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JP3684087B2 - Tool clamping device - Google Patents
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JP3684087B2 - Tool clamping device - Google Patents

Tool clamping device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3684087B2
JP3684087B2 JP30384298A JP30384298A JP3684087B2 JP 3684087 B2 JP3684087 B2 JP 3684087B2 JP 30384298 A JP30384298 A JP 30384298A JP 30384298 A JP30384298 A JP 30384298A JP 3684087 B2 JP3684087 B2 JP 3684087B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
collet
tool
main shaft
clamping device
outer diameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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JP30384298A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2000126963A (en
Inventor
都喜生 鎌田
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Okuma Corp
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Okuma Corp
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Filing date
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Priority to JP30384298A priority Critical patent/JP3684087B2/en
Publication of JP2000126963A publication Critical patent/JP2000126963A/en
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  • Gripping On Spindles (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
工作機械の工具クランプ装置に関するものであり、更に詳しくはドローバとコレットにより主軸に工具を固定する工具クランプ装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
図5はマシニングセンタ等工作機械の主軸頭の主軸先端の周辺部を示す断面図である。図5において、主軸頭本体101に複数の軸受102により回転可能に軸承される主軸103は貫通する中心穴103aを有し、先端部はテーパ穴103bに形成されている。主軸103の中心穴103aにはドローバ104が軸方向移動可能に挿通されている。ドローバ104は中心穴103a内に介装されるコイルばね108や図示しない積層した皿ばね等で常時後端方向へ付勢されており、ドローバ104は主軸先端方向の軸端部にたたき棒105が同心に固着されている。たたき棒105の先端に工具TのプルスタッドTaを把持するコレット106が係合している。
【0003】
図6において、公知のコレット106は円筒状に形成したものを複数個に分割して形成されている。たたき棒105の先端部分は大径部105a、中径部105b,小径部105cで示すように段付形状である。但しドローバ104とたたき棒105は一部品で形成される場合もある。分割されたコレット106の内径段付部とたたき棒105の外径段付部に組み付けてコレット106の外径に刻設された溝106aにリング状に形成されたばね107が嵌挿され、たたき棒105と一体状態で主軸103の穴103c内に組み込まれている。
【0004】
ドローバ104が主軸103の先端方向へ移動されたたき棒105の先端がプルスタッドTaをたたいて工具Tのテーパ面103bとの嵌着をゆるめる。更にたたき棒105が主軸先端方向に移動するとコレット106のプルスタッドTaの軸端段付部を外径で把持していたコレット106の先端部106bは引っ張りばね107の作用により外方向への力を分割片ごとに受けている。主軸103の溝103dにコレットの先端部106bの外形部106cが嵌まり込みプルスタッドTaの軸端がコレット先端部106bの内径を通り抜けることが出来るので工具Tを主軸103から取り外すことが可能となる。
【0005】
コレット106は通常主軸中心穴103cの内径に嵌装可能な外径をもつ円筒形状に加工され、その後一定歯幅のスリットカッタで分割されている。たたき棒105の小径部105cに、溝106aに嵌装された引っ張りばね107の圧縮力でコレット片を組み付けて一体化後ドローバ104を主軸103の先端部から挿入し、先端部106bが開いて溝103dに先端部106bが嵌まり込む。次に工具Tを主軸先端部103bに嵌装後ドローバ104を主軸後端方向へ引くとコレット106の先端部が閉じてプルスタッドTa軸端の段付部を把持し更にドローバ104への付勢力により工具Tは強固にテーパ穴103bに固定される。
【0006】
コレット先端部106bの外径と溝106aが刻設されたコレット後端部の外径は共に主軸中心穴103cの内径と摺動可能な状態にある。工具Tがドローバ104で固定されたときコレット106はプルスタッドTaを把持している。又コレット片は引っ張りばね107で保持されほぼ均等な隙間で配置されている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来技術で述べたドローバとコレットを用いて工具を主軸に固定する工具クランプ装置においては、分割したコレットで工具を把持して主軸後端方向への付勢力により工具を主軸テーパ部に固定する。
しかし分割したコレットを主軸中心穴に組み付ける場合や、工具の着脱を繰り返した後では、コレット爪の円周方向に残っている切断時の工具幅の空間だけ位置ずれが生ずる。特に主軸の高速回転時には主軸に振動が発生する結果これが工具振動を招き工具刃先寿命の低下や加工面の品質低下を招くという問題を有していた。
本発明は従来技術の有するこのような問題に鑑みなされたものであり、その目的とするところは主軸の高速回転時に分割したコレット爪が円周方向に移動して偏りが生じることがなく主軸振動が発生し難い工具クランプ装置を提供しようとするものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために本発明の主軸の工具クランプ装置は、工作機械の主軸中心穴に挿通されたドローバを軸方向に移動させ、複数に分割されたコレット片からなるコレット爪を閉じてプルスタッドを把持し更に前記ドローバが移動して工具を緊定する工具クランプ装置において、前記コレット爪の外方展開時にコレットの支点近傍の分割面相互間で干渉が生じないように、分割面の前記支点近傍からコレット後端迄逃げ溝を設け、前記コレットの工具緊定時にはコレット先端から前記逃げ溝迄の間で前記コレット片の分割面同志が密着するとともに、外径が前記主軸の中心穴より僅かに小径で滑合可能な円形状に形成され、主軸中心穴内で円周方向に偏りを生じないものである。
【0009】
このように構成されたコレットによれば主軸内でコレット片が工具着脱の繰り返しと共に主軸中心穴内でコレット分割時の切断溝の幅分が寄せられることもなくコレット爪の位置に偏りが生じない。又切り割る個所が多くても偏り発生の心配はない。そのため主軸の回転数を上昇させたり、更に高速主軸になってもコレット爪の偏りに基づく主軸の振動発生を生じさせないようにすることもできる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下本発明の実施の形態を図面にもとづいて説明する。
【0011】
図1は本発明のコレット(以下密着形コレットという)の製造に供する分割したコレットの斜視図であり、図2は切断後、コレット爪を分割面1dを密着させて同心に円筒状に組んだ場合の斜視図である。図3(a)はコレットの軸心を通る断面図であり、外径及び逃げ面の加工が完了した密着形コレットの断面図、(b)は左側面図、(c)は右側面図である。
【0012】
図1に示すコレットは切断幅mで複数片に分割されたもので分割前に図3に示す外径1b,1c以外は最終形状に仕上げられており、外径は主軸中心穴の内径に嵌挿可能寸法より若干大きい半径Rで加工されている。複数個のコレット爪は切断面を密着させ、形状が円弧を辺とするポリゴンで円筒状に構成する。前記円筒体は内径も円弧を辺とするポリゴンを形成されているのでこの内径に嵌着される寸度の径を有する棒状治具(例えばアーバ)でコレット片を固定し外径を加工する。
【0013】
図3,図4に示すコレットは図示しないドローバの軸端と主軸先端側でコレットの内径部の当接面1eと接し主軸中心の内径面にコレット外径面1b,1cが摺動可能に組み込まれる。ドローバの動きと同期してコレットの主軸先端方向へ移動したとき先端の爪1hは外径方向に広がるように付勢する図示しない引っ張りばねを嵌装する溝1aが刻設されている。
【0014】
コレットは内径側の端面1a上の角部の支点1fを支点として容易に爪1hが外方に展開する。コレットの支点1f近傍の分割面相互間で干渉が生じないように逃げ溝1kが設けられており面1j部分は密着することはない。この逃げ溝1kの加工は外径1b,1cの外径加工後に行うことができる。干渉量は微小であり、治具から取り外し後でも機械加工又はファイリング仕上げでも施工できる。
【0015】
コレットの溝1aの内径側はコレット爪1hが外方に展開した場合にドローバと干渉しないように内径テーパ面1gに加工がされている。又外径面1b,1cは同じ外径寸法に加工されている。分割前の半径R1 、分割する溝の幅2m、仕上げ後の半径R2 の間には幾何学的にR1 −R2 =√2mの関係が成立する。分割前に√2mの寸法だけ半径寸法を大きく加工しておけば分割後仕上げ後の半径R2 のコレットが得られる。この場合はコレット片と主軸中心の内径面とは点で接触する。分割後に√2mの寸法を削除すれはコレットの外径は、主軸中心の内径寸法に極めて近い微小隙間に加工されることになる。
【0016】
工具クランプ時の作用を以下に説明する。コレットのドローバ当接面に係合する図示しないドローバが主軸後端方向に移動しコレット爪1hが主軸中心穴の内径面に沿って外径面1cが小さくなり同時に図示しない工具のプルスタッドをプルスタッド当接面1nと係合し工具を主軸先端部のテーパ面に嵌装するに至る。
【0017】
コレット片同志が密着しコレット片が円周方向で相互位置が変化することがなく工具着脱が繰り返されても常に外径1c,1bは主軸中心穴で径方向が微小隙間で一定位置に案内されている。この結果主軸回転数が非常に高くなってもコレット片の偏りによる主軸の振動発生がない工具クランプ装置を構成することが可能となる。
【0018】
【発明の効果】
本発明の工具クランプ装置は上述のとおりドローバを移動させて工具を主軸に固定したときに分割されたコレット爪が主軸中心穴内で円筒状に嵌挿され、且つコレット外周と主軸内径の嵌合が滑合程度の隙間で嵌装されており、更にコレットの分割時の切断時に生じた平行な切断面が密着した状態でコレット外径が形成されているので、密着形コレットは主軸穴に嵌装され、高速回転させた時にもコレット片の位置関係に変化が生じないのでコレットに関して回転時アンバランスが生じることもなく、主軸に振動が生じない。その結果工具の刃先振動が少なく工具刃先寿命が長くなり、加工面の品質低下を防ぐので良好な加工面が長期にわたり得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明のコレット用に分割したコレット片の斜視図である。
【図2】切断面を密着させた外径加工前のコレットの斜視図である。
【図3】本発明のコレットの軸心を通る(a)は断面図、(b)は左側面図、(c)は右側面図である。
【図4】本発明のコレットの斜視図である。
【図5】従来形コレットが嵌装された主軸部の断面図である。
【図6】従来形2分割コレットの斜視図である。
【図7】従来形コレットの主軸内での偏りの説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 コレット片 1a 溝
1b,1c コレット外径面
1d 分割面 1f 支点
1g 内径テーパ面 1h コレット爪
1i 外径テーパ面 1j 逃げ面
1k 逃げ溝 1e ドローバ当接面
1n プルスタッド当接面
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
More particularly, the present invention relates to a tool clamping device for fixing a tool to a spindle by a draw bar and a collet.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the periphery of the spindle tip of the spindle head of a machine tool such as a machining center. In FIG. 5, a main shaft 103 rotatably supported by a plurality of bearings 102 on a main shaft head body 101 has a through-hole 103a, and a tip end portion is formed in a tapered hole 103b. A draw bar 104 is inserted in the center hole 103a of the main shaft 103 so as to be movable in the axial direction. The draw bar 104 is always urged toward the rear end by a coil spring 108 interposed in the center hole 103a or a laminated disc spring (not shown), and the draw bar 104 has a hitting bar 105 at the shaft end in the main shaft front end direction. It is fixed concentrically. A collet 106 that holds the pull stud Ta of the tool T is engaged with the tip of the hitting bar 105.
[0003]
In FIG. 6, a known collet 106 is formed by dividing a cylindrical shape into a plurality of parts. The tip of the hitting bar 105 has a stepped shape as indicated by a large diameter part 105a, a medium diameter part 105b, and a small diameter part 105c. However, the draw bar 104 and the hitting bar 105 may be formed as one part. A spring 107 formed in a ring shape is fitted into a groove 106a engraved on the outer diameter of the collet 106 by assembling the inner diameter stepped portion of the collet 106 and the outer diameter stepped portion of the hitting bar 105, and the hitting bar. 105 is integrated into the hole 103 c of the main shaft 103 in an integrated state.
[0004]
The drawbar 104 is moved in the direction of the tip of the main shaft 103 and the tip of the hammer 105 hits the pull stud Ta to loosen the fitting with the taper surface 103b of the tool T. Further, when the tap rod 105 moves in the direction of the main shaft tip, the tip end portion 106b of the collet 106 holding the shaft end stepped portion of the pull stud Ta of the collet 106 with an outer diameter exerts an outward force by the action of the tension spring 107. Received for each piece. The outer portion 106c of the collet tip 106b is fitted into the groove 103d of the main shaft 103, and the shaft end of the pull stud Ta can pass through the inner diameter of the collet tip 106b, so that the tool T can be removed from the main shaft 103. .
[0005]
The collet 106 is usually processed into a cylindrical shape having an outer diameter that can be fitted into the inner diameter of the main spindle center hole 103c, and then divided by a slit cutter having a constant tooth width. After the collet piece is assembled to the small diameter portion 105c of the hitting bar 105 by the compression force of the tension spring 107 fitted in the groove 106a and integrated, the draw bar 104 is inserted from the distal end portion of the main shaft 103, and the distal end portion 106b is opened to form the groove. The tip end portion 106b is fitted into 103d. Next, when the draw bar 104 is pulled in the direction of the main shaft rear end after the tool T is fitted to the main shaft front end portion 103b, the front end portion of the collet 106 closes, grips the stepped portion of the pull stud Ta shaft end, and further biases the draw bar 104. Thus, the tool T is firmly fixed to the tapered hole 103b.
[0006]
Both the outer diameter of the collet tip 106b and the outer diameter of the rear end of the collet in which the groove 106a is formed are slidable with the inner diameter of the spindle center hole 103c. When the tool T is fixed by the draw bar 104, the collet 106 holds the pull stud Ta. The collet pieces are held by a tension spring 107 and are arranged with substantially uniform gaps.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In a tool clamping device that fixes a tool to a spindle using a drawbar and a collet described in the prior art, the tool is held by a divided collet and fixed to the spindle taper portion by an urging force in the spindle rear end direction.
However, when the divided collet is assembled in the spindle center hole or after the tool is repeatedly attached and detached, the position of the collet claw is displaced by the space of the tool width at the time of cutting remaining in the circumferential direction. In particular, when the main shaft is rotated at a high speed, the main shaft vibrates. As a result, the tool vibrates, which causes a problem that the tool edge life is reduced and the quality of the machined surface is lowered.
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and the object of the present invention is that the collet claw divided during high-speed rotation of the main shaft moves in the circumferential direction and does not cause a bias, thereby causing main shaft vibration. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tool clamping device that is less likely to generate the problem.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a spindle tool clamping device according to the present invention moves a draw bar inserted through a spindle center hole of a machine tool in an axial direction, and closes and pulls a collet claw composed of a plurality of collet pieces. In a tool clamping device that grips the stud and further moves the draw bar to tighten the tool, the separation surface of the divided surface is prevented so that interference does not occur between the divided surfaces near the fulcrum of the collet when the collet claw is expanded outward. A relief groove is provided from the vicinity of the fulcrum to the rear end of the collet. When the collet is tightened, the split surfaces of the collet pieces are in close contact between the collet tip and the relief groove, and the outer diameter is larger than the central hole of the main shaft. It is formed in a slightly slidable circular shape with a small diameter, and does not cause a deviation in the circumferential direction within the main shaft center hole.
[0009]
According to the collet configured in this manner, the collet piece is repeatedly mounted and removed in the main shaft, and the width of the cutting groove at the time of the collet division is not shifted in the main shaft central hole, so that the position of the collet claw is not biased. Moreover, even if there are many parts to be cut, there is no fear of occurrence of bias. Therefore, the number of rotations of the main shaft can be increased, and even if the main shaft becomes a high-speed main shaft, vibrations of the main shaft can be prevented from being generated due to the bias of the collet claw.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0011]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a divided collet used for manufacturing a collet of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as a close-contact type collet). FIG. 2 shows a collet claw that is concentrically assembled into a cylindrical shape with the divided surface 1d in close contact after cutting. FIG. FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view through the axis of the collet, and is a cross-sectional view of the contact-type collet in which the processing of the outer diameter and the flank has been completed, FIG. 3B is a left side view, and FIG. is there.
[0012]
The collet shown in FIG. 1 is divided into a plurality of pieces with a cutting width m. Before the division, the outer shapes other than the outer diameters 1b and 1c shown in FIG. 3 are finished in the final shape, and the outer diameter is fitted to the inner diameter of the main shaft center hole. It is processed with a radius R slightly larger than the insertable dimension. A plurality of collet claws are formed in a cylindrical shape with polygons whose sides are in close contact with each other and whose shape is an arc. Since the cylindrical body is formed with polygons whose inner diameter is an arc as a side, the collet piece is fixed with a rod-shaped jig (for example, arbor) having a size fitted to the inner diameter, and the outer diameter is processed.
[0013]
The collet shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is in contact with the contact surface 1e of the inner diameter portion of the collet at the shaft end of the drawbar (not shown) and the front end of the main shaft, and the collet outer diameter surfaces 1b and 1c are slidably incorporated in the inner diameter surface of the main shaft center. It is. A groove 1a for fitting a tension spring (not shown) for energizing the tip claw 1h so as to spread in the outer diameter direction when the collet moves toward the tip end of the main shaft in synchronism with the movement of the drawbar.
[0014]
The collet easily expands the claw 1h outward with the fulcrum 1f at the corner on the end face 1a on the inner diameter side as a fulcrum. A relief groove 1k is provided so that interference does not occur between the divided surfaces in the vicinity of the fulcrum 1f of the collet, and the surface 1j portion is not in close contact. The clearance groove 1k can be processed after the outer diameters 1b and 1c are processed. The amount of interference is very small and can be applied after removal from the jig or by machining or filing.
[0015]
The inner diameter side of the groove 1a of the collet is machined into an inner diameter tapered surface 1g so as not to interfere with the draw bar when the collet claw 1h expands outward. The outer diameter surfaces 1b and 1c are processed to the same outer diameter. A geometrical relationship of R 1 −R 2 = √2 m is established among the radius R 1 before division, the width 2 m of the groove to be divided, and the radius R 2 after finishing. If the radius dimension is increased by a dimension of √2 m before dividing, a collet having a radius R 2 after finishing after dividing can be obtained. In this case, the collet piece and the inner diameter surface at the center of the spindle are in contact with each other at a point. If the dimension of √2 m is deleted after the division, the outer diameter of the collet is processed into a minute gap that is very close to the inner diameter dimension of the center of the spindle.
[0016]
The operation at the time of tool clamping will be described below. A drawbar (not shown) that engages the drawbar contact surface of the collet moves in the direction of the rear end of the main shaft, and the collet claw 1h decreases the outer diameter surface 1c along the inner diameter surface of the main shaft center hole. The tool engages with the stud abutting surface 1n and the tool is fitted on the tapered surface of the tip of the main shaft.
[0017]
Even if the collet pieces are in close contact with each other and the collet pieces do not change their position in the circumferential direction and the tool is repeatedly attached and detached, the outer diameters 1c and 1b are always guided to a fixed position with a central hole in the spindle and a small gap in the radial direction. ing. As a result, it is possible to configure a tool clamping device that does not generate vibration of the main shaft due to the bias of the collet piece even if the main shaft rotation speed becomes very high.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
In the tool clamping device of the present invention, as described above, the collet claw that is divided when the tool is fixed to the main shaft by moving the draw bar is inserted into a cylindrical shape in the main shaft center hole, and the outer periphery of the collet and the inner diameter of the main shaft are fitted. Since the collet outer diameter is formed in a state where the parallel cut surfaces generated at the time of cutting when the collet is divided are in close contact with each other, the close collet is fitted in the main shaft hole. Even when the collet is rotated at a high speed, there is no change in the positional relationship of the collet pieces. As a result, the cutting edge vibration of the tool is small and the tool cutting edge life is extended, and the quality of the processed surface is prevented from being deteriorated, so that a good processed surface can be obtained for a long time.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a collet piece divided for a collet of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a collet before outer diameter processing in which a cut surface is closely attached.
3A is a sectional view, FIG. 3B is a left side view, and FIG. 3C is a right side view passing through the collet axis of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a collet according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a main shaft portion fitted with a conventional collet.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a conventional two-part collet.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of a deviation in a main shaft of a conventional collet.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Collet piece 1a Groove 1b, 1c Collet outer diameter surface 1d Split surface 1f Support point 1g Inner diameter taper surface 1h Collet claw 1i Outer diameter taper surface 1j Relief surface 1k Relief groove 1e Drawbar contact surface 1n Pull stud contact surface

Claims (1)

工作機械の主軸中心穴に挿通されたドローバを軸方向に移動させ、複数に分割されたコレット片からなるコレット爪を閉じてプルスタッドを把持し更に前記ドローバが移動して工具を緊定する工具クランプ装置において、前記コレット爪の外方展開時にコレットの支点近傍の分割面相互間で干渉が生じないように、分割面の前記支点近傍からコレット後端迄逃げ溝を設け、前記コレットの工具緊定時にはコレット先端から前記逃げ溝迄の間で前記コレット片の分割面同志が密着するとともに、外径が前記主軸の中心穴より僅かに小径で滑合可能な円形状に形成され、主軸中心穴内で円周方向に偏りを生じないことを特徴とする工具クランプ装置 A tool that moves the draw bar inserted through the spindle center hole of the machine tool in the axial direction, closes the collet pawl made up of a plurality of collet pieces, grips the pull stud, and further moves the draw bar to tighten the tool. In the clamping device, an escape groove is provided from the vicinity of the fulcrum of the split surface to the rear end of the collet so that no interference occurs between the split surfaces near the fulcrum of the collet when the collet claw is expanded outwardly. At regular intervals, the collet segment split surfaces are in close contact between the collet tip and the escape groove, and the outer diameter is formed in a circular shape that is slightly smaller than the central hole of the main shaft and can be slid. A tool clamping device characterized in that there is no bias in the circumferential direction .
JP30384298A 1998-10-26 1998-10-26 Tool clamping device Expired - Lifetime JP3684087B2 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101733187B1 (en) 2015-08-13 2017-05-08 주종학 Vibration prevention device of the angle head

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107877204A (en) * 2017-11-30 2018-04-06 哈尔滨建成集团有限公司 A kind of rotatable clamp for being used for the ring parts with end-face hole and boring circumferential apertures
CN111958284B (en) * 2020-09-21 2021-10-15 珠海格力智能装备有限公司 Clamping assembly, clamping device and lathe

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101733187B1 (en) 2015-08-13 2017-05-08 주종학 Vibration prevention device of the angle head

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