって、この発明の目的は、多量且つ安価しかも容易に入手できる海水を使用して、良好な空洞充填特性を有する空洞充填材料を提供する事にある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明はフライアッシュとセメントの混合硬化材を、人工海水に混合したA液と珪酸ソーダ水溶液からなるB液の2液混合型空洞充填材に関して、種々の実験を鋭意検討した結果得られたものである。すなわち、この発明の空洞充填材によれば、平均粒径が10μm以下の分級したフライアッシュ、セメント、遅延剤、及び海水を配合したA液と、珪酸ソーダ水溶液からなるB液を混合してなること(請求項1)、 平均粒径が10μm以下の分級したフライアッシュとセメントとの重量比を8:2〜2:8、セメント量に対して遅延剤を0.5重量%以下、海水をセメントとフライアッシュとの合量に対して80重量%以上配合したA液と、珪酸ソーダ水溶液からなるB液とを、A液:B液=90:10〜80:20の体積比で混合してなること(請求項2)、平均粒径が10μm以下の分級したフライアッシュ、セメント、遅延剤、粘土鉱物、及び海水を配合したA液と、珪酸ソーダ水溶液からなるB液を混合してなること(請求項3)、平均粒径が10μm以下の分級したフライアッシュとセメントとの重量比を8:2〜2:8、セメント量に対して遅延剤を0.5重量%以下、海水をセメントとフライアッシュとの合量に対して80重量%以上、さらに粘土鉱物を1m3当たり5〜80kg以下で配合したA液と、珪酸ソーダ水溶液からなるB液とを、A液:B液=90:10〜80:20の体積比で混合してなること(請求項4)、粘土鉱物が含水珪酸マグネシウム質粘土鉱物であること(請求項5)、含水珪酸マグネシウム質粘土鉱物がアタペルジャイト及びセピオライトから選ばれる少なくとも1種であること(請求項6)、を特徴とする。以下、この発明を詳細に説明する。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
セメントとしては、各種ポルトランドセメント、特に普通及び早強ポルトランドセメントが好適に使用されるが、高炉セメント等の混合セメントを使用することもできる。また、フライアッシュとしては、石炭火力発電所から発生したものを空気分級機等により処理した平均粒径が10μm以下程度の分級品を使用することが好ましいが、発生灰原粉をそのまま使用する事も可能である。硬化材としてのフライアッシュとセメントの混合比は、重量比で、8:2〜2:8の割合とすることが好ましい。これは、セメントの混合比が8割より高くなると、後述する珪酸ソーダ水溶液と混合後の強度発現が著しく高く、注入性に劣る為に、又、フライアッシュとセメントの混合比で、8:2よりフライアッシュを増加させると、強度発現が少ない為にそれぞれ好ましくない。
【0008】
海水使用量としては、要求流動特性に応じて、セメントとフライアッシュとの合量に対して50重量%以上、好ましくは80重量%以上の適宜な量、好適には400重量%以下の範囲内で混合すれば良く、珪酸ソーダ水溶液混合後には全くブリージングは生じない。
【0009】
遅延剤はセメント量に対して0.5重量%以下の割合で配合する。遅延剤を配合する事により可使時間は大幅に改善されるが、0.5重量%を越えて添加しても効果が頭打ちになるばかりか、返って強度発現の低下をきたし好ましくない。したがって、遅延剤は可使時間要求特性に応じて、0.5重量%以内で配合するが、これが0.1を下回ると、添加効果が少なく好ましくない。遅延剤としては、グルコン酸系、クエン酸系、オキシカルボン酸系、有機リン系、スルホン酸系等各種の遅延剤を使用することができる。
【0010】
上述したフライアッシュ、セメント、遅延剤、及び海水からなるA液と珪酸ソーダ水溶液Bの混合量は、A液:B液=90:10〜80:20として用いる。珪酸ソーダ水溶液Bの混合量がこの範囲より少ない場合にはゲル化し難く、また、逆にこの範囲より混合量を多くすると強度が極端に弱くなる為に、それぞれ好ましくない。珪酸ソーダ水溶液としては、JIS K1408によって規定される2号、3号は勿論の事、SiO2 量が20〜40%、Na2 O量が3〜20%程度の珪酸ソーダ水溶液が好適に使用される。
【0011】
次にこの発明は、A液に粘土鉱物を追加して用いることができる。粘土鉱物としては、アタペルジャイト、セピオライト等が好適に使用され、これを1m3 当たり5〜80kgの範囲で配合する。5kgより少ないと配合効果があまり無く、また、80kgより多く配合すると流動性が悪化する為好ましくない。尚、ベントナイトでは、海水中で増粘性を発揮しない為に好ましくない。
【0012】
以上説明したこの発明の空洞充填材料は、上記材料の適切な選定、配合、及びこれらの相乗効果作用によって、海水の使用を可能にすると共に、ブリージング率の少ない、強度の優れた空洞充填材料とすることができるものであり、以下、さらに説明する。
【0013】
この発明の空洞充填材料において、A液中のセメントとB液の珪酸ソーダ水溶液が反応して、直ちにゲル化する為に短期強度が得られる。しかし、A液作成水として海水を使用することにより、A液とB液を混合後、セメントと珪酸ソーダ水溶液が反応するより早く海水と珪酸ソーダ水溶液でゲルを形成する。したがって、B液の珪酸ソーダ水溶液は先ず海水との反応に使用され、その残りの量がセメントとの反応に使用されることになる。この海水と珪酸ソーダ水溶液とによって形成したゲルは、セメントと珪酸ソーダ水溶液とによって形成されるゲルとは異なり、粒状で極めて弱いゲルであり、混合後の溶液の流動性に殆ど影響を及ぼさない。すなわち、A液作成水として海水を使用する場合には、通常の水を使用する場合よりもB液の混合量を増加、即ち、海水との反応分とセメントとのゲル化反応分の合計量を使用すれば良好な結果が得られる。
【0014】
次にA液スラリー作成に多量の海水を使用すると、当然A液の流動性は向上するが、A液のブリージング率も増加する。しかし2液性混合空洞充填材料では、A液とB液混合後にはブリージングが全く無くなるから、A液のブリージング率は、あまり問題にする必要はなく、圧送中の材料分離の発生が防止できる程度のものであれば良い。このためのブリージング率を下げる為に、粘土鉱物を適当量配合する方法が有効である。使用できる粘土鉱物としては、アタペルジャイト、セピオライト等であり、これらの材料は、繊維状構造の形態、或いは、その反応性に富む水酸基を有する為に、Naの吸蔵、固定能力に富み、海水中で増粘効果を発揮する。しかし、ベントナイト等の粘土鉱物では、材料中のナトリウムイオンが、海水中のカルシウムイオンとイオン交換反応を起こす為に、これによって膨潤性が失われるので好ましくない。
【0015】
またフライアッシュの配合、特に、セメント粒子よりも形状が細かい平均粒径10μm以下程度の分級フライアッシュを配合すると、微粉末効果によりフライアッシュがセメント粒子に入り込む為にブリージング率は少なくなる。一方、フライアッシュは分級品、原粉品に係わらず、緩慢なポゾラン反応性を有し、海水の存在下ではエトリンガイトの生成が早まり、短期強度発現、ブリージング率低減に、また3ヵ月材令以降の長期材令の強度発現に寄与し、好適に配合されるものである。
【0016】
【実施例】
以下、実験例に基づき更にこの発明を説明する。実験例で使用した材料一覧を表1に示す。尚、人工海水は、ハイペット社製の海産生物飼育用の人工海水、スウイングハイマリン(商品名)を用いて調整し、また、珪酸ソーダ水溶液は愛知珪酸工業社製SP−90(商品名)を用いた。
【0017】
【表1】

Figure 0003677090
【0018】
▲1▼硬化材に対する人工海水量
硬化材比をセメント:フライアッシュ=3:7、セメント量に対する遅延剤量を0.5%一定として、人工海水/硬化材比とフロー値との関係を求めた。フロー値は、表2に示す各種の空洞充填材料のA液を試作し、KODAN 305法によるフロー値試験を行って求めた。結果を表2に併せて示す。表2において、人工海水/硬化材比が40%であるNo.1では、作成スラリーの粘性が高く均一に混練できないのに対し、人工海水/硬化材比が60%以上であるNo.2〜5、特に人工海水/硬化材比が80%以上であるNo.3〜5では、良好なフロー値が得られた。
【0019】
【表2】
Figure 0003677090
【0020】
▲2▼セメント量に対する遅延剤量
硬化材比がセメント:フライアッシュ=3:7、人工海水/硬化材比を120%一定として、セメント量に対する遅延剤量と可使時間との関係を求めた。可使時間は、表3に示す各種の空洞充填材料のA液を試作し、このスラリー液500mlを、ビニール袋(10cm×40cm)に入れ、上部を閉じ、上下運動を繰り返しても、スラリー液が均一に混合できなくなる時間を測定した。その結果、遅延剤を配合していないNo.6の可使時間は8時間、遅延剤を0.2%配合したNo.7の可使時間は1日、遅延剤を0.5%配合したNo.8の可使時間は1日以上となり、遅延剤量は、0.5%以下で十分であることがわかる。
【0021】
【表3】
Figure 0003677090
【0022】
▲3▼硬化材の混合比
人工海水/硬化材比を120%、セメント量に対する遅延剤量を0.5%一定として、硬化材の混合比と15分後の変形係数との関係を求めた。試験は、表4に示す各種の空洞充填材料のA液とB液を混合し、直径5cm、高さ10cmの円柱供試体を作成し、30分後に、土質工学会 JSF T511による変形係数を測定した。結果を表4に併せて示す。表4において、硬化材混合比;セメント:フライアッシュ=5:5であるNo.10では、30分後でも変形係数が低くゲル化後の注入性に優れる事がわかるが、硬化材としてフライアッシュ単味を使用するNo.9では、B液と混合してもゲル化しない為に、また硬化材としてセメント単味を使用するNo.11では、30分後の変形係数が著しく高くなり注入性に劣る為に、好ましくないことがわかる。
【0023】
【表4】
Figure 0003677090
【0024】
▲4▼増粘材配合量
人工海水/硬化材比を120%、セメント量に対する遅延剤量を0.5%一定として、各種フライアッシュ、各種増粘材を使用した場合のA液ブリージング率、フロー値への影響を調査した。表5に示す各種の空洞充填材料のA液を試作し、A液の1時間後のブリージング率、及び、KODAN 305法によるフロー値試験を行った。結果を表5に併せて示す。表5において、硬化材のフライアッシュに平均粒径7μmの分級品を使用したNo.12、13では、アタペルジャイトを配合しない、或いは、僅かにしか配合していないにも係わらず、A液のブリージング率、フロー値とも良好な結果を示した。
【0025】
これに対し、硬化材のフライアッシュにJIS品を使用する場合、増粘材を配合していないNo.14では、A液のブリージング率が著しく悪化する為に好ましくないが、アタペルジャイトを1m3 当たり70kg配合するNo.15では、ややフロー値は低下するものの、ブリージング率が著しく改善されている事がわかる。しかし、アタペルジャイトを1m3 当たり100kg配合するNo.16では、フロー値が著しく悪化する為に、又、増粘材としてベントナイトを使用したNo.17では、ブリージング率があまり改善されない為に好ましくない事がわかる。
【0026】
【表5】
Figure 0003677090
【0027】
▲5▼珪酸ソーダ水溶液混合量
人工海水/硬化材比を120%、セメント量に対する遅延剤量を0.5%、硬化材混合比をセメント:フライアッシュ=3:7、一定として、B液珪酸ソーダ水溶液混合量とゲルタイム、7日材令圧縮強度との関係を求めた。試験は、表6に示す各種の空洞充填材料のA液とB液を混合し、直径5cm、高さ10cmの円柱供試体を作成し、7日間、20℃水中養生し、その後、土質工学会 JSF T511による一軸圧縮強度を測定した。尚、カップ倒立法によりA液とB液のゲル化タイムも測定した。結果を表6に示す。
【0028】
【表6】
Figure 0003677090
【0029】
表6において、A液作成水として水道水を使用し、B液/A液混合比が5%であるNo.18では、良好な結果が得られるが、A液作成水として人工海水を使用するNo.19では、60秒後にはゲル化せず7日後の強度も著しく低い為に好ましくない事がわかる。しかし、人工海水を使用する場合でも、B液/A液混合比が20%であるNo.20では、良好な結果が得られている。但し、B液/A液混合比が25%であるNo.21では、7日後の強度が著しく低くなる為好ましくない事がわかる。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
以上説明してきたように、この発明空洞充填材料は、多量且つ安価しかも容易に入手できる海水を使用しているにも係わらず、強度発現性、注入性に優れ、トンネル工事等の空洞充填材料として好適に使用できるものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cavity filling material used for tunnels, abutments, retaining walls, sewer pipe construction, and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the construction of abutments, retaining walls, sewer pipes, etc., including shield construction and tunnel construction, a cavity filling material is injected between the soil and the structure in order to maintain the structure stably. Conventionally, many cement-based slurry liquids have been used as these materials. However, if the amount of water in the blend is increased in order to improve fluidity, the breathing rate becomes remarkably high, and the injected material is difficult to fill the upper part of the cavity. There were drawbacks.
[0003]
Therefore, recently, a cement slurry liquid (liquid A) excellent in fluidity and a sodium silicate aqueous solution (liquid B) are mixed immediately before injection, and a two-liquid mixed type material that does not cause breathing after mixing is often used. However, tap water, ground water, river water, and the like are used as water for preparing the two-component mixed material, and seawater is a special silicic acid with a limited molar ratio as seen in, for example, JP-A-1-192912. Although special methods such as using a soda aqueous solution and adding a soluble alkaline agent to weaken the reaction between the sodium silicate aqueous solution and seawater have been studied, they are not usually used.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
That is, seawater reacts immediately with the B solution sodium silicate aqueous solution, inhibits the reaction between the cement in the A solution and the B solution sodium silicate aqueous solution, and hardly mixes with the mixture of the A solution and the B solution. The strength expression is also reduced.
[0005]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a cavity-filling material having good cavity-filling characteristics using seawater that is available in a large amount, at low cost, and easily.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
This invention was obtained as a result of diligent research on various two-component mixed cavity fillers consisting of liquid A and sodium silicate aqueous solution mixed with fly ash and cement mixed hardener in artificial seawater. It is. That is, according to the hollow filler of the present invention, the liquid A containing the classified fly ash, cement, retarder, and seawater having an average particle size of 10 μm or less is mixed with the liquid B made of sodium silicate aqueous solution. (Claim 1), the weight ratio of classified fly ash having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less and cement is 8: 2 to 2: 8, the retarder is 0.5 wt% or less with respect to the cement amount, and the seawater A liquid A blended at 80 % by weight or more with respect to the total amount of cement and fly ash and B liquid made of sodium silicate aqueous solution were mixed at a volume ratio of A liquid: B liquid = 90: 10 to 80:20. (Claim 2), A liquid mixed with classified fly ash, cement, retarder, clay mineral, and seawater with an average particle size of 10 μm or less , and B liquid composed of sodium silicate aqueous solution it (claim 3), Rights The weight ratio of fly ash and cement particle size is less classifying 10μm 8: 2~2: 8, 0.5 wt% of retarder based on cement weight or less, the seawater between the cement and the fly ash total amount The liquid A containing 80 wt% or more and further 5 to 80 kg or less of clay mineral per 1 m 3 and the liquid B composed of a sodium silicate aqueous solution are liquid A: liquid B = 90: 10-80: 20 Mixed by volume ratio (Claim 4), the clay mineral is a hydrous magnesium silicate clay mineral (Claim 5), and the hydrous magnesium silicate clay mineral is at least one selected from attapergite and sepiolite. (Claim 6). Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As the cement, various Portland cements, particularly ordinary and early-strength Portland cements, are preferably used, but mixed cements such as blast furnace cements can also be used. In addition, as fly ash, it is preferable to use a classified product having an average particle size of about 10 μm or less obtained by treating what is generated from a coal-fired power plant with an air classifier or the like, but the generated ash raw powder should be used as it is. Is also possible. The mixing ratio of fly ash and cement as a hardener is preferably 8: 2 to 2: 8 by weight. This is because when the mixing ratio of cement is higher than 80%, the strength expression after mixing with a sodium silicate aqueous solution described later is remarkably high and the injectability is poor, and the mixing ratio of fly ash and cement is 8: 2. When fly ash is further increased, the strength expression is small, which is not preferable.
[0008]
The amount of seawater used is within a range of 50% by weight or more, preferably 80% by weight or more, preferably 400% by weight or less, based on the total amount of cement and fly ash, depending on the required flow characteristics. And no breathing occurs after mixing with the aqueous sodium silicate solution.
[0009]
The retarder is blended at a ratio of 0.5% by weight or less with respect to the cement amount. By adding a retarder, the pot life is greatly improved. However, the addition of more than 0.5% by weight is not preferable because not only the effect reaches a limit, but also the strength is lowered. Accordingly, the retarder is blended within 0.5% by weight depending on the required working time characteristics. However, if it is less than 0.1, the addition effect is small and not preferable. As the retarder, various retarders such as gluconic acid, citric acid, oxycarboxylic acid, organic phosphorus, and sulfonic acid can be used.
[0010]
The mixing amount of the liquid A and the sodium silicate aqueous solution B composed of fly ash, cement, retarder, and seawater described above is used as liquid A: liquid B = 90: 10 to 80:20. When the mixing amount of the sodium silicate aqueous solution B is less than this range, gelation is difficult, and conversely, if the mixing amount is larger than this range, the strength becomes extremely weak. As the sodium silicate aqueous solution, sodium silicate aqueous solution having a SiO2 content of about 20 to 40% and a Na2 O content of about 3 to 20%, as well as Nos. 2 and 3 defined by JIS K1408, is preferably used.
[0011]
Next, the present invention can be used by adding clay mineral to the liquid A. As the clay mineral, attapergite, sepiolite and the like are preferably used, and this is blended in the range of 5 to 80 kg per 1 m 3 . If it is less than 5 kg, the blending effect is not so much, and if it is blended more than 80 kg, the fluidity deteriorates, which is not preferable. Bentonite is not preferable because it does not exhibit thickening in seawater.
[0012]
The above-described cavity filling material of the present invention enables the use of seawater by the appropriate selection, blending, and synergistic action of the above materials, and has a low breathing rate and an excellent strength. This will be further described below.
[0013]
In the cavity filling material of the present invention, the cement in the liquid A and the sodium silicate aqueous solution in the liquid B react and immediately gel, so that short-term strength is obtained. However, by using seawater as the liquid A preparation water, after mixing the liquid A and the liquid B, a gel is formed with the seawater and the sodium silicate aqueous solution before the cement and the sodium silicate aqueous solution react. Therefore, the aqueous solution B of sodium silicate is first used for reaction with seawater, and the remaining amount is used for reaction with cement. Unlike the gel formed by cement and sodium silicate aqueous solution, the gel formed by seawater and sodium silicate aqueous solution is a granular and extremely weak gel and hardly affects the fluidity of the mixed solution. That is, when seawater is used as the liquid A preparation water, the mixing amount of the liquid B is increased as compared with the case of using normal water, that is, the total amount of the gelation reaction between the reaction with seawater and the cement. Good results can be obtained using.
[0014]
Next, when a large amount of seawater is used for preparing the A liquid slurry, the fluidity of the A liquid is naturally improved, but the breathing rate of the A liquid is also increased. However, in the case of the two-component mixed cavity filling material, no breathing occurs after mixing of the liquid A and the liquid B, so the breathing rate of the liquid A does not have to be a serious problem and can prevent material separation during pumping. If it is a thing. In order to lower the breathing rate for this purpose, a method of blending an appropriate amount of clay mineral is effective. Clay minerals that can be used are attapergite, sepiolite, etc. These materials have a fibrous structure, or a hydroxyl group rich in reactivity, so they have a high ability to occlude and fix Na, and in seawater. Demonstrates thickening effect. However, a clay mineral such as bentonite is not preferable because sodium ions in the material cause an ion exchange reaction with calcium ions in seawater, which causes loss of swelling.
[0015]
In addition, when fly ash is blended, particularly when classified fly ash having an average particle size of about 10 μm or less which is finer than cement particles is blended, the fly ash enters the cement particles due to the fine powder effect, so the breathing rate decreases. Fly ash, on the other hand, has a slow pozzolanic reactivity, regardless of whether it is a classified product or a raw flour product. In the presence of seawater, ettringite formation is accelerated, short-term strength is manifested, and the breathing rate is reduced. This contributes to the development of the strength of the long-term material age and is suitably blended.
[0016]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described based on experimental examples. Table 1 shows a list of materials used in the experimental examples. Artificial seawater is prepared using artificial seawater for breeding sea products made by Hypet Co., Ltd., Swing Hymarin (trade name), and a sodium silicate aqueous solution is SP-90 (trade name) made by Aichi Silicate Industry Co., Ltd. Was used.
[0017]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003677090
[0018]
(1) Artificial seawater amount to hardened material The ratio of hardened material to cement: fly ash = 3: 7, and the retarder amount to cement amount to 0.5% is constant, and the relationship between the artificial seawater / hardener ratio and flow value is obtained. It was. The flow value was obtained by making a trial manufacture of liquid A of various cavity filling materials shown in Table 2, and conducting a flow value test by the KODAN 305 method. The results are also shown in Table 2. In Table 2, the artificial seawater / hardening material ratio is 40%. In No. 1, the prepared slurry has a high viscosity and cannot be uniformly kneaded, whereas the artificial seawater / hardening material ratio is 60% or more. No. 2-5, especially artificial seawater / hardener ratio is 80% or more. In 3 to 5, good flow values were obtained.
[0019]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003677090
[0020]
(2) The ratio of retarder amount to cement amount is cement: fly ash = 3: 7, and the ratio of artificial seawater / hardener is 120% constant. . The pot life can be obtained by making trial manufacture of various liquid A filling materials shown in Table 3 and placing 500 ml of this slurry in a plastic bag (10 cm x 40 cm), closing the top and repeating the vertical movement. Was measured for the time during which mixing was impossible. As a result, no. The pot life of No. 6 was 8 hours, and No. 6 containing 0.2% retarder was added. The pot life of No. 7 was 1 day, No. 7 containing 0.5% retarder. It can be seen that the pot life of No. 8 is 1 day or more, and the retarder amount is 0.5% or less.
[0021]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003677090
[0022]
(3) Mixing ratio of hardeners The artificial seawater / hardener ratio was 120%, the amount of retarder relative to the cement amount was constant 0.5%, and the relationship between the hardener mix ratio and the deformation coefficient after 15 minutes was determined. . In the test, A and B liquids of various cavity filling materials shown in Table 4 were mixed to prepare a cylindrical specimen having a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 10 cm, and after 30 minutes, the deformation coefficient was measured by JSF T511 did. The results are also shown in Table 4. In Table 4, the mixing ratio of the hardener: cement: fly ash = 5: 5 No. 10 shows that even after 30 minutes, the deformation coefficient is low and the injectability after gelation is excellent. In No. 9, since no gelation occurs even when mixed with B liquid, No. 9 which uses cement as a hardener is used. No. 11 is not preferable because the deformation coefficient after 30 minutes is extremely high and the injectability is poor.
[0023]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003677090
[0024]
(4) Thickener blending amount Artificial seawater / hardening agent ratio is 120%, retarder amount with respect to cement amount is 0.5% constant, and various fly ash and various thickeners are used. The effect on flow value was investigated. A liquid A of various cavity filling materials shown in Table 5 was made as a prototype, and a breathing rate after 1 hour of the liquid A and a flow value test by the KODAN 305 method were performed. The results are also shown in Table 5. In Table 5, No. 1 in which a classified product having an average particle diameter of 7 μm was used for the fly ash of the cured material. Nos. 12 and 13 showed good results for the breathing rate and flow value of the liquid A, although no attapergite was blended or only a small amount was blended.
[0025]
On the other hand, when using a JIS product for the fly ash of a hardening material, No. which does not mix | blend a thickener. No. 14 is not preferable because the breathing rate of the liquid A is remarkably deteriorated, but No. 14 containing 70 kg of attapergite per 1 m 3 . 15 shows that although the flow value is slightly lowered, the breathing rate is remarkably improved. However, No. containing 100 kg of attapergite per 1 m 3 . In No. 16, since the flow value was remarkably deteriorated, No. 16 using bentonite as a thickener was used. No. 17 is not preferable because the breathing rate is not improved so much.
[0026]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003677090
[0027]
(5) Sodium silicate aqueous solution mixing amount Artificial seawater / hardening agent ratio is 120%, retarder amount with respect to cement amount is 0.5%, hardening agent mixing ratio is cement: fly ash = 3: 7, constant B liquid silicic acid The relationship between the soda aqueous solution mixing amount, gel time, and 7-day age compressive strength was determined. In the test, A and B liquids of various cavity filling materials shown in Table 6 were mixed to prepare a cylindrical specimen having a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 10 cm, and was cured in water at 20 ° C. for 7 days. The uniaxial compressive strength according to JSF T511 was measured. In addition, the gelation time of A liquid and B liquid was also measured by the cup inversion method. The results are shown in Table 6.
[0028]
[Table 6]
Figure 0003677090
[0029]
In Table 6, a tap water is used as A liquid preparation water, and B liquid / A liquid mixing ratio is 5%. In No. 18, although a good result is obtained, No. 18 which uses artificial seawater as A liquid preparation water. No. 19 is not preferable because it does not gel after 60 seconds and the strength after 7 days is extremely low. However, even when artificial seawater is used, the No. B liquid / A liquid mixture ratio is 20%. In 20, good results are obtained. However, the No. B liquid / A liquid mixture ratio is 25%. No. 21 is not preferable because the strength after 7 days is remarkably lowered.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention cavity filling material is excellent in strength development and injectability despite the use of seawater that is available in large quantities, at low cost, and is easily used as a cavity filling material for tunnel construction and the like. It can be used suitably.

Claims (6)

平均粒径が10μm以下の分級したフライアッシュ、セメント、遅延剤、及び海水を配合したA液と、珪酸ソーダ水溶液からなるB液を混合してなることを特徴とする空洞充填材料。A cavity-filling material obtained by mixing a liquid A containing fly ash, cement, retarder, and seawater with an average particle size of 10 μm or less and a liquid B composed of a sodium silicate aqueous solution. 平均粒径が10μm以下の分級したフライアッシュとセメントとの重量比を8:2〜2:8、セメント量に対して遅延剤を0.5重量%以下、海水をセメントとフライアッシュとの合量に対して80重量%以上配合したA液と、珪酸ソーダ水溶液からなるB液とを、A液:B液=90:10〜80:20の体積比で混合してなることを特徴とする空洞充填材料。Weight ratio of classified fly ash with a mean particle size of 10 μm or less to cement is 8: 2 to 2: 8, retarder is 0.5% by weight or less with respect to the amount of cement, seawater is a combination of cement and fly ash It is characterized by mixing A liquid blended at 80 % by weight or more with respect to the amount and B liquid made of sodium silicate aqueous solution at a volume ratio of A liquid: B liquid = 90: 10 to 80:20. Cavity filling material. 平均粒径が10μm以下の分級したフライアッシュ、セメント、遅延剤、粘土鉱物、及び海水を配合したA液と、珪酸ソーダ水溶液からなるB液を混合してなることを特徴とする空洞充填材料。A cavity-filling material comprising a mixture of a liquid A containing a mixture of fly ash, cement, retarder, clay mineral, and seawater having an average particle size of 10 μm or less , and a liquid B composed of a sodium silicate aqueous solution. 平均粒径が10μm以下の分級したフライアッシュとセメントとの重量比を8:2〜2:8、セメント量に対して遅延剤を0.5重量%以下、海水をセメントとフライアッシュとの合量に対して80重量%以上、さらに粘土鉱物を1m3当たり5〜80kg以下で配合したA液と、珪酸ソーダ水溶液からなるB液とを、A液:B液=90:10〜80:20の体積比で混合してなることを特徴とする空洞充填材料。Weight ratio of classified fly ash with a mean particle size of 10 μm or less to cement is 8: 2 to 2: 8, retarder is 0.5% by weight or less with respect to the amount of cement, seawater is a combination of cement and fly ash 80 % by weight or more with respect to the amount, liquid A containing 5 to 80 kg or less of clay mineral per 1 m 3, and liquid B consisting of sodium silicate aqueous solution, liquid A: liquid B = 90: 10 to 80:20 A cavity filling material characterized by being mixed at a volume ratio of 粘土鉱物が含水珪酸マグネシウム質粘土鉱物であることを特徴とする請求項3若しくは4記載の空洞充填材料。  5. The cavity filling material according to claim 3, wherein the clay mineral is a hydrous magnesium silicate clay mineral. 含水珪酸マグネシウム質粘土鉱物がアタペルジャイト及びセピオライトから選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項5記載の空洞充填材料。  The cavity-filling material according to claim 5, wherein the hydrous magnesium silicate clay mineral is at least one selected from attapergite and sepiolite.
JP21417295A 1995-07-31 1995-07-31 Cavity filling material Expired - Fee Related JP3677090B2 (en)

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WO2017082651A1 (en) * 2015-11-13 2017-05-18 강범형 Flame retardant particle, manufacturing method therefor, and flame retardant styrofoam using same
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