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JP3679531B2 - Deodorizing method for dewatered sludge cake - Google Patents
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JP3679531B2 - Deodorizing method for dewatered sludge cake - Google Patents

Deodorizing method for dewatered sludge cake Download PDF

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JP3679531B2
JP3679531B2 JP30997196A JP30997196A JP3679531B2 JP 3679531 B2 JP3679531 B2 JP 3679531B2 JP 30997196 A JP30997196 A JP 30997196A JP 30997196 A JP30997196 A JP 30997196A JP 3679531 B2 JP3679531 B2 JP 3679531B2
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Prior art keywords
sludge
formalin
sludge cake
dewatered sludge
effect
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JP30997196A
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JPH10128395A (en
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大谷善二
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近江オドエアーサービス株式会社
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、脱水汚泥ケーキの消臭方法に関するもので、し尿や下水、あるいは有機性産業排水等の処理によって生じる各種脱水汚泥ケーキからの臭気を効率よく抑制する方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
下水処理工程、し尿処理工程、食品工場、ビール工場、紙パルプ工場等より各種汚泥が発生する。
これらの汚泥はベルトプレス、フィルタープレス、遠心分離等の脱水機を用いて脱水汚泥ケーキとされ、焼却、埋め立て、コンポスト等として処理されている。これらの脱水汚泥ケーキは嫌気性菌の働きによって、硫化水素、メチルメルカプタン、n−酪酸、アンモニア、トリメチルアミン等の悪臭を発生する。
【0003】
各処理場で発生する悪臭は、臭気をダクトに収集して、薬液洗浄、活性炭、微生物濾床脱臭等によって処理し、排気の清浄化を行っている。しかし、例えば、脱水工程での脱水機室では、作業員の作業衛生管理上の問題、脱水ケーキ搬出時の臭気対策、埋め立て事業所の受入れ基準の強化等によって、好ましくない環境を改善する必要に迫られ、近年過酸化水素、亜塩素酸ソーダ、塩化亜鉛等の酸化剤や静菌剤の汚泥への添加使用により、悪臭成分の酸化や汚泥中の菌群の殺菌により悪臭の発生を抑制する方法がとられており、亜塩素酸ソーダと次亜塩素酸ソーダ等の二剤を添加する方法も試みられている。
【0004】
しかし、このような薬剤の添加では、一時的な脱水汚泥ケーキの臭気を低減できるものの、十分な静菌作用を示さず、脱水汚泥ケーキからの臭気の発生を抑制する効果が十分に発揮されないという問題があり、亜塩素酸ソーダと次亜塩素酸ソーダ、静菌剤系消臭剤の三剤を用いることにより、十分な効果が得られるという報告がなされている(特開平5−253599号公報)。しかし、このような三剤を用いるとなると煩雑であり、しかも処理経費が嵩むため、実用化され難いものであった。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、これらの事情を考慮して、し尿、下水、あるいは有機性産業排水等より発生する各種脱水汚泥ケーキの臭気を、安価に効率よく抑制する方法を提供することを課題とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明では、汚泥を脱水する前に還元剤系消臭剤であるホルマリンを汚泥に添加することにより、上記課題を解決した。
【0007】
ホルマリンは希薄な水溶液でも原形質膜の蛋白質のアミノ酸と反応して、ホルミル化蛋白質をつくり、変形不溶化させて細胞の機能を停止させるのを利用して広く殺菌剤として用いられている。本発明では、この殺菌作用を利用して臭気を発生させる細菌を殺菌し、臭気の発生を抑制するのであるが、ホルマリンと酸化剤を併用することにより、より優れた効果を得ることができる。
【0008】
酸化剤の使用は、ホルマリンで脱臭処理した残臭を更に処理し、脱臭効果の即効性と持続性の双方を高めるので、酸化剤は、ホルマリンを汚泥に添加混合した後に、時間をずらして添加するのが好ましい。
【0009】
なお、ホルマリンは、脱水処理する前の汚泥に添加するが、この汚泥のpH及び温度は特に限定されない。しかし、活性汚泥処理する場合、通常pHは5〜7、処理温度は5〜25℃が有利とされているので、本発明による処理においても、pHは5〜7、処理温度は5〜25℃とするのが好ましい。
【0010】
次に、ホルマリンの添加は、生汚泥貯留槽又は余剰汚泥貯留槽〜脱水機供給汚泥引き抜き送泥管の工程範囲であれば、どの位置でなされてもよいが、ホルマリンの効果を効率よくするためには、攪拌効果を高め、反応時間をできるだけ長く取るようにするのがよい。なお、酸化剤を併用する場合は、ホルマリンの効果を最大に生かして残臭を少なくすることが、酸化剤の添加量を少なくすることになるので、酸化剤の添加は、脱水機供給送泥管中に近いほどホルマリンと汚泥の反応時間が長く取れ、有利である。
【0011】
ホルマリンは、通常1〜40数%のホルムアルデヒド水溶液で、50%以上の水溶液も使用可能である。しかし、ホルムアルデヒドは水溶液中で水和したメチレングリコールCH2 (OH)3 及び重合体HO(CH2 O)n Hの形で存在するが、不溶性となって析出しやすいので、0〜13%のメタノールを加えCH2 (OH)OCH3 の形で安定化させてあるものを使用するのが有利である。なお、ホルマリンの添加量は、通常、ホルムアルデヒドとして汚泥1リットル当たり10〜1000mg程度でよい。
【0012】
本発明で、ホルマリンと併用されてもよい酸化剤としては、アルカリ金属次亜塩素酸塩、アルカリ土類金属次亜塩素酸塩、アルカリ金属亜塩素酸塩、アルカリ土類金属亜塩素酸塩、アルカリ金属塩素酸塩、アルカリ土類金属塩素酸塩、アルカリ金属過塩素酸塩、アルカリ土類金属過塩素酸塩、30〜50%過酸化水素水、過マンガン酸カリウム又はその水溶液、アルカリ土類金属塩化物又はその水溶液、アルカリ土類金属硫酸塩又はその水溶液、アルカリ土類金属硝酸塩又はその水溶液、アルカリ土類金属燐酸塩又はその水溶液、アルカリ土類金属酢酸塩又はその水溶液等を例示できるが、これらの添加形態は特に限られない。一般に水溶液として用いるのが扱い安く、薬剤の添加量は、薬剤の種類によって異なるが、通常、汚泥1リットル当たり10〜1000mg程度でよい。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に実施例に基づいて本発明の対象をさらに詳しく説明する。ただし、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されない。
【0014】
汚泥を脱水して得られる脱水汚泥ケーキにも、離脱水にもホルマリンは残存する。例えば、pH5.5、全固形物分(以下、TSと述べる)3.2%の下水処理場の汚泥に37%ホルマリン1000mg/lを添加して得られた離脱水におけるホルマリンの量は37%ホルマリン700mg/lであった。下水処理場での離脱水は最初沈殿池の流入口へ返送され、流入水によって通常100〜200倍に希釈され、エアレーションタンクに送られて微生物による活性汚泥処理される。
そこで、ホルマリンの活性汚泥処理については、37%ホルマリン5〜50mg/lに調製した汚泥を卓上型の活性汚泥装置で8時間活性汚泥処理した。その結果を表1に示す。
【0015】
【表1】

Figure 0003679531
【0016】
表1によれば、37%ホルマリン5〜50mg/lに調製した汚泥中のホルマリンは、8時間の活性汚泥処理で消失し、感知できなくなっていることがわかる。
【0017】
次に、pH5.4、TS3.0%の下水汚泥を用いて得た脱水汚泥ケーキ中のホルマリン残存推移と臭気の再発生の実験結果を表2に示す。
【0018】
【表2】
Figure 0003679531
【0019】
表2の結果から、汚泥1リットル当たり、37%ホルマリンを300mgという少量のホルマリン添加でも、非常に効率よく、汚泥中の悪臭が消滅し、その効果は、48時間以上持続することが分かる。
【0020】
更に、pH5.4、TS2.8%の下水汚泥に各種薬剤を添加した後、高分子凝集剤を加えて軽く攪拌し、脱水して得られた脱水汚泥ケーキをタッパーに封入し、25℃の恒温室に保管してタッパー内のヘッドスペースガスの臭気成分濃度を経時的に測定した。その結果を表3、表4に示す。
【0021】
【表3】
Figure 0003679531
【0022】
【表4】
Figure 0003679531
【0023】
表3の結果から、ホルマリンが従来消臭剤として使用された酸化剤に比べて少量の添加で、顕著な消臭効果を発揮することが分かる。また、表4の結果から、ホルマリンに酸化剤を併用した効果が確認でき、この効果は、ホルマリンを添加後一定時間を置いた後に脱水した場合に著しく、特に、ホルマリン添加後、時間をずらして酸化剤を添加した場合に著しいことが確認できる。
【0024】
【発明の効果】
本発明では、安価なホルマリンを使用して、操作性よく、脱水汚泥ケーキの安定した消臭が可能となる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a deodorizing method for a dewatered sludge cake, and more particularly to a method for efficiently suppressing odors from various dewatered sludge cakes produced by treatment of human waste, sewage, organic industrial waste water, or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Various sludge is generated from sewage treatment process, human waste treatment process, food factory, beer factory, paper pulp factory and so on.
These sludges are made into a dehydrated sludge cake using a dehydrator such as a belt press, a filter press, and a centrifugal separator, and are processed as incineration, landfill, compost, and the like. These dehydrated sludge cakes generate malodors such as hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, n-butyric acid, ammonia, and trimethylamine by the action of anaerobic bacteria.
[0003]
Odor generated at each treatment plant is collected in a duct and treated by chemical solution cleaning, activated carbon, microbial filter bed deodorization, etc. to purify exhaust. However, for example, in the dehydrator room in the dehydration process, it is necessary to improve the unfavorable environment by problems related to occupational hygiene management of workers, countermeasures for odors when carrying out dehydrated cake, strengthening acceptance standards for landfill establishments, etc. In recent years, the use of oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide, sodium chlorite, and zinc chloride, and bacteriostatic agents in sludge has prevented the generation of bad odors by oxidizing malodorous components and sterilizing bacteria in sludge. A method has been taken, and a method of adding two agents such as sodium chlorite and sodium hypochlorite has also been attempted.
[0004]
However, the addition of such a chemical can reduce the odor of the temporary dehydrated sludge cake, but does not exhibit sufficient bacteriostatic action and does not sufficiently exert the effect of suppressing the generation of odor from the dehydrated sludge cake. There is a problem, and it has been reported that a sufficient effect can be obtained by using three agents of sodium chlorite, sodium hypochlorite, and a bacteriostatic deodorant (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-253599). ). However, the use of such three agents is cumbersome and increases the processing costs, and is difficult to put into practical use.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of these circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently and inexpensively suppressing the odor of various dewatered sludge cakes generated from human waste, sewage, organic industrial wastewater, or the like.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, the above problem has been solved by adding formalin, which is a reducing agent deodorant, to the sludge before dewatering the sludge.
[0007]
Formalin is widely used as a bactericidal agent by reacting with amino acids of plasma membrane proteins even in dilute aqueous solutions to form formylated proteins, insolubilizing them by deformation and insolubilizing cells. In the present invention, this sterilization action is used to sterilize bacteria that generate odors and suppress the generation of odors. By using formalin and an oxidizing agent in combination, a more excellent effect can be obtained.
[0008]
The use of an oxidizing agent further treats the residual odor that has been deodorized with formalin to improve both the immediate effect and sustainability of the deodorizing effect. Therefore, after adding formalin to sludge, the oxidizing agent is added after shifting the time. It is preferable to do this.
[0009]
In addition, although formalin is added to the sludge before a dehydration process, the pH and temperature of this sludge are not specifically limited. However, when activated sludge treatment is performed, the pH is usually 5 to 7 and the treatment temperature is preferably 5 to 25 ° C. Therefore, in the treatment according to the present invention, the pH is 5 to 7 and the treatment temperature is 5 to 25 ° C. Is preferable.
[0010]
Next, the addition of formalin may be made at any position within the process range of the raw sludge storage tank or surplus sludge storage tank to the dehydrator-supplied sludge extraction / feeding mud pipe, in order to efficiently improve the effect of formalin. In order to improve the stirring effect, the reaction time should be as long as possible. When using an oxidizer in combination, reducing the residual odor by making the most of the effects of formalin will reduce the amount of oxidizer added. The closer to the tube, the longer the reaction time between formalin and sludge, which is advantageous.
[0011]
Formalin is usually an aqueous formaldehyde solution of 1 to 40%, and an aqueous solution of 50% or more can also be used. However, although formaldehyde exists in the form of methylene glycol CH 2 (OH) 3 and polymer HO (CH 2 O) n H hydrated in an aqueous solution, it is insoluble and easily precipitates. Preference is given to using methanol which has been stabilized in the form of CH 2 (OH) OCH 3 by adding methanol. The amount of formalin added is usually about 10 to 1000 mg per liter of sludge as formaldehyde.
[0012]
In the present invention, as an oxidizing agent that may be used in combination with formalin, alkali metal hypochlorite, alkaline earth metal hypochlorite, alkali metal chlorite, alkaline earth metal chlorite, Alkali metal chlorate, alkaline earth metal chlorate, alkali metal perchlorate, alkaline earth metal perchlorate, 30-50% hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate or its aqueous solution, alkaline earth Examples include metal chlorides or aqueous solutions thereof, alkaline earth metal sulfates or aqueous solutions thereof, alkaline earth metal nitrates or aqueous solutions thereof, alkaline earth metal phosphates or aqueous solutions thereof, alkaline earth metal acetates or aqueous solutions thereof, and the like. These addition forms are not particularly limited. Generally, it is cheap to use as an aqueous solution, and the amount of the drug added varies depending on the type of the drug, but it is usually about 10 to 1000 mg per liter of sludge.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, based on an Example, the object of this invention is demonstrated in more detail. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0014]
Formalin remains in the dewatered sludge cake obtained by dewatering the sludge and in the separated water. For example, the amount of formalin in the separated water obtained by adding 37% formalin 1000 mg / l to sludge at a sewage treatment plant with a pH of 5.5 and a total solid content (hereinafter referred to as TS) of 3.2% is 37%. The formalin was 700 mg / l. The separated water at the sewage treatment plant is first returned to the inflow port of the settling basin, and is usually diluted 100 to 200 times with the inflowing water, sent to the aeration tank, and treated with activated sludge by microorganisms.
Then, about the activated sludge process of formalin, the activated sludge process of the sludge prepared to 37-50% formalin 5-50 mg / l was carried out for 8 hours with the desktop type activated sludge apparatus. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0015]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003679531
[0016]
According to Table 1, formalin in sludge prepared to 37% formalin 5 to 50 mg / l disappears after 8 hours of activated sludge treatment, and is not detectable.
[0017]
Next, Table 2 shows experimental results of formalin remaining transition and odor re-generation in a dehydrated sludge cake obtained using sewage sludge having a pH of 5.4 and a TS of 3.0%.
[0018]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003679531
[0019]
From the results shown in Table 2, it can be seen that even when a small amount of formalin of 37% formalin per 300 liters of sludge is added, the malodor in the sludge disappears very efficiently, and the effect lasts for 48 hours or more.
[0020]
Furthermore, after adding various chemicals to sewage sludge with a pH of 5.4 and TS 2.8%, a polymer flocculant is added, and the mixture is lightly stirred and dehydrated sludge cake obtained by dehydration is sealed in a tapper, It was stored in a temperature-controlled room, and the odor component concentration of the headspace gas in the tapper was measured over time. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
[0021]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003679531
[0022]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003679531
[0023]
From the results in Table 3, it can be seen that formalin exerts a remarkable deodorizing effect with a small amount of addition as compared with an oxidizing agent conventionally used as a deodorant. Further, from the results of Table 4, the effect of using an oxidizing agent in combination with formalin can be confirmed. This effect is remarkable when dehydration is performed after a certain period of time after addition of formalin, and in particular, the time is shifted after addition of formalin. It can be confirmed that the addition of an oxidizing agent is remarkable.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, it is possible to stably deodorize the dewatered sludge cake using inexpensive formalin with good operability.

Claims (2)

汚泥を脱水処理する前に、ホルマリンと酸化剤を添加混和し、その後、脱水することを特徴とする脱水汚泥ケーキの消臭方法。 A method for deodorizing a dewatered sludge cake, characterized in that formalin and an oxidizing agent are added and mixed before the sludge is dehydrated and then dehydrated. ホルマリン添加混合後、酸化剤を添加することを特徴とする請求項1の脱水汚泥ケーキの消臭方法。 The method for deodorizing a dewatered sludge cake according to claim 1, wherein an oxidizing agent is added after mixing with formalin.
JP30997196A 1996-11-05 1996-11-05 Deodorizing method for dewatered sludge cake Expired - Fee Related JP3679531B2 (en)

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CN101600661B (en) * 2007-01-31 2011-11-16 财团法人电力中央研究所 Method for deodorization of sewage sludge

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