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JP3684063B2 - Method for producing caking aid for charging charcoal - Google Patents
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JP3684063B2 - Method for producing caking aid for charging charcoal - Google Patents

Method for producing caking aid for charging charcoal Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3684063B2
JP3684063B2 JP04944698A JP4944698A JP3684063B2 JP 3684063 B2 JP3684063 B2 JP 3684063B2 JP 04944698 A JP04944698 A JP 04944698A JP 4944698 A JP4944698 A JP 4944698A JP 3684063 B2 JP3684063 B2 JP 3684063B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
coal tar
coal
tar
flash distillation
low
Prior art date
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JP04944698A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH11246866A (en
Inventor
孝之 荒木
一成 田中
正明 中村
渡 白水
哲明 宮田
秀信 神崎
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Nippon Steel Corp
Nippon Steel Plant Designing Corp
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Nittetsu Plant Designing Corp
Nippon Steel Corp
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  • Coke Industry (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、石炭を乾留してコークスを製造する際に副生するコールタールを原料とするコークス炉装入炭添加用の粘結補助剤の製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
石炭を乾留してコークスを製造する場合、色々な種類の石炭を混合して使用するが、コークスの強度を向上させるために、粘結性の強い石炭が一緒に使用されている。この粘結炭の使用量は要求されるコークスの強度と関係があり、粘結炭の混合割合が高いほど、製品コークスの強度が向上する。しかしながら、粘結炭の埋蔵量は非粘結炭の埋蔵量に比べてかなり少なく価格が高いため、製品コークスの製造コストを引き下げるためには、出来るだけ粘結炭の混合割合を減らす必要がある。
【0003】
この粘結炭の混合割合を減らすために、コークスを製造する際に副生するコールタールの粘結性を利用する目的で、コールタールのまま又は蒸留操作により低沸点物を除去して、装入炭に添加する方法が採用されている。
【0004】
装入炭に水分を除去しただけのコールタールを粘結補助剤として添加する方法は、処理費用が安価である。しかし、コールタール中の低沸点物には、ベンゼンのように人体に有害な成分やフェノール類やナフタリン等の悪臭成分が含まれているので、作業環境上好ましくない。また、コールタール中の低沸点物はコールタールを添加した装入炭を搬送するコンベヤーのゴム製ベルトを膨潤させ、寿命を短くするという欠点を有している。
【0005】
一方、コールタール中の低沸点物を取り除くには、コールタールを蒸留する必要がある。図2に現在一般に採用されているコールタール中の低沸点物を分離除去しているフラッシュ蒸留法の一例を示す。
この図に示すように、低沸点物を蒸発させて分離するためのフラッシュ蒸留塔4以外に、この蒸留塔に装入するコールタールを加熱するための加熱炉3が必要であり、パイプスチル式の加熱炉が一般に採用されている。
【0006】
この方式では、蒸留操作により低沸点物を蒸発させるための潜熱を装入コールタールの顕熱で補うため、加熱炉において装入コールタールは300〜350℃の高温に加熱されている。また、コールタールを高温に加熱するので、加熱炉のチューブ内で水分が蒸発しコールタールの加熱条件が不安定になるのを防ぐために、コールタール中の水分を前もって除去しておく必要があり、脱水塔2の設置が必要である。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記のように、コールタールは加熱炉のチューブ内で加熱されて高温になるので、コールタール中の不飽和炭化水素化合物の一部が熱重合して高沸点物を生成する。本来コールタールはその含有する低沸点物の除去量が多いほど粘度が高くなるという性質を有するが、熱重合物が生成することによって、更に粘度が上昇する。
【0008】
低沸点物を除去したコールタールを装入炭に添加混合する場合、コールタール中の低沸点物の含有量が少ないほどコークス炉の操業・環境の面からは好ましいが、反面粘度の低い方が装入炭に添加混合し易いので、現状の加熱炉を用いたコールタールの加熱方式は、熱重合による粘度の上昇があるので好ましくない。
【0009】
また、パイプスチル式加熱炉でコールタールを加熱する場合には、加熱炉のチューブ内壁でコーキングが起こらないように、コールタールのチューブ内流速を速くするように計画されるので、コールタール中のスラッジ分によるチューブの磨耗を防止する目的で、遠心分離機を用いスラッジ分を前もって除去している。この分離したスラッジ分は装入炭に混合するために、低沸点物を除去したコールタールに再度混入されている。
このように、現状の加熱炉を用いたコールタールの加熱方式は、スラッジ分を除去し、また添加するという非効率な作業も余儀なくされている。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は前記課題を解決するものであって、スラッジ分を含有したままのコールタールを加熱炉を使用せずに出来るだけ低い温度で低沸点物を除去することによって、熱重合を起こさない低粘度の粘結補助剤を製造する方法を提供するものである。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本来、コールタールは加熱されると、コールタール中の不飽和炭化水素化合物が熱重合反応を起こして高沸点炭化水素化合物へと変化し、この反応速度は温度が高くなるほど速くなるという性質を有している。
本発明は、蒸留操作で必要な低沸点物を蒸発させるための潜熱を、フラッシュ蒸留塔上部に装入するコールタールと該蒸留塔上部塔底のコールタールの両者を加熱することによって温度の上昇したコールタールの顕熱で補うと共に、該蒸留塔を減圧状態に保ち、かつ該蒸留塔塔底に水蒸気を吹き込みコールタール中の低沸点物の分圧を低下させることによって、低い温度でコールタール中の低沸点物を除去することを特徴としている。
【0012】
図1に本発明のコールタール中の低沸点物の除去方法の一例を示す。
図において原料コールタール13は、加圧脱水槽1において含有水分の一部が除去され、フラッシュ蒸留塔4から抜き取られた高沸点タール15と熱交換し、コールタール加熱器6において水蒸気で170〜200℃に加熱された後、フラッシュ蒸留塔4に装入され、塔内に設置された棚段を流下する間に水分と低沸点物の一部が蒸発し分離される。
【0013】
このフラッシュ蒸留塔4は、塔下部からの蒸気を通すための開孔部を有し、棚段を流下してきたコールタールを溜めることの出来るチムニートレイ21によって上・下部の2室に仕切られ、かつ50〜200トールの減圧状態に保たれている。
【0014】
棚段を流下して上部塔底に溜まったコールタールは、低沸点物の蒸発により装入温度より10〜25℃低下しているので、塔より抜き取られコールタール中間加熱器7にて水蒸気で再度170〜200℃に加熱された後、フラッシュ蒸留塔4の下部に装入され、棚段を流下する間に低沸点物の残りが蒸発分離されて、高沸点タール15となる。
【0015】
フラッシュ蒸留塔4の下部から抜き取られた高沸点タール15は高沸点タール熱交換器5に送られ、装入コールタール13と熱交換し100〜120℃に冷却された後、粘結補助剤として回収される。
【0016】
なお、フラッシュ蒸留塔に装入するコールタールの温度が170℃未満では必要な蒸発量を確保することが困難であり、装入するコールタールの温度を200℃超にするには高温の水蒸気を必要とするので、経済的でない。
また、フラッシュ蒸留塔の圧力を50トール未満にするには大がかりな真空発生設備が必要であり、200トール超では蒸発量を確保することが困難なので、好ましくない。
【0017】
このように、フラッシュ蒸留塔内の圧力を50〜200卜ールとしてフラッシュ蒸留を2段階に分けて行うことによって、コールタールの加熱温度を低く抑えることができる。この結果、水蒸気での加熱ができ、コールタール加熱器6やコールタール中間加熱器7のチューブの表面温度を低く抑えることができるので、熱重合を起こさせずに容易に低沸点物を分離除去することが可能である。
また、コールタール加熱器6やコールタール中間加熱器7は水蒸気を加熱源としているので、加熱炉の場合のようにチューブ内の流速を速くする必要がなく、スラッジ分を含んだままでの加熱が可能である。
【0018】
【実施例】
表1に本発明の方法で製造した高沸点タールと、従来の方法で製造した高沸点タールの粘度を示す。両者は同一のスラッジを含有したコールタールを使用し、共に15 vol%の低沸点物を蒸発分離した後の高沸点タールの粘度である。
【0019】
本発明方法の操作条件は、フラッシュ蒸留塔上部及び下部へのコールタールの装入温度は共に180℃、フラッシュ蒸留塔の圧力は100トールであり、フラッシュ蒸留塔上部塔底のコールタールの温度は159℃であった。
また、従来方法の操作条件は、フラッシュ蒸留塔へのコールタールの装入温度は320℃、フラッシュ蒸留塔の圧力は大気圧であった。
【0020】
この表からも分かるように、本発明方法で製造された高沸点タールの方が従来法にて製造された高沸点タールに比べて明らかに粘度が低く、熱影響の受け方が少なかったといえる。
【0021】
尚、本実施例において、フラッシュ蒸留塔の上部及び下部へ装入するコールタールの加熱にはいずれも水蒸気を利用した間接加熱で行ったが、本発明の加熱方法としてはこれに限られたものではなく、例えば燃料を使用した加熱装置や、各種排ガス及び排液の廃熱を回収利用するための熱交換器を使用しても本発明と同じ作用・効果を奏する。
【0022】
【表1】

Figure 0003684063
【0023】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明の方法を採用すれば、低粘度でしかも低沸点物の含有量の少ない装入炭添加用の粘結補助剤の製造が可能である。また、スラッジを含んだままの処理が可能であることから、無駄な工程がなく合理的で、省エネルギー型の製造方法である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の粘結補助剤製造法の説明図。
【図2】従来法の粘結補助剤製造法の説明図。
【符号の説明】
1:加圧脱水槽 2:脱水塔 3:加熱炉
4:フラッシュ蒸留塔 5:高沸点タール熱交換器
6:コールタール加熱器 7:コールタール中間加熱器
8:凝縮器 9:コールタール装入ポンプ
10:脱水タール装入ポンプ 11:高沸点タールポンプ
12:真空ポンプ 13:原料コールタール
14:脱水タール 15:高沸点タール
16:凝縮液 17:分離水 18:水蒸気
19:燃料 20:冷却水 21:チムニートレイ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for producing a caking additive for addition to coal in a coke oven using coal tar produced as a by-product when carbon is distilled to produce coke.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When coke is produced by dry distillation of coal, various types of coal are mixed and used. In order to improve the strength of coke, coal having strong caking properties is used together. The amount of caking coal used is related to the strength of coke required, and the strength of product coke improves as the mixing ratio of caking coal increases. However, the amount of caking coal reserves is considerably less than that of non-caking coal reserves and the price is high. Therefore, in order to reduce the production cost of product coke, it is necessary to reduce the mixing ratio of caking coal as much as possible. .
[0003]
In order to reduce the mixing ratio of this caking coal, in order to use the caking property of coal tar produced as a by-product during the production of coke, the low boiling point substances are removed as it is or by distillation operation. A method of adding to the coal is adopted.
[0004]
The method of adding coal tar from which water has been removed to the charging coal as a caking aid is inexpensive. However, low-boiling substances in coal tar are undesirable in the working environment because they contain components harmful to the human body such as benzene and malodorous components such as phenols and naphthalene. In addition, low boiling point substances in coal tar have the disadvantage that the rubber belt of the conveyor that conveys the charged coal to which coal tar is added is swollen and the life is shortened.
[0005]
On the other hand, in order to remove low-boiling substances in coal tar, it is necessary to distill coal tar. FIG. 2 shows an example of a flash distillation method that separates and removes low-boiling substances in coal tar that are generally used at present.
As shown in this figure, in addition to the flash distillation column 4 for evaporating and separating low-boiling substances, a heating furnace 3 for heating coal tar charged in this distillation column is required, and a pipe-still type The heating furnace is generally adopted.
[0006]
In this system, the charged coal tar is heated to a high temperature of 300 to 350 ° C. in a heating furnace in order to supplement the latent heat for evaporating low boiling point substances by distillation operation with the sensible heat of the charged coal tar. In addition, since coal tar is heated to a high temperature, it is necessary to remove the moisture in coal tar in advance in order to prevent moisture from evaporating in the furnace tube and unstable coal tar heating conditions. It is necessary to install the dehydration tower 2.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, since coal tar is heated in a tube of a heating furnace and becomes a high temperature, a part of the unsaturated hydrocarbon compound in the coal tar is thermally polymerized to produce a high boiling point product. Originally, coal tar has the property that the viscosity increases as the amount of low-boiling substances contained therein increases, but the viscosity further increases due to the formation of a thermal polymer.
[0008]
When coal tar from which low boilers have been removed is added to the coal mixture, the lower the content of low boilers in coal tar, the better from the standpoint of coke oven operation and environment, but the lower the viscosity, Since it is easy to add and mix to the charging coal, the coal tar heating method using the current heating furnace is not preferable because of an increase in viscosity due to thermal polymerization.
[0009]
In addition, when coal tar is heated in a pipe still type heating furnace, it is planned to increase the coal tar flow velocity in the tube so that coking does not occur on the tube inner wall of the heating furnace. In order to prevent the tube from being worn by the sludge, the sludge is removed beforehand using a centrifuge. The separated sludge is mixed again with coal tar from which low-boiling substances have been removed in order to mix with the charged coal.
Thus, the coal tar heating method using the current heating furnace is forced to perform an inefficient operation of removing and adding sludge.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention solves the above-described problems, and removes low-boiling substances from coal tar containing sludge content at a temperature as low as possible without using a heating furnace. A method for producing a caking aid of viscosity is provided.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Originally, when coal tar is heated, the unsaturated hydrocarbon compound in coal tar undergoes a thermal polymerization reaction and changes to a high-boiling hydrocarbon compound, and this reaction rate increases as the temperature increases. doing.
The present invention increases the temperature by heating both the coal tar charged in the upper portion of the flash distillation column and the coal tar at the bottom of the upper portion of the distillation column with latent heat for evaporating the low-boiling substances necessary for the distillation operation. The coal tar is compensated with the sensible heat of the coal tar, and the distillation column is kept at a reduced pressure, and steam is blown into the bottom of the distillation column to reduce the partial pressure of the low-boiling substances in the coal tar. It is characterized by removing low-boiling substances in it.
[0012]
FIG. 1 shows an example of a method for removing low-boiling substances in coal tar of the present invention.
In the figure, raw coal tar 13 is partly removed from the pressurized dehydration tank 1 and heat-exchanged with the high boiling point tar 15 extracted from the flash distillation column 4. After being heated to 200 ° C., it is charged into the flash distillation column 4, and water and a part of low-boiling substances are evaporated and separated while flowing down the shelf installed in the column.
[0013]
This flash distillation column 4 has an opening for passing steam from the bottom of the column, and is divided into two chambers, upper and lower, by a chimney tray 21 that can collect coal tar flowing down the shelf. And it is kept at a reduced pressure of 50 to 200 Torr.
[0014]
The coal tar that has flowed down the trays and accumulated at the bottom of the upper column is lower by 10 to 25 ° C. than the charging temperature due to evaporation of low boiling point substances. After being heated again to 170 to 200 ° C., it is charged into the lower part of the flash distillation column 4, and the remainder of the low-boiling substances is evaporated and separated while flowing down the shelf to become high-boiling tar 15.
[0015]
The high boiling point tar 15 extracted from the lower part of the flash distillation column 4 is sent to the high boiling point tar heat exchanger 5, exchanged heat with the charged coal tar 13, cooled to 100 to 120 ° C., and then used as a caking aid. Collected.
[0016]
If the temperature of coal tar charged to the flash distillation column is less than 170 ° C., it is difficult to ensure the required evaporation amount. To make the temperature of coal tar charged higher than 200 ° C., high-temperature steam is used. It is not economical because it requires it.
Further, a large vacuum generation facility is required to reduce the pressure of the flash distillation column to less than 50 Torr, and if it exceeds 200 Torr, it is difficult to ensure the amount of evaporation, which is not preferable.
[0017]
Thus, the heating temperature of coal tar can be kept low by performing the flash distillation in two stages with the pressure in the flash distillation column being 50 to 200 bar. As a result, heating with steam is possible, and the surface temperature of the tubes of the coal tar heater 6 and the coal tar intermediate heater 7 can be kept low, so that low-boiling substances can be easily separated and removed without causing thermal polymerization. Is possible.
Further, since the coal tar heater 6 and the coal tar intermediate heater 7 use steam as a heating source, there is no need to increase the flow velocity in the tube as in the case of a heating furnace, and heating with sludge contained is possible. Is possible.
[0018]
【Example】
Table 1 shows the viscosity of the high boiling point tar produced by the method of the present invention and the high boiling point tar produced by the conventional method. Both use coal tar containing the same sludge, and both are viscosities of high boiling point tar after evaporating and separating 15 vol% low boiling point material.
[0019]
The operating conditions of the method of the present invention are: the coal tar charging temperature at the top and bottom of the flash distillation column is 180 ° C., the pressure of the flash distillation column is 100 torr, and the temperature of the coal tar at the bottom of the flash distillation column is It was 159 ° C.
The operating conditions of the conventional method were as follows: the coal tar charging temperature to the flash distillation column was 320 ° C., and the pressure of the flash distillation column was atmospheric pressure.
[0020]
As can be seen from this table, it can be said that the high boiling point tar produced by the method of the present invention is clearly lower in viscosity and less affected by heat than the high boiling point tar produced by the conventional method.
[0021]
In this example, the heating of the coal tar charged to the upper and lower parts of the flash distillation column was performed by indirect heating using steam, but the heating method of the present invention is limited to this. Instead, for example, even when a heating device using fuel or a heat exchanger for recovering and utilizing waste heat of various exhaust gases and waste liquids is used, the same effects and advantages as the present invention can be obtained.
[0022]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003684063
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, by employing the method of the present invention, it is possible to produce a caking additive for charging coal addition with a low viscosity and a low content of low boilers. In addition, since it is possible to perform processing while including sludge, it is a rational and energy-saving manufacturing method without wasteful processes.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a method for producing a caking aid of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a conventional method for producing a caking aid.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: pressurized dehydration tank 2: dehydration tower 3: heating furnace 4: flash distillation tower 5: high boiling point tar heat exchanger 6: coal tar heater 7: coal tar intermediate heater 8: condenser 9: coal tar charging Pump 10: Dehydrated tar charging pump 11: High boiling point tar pump 12: Vacuum pump 13: Raw material coal tar 14: Dehydrated tar 15: High boiling point tar 16: Condensate 17: Separated water 18: Steam 19: Fuel 20: Cooling water 21: Chimney tray

Claims (1)

石炭を乾留してコークスを製造する際に副生するコールタールを加熱して、フラッシュ蒸留塔の上部に吹き込みコールタール中に残存する低沸点物を分離・排出するコークス炉装入炭添加用の粘結補助剤の製造方法において、前記フラッシュ蒸留塔下部から蒸気を吹き込むと共に、該フラッシュ蒸留塔における前記コールタール吹き込み位置と蒸気吹き込み位置との間をチムニートレイにて上下の2室に仕切り、該フラッシュ蒸留塔内の圧力を50〜200トール、コールタールの加熱温度を170〜200℃とすることを特徴とする装入炭添加用の粘結補助剤の製造方法。The coal tar produced as a by-product when coking coal is produced by carbonization is blown into the upper part of the flash distillation column to separate and discharge the low-boiling substances remaining in the coal tar. In the method for producing a caking aid, steam is blown from the lower part of the flash distillation tower, and the coal tar blowing position and the steam blowing position in the flash distillation tower are partitioned into two upper and lower chambers by a chimney tray, A method for producing a caking additive for charging coal, wherein the pressure in the flash distillation column is 50 to 200 torr and the heating temperature of coal tar is 170 to 200 ° C.
JP04944698A 1998-03-02 1998-03-02 Method for producing caking aid for charging charcoal Expired - Lifetime JP3684063B2 (en)

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JP04944698A JP3684063B2 (en) 1998-03-02 1998-03-02 Method for producing caking aid for charging charcoal

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JPH11246866A JPH11246866A (en) 1999-09-14
JP3684063B2 true JP3684063B2 (en) 2005-08-17

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Cited By (1)

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KR101511717B1 (en) * 2012-12-18 2015-04-13 주식회사 포스코 Facility for manufacturing coke and method for manufacturing coke using the same

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JP5117084B2 (en) * 2007-03-22 2013-01-09 Jfeケミカル株式会社 Method for treating tar cake and charging method for tar cake in coke oven
BRPI0920772B1 (en) * 2008-10-30 2018-01-02 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF COAL AGGLOMERANT ADDITIVE
CN113358422B (en) * 2021-07-14 2023-02-10 马钢奥瑟亚化工有限公司 Method for producing and preparing coal tar pitch

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101511717B1 (en) * 2012-12-18 2015-04-13 주식회사 포스코 Facility for manufacturing coke and method for manufacturing coke using the same

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