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JP3679439B2 - Alloy for glass molding mold and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
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JP3679439B2 - Alloy for glass molding mold and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Alloy for glass molding mold and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3679439B2
JP3679439B2 JP03076895A JP3076895A JP3679439B2 JP 3679439 B2 JP3679439 B2 JP 3679439B2 JP 03076895 A JP03076895 A JP 03076895A JP 3076895 A JP3076895 A JP 3076895A JP 3679439 B2 JP3679439 B2 JP 3679439B2
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Prior art keywords
mold
alloy
phase
glass
strength
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JPH08225904A (en
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藤 道 雄 遠
口 裕 一 谷
藤 広 治 赤
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y02P40/57Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates

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  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、溶融ガラスを成形用金型に挿入して成形するガラス成形用金型であり、高温強度が高い無塗油金型に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ガラス成形用金型は、一般に鋳鉄、耐熱鋼等により製造されているが、これらの材質からなるガラス成形用金型は、高温の溶融したガラスが挿入され、金型表面に接触した際に、ガラスと金型表面が反応するために製品の型離れが悪く、かつガラスの表面性状を悪化させる。
【0003】
このため、ガラス成形用金型の表面に黒鉛を主体にした油性の離型剤を塗布しながら操業することが、通例となっている。しかし、この離型剤は、塗油後燃焼して作業環境を悪化させたり、ガラス表面に黒鉛が付着することによる品質低下の原因になっているので、離型剤を使用しない、いわゆる無塗油化が、強く望まれている。
【0004】
本発明者らは、既に、特開昭64−73034号公報において、酸化雰囲気中で熱処理することにより、合金表面にアルミナ皮膜が生成する耐高温酸化性に優れた高温用合金を開示している。次いで、特願平4−171020号公報においてガラス成形用金型としての要件を満たすための合金、すなわち熱伝導率が良く、高温硬度が高く、耐食性に優れ、かつ生成したアルミナ皮膜が強固である合金を提案した。しかしながら、この合金においても長時間の連続使用で金型表面の肌あれやガラス成形時に製品面にシワ欠陥が発生することがあり、メンテナンスフリーの安定した金型としては十分ではない。
【0005】
ガラスの成形は、1000℃以上の溶融ガラスを切り落とし、樋に導かれて金型に高速で挿入され、ブローあるいはプレス工程により溶融ガラスを金型表面に密着させることにより抜熱され、成形を完了する。すなわち、金型表面、特に粗型では溶融ガラスとの化学反応もさることながら、溶融ガラスの突入時の機械的および熱的衝撃をも受けるのである。現行工程における離型剤塗油は溶融ガラスと金型表面での化学反応を防止し、型離れを良くするためのものであるが、同時に潤滑、金型の冷却や熱的緩衝の効果もかねている。
【0006】
したがって、塗油工程を経て使用される従来金型に比べて、無塗油金型は材質的にも厳しい条件が要求される。特に無塗油操業下では、溶融ガラスが直接接触するために金型表面がより高温になることは避けられず、溶融ガラスの突入時の機械的衝撃が繰り返されても耐え得る材質、すなわち高い高温強度を確保することが重要である。特に、これまでに本発明者らが無塗油金型用として提案している合金は、FeとCuの2相に分離した金属組織を持っており、Fe相の強化と共にFeに比べて強化が難しいCu相の強化が必須になる。
【0007】
一般的に、金属の強度を高めるには固溶あるいは析出による強化が考えられる。しかし、無塗油金型材としての特性を損なわずにCu相の高温硬度を高めようとすると、自ずと制約される。例えば、CuにAl、TiやNi等の元素をそれぞれ単独で固溶させると常温では強度が高まるが、500℃以上での強度は低い。また、Cu中に析出する元素、例えばZr、Cr、Be、P等は、微細析出と転位の相互作用により固溶したときと同様に常温での強化作用は著しいが、300℃以上ではその作用が発揮されないことと、またCu中への再固溶が起こるために効果が低下してしまう。
【0008】
本発明者らは、種々検討を重ねた結果、上述したような強化方法とは異なり、高温においても固溶や分解を起こさず、かつ高い強度を維持するものとして金属間化合物に着目したのである。金属間化合物は極めて高い硬度を持つが故に、単体では非常に脆い材料であるが、展延性に優れた物質の中に、適度な大きさで分散させれば脆性は問題にならずに相の強化に効果があるはずである。
【0009】
本発明者らは、既に提案している金型材組成には、アルミナ皮膜を自己生成させるためにAlが含有されているので、そのAlを利用してCu相内にAl基金属間化合物を含む硬質相が分散生成出来ないかと考えた。Al基金属間化合物には多くの種類があるが、元素の選定は無塗油金型の生命であるアルミナ皮膜の生成や特性に悪影響を及ぼさないことが重要である。そして、選定元素がCu相の凝固点から500℃の間でCu相における固溶度に差があって、高温での強化に有効であること、また溶解度がないものでもCu相に分散析出する元素を見い出した。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、前述した金型に関する諸問題を解決するためのものであって、離型剤塗油作業が不要であり、連続使用時における金型表面の肌あれを防止し、かつ製品面のシワの発生を防止することを目的とする。
本発明者らは、ガラス成形用金型として適する合金の検討、実機テストを繰り返し行ってきた。その結果、以下の組成および製造方法が高温硬度が高く無塗油を達成するガラス成形用金型として極めて優れていることを見い出した。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、下記の事項をその要旨としている。すなわち、
(1) 重量比で、Cu:20〜60%、Al:4〜12%、Cr:4〜20%、残部Feおよび不可避的元素からなるCu−Al−Cr−Feをベースにして、さらにNi:Al%×1〜5、Ti:Al%×0.5〜2、V:Al%×0.2〜1、Zr:Al%×0.1〜0.3、Nb:Al%×0.1〜0.3のうちの2種以上の組成からなり、Al基金属間化合物を含む硬質相が晶出または析出していることを特徴とする、ガラス成形金型用合金。
(2) 重量比で、Cu:20〜60%、Al:4〜12%、Cr:4〜20%、残部Feおよび不可避的元素からなるCu−Al−Cr−Feをベースにして、さらにNi:Al%×1〜5、Ti:Al%×0.5〜2、V:Al%×0.2〜1、Zr:Al%×0.1〜0.3、Nb:Al%×0.1〜0.3のうちの2種以上及び希土類元素の1種または2種以上を0.02〜1.0%の組成からなり、Al基金属間化合物を含む硬質相が晶出または析出していることを特徴とする、ガラス成形金型用合金。
(3) 前記(1)および(2)の金型合金の鋳込み作業において、溶湯を鋳型に注湯した後、凝固開始温度から500℃までを毎分10℃以下の冷却速度で徐冷することを特徴とするガラス成形金型用合金の製造方法。
【0012】
以下に、本発明を詳細に説明する。
まず、上記合金組成の限定理由について述べる。
【0013】
〔Cu:20〜60wt%〕Cuは金型の熱伝導率を決定する元素で、ガラス成形の操業条件や金型の使用部位から含有量が決まる。例えば、ガラスビンのネジ部を成形するための金型は溶融ガラスからの抜熱量を高めるために、Cu含有量の高い組成のものが使用される。一方、金型の強度は本発明の高温強度の改善策を講じてもなお、Cuの含有量とともに強度が低下するので、要求される特性から60%以上では、強度不足になり、20%以下では熱伝導率向上の効果がなくなる。
【0014】
〔Al:4〜12wt%〕AlはFeおよびCu相にほぼ同等に固溶し、金型表面にアルミナ皮膜を形成させ、離型剤の役割を果たすとともに、金属間化合物を含む硬質相を生成させて、高温強度を高めるために最も重要な元素である。金型成形後、酸化雰囲気加熱により表面にアルミナ皮膜を形成させるにはAl量は4%以上が必要であり、Cu相のAl固溶限の10%までFe相およびCu相とも均一で、緻密な皮膜が形成される。11%を超えるとCu相にはβ相が晶出し極端に脆くなる。一方、上述したように鋳造時に金属間化合物を含む硬質相を生成させるために添加量の一部が消費されるので、下限が4%であり、上限は12%に限定される。
【0015】
〔Cr:4〜20wt%〕CrはFe相にのみ固溶する元素で、Fe相の耐食性を高め、かつFe相の高温強度を高める。また、Fe相の上にアルミナ皮膜を形成する際に、加熱初期にCr酸化皮膜を生成させて、その後に出来るアルミナ皮膜の密着性を高める効果を持つ。Crが4%以下ではこれらの効果が発揮されず20%以上では効果が飽和する。
【0016】
〔Ni:Alwt%×1〜5〕NiはFeおよびCu相に全率固溶し、AlNiの金属間化合物を生成して高温強度を高めるための元素である。AlNiはAl:Niが25〜35:65〜75で結合した化合物であるが、CuおよびFeの混合した合金では溶湯中に存在するAlとNiのうち、総含有量の20%程度が晶出するにすぎない。したがって、Niの含有量はAl含有量の1倍以下ではAlNiの晶出がわずかで強度増の効果が少なく、また5倍以上では強度増が頭打ちになる。
【0017】
〔Ti:Alwt%×0.5〜2〕TiはFeおよびCu相に同等に一定の範囲で固溶し、AlTiの金属間化合物を生成して強度を高めるための元素である。AlTiはAl:Tiが35〜40:65〜60で結合した化合物であるが、CuおよびFeの混合した合金では、溶湯中に存在するAlとTiのうち、総含有量の15%が晶出するに過ぎない。したがって、Tiの含有量はAl含有量の0.5倍以下ではAlTiの晶出がわずかで強度増の効果が少なく、また2倍以上では強度増が頭打ちになる。
【0018】
〔V:Alwt%×0.2〜1〕VはCu相にはわずかに固溶し、AlVの金属間化合物を生成させて強度を高めるための元素である。AlVはAl:Vが75:25で結合した化合物であるが、晶出形態はNiやTiと異なりCu相中には網の目状に析出する。編み目のサイズはV含有量によらないので、NiやTiにくらべて少量でCu相の強化が飽和する。したがって、VはAl含有量の0.2倍以上で効果が現れ、1倍以上ではFe相の境界への析出が多くなり、合金の脆化が起こる。
【0019】
〔Zr:Alwt%×0.1〜0.3〕ZrはFe相にのみ固溶し、Cu相にはほとんど固溶せず、Alとの間でAlZrの金属間化合物を生成させて強度を高めるための元素である。AlZrはAl:Zrが47:53で結合した化合物であるが、晶出形態はNiやTiと異なりCu相中に網の目状に晶出する。この場合硬質相は完全なAlZrではなく、Alを固溶したZrである。ZrはFe相へ固溶できるにも関わらず僅かな添加量でCu相中への晶出量が多く、Al含有量の0.1倍以上で効果があり、晶出量が多くなると合金の脆化が著しいので0.3倍までの範囲とした。
【0020】
〔Nb:Alwt%×0.1〜0.3〕NbはFe相にもCu相にも極僅かしか固溶せず、微量でAlNbを生成させて高温強度を高めるための元素である。AlNbはAl:Nbが46:54で結合した化合物であるが、晶出形態はZrと同様にCu相中には島状に粗く晶出する。ここでもZrの場合と同様に晶出した硬質相は完全なAlNbではなく、Alを固溶したNbである。NbはAl含有量の0.1倍以上で効果があり、晶出量が多くなると合金の脆化が著しいので0.3倍までを上限とした。
【0021】
〔希土類元素の1種または2種以上:0.02〜1.0wt%〕Ce、La等の希土類元素はアルミナ皮膜の安定を図り、特に耐剥離性を高めて、機械的熱的衝撃等による皮膜の剥離を防止する効果がある。このためには0.02%以上が必要であり、1%を超えると高温でのアルミナ皮膜の耐熱疲労強度が低下するので好ましくない。
【0022】
本発明合金の特徴は、Alと反応したAl基金属間化合物を含む高温強度の高い晶出相あるいは析出相が存在していることにあり、その形態は添加元素によって異なる。大別すると、図1(a)に示す微細に分散している領域を持つもの、および図1(b)に示す編み目等に塊状に分散しているものとなる。実験の結果、高温強度には塊状の晶出物とともに微細晶出領域も有効であることが分り、この両者の合計を硬質相と定義して、顕微鏡にて面積率を求めた。例えば、Ni添加では図1(a)のように微細に分散晶出した相も出現するが、Zr添加では図1(b)のようにやや大きい反応生成物が塊状に、編み目状に晶出することが多い。ガラス成形工程で金型が肌荒れを起こさないためには、Cu相の400℃におけるビッカース硬度が120以上であることが好ましく、そのためには少なくとも上記定義の硬質相が5%以上は必要である。
【0023】
次に、製造方法について説明する。
本発明合金は、高周波誘導加熱溶解炉等で溶解した後、溶湯を鋳型内に注入し凝固させて、金型素材とするものである。ガラス成形用金型はビンの大きさにより異なるが、汎用的には1.8リットルのいわゆる1升ビン成形用が大きい部類である。粗型用の金型素材のサイズは直径30cm程度であり、小さいものでは薬用ビン成形用で直径10cm程度の円柱形、半円柱形あるいは最終的な金型に近いいわゆるニアーネットシェイプの鋳型に鋳込まれる。また、ビンのネジ部を成形するための口型用などはさらに小さい鋳型になる。
【0024】
本発明者らは、種々のサイズの金型を鋳込み、金属組織と硬度を調査したところ、本発明合金を通常の条件で鋳込んだ場合、インゴットサイズの大きいものはAl基金属間化合物を含む硬質相の晶出量が多く、インゴットサイズが小さいと少ないことが判った。すなわち、硬質相の晶出量をより高めるには鋳造後の凝固および冷却速度を十分に遅くすることが重要なのである。
【0025】
冷却速度と高温硬度の詳細な調査結果の1例を、図2に示す。図2は、重量%で、Cu:34.0、Al:7.0、Cr:11.8、Ni:19.8、V:3.1、Nb:0.9、La:0.02、Ce:0.03からなる合金を小型溶解炉で溶解した後、凝固開始してから後の冷却速度を2〜20℃/分で制御しながらるつぼ内で凝固させたインゴットから硬度測定用サンプルを切り出して400℃における硬度を測定し、図示したものである。
図2から明らかなように、凝固開始後の冷却速度が10℃/分以下で硬度の上昇がみられ、好ましくは5℃/分以下で硬度上昇の効果が最大になる。
【0026】
硬質相を増やし、高温強度を高めるための方策は鋳造時の冷却速度だけでなく、インゴットの熱処理によっても可能である。この方法は固相内から新たに硬質相が析出すること、およびすでに晶出した金属間化合物を含む硬質相や硬質物そのものが大きくなるためと考えられる。また、溶湯からの冷却速度制御方法ほどではないが、硬度の増加が図られる。その結果を、図3に示す。前記組成の合金を500〜1000℃に再加熱した後、2〜10℃/分の冷却速度で冷却し、400℃における硬度を測定したものである。
その結果は、加熱温度は700℃以上で、かつ冷却速度は5℃/分以下の条件で熱処理を施すことにより高温強度が増すことを示している。
【0027】
以上のように、本発明においては、硬質相を増やし高温強度を高め、合金の効果を十分引き出すための方法を確立した。
【0028】
【実施例】
以下に、本発明を実施例および比較例に基づいてさらに説明する。
本発明合金およびFe−Cu−Al−Cr系合金(比較材1)を、誘導加熱炉にて溶製し、直径200mm、高さ300mmの円柱状の鋳塊を作製した。各合金の組成および顕微鏡観察から算出した硬質相面積率を、表1に示す。作製した鋳塊をボトム側より100mm高さに切断したものを、高温硬度測定用サンプル素材とした。残部200mm高さ材および従来よりガラス成形用金型として使用されている鋳鉄材(FC20)(比較材2)の市販品を機械加工によりガラス瓶成形用金型(パリソン成形用の粗型)を作成した。
【0029】
高温硬度測定用サンプル素材から15mm角×10mmのブロックを切りだし、鏡面仕上げを行い、微小高温硬度計によりCu相部分のビッカース硬度を測定した。測定は荷重10gの荷重で、400℃で行った。その結果を、表2に示す。本発明合金のCu相部分の硬度は、比較材に比べていずれも高い値であり、Cu相部分の高温における軟化抵抗が増大していることが分る。
【0030】
また、Cu相だけでなく、Fe相をも含めた全体の硬度を荷重10kg、室温および400℃で測定した。その結果を、表3に示す。本発明合金は、合金全体としても比較材にくらべて高温強度が高い材料であることが分る。
【0031】
次に、本発明合金の高温強度をより効果的に高める方法に関する実施例について述べる。まず、実施例についてである。砂型の鋳型のまわりに保温材を十分に厚く巻いた鋳型を作製し、実施例合金を高周波溶解炉にて溶製し、直径200mm、高さ300mmの鋳塊を作製した。鋳型に溶湯を注入後、磁製保護管に挿入した熱電対を溶湯中央部に表面から5cmの深さに差し込み、溶湯表面を保温材で覆った。凝固開始温度は、凝固潜熱による温度曲線の変化から読みとると1450℃であり、その温度以降500℃までを平均して5℃/分の冷却速度で徐冷した。実施例は実施例合金と同様の組成を持つインゴットを作製し、1000℃で5時間加熱し、5℃/分の冷却速度で冷却した。
【0032】
実施例1〜の本発明合金および冷却速度管理を行った実施例について上述したごとく製造した金型(粗型)を用いて、溶融ガラスの単重が610g、成形スピード6回/分、完全無塗油の条件でガラスビン成形を行った。次いで、48時間使用後の金型表面の肌荒れ状況を観察した。
【0033】
その結果を、表4に示す。評価基準は次の通りである。◎は金型表面が全く変化なし、○はピンホール程度の肌荒れあり、△は0.5〜1mm程度の肌荒れありであり、以上は製品どりは問題が無い。また、×は1mm以上の肌荒れが数ケ所あるため、製品どりが出来ない。
【0034】
その結果から分るように、金型によりばらつきはあるが本発明合金はいずれも金型表面の肌荒れを起こさない。したがって、良好なビン肌の製品どりができる長時間無塗油操業が実現した。
【0035】
【表1】

Figure 0003679439
【0036】
【表2】
Figure 0003679439
【0037】
【表3】
Figure 0003679439
【0038】
【表4】
Figure 0003679439
【0039】
【発明の効果】
本発明のガラス成形用金型合金は、高温強度が高く、溶融ガラス球の衝撃による金型表面の肌荒れを起こさず、ガラス成形の長時間無塗油操業が可能となる。これにより、製品品質の向上および操業歩留りが大幅に改善され、極めて大きな効果が得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明合金の金属間化合物の晶出形態の模式図であり、(a)は微細分散晶出の場合、(b)は編み目塊状晶出の場合である。
【図2】本発明合金の鋳造後凝固開始温度からの平均冷却速度で400℃におけるCu相の硬度との相関を示す図である。
【図3】本発明合金の熱処理温度および冷却速度と400℃におけるCu相の硬度との相関を示す図である。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a glass molding die that is molded by inserting molten glass into a molding die, and relates to an oil-free die having high high-temperature strength.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Glass molds are generally made of cast iron, heat-resistant steel, etc., but glass molds made of these materials are used when hot molten glass is inserted and comes into contact with the mold surface. Since the glass and the mold surface react with each other, the mold release of the product is poor and the surface properties of the glass are deteriorated.
[0003]
For this reason, it is customary to operate while applying an oil-based release agent mainly composed of graphite to the surface of the glass mold. However, since this release agent burns after oiling and deteriorates the working environment, and causes deterioration of quality due to graphite adhering to the glass surface, it does not use a release agent. Oil production is highly desired.
[0004]
The present inventors have already disclosed a high-temperature alloy excellent in high-temperature oxidation resistance in which an alumina film is formed on the alloy surface by heat treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere in JP-A-64-73034. . Next, in Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 4-171020, an alloy for satisfying the requirements as a glass mold, that is, good thermal conductivity, high temperature hardness, excellent corrosion resistance, and the produced alumina film is strong. An alloy was proposed. However, even with this alloy, wrinkle defects may occur on the surface of the mold when it is continuously used for a long time, or when the glass is molded, and it is not sufficient as a stable maintenance-free mold.
[0005]
Glass molding is done by cutting molten glass at 1000 ° C or higher, guided to a bowl and inserted into the mold at high speed, and then the molten glass is removed from the mold surface by blowing or pressing to complete the molding. To do. That is, the mold surface, particularly the rough mold, is not only subjected to chemical reaction with the molten glass, but is also subjected to mechanical and thermal shock when the molten glass enters. The release agent coating in the current process is intended to prevent chemical reaction between the molten glass and the mold surface and improve mold separation, but at the same time also has the effect of lubrication, mold cooling and thermal buffering. Yes.
[0006]
Accordingly, the non-oil-coated mold is required to have strict conditions in terms of material as compared with the conventional mold used through the oil-coating process. Especially under oil-free operation, it is inevitable that the mold surface will be hotter because the molten glass is in direct contact, and the material that can withstand repeated mechanical impacts when the molten glass enters, that is, high It is important to ensure high temperature strength. In particular, the alloys that the present inventors have proposed for use in oil-free molds have a metal structure separated into two phases of Fe and Cu. However, it is essential to strengthen the Cu phase.
[0007]
Generally, strengthening by solid solution or precipitation can be considered to increase the strength of the metal. However, attempts to increase the high-temperature hardness of the Cu phase without impairing the properties as an oil-free mold material are naturally limited. For example, when elements such as Al, Ti, and Ni are individually dissolved in Cu, the strength increases at room temperature, but the strength at 500 ° C. or higher is low. In addition, elements that precipitate in Cu, such as Zr, Cr, Be, and P, have a remarkable strengthening effect at room temperature as in the case of solid solution due to the interaction between fine precipitation and dislocation, but at 300 ° C or higher, the effect is high. Is not exhibited, and the effect is reduced due to re-dissolution in Cu.
[0008]
As a result of various studies, the present inventors have focused on an intermetallic compound that does not cause solid solution or decomposition even at high temperatures and maintains high strength, unlike the strengthening method as described above. . Intermetallic compounds are extremely brittle because they have extremely high hardness, but if they are dispersed in a moderately large size in a material having excellent ductility, brittleness does not become a problem and phase changes. It should be effective for strengthening.
[0009]
Since the present inventors have already proposed a mold material composition containing Al in order to self-generate an alumina film, the Al-based intermetallic compound is contained in the Cu phase using the Al. It was thought that the hard phase could be dispersed and formed. Although there are many types of Al-based intermetallic compounds, it is important that the selection of elements does not adversely affect the formation and properties of the alumina coating, which is the life of an oil-free mold. The selected element has a difference in solid solubility in the Cu phase between the freezing point of the Cu phase and 500 ° C., and is effective for strengthening at high temperatures. I found out.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention is for solving the above-mentioned problems relating to the mold, does not require a release agent oiling operation, prevents the surface of the mold during the continuous use, The purpose is to prevent the generation of wrinkles.
The inventors of the present invention have repeatedly studied an alloy suitable as a glass molding die and conducted an actual machine test. As a result, the inventors have found that the following composition and production method are extremely excellent as a glass molding die having high high temperature hardness and achieving no oil coating.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The gist of the present invention is as follows. That is,
(1) By weight ratio, Cu: 20 to 60%, Al: 4 to 12%, Cr: 4 to 20%, the balance Fe and Cu—Al—Cr—Fe composed of inevitable elements, and further Ni : Al% x 1 to 5, Ti: Al% x 0.5 to 2, V: Al% x 0.2 to 1, Zr: Al% x 0.1 to 0.3, Nb: Al% x 0. An alloy for glass molding dies comprising two or more compositions of 1 to 0.3, wherein a hard phase containing an Al-based intermetallic compound is crystallized or precipitated.
(2) In terms of weight ratio, Cu: 20 to 60%, Al: 4 to 12%, Cr: 4 to 20%, the balance Fe and Cu—Al—Cr—Fe composed of inevitable elements are used as a base, and Ni : Al% x 1 to 5, Ti: Al% x 0.5 to 2, V: Al% x 0.2 to 1, Zr: Al% x 0.1 to 0.3, Nb: Al% x 0. 2 or more of 1 to 0.3 and one or more of rare earth elements have a composition of 0.02 to 1.0% , and a hard phase containing an Al-based intermetallic compound is crystallized or precipitated. An alloy for glass molds , characterized in that
(3) In the casting operation of the mold alloys of (1) and (2 ) above, after pouring the molten metal into the mold, gradually cooling from the solidification start temperature to 500 ° C at a cooling rate of 10 ° C or less per minute. A method for producing an alloy for glass molding dies characterized by the following.
[0012]
The present invention is described in detail below.
First, the reasons for limiting the alloy composition will be described.
[0013]
[Cu: 20 to 60 wt%] Cu is an element that determines the thermal conductivity of the mold, and its content is determined from the operating conditions of the glass molding and the use site of the mold. For example, a mold having a high Cu content is used as a mold for forming a screw portion of a glass bottle in order to increase the amount of heat removed from molten glass. On the other hand, the strength of the mold is decreased with the Cu content even if the measures for improving the high-temperature strength of the present invention are taken. Then, the effect of improving the thermal conductivity is lost.
[0014]
[Al: 4-12 wt%] Al dissolves almost equally in the Fe and Cu phases, forms an alumina film on the mold surface, acts as a mold release agent, and produces a hard phase containing intermetallic compounds. Therefore, it is the most important element for increasing the high temperature strength. After forming the mold, to form an alumina film on the surface by heating in an oxidizing atmosphere, the Al amount needs to be 4% or more, and the Fe phase and Cu phase are uniform and dense up to 10% of the Al solid solubility limit of the Cu phase. A good film is formed. If it exceeds 11%, the β phase crystallizes in the Cu phase and becomes extremely brittle. On the other hand, as described above, a part of the addition amount is consumed to produce a hard phase containing an intermetallic compound at the time of casting, so the lower limit is 4% and the upper limit is limited to 12%.
[0015]
[Cr: 4 to 20 wt%] Cr is an element that dissolves only in the Fe phase, and improves the corrosion resistance of the Fe phase and increases the high-temperature strength of the Fe phase. Further, when an alumina film is formed on the Fe phase, a Cr oxide film is formed at the initial stage of heating, and the adhesiveness of the alumina film formed thereafter is increased. When Cr is 4% or less, these effects are not exhibited, and when it is 20% or more, the effect is saturated.
[0016]
[Ni: Alwt% × 1-5] Ni is an element for increasing the high-temperature strength by forming a solid solution of AlNi in the Fe and Cu phases to form an intermetallic compound of AlNi. AlNi is a compound in which Al: Ni is bound at 25 to 35:65 to 75, but in an alloy in which Cu and Fe are mixed, about 20% of the total content of Al and Ni present in the molten metal is crystallized. Just do it. Therefore, when the Ni content is less than 1 times the Al content, AlNi crystallization is slight and the effect of increasing the strength is small, and when it is more than 5 times, the increase in strength reaches its peak.
[0017]
[Ti: Alwt% × 0.5 to 2] Ti is an element for increasing the strength by forming an intermetallic compound of AlTi by forming a solid solution in the same range within the Fe and Cu phases. AlTi is a compound in which Al: Ti is bound at 35 to 40:65 to 60, but in an alloy in which Cu and Fe are mixed, 15% of the total content is crystallized out of Al and Ti present in the molten metal. Just do it. Therefore, when the Ti content is 0.5 times or less of the Al content, AlTi crystallization is slight and the effect of increasing the strength is small, and when it is twice or more, the increase in strength reaches its peak.
[0018]
[V: Alwt% × 0.2-1] V is an element for slightly increasing the strength by forming a solid intermetallic compound of Al 3 V by slightly dissolving in the Cu phase. Al 3 V is a compound in which Al: V is bonded at 75:25, but the crystallization form differs from Ni and Ti and precipitates in a network form in the Cu phase. Since the size of the stitches does not depend on the V content, the strengthening of the Cu phase is saturated with a small amount compared to Ni and Ti. Therefore, V is effective when the Al content is 0.2 times or more, and when it is 1 time or more, precipitation at the Fe phase boundary increases and the alloy becomes brittle.
[0019]
[Zr: Alwt% × 0.1 to 0.3] Zr is dissolved only in the Fe phase, hardly dissolved in the Cu phase, and an Al 3 Zr intermetallic compound is formed with Al. It is an element for increasing strength. Al 3 Zr is a compound in which Al: Zr is bonded at 47:53, but the crystallization form is crystallized in a network form in the Cu phase unlike Ni and Ti. In this case, the hard phase is not completely Al 3 Zr but Zr in which Al is dissolved. Although Zr can be dissolved in the Fe phase, a small amount of addition causes a large amount of crystallization in the Cu phase, and is effective when the Al content is 0.1 times or more. Since embrittlement is remarkable, the range was set to 0.3 times.
[0020]
[Nb: Alwt% × 0.1-0.3] Nb is an element for increasing the high-temperature strength by forming a very small amount of Al 3 Nb in a very small amount in both the Fe phase and the Cu phase. . Al 3 Nb is a compound in which Al: Nb is bonded at 46:54, but the crystallized form is crystallized roughly like islands in the Cu phase. Here again, the hard phase crystallized as in the case of Zr is not completely Al 3 Nb but Nb in which Al is dissolved. Nb is effective when the Al content is 0.1 times or more. When the amount of crystallization increases, the alloy becomes brittle and the upper limit is set to 0.3 times.
[0021]
[One or more rare earth elements: 0.02-1.0 wt%] Rare earth elements such as Ce and La stabilize the alumina coating, and in particular improve the peel resistance, and are due to mechanical thermal shock, etc. There is an effect to prevent peeling of the film. For this purpose, 0.02% or more is necessary, and if it exceeds 1%, the heat resistance fatigue strength of the alumina film at a high temperature is lowered, which is not preferable.
[0022]
The alloy of the present invention is characterized by the presence of a high-temperature strength crystallization phase or precipitation phase containing an Al-based intermetallic compound that has reacted with Al, and its form varies depending on the additive element. When broadly classified, there are those having a finely dispersed region shown in FIG. 1 (a) and those dispersed in a lump in the stitches shown in FIG. 1 (b). As a result of the experiment, it was found that the fine crystallization region was effective together with the massive crystallization product for the high temperature strength, and the sum of both was defined as the hard phase, and the area ratio was obtained with a microscope. For example, when Ni is added, a phase that is finely dispersed and crystallized as shown in FIG. 1A also appears, but when Zr is added, a slightly large reaction product is crystallized in a lump shape and a knitted pattern as shown in FIG. 1B. Often to do. In order to prevent roughening of the mold in the glass forming process, it is preferable that the Vickers hardness of the Cu phase at 400 ° C. is 120 or more. For this purpose, at least 5% or more of the hard phase defined above is required.
[0023]
Next, a manufacturing method will be described.
The alloy of the present invention is melted in a high-frequency induction heating melting furnace or the like and then poured into a mold and solidified to form a mold material. Glass molding dies vary depending on the size of the bottle, but for general purposes, a so-called 1 升 bottle molding for 1.8 liters is a large category. The size of the mold material for the rough mold is about 30 cm in diameter, and in the case of a small one, it is cast into a so-called near net shape mold close to a cylindrical shape, semi-cylindrical shape or a final mold for a medicinal bottle molding of about 10 cm in diameter. Is included. In addition, the mold for the mouth mold for forming the screw portion of the bottle becomes a smaller mold.
[0024]
The present inventors have cast metal molds of various sizes and investigated the metal structure and hardness. When the alloy of the present invention is cast under normal conditions, the one with a large ingot size contains an Al-based intermetallic compound. It was found that the amount of crystallization of the hard phase was large and the ingot size was small. That is, it is important to sufficiently slow the solidification and cooling rate after casting in order to further increase the crystallization amount of the hard phase.
[0025]
An example of detailed investigation results of the cooling rate and the high temperature hardness is shown in FIG. FIG. 2 shows, by weight percentage, Cu: 34.0, Al: 7.0, Cr: 11.8, Ni: 19.8, V: 3.1, Nb: 0.9, La: 0.02, After melting an alloy consisting of Ce: 0.03 in a small melting furnace, a sample for hardness measurement was prepared from an ingot solidified in a crucible while the cooling rate was controlled at 2 to 20 ° C./min after the start of solidification. It is cut out and measured at 400 ° C. for hardness.
As apparent from FIG. 2, the hardness is increased when the cooling rate after the start of solidification is 10 ° C./min or less, and the effect of increasing the hardness is maximized when the cooling rate is preferably 5 ° C./min or less.
[0026]
Measures for increasing the hard phase and increasing the high-temperature strength are possible not only by the cooling rate during casting but also by heat treatment of the ingot. This method is considered to be because a hard phase newly precipitates from within the solid phase, and a hard phase or a hard material containing an already crystallized intermetallic compound becomes large. Further, although not as much as the cooling rate control method from the molten metal, the hardness can be increased. The result is shown in FIG. The alloy having the above composition is reheated to 500 to 1000 ° C., then cooled at a cooling rate of 2 to 10 ° C./min, and the hardness at 400 ° C. is measured.
The results show that high-temperature strength is increased by performing heat treatment under conditions where the heating temperature is 700 ° C. or higher and the cooling rate is 5 ° C./min or less.
[0027]
As described above, in the present invention, a method for increasing the hard phase and increasing the high-temperature strength and sufficiently extracting the effect of the alloy has been established.
[0028]
【Example】
Below, this invention is further demonstrated based on an Example and a comparative example.
The alloy of the present invention and the Fe—Cu—Al—Cr alloy (Comparative Material 1) were melted in an induction heating furnace to produce a cylindrical ingot having a diameter of 200 mm and a height of 300 mm. Table 1 shows the composition of each alloy and the hard phase area ratio calculated from microscopic observation. The produced ingot was cut to a height of 100 mm from the bottom side as a sample material for high-temperature hardness measurement. The remaining 200mm height material and a commercial product of cast iron material (FC20) (Comparative Material 2), which has been used as a glass molding die from the past, are machined to create a glass bottle molding die (rough mold for parison molding). did.
[0029]
A 15 mm square × 10 mm block was cut out from the sample material for high temperature hardness measurement, mirror finished, and the Vickers hardness of the Cu phase portion was measured with a micro high temperature hardness meter. The measurement was performed at 400 ° C. with a load of 10 g. The results are shown in Table 2. It can be seen that the hardness of the Cu phase portion of the alloy of the present invention is higher than that of the comparative material, and the softening resistance at a high temperature of the Cu phase portion is increased.
[0030]
Further, the entire hardness including not only the Cu phase but also the Fe phase was measured at a load of 10 kg, room temperature and 400 ° C. The results are shown in Table 3. It can be seen that the alloy of the present invention is a material having a high temperature strength as compared with the comparative material as a whole.
[0031]
Next, examples relating to a method for more effectively increasing the high temperature strength of the alloy of the present invention will be described. First, Example 8 will be described. A mold in which a heat insulating material was sufficiently thickly wound around a sand mold was produced, and the alloy of Example 7 was melted in a high-frequency melting furnace to produce an ingot having a diameter of 200 mm and a height of 300 mm. After injecting the molten metal into the mold, a thermocouple inserted into a magnetic protective tube was inserted into the center of the molten metal at a depth of 5 cm from the surface, and the molten metal surface was covered with a heat insulating material. The solidification start temperature was 1450 ° C. when read from the change in the temperature curve due to latent heat of solidification, and after that temperature, it was gradually cooled at a cooling rate of 5 ° C./min by averaging up to 500 ° C. In Example 9 , an ingot having the same composition as that of the Example 7 alloy was produced, heated at 1000 ° C. for 5 hours, and cooled at a cooling rate of 5 ° C./min.
[0032]
Using the present invention alloys of Examples 1 to 7 and the molds (coarse molds) manufactured as described above for Examples 8 to 9 for which cooling rate control was performed, the unit weight of molten glass was 610 g, the molding speed was 6 times / Glass bottle molding was performed under the condition of completely oil-free. Next, the condition of rough skin on the mold surface after 48 hours of use was observed.
[0033]
The results are shown in Table 4. The evaluation criteria are as follows. The symbol indicates no change in the mold surface, the symbol ◯ indicates a rough surface such as a pinhole, and the symbol Δ indicates a rough surface that is approximately 0.5 to 1 mm. In addition, × indicates that there are several skin roughnesses of 1 mm or more, so that it cannot be produced.
[0034]
As can be seen from the results, all the alloys of the present invention do not cause rough skin on the mold surface, although there are variations depending on the mold. Therefore, oil-free operation for a long time that can produce a good bottle skin product has been realized.
[0035]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003679439
[0036]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003679439
[0037]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003679439
[0038]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003679439
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
The glass forming mold alloy of the present invention has high strength at high temperature, and does not cause rough surface of the mold due to the impact of the molten glass sphere, and enables a long time oil-free operation of glass forming. As a result, the improvement in product quality and the operation yield are greatly improved, and an extremely great effect is obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a crystallization form of an intermetallic compound of an alloy of the present invention, where (a) is a case of fine dispersion crystallization, and (b) is a case of knitted block crystallization.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a correlation with the hardness of a Cu phase at 400 ° C. at an average cooling rate from the solidification start temperature after casting of the alloy of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the correlation between the heat treatment temperature and cooling rate of the alloy of the present invention and the hardness of the Cu phase at 400 ° C.

Claims (3)

重量比で、Cu:20〜60%、Al:4〜12%、Cr:4〜20%、残部Feおよび不可避的元素からなるCu−Al−Cr−Feをベースにして、さらにNi:Al%×1〜5、Ti:Al%×0.5〜2、V:Al%×0.2〜1、Zr:Al%×0.1〜0.3、Nb:Al%×0.1〜0.3のうちの2種以上の組成からなり、Al基金属間化合物を含む硬質相が晶出または析出していることを特徴とする、ガラス成形金型用合金。Based on the weight ratio of Cu: 20 to 60%, Al: 4 to 12%, Cr: 4 to 20%, the balance Fe and Cu—Al—Cr—Fe consisting of inevitable elements, and further Ni: Al% × 1 to 5, Ti: Al% × 0.5 to 2, V: Al% × 0.2 to 1, Zr: Al% × 0.1 to 0.3, Nb: Al% × 0.1 to 0 An alloy for glass molding dies, which is composed of two or more kinds of .3, and a hard phase containing an Al-based intermetallic compound is crystallized or precipitated. 重量比で、Cu:20〜60%、Al:4〜12%、Cr:4〜20%、残部Feおよび不可避的元素からなるCu−Al−Cr−Feをベースにして、さらにNi:Al%×1〜5、Ti:Al%×0.5〜2、V:Al%×0.2〜1、Zr:Al%×0.1〜0.3、Nb:Al%×0.1〜0.3のうちの2種以上及び希土類元素の1種または2種以上を0.02〜1.0%の組成からなり、Al基金属間化合物を含む硬質相が晶出または析出していることを特徴とする、ガラス成形金型用合金。 Based on the weight ratio of Cu: 20 to 60%, Al: 4 to 12%, Cr: 4 to 20%, the balance Fe and Cu—Al—Cr—Fe consisting of inevitable elements, and further Ni: Al% × 1 to 5, Ti: Al% × 0.5 to 2, V: Al% × 0.2 to 1, Zr: Al% × 0.1 to 0.3, Nb: Al% × 0.1 to 0 .2 or more of 3 and one or more of rare earth elements have a composition of 0.02 to 1.0% , and a hard phase containing an Al-based intermetallic compound is crystallized or precipitated. wherein the glass molding die alloy. 請求項1および請求項2の金型合金の鋳込み作業において、溶湯を鋳型に注湯した後、凝固開始温度から500℃までを毎分10℃以下の冷却速度で徐冷することを特徴とするガラス成形金型用合金の製造方法。  In the casting operation of the mold alloy according to claim 1 and claim 2, the molten metal is poured into a mold and then gradually cooled from a solidification start temperature to 500 ° C at a cooling rate of 10 ° C or less per minute. A method for producing an alloy for glass molds.
JP03076895A 1994-10-14 1995-02-20 Alloy for glass molding mold and manufacturing method thereof Expired - Fee Related JP3679439B2 (en)

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