JP3685400B2 - Method for producing concentrated coffee liquid for dispenser - Google Patents
Method for producing concentrated coffee liquid for dispenser Download PDFInfo
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- JP3685400B2 JP3685400B2 JP2001308357A JP2001308357A JP3685400B2 JP 3685400 B2 JP3685400 B2 JP 3685400B2 JP 2001308357 A JP2001308357 A JP 2001308357A JP 2001308357 A JP2001308357 A JP 2001308357A JP 3685400 B2 JP3685400 B2 JP 3685400B2
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- coffee
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 27
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- OMDQUFIYNPYJFM-XKDAHURESA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-[(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)O1 OMDQUFIYNPYJFM-XKDAHURESA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000926 Galactomannan Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 102100032487 Beta-mannosidase Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 108010055059 beta-Mannosidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000533293 Sesbania emerus Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006911 enzymatic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000711 locust bean gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Tea And Coffee (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ディスペンサー用濃縮コーヒー液の製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
コーヒーディスペンサーに用いられている濃縮コーヒー液は、飲用カップ内に供給され、冷水または温水にて希釈して飲用されている。しかし、濃縮コーヒー液の吐出量が安定せず、均一な商品提供を困難にしている。
【0003】
濃縮液の吐出量を安定に維持するために、さまざまな方法が提案されている。自動販売機やディスペンサー等の装置を改良する例として、特開昭57−201982号公報に記載されているように、濃縮液を吐出するダイアフラムポンプを制御することで、安定した吐出量を維持している。また、特開平7−257691号公報では、給液装置の吐出部に内圧調整孔を設置することで、ポンプ圧力を一定に保ち、安定した吐出量を確保している。
【0004】
濃縮コーヒー液側の問題として、ディスペンサー等で使用中に濃縮コーヒーの液性が変化し易く、一定の吐出量を保つことが困難であるという問題点がある。特に粘性の変化は、吐出量に大きく影響を与える。濃縮コーヒー液の粘性変化は、原料やプロセスの相違、長期保存による変化、貯蔵温度による相違等により異なる。
【0005】
粘度を調整して濃縮コーヒー液を製造する方法は、特開昭58−81737号公報では、濃縮コーヒー抽出液に糖類を加えて氷結点を低下させ、粘度を調整し、不活性ガスで置換することで、より保存性の優れた加糖入り濃縮コーヒー液の製造方法が記載されている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
近年、濃縮コーヒー液の原料として高温高圧抽出液が注目されているが、大気圧抽出液に比べて、濃縮工程におけるコーヒーの粘度上昇が著しく、従来の方法では良好なディスペンサー用濃縮コーヒー液を得ることは困難であった。
【0007】
そこで、本発明の目的は、原料の如何に関わらず、粘度の上昇が抑制され、安定した吐出量を一定期間維持するディスペンサー用濃縮コーヒー液の製造方法を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成すべく、ディスペンサーにおける濃縮コーヒー液の吐出量の安定化について鋭意研究したところ、製造後所定の期間、粘度を一定の範囲内に保つことが可能な濃縮コーヒー液を製造する方法を見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0009】
即ち、本発明のディスペンサー用濃縮コーヒー液の製造方法は、コーヒー抽出液をガラクトマンナン分解酵素で処理し、次いでアルカリ剤を添加した後、コーヒー固形分濃度を20〜40重量%に濃縮する工程を含むディスペンサー用濃縮コーヒー液の製造方法において、前記アルカリ剤が水酸化カリウムであり、その添加が前記コーヒー固形分に対して0.5〜2.0重量%であることを特徴とする。
【0010】
前記ガラクトマンナン分解酵素がアスペルギルス・ニガー(Aspergillus niger)由来のマンナナーゼであって、当該マンナナーゼの添加量がコーヒー固形分に対して10〜30units/gであることが好ましく、前記濃縮コーヒー液は、製造後5℃以下で少なくとも3週間保存時の粘度がB型粘度計(5℃)で1〜25mPa・sであることが好ましい。
【0012】
[作用効果]
本発明のディスペンサー用濃縮コーヒー液の製造方法によると、濃縮前のコーヒー液をガラクトマンナン分解酵素により処理し、次いでアルカリ剤を添加することにより、濃縮後のコーヒー液について、粘度の上昇を抑え、かつ酸化による粘性の変化および沈殿の発生も防止され、一定期間粘度が安定するという効果を奏する。
【0013】
また、前記ガラクトマンナン分解酵素およびアルカリ剤の添加量をコーヒー固形分に対して的確に規定することにより、濃縮コーヒー液の粘度上昇を有効かつ効率的に抑制することができる。
【0014】
また、製造された濃縮コーヒー液は、製造後5℃以下で少なくとも3週間保存時の粘度が所定の範囲内であり、ディスペンサーでの吐出量が安定するという効果を奏する。
【0015】
さらに、前記コーヒー抽出液が高温高圧抽出液を主成分とする場合であっても、製造された濃縮コーヒー液は、製造後5℃以下で少なくとも3週間保存時の粘度が所定の範囲内であり、ディスペンサーでの吐出量が安定するという効果を奏する。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について、説明する。
【0017】
本発明で使用するコーヒー抽出液は、特に制限されるものではないが、大気圧抽出液と高温高圧抽出液とに大別され、それぞれ単独で使用してもよく、両者を適当な割合で混合して使用してもよい。また、大気圧抽出液または高温高圧抽出液を一旦乾燥した粉末コーヒーを溶解して液体にした抽出液であってもよい。また、前記抽出液は、別の方法で濃縮した濃縮液を一部含むものであってもよい。
【0018】
前記大気圧抽出液とは、大気圧条件下で100℃以下の水で抽出したコーヒー液をいい、公知の装置および方法で製造することができる。
【0019】
前記高温高圧抽出液とは、大気圧よりも高い圧力条件下で100℃の水を加圧することにより、100℃を越える熱水で抽出したコーヒー液をいう。本発明においては、コーヒー固形分の収率とコーヒーの風味とのバランスから、100℃〜180℃が好ましく、120℃〜170℃がより好ましい。前記高温高圧抽出液は、耐圧性の抽出機を用いて公知の方法により製造することができる。
【0020】
本発明においてコーヒー固形分は、デジタル屈折計にて測定した値である。
【0021】
本発明で用いるガラクトマンナン分解酵素は、ガラクトマンナンを分解し、かつ食品製造に使用される酵素であれば特に制限されるものではないが、アスペルギルス・ニガー(Aspergillus niger)由来のマンナナーゼであって、力価は10000units/g以上であることが好ましい。
【0022】
前記マンナナーゼの力価(ガラクトマンナン糖化力)は、ローカストビーンガム(pH5.0)を基質とし、40℃、1分間に1μmoleのマンノースに相当する還元力の増加をもたらす酵素量を1unitとする。
【0023】
前記アスペルギルス・ニガー由来のマンナナーゼを用いた場合、この酵素の添加量は、ガラクトマンナンの分解を必要かつ十分に行うためには、コーヒー抽出液の固形分に対して10〜30units/gが好ましく、10〜25units/gがより好ましい。
【0024】
なかでも、前記ガラクトマンナン分解酵素は、セルロシンGM5(商品名、阪急バイオインダストリー製、Aspergillus niger 由来、10000units/g)がより好ましい。この酵素の添加量は、ガラクトマンナンの分解を必要かつ十分に行うためにはコーヒー抽出液の固形分あたり0.10〜0.30重量%が好ましく、0.10〜0.25重量%がより好ましい。
【0025】
前記コーヒー抽出液のpHは、20℃でpH4.5〜5.8程度であり、ガラクトマンナン分解酵素の至適pH内であるので、本発明においては、特にコーヒー抽出液のpHを調整せずに以下の酵素処理を行うことができる。
【0026】
まず、前記コーヒー抽出液にガラクトマンナン酵素を添加する。酵素添加中および酵素反応中は、反応液を撹拌することが好ましい。この際の添加量、反応温度および反応時間は、使用する酵素の種類または活性等によって適した条件を選択すればよい。
【0027】
たとえば、商品名セルロシンGM5(阪急バイオインダストリー製、Aspergillus niger 由来、10000units/g)の場合、前記したように、コーヒー抽出液の固形分に対して0.10〜0.30重量%添加することが好ましい。反応温度は、30〜60℃が好ましく、反応時間は、少なくとも1時間反応させればよい。
【0028】
反応終了後、アルカリ剤を添加する。本発明において使用されるアルカリ剤は、濃縮後のコーヒー液の酸化を防止して粘性の変化および沈殿の発生を有効に抑制するものであり、水酸化カリウムである。
【0029】
アルカリ剤の添加量は、コーヒー固形分に対して0.5〜2.0重量%である。
【0030】
次いで、アルカリ剤添加後のコーヒー抽出液を濃縮する。濃縮方法としては、特に制限されるものではなく、公知の方法にて濃縮することができる。例えば、減圧濃縮、膜濃縮、凍結濃縮等が挙げられる。
【0031】
濃縮工程終了後、コーヒー液を加熱することにより、酵素を失活させる。加熱条件は、85〜130℃で60分〜30秒間程度である。
【0032】
濃縮工程州利用後の濃縮コーヒー液は、ディスペンサーでの使用に適したものとするため、固形分の濃度を20〜40%にする。固形分の濃度の調整は、濃縮時間の加減等により行う。
【0033】
このようにして製造された濃縮コーヒー液は、ディスペンサーでの使用に適したものとするため、用いるディスペンサーに応じた容器に包装され、加熱滅菌される。なお、前記酵素の失活は、加熱滅菌と同時に行ってもよい。
【0034】
包装後加熱滅菌されたディスペンサー用濃縮コーヒー液は、品質を一定に保持するため、流通段階では5℃以下、より好ましくは0℃以下で流通保存することが好ましい。ディスペンサーに設置された後は、前記コーヒー液は、0℃〜5℃の範囲内で保存、使用されることが好ましい。ディスペンサー内での設置期間は、風味の低下や液性の変化を防ぐため、3週間以内が好ましい。
【0035】
本発明の方法により得られたディスペンサー用濃縮コーヒー液は、大気圧抽出液を主成分とするか高温高圧抽出液を主成分とするかで多少の差はあるが、上記のような保存状態、すなわち、5℃以下で少なくとも3週間保存した後において、B型粘度計(5℃)による粘度は、好ましくは1〜25mPa・sであり、より好ましくは1〜20mPa・sである。
【0036】
前記粘度は、JIS Z 8803に準じて測定した値である。
【0037】
本発明の方法により得られたディスペンサー用濃縮コーヒー液は、現在使用されているいかなる機種のディスペンサーにも対応可能である。使用可能な機種を吐出方法により例示すると、ドーシングチューブ式、チューブポンプ式、自然落下式、エアーポンプ式、ベローポンプ式、バイモルポンプ式等の機種が挙げられる。これらの機種の中で、比較的吐出精度が高いという観点から、ドーシングチューブ式およびチューブポンプ式の機種が好ましい。
【0038】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の構成と効果を具体的に示す実施例等について説明するが、本発明は、これらの実施例等により制限されるものではない。
【0039】
[参考例1]
実施例に先立ち、ディスペンサー内での保管条件における濃縮液の粘性の経時変化を調べた。
【0040】
7. 5kgの粉砕したコーヒー豆を、90℃〜100℃の水で大気圧抽出し、22.5kgの大気圧抽出液を得た。次いで、大気圧抽出後のコーヒー豆を高温高圧の熱水で抽出(抽出温度120℃〜170℃)し、90kgの抽出液を得た。得られた高温高圧抽出液を、後述の実施例1に記載のようにガラクトマンナン分解酵素で処理し、次いで、水酸化カリウムを添加し、抽出液Aを得た。比較のため、酵素処理とアルカリ剤添加を両方行わなかった抽出液Bおよび酵素処理のみ行った抽出液Cも調製した。これら3種類の抽出液を減圧加熱濃縮機により28重量%のコーヒー固形分となるまで濃縮し、濃縮液を90℃で30分間加熱して前記酵素を失活させて、濃縮液A、B、Cをそれぞれ得た。参考のため、市販のディスペンサー用濃縮液D(固形分28重量%)も準備した。前記濃縮液Dは、大気圧抽出液と高温高圧抽出液とを混合した液を常法により濃縮したものである。
【0041】
得られた濃縮液A、B、Cおよび市販の濃縮液Dをディスペンサー内の温度と同じ5℃で保管し、粘度を測定した。粘度の測定は、JIS Z 8803に準じてB型粘度計(5℃)で測定した。結果を表1に示す。
【0042】
【表1】
表1より、濃縮液A、濃縮液Bおよび濃縮液Cを比較すると、粘度に1. 5倍〜5. 6倍の差があり、濃縮液Aの粘度は少なくとも21日間安定していることがわかる。また、酵素処理単独の濃縮液Cよりも、アルカリ剤添加を併用した濃縮液Aの方が粘度の上昇が抑えられていることがわかる。
【0043】
さらに、前記濃縮液をディスペンサーで使用して吐出量と粘度の関係を調べたところ、粘度が25mPa・s以下であれば吐出量が非常に安定することがわかった。したがって、濃縮液Aは、濃縮液Dよりも安定した吐出量を供給することが可能である。
【0044】
[実施例1]
7. 5kgの粉砕したコーヒー豆を、90℃〜100℃の水で大気圧抽出し、22.5kgの大気圧抽出液を得た。次いで、大気圧抽出後のコーヒー豆を高温高圧の熱水で抽出(抽出温度120℃〜170℃)し、90kgの抽出液を得た。得られた高温高圧抽出液を回転数8000rpmで遠心分離して不溶性成分を除去した。遠心分離後の抽出液の固形分をデジタル屈折計(RX−5000)により測定したところ、2.5重量%であった。この抽出液に、ガラクトマンナン分解酵素(商品名:セルロシンGM5、阪急バイオインダストリー製、力価10000units/g)を、前記固形分に対して0. 1重量%添加し、撹拌させながら、40℃で1時間反応させた。反応終了後、反応液にコーヒー固形分当たり2 重量%の水酸化カリウムを添加し、次いで、減圧加熱濃縮機により28重量%のコーヒー固形分となるまで濃縮し、濃縮液を90℃で30分間加熱して前記酵素を失活させた。
【0045】
前記濃縮コーヒー液をドーシングノズル付きのBIBパックに充填し、ディスペンサー用濃縮コーヒーパックを製造した。
【0046】
前記ディスペンサー用濃縮コーヒーパックを、モコマット製コーヒーシステムディスペンサー(A−13F)に設置し、経時的に吐出量と粘度を測定した。なお、ディスペンサー内は、5℃に保たれていた。ディスペンサーの設定条件は、希釈比率は1:25(濃縮コーヒー:温水)、濃縮コーヒーの吐出量は4. 31g (3. 846ml) 、希釈後の液容量は100mlであった。吐出量は、1日後、5日後および21日後に測定し、それぞれ20回の測定値を平均した値である。また、全3日にわたって測定した吐出量を算術平均し、標準偏差も求めた。粘度の測定は、JIS Z 8803に準じてB型粘度計(5℃)で測定した。得られた結果を表2に示す。
【0047】
[比較例1]
実施例1において、高温高圧抽出液を酵素処理および水酸化カリウムの添加をしないこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、濃縮コーヒー液を調製し、ディスペンサー用濃縮コーヒーパックを製造した。
【0048】
前記濃縮コーヒーパックを、実施例1と同様にディスペンサーに設置し、吐出量と粘度を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
【0049】
[比較例2]
参考例1で使用した市販のディスペンサー用濃縮液D(固形分28重量%、BIBパック入り)を、実施例1と同様にして吐出量と粘度を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
【0050】
【表2】
表2より、実施例1で得られた濃縮コーヒー液は、比較例1および比較例2の濃縮液と比べて、吐出量がほぼ一定の量で安定し、ばらつきも小さかった。また、実施例1の濃縮コーヒー液は、21日経過後も粘度の変化が小さく、粘度が25mPa・s以下で安定していることと吐出量の安定化とが相関していることがわかる。
【0051】
[参考例2]
実施例1および比較例1で製造した濃縮コーヒーパックならびに比較例2で使用した市販のディスペンサー用濃縮コーヒーパックを、ディスペンサー内で保管し、濃縮コーヒー液の沈殿の発生状況を目視にて観察した。結果を表3に示す。
【0052】
【表3】
表3より、実施例1で得られた濃縮コーヒー液は、比較例1および2の濃縮液と比べて、21日経過後も沈殿の発生がほとんどみられず、このことからもディスペンサーで使用した場合に沈殿によるノズルの目詰まりを起こさず、吐出量が安定することがわかる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a concentrated coffee liquid for a dispenser.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The concentrated coffee liquid used in the coffee dispenser is supplied into a drinking cup and is drunk after being diluted with cold water or hot water. However, the discharge amount of concentrated coffee liquid is not stable, making it difficult to provide uniform products.
[0003]
Various methods have been proposed in order to stably maintain the discharge amount of the concentrate. As an example of improving devices such as vending machines and dispensers, as described in JP-A-57-201982, a diaphragm pump that discharges concentrated liquid is controlled to maintain a stable discharge amount. ing. In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-257691, an internal pressure adjusting hole is provided in the discharge portion of the liquid supply device, so that the pump pressure is kept constant and a stable discharge amount is secured.
[0004]
As a problem on the concentrated coffee liquid side, there is a problem that the liquidity of the concentrated coffee is easily changed during use with a dispenser or the like, and it is difficult to maintain a constant discharge amount. In particular, the change in viscosity greatly affects the discharge amount. The viscosity change of the concentrated coffee liquor varies depending on differences in raw materials and processes, changes due to long-term storage, differences due to storage temperature, and the like.
[0005]
In JP-A-58-81737, a method for producing a concentrated coffee liquid by adjusting the viscosity is described in JP-A-58-81737, where sugars are added to the concentrated coffee extract to lower the freezing point, the viscosity is adjusted, and the gas is replaced with an inert gas. Thus, a method of producing a concentrated coffee liquid containing sweetened with better storage stability is described.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In recent years, high-temperature and high-pressure extract has attracted attention as a raw material for concentrated coffee liquor. However, compared with atmospheric extract, the viscosity of coffee is significantly increased in the concentration process, and the conventional method provides a good concentrated coffee solution for dispensers. It was difficult.
[0007]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a concentrated coffee liquid for a dispenser that suppresses an increase in viscosity and maintains a stable discharge amount for a certain period regardless of the raw material.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventors diligently studied about stabilization of the discharge amount of the concentrated coffee liquid in the dispenser. As a result, the concentrated coffee capable of maintaining the viscosity within a certain range for a predetermined period after the production. The inventors have found a method for producing a liquid and have completed the present invention.
[0009]
That is, the method for producing a concentrated coffee liquid for a dispenser according to the present invention comprises a step of treating a coffee extract with a galactomannan degrading enzyme and then adding an alkaline agent, and then concentrating the coffee solid content concentration to 20 to 40% by weight. 0 the method of manufacturing a dispenser for coffee concentrate solution, said alkaline agent is potassium hydroxide, the addition of that is relative to the coffee solids containing. 5 to 2.0% by weight.
[0010]
Wherein a galactomannan-degrading enzyme is Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) from mannanase, it is preferable that the addition amount of the mannanase is 10~30units / g relative to coffee solids, the coffee concentrate solution prepared It is preferable that the viscosity when stored at 5 ° C. or lower for at least 3 weeks is 1 to 25 mPa · s by a B-type viscometer (5 ° C.) .
[0012]
[Function and effect]
According to the method for producing a concentrated coffee liquid for a dispenser of the present invention, the coffee liquid before concentration is treated with a galactomannan degrading enzyme, and then an alkaline agent is added to the concentrated coffee liquid to suppress an increase in viscosity. In addition, the viscosity change due to oxidation and the occurrence of precipitation are prevented, and the viscosity is stabilized for a certain period.
[0013]
Moreover, the viscosity increase of a concentrated coffee liquid can be suppressed effectively and efficiently by correctly defining the addition amount of the galactomannan degrading enzyme and the alkaline agent with respect to the coffee solid content.
[0014]
Further, the produced concentrated coffee liquid has an effect that the viscosity when stored at 5 ° C. or lower and stored for at least 3 weeks is within a predetermined range, and the discharge amount by the dispenser is stabilized.
[0015]
Further, even when the coffee extract is mainly composed of a high-temperature and high-pressure extract, the produced concentrated coffee solution has a viscosity when stored at 5 ° C. or less for at least 3 weeks within a predetermined range. There is an effect that the discharge amount in the dispenser is stabilized.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
[0017]
The coffee extract used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is roughly classified into an atmospheric pressure extract and a high temperature and high pressure extract, and each may be used alone, or both may be mixed at an appropriate ratio. May be used. Moreover, the extract which melt | dissolved the powdered coffee which once dried the atmospheric pressure extract or the high temperature / high pressure extract may be used. The extract may contain a part of the concentrate concentrated by another method.
[0018]
The said atmospheric pressure extraction liquid means the coffee liquid extracted with the water of 100 degrees C or less under atmospheric pressure conditions, and can be manufactured with a well-known apparatus and method.
[0019]
The high-temperature high-pressure extract refers to a coffee liquid extracted with hot water exceeding 100 ° C. by pressurizing 100 ° C. water under a pressure condition higher than atmospheric pressure. In this invention, 100 to 180 degreeC is preferable and 120 to 170 degreeC is more preferable from the balance of the yield of coffee solid content, and the flavor of coffee. The high-temperature and high-pressure extract can be produced by a known method using a pressure-resistant extractor.
[0020]
In the present invention, the coffee solid content is a value measured with a digital refractometer.
[0021]
The galactomannan-degrading enzyme used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an enzyme that degrades galactomannan and is used in food production, and is a mannanase derived from Aspergillus niger, The titer is preferably 10,000 units / g or more.
[0022]
The titer of mannanase (galactomannan saccharification power) uses locust bean gum (pH 5.0) as a substrate, and the amount of enzyme that causes an increase in reducing power corresponding to 1 μmole of mannose at 40 ° C. for 1 minute is defined as 1 unit.
[0023]
When mannanase derived from the Aspergillus niger is used, the amount of the enzyme added is preferably 10 to 30 units / g based on the solid content of the coffee extract in order to perform necessary and sufficient decomposition of galactomannan, 10-25 units / g is more preferable.
[0024]
Among them, the galactomannan degrading enzyme is more preferably cellulosin GM5 (trade name, manufactured by Hankyu Bioindustry, derived from Aspergillus niger, 10000 units / g). The amount of the enzyme added is preferably 0.10 to 0.30% by weight, more preferably 0.10 to 0.25% by weight, based on the solid content of the coffee extract in order to perform galactomannan decomposition sufficiently and necessary. preferable.
[0025]
Since the pH of the coffee extract is about 4.5 to 5.8 at 20 ° C. and is within the optimum pH of the galactomannan degrading enzyme, the pH of the coffee extract is not particularly adjusted in the present invention. In addition, the following enzyme treatment can be performed.
[0026]
First, a galactomannan enzyme is added to the coffee extract. It is preferable to stir the reaction solution during the enzyme addition and the enzyme reaction. The addition amount, reaction temperature, and reaction time at this time may be selected appropriately depending on the type or activity of the enzyme used.
[0027]
For example, in the case of the trade name Cerulosin GM5 (manufactured by Hankyu Bioindustry, derived from Aspergillus niger, 10000 units / g), as described above, 0.10 to 0.30% by weight may be added to the solid content of the coffee extract. preferable. The reaction temperature is preferably 30 to 60 ° C. and the reaction time may be at least 1 hour.
[0028]
After completion of the reaction, an alkali agent is added. Alkali agent used in the present invention is to prevent oxidation of the coffee liquid after concentration all SANYO to effectively suppress the occurrence of a change in viscosity and sedimentation, water potassium oxide.
[0029]
The amount of alkali agent added is 0. 5 to 2.0% by weight.
[0030]
Next, the coffee extract after addition of the alkaline agent is concentrated. The concentration method is not particularly limited, and it can be concentrated by a known method. For example, vacuum concentration, membrane concentration, freeze concentration and the like can be mentioned.
[0031]
After the concentration step, the enzyme is deactivated by heating the coffee liquid. The heating condition is about 85 to 130 ° C. for about 60 minutes to 30 seconds.
[0032]
In order to make the concentrated coffee liquid after use in the concentration process state suitable for use in a dispenser, the concentration of the solid content is set to 20 to 40% . The concentration of the solid content is adjusted by adjusting the concentration time.
[0033]
In order to make the concentrated coffee liquid thus produced suitable for use in a dispenser, it is packaged in a container according to the dispenser to be used and sterilized by heating. The inactivation of the enzyme may be performed simultaneously with heat sterilization.
[0034]
The concentrated coffee liquor for a dispenser that has been sterilized by heating after packaging is preferably stored and distributed at 5 ° C. or less, more preferably 0 ° C. or less in the distribution stage in order to maintain a constant quality. After being installed in the dispenser, the coffee liquid is preferably stored and used within a range of 0 ° C to 5 ° C. The installation period in the dispenser is preferably within 3 weeks in order to prevent a decrease in flavor and a change in liquidity.
[0035]
The concentrated coffee liquid for the dispenser obtained by the method of the present invention has a slight difference depending on whether the main component is an atmospheric pressure extract or a high temperature and high pressure extract, but the storage state as described above, That is, after storage at 5 ° C. or lower for at least 3 weeks, the viscosity with a B-type viscometer (5 ° C.) is preferably 1 to 25 mPa · s, more preferably 1 to 20 mPa · s.
[0036]
The viscosity is a value measured according to JIS Z 8803.
[0037]
The concentrated coffee liquid for a dispenser obtained by the method of the present invention can be applied to any type of dispenser currently used. Examples of usable models are the dosing tube type, tube pump type, natural drop type, air pump type, bellow pump type, bimol pump type, and the like. Among these models, a dosing tube type and a tube pump type are preferable from the viewpoint of relatively high discharge accuracy.
[0038]
【Example】
Hereinafter, examples and the like specifically showing the configuration and effects of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to these examples and the like.
[0039]
[Reference Example 1]
Prior to the examples, the change over time in the viscosity of the concentrated liquid under storage conditions in the dispenser was examined.
[0040]
7.5 kg of ground coffee beans were extracted with 90 ° C. to 100 ° C. water at atmospheric pressure to obtain 22.5 kg of atmospheric pressure extract. Next, the coffee beans after the atmospheric pressure extraction were extracted with hot water of high temperature and high pressure (extraction temperature 120 ° C. to 170 ° C.) to obtain 90 kg of an extract. The obtained high-temperature and high-pressure extract was treated with a galactomannan degrading enzyme as described in Example 1 below, and then potassium hydroxide was added to obtain Extract A. For comparison, an extract B that was not subjected to both enzyme treatment and addition of an alkaline agent and an extract C that was subjected only to enzyme treatment were also prepared. These three kinds of extracts are concentrated to 28% by weight of coffee solids using a vacuum heat concentrator, and the concentrate is heated at 90 ° C. for 30 minutes to deactivate the enzyme. C was obtained respectively. For reference, a commercially available concentrate D for dispensers (solid content 28% by weight) was also prepared. The concentrate D is obtained by concentrating a liquid obtained by mixing an atmospheric pressure extract and a high-temperature high-pressure extract by a conventional method.
[0041]
The obtained concentrated liquids A, B, and C and the commercially available concentrated liquid D were stored at 5 ° C., the same as the temperature in the dispenser, and the viscosity was measured. The viscosity was measured with a B-type viscometer (5 ° C.) according to JIS Z 8803. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0042]
[Table 1]
From Table 1, when concentrated solution A, concentrated solution B, and concentrated solution C are compared, there is a difference of 1.5 to 5.6 times in viscosity, and the viscosity of concentrated solution A is stable for at least 21 days. Understand. Moreover, it turns out that the raise of the viscosity of the concentrate A which used the alkaline agent addition together is suppressed rather than the concentrate C of enzyme processing single.
[0043]
Furthermore, when the concentrated liquid was used with a dispenser to examine the relationship between the discharge amount and the viscosity, it was found that the discharge amount was very stable if the viscosity was 25 mPa · s or less. Therefore, the concentrate A can supply a more stable discharge amount than the concentrate D.
[0044]
[Example 1]
7.5 kg of ground coffee beans were extracted with 90 ° C. to 100 ° C. water at atmospheric pressure to obtain 22.5 kg of atmospheric pressure extract. Next, the coffee beans after the atmospheric pressure extraction were extracted with hot water of high temperature and high pressure (extraction temperature 120 ° C. to 170 ° C.) to obtain 90 kg of an extract. The obtained high-temperature high-pressure extract was centrifuged at 8000 rpm to remove insoluble components. It was 2.5 weight% when solid content of the extract after centrifugation was measured with the digital refractometer (RX-5000). To this extract, galactomannan degrading enzyme (trade name: Cellulosin GM5, manufactured by Hankyu Bioindustry Co., Ltd., titer 10,000 units / g) was added at 0.1% by weight with respect to the solid content, and the mixture was stirred at 40 ° C. The reaction was carried out for 1 hour. After completion of the reaction, 2% by weight of potassium hydroxide per coffee solid content is added to the reaction solution, and then concentrated to 28% by weight of coffee solid content by a vacuum heating and concentrating machine. The enzyme was inactivated by heating.
[0045]
The concentrated coffee liquid was filled into a BIB pack equipped with a dosing nozzle to produce a concentrated coffee pack for a dispenser.
[0046]
The concentrated coffee pack for the dispenser was placed in a Mocomat coffee system dispenser (A-13F), and the discharge amount and viscosity were measured over time. The inside of the dispenser was kept at 5 ° C. The setting conditions of the dispenser were: dilution ratio 1:25 (concentrated coffee: warm water), discharge amount of concentrated coffee 4.31 g (3.846 ml), and the liquid volume after dilution was 100 ml. The discharge amount is measured after 1 day, 5 days and 21 days, and is an average of 20 measured values. In addition, the discharge amount measured over all three days was arithmetically averaged to obtain the standard deviation. The viscosity was measured with a B-type viscometer (5 ° C.) according to JIS Z 8803. The obtained results are shown in Table 2.
[0047]
[Comparative Example 1]
In Example 1, a concentrated coffee liquid was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the high-temperature and high-pressure extract was not subjected to enzyme treatment and addition of potassium hydroxide, and a concentrated coffee pack for a dispenser was produced.
[0048]
The concentrated coffee pack was placed in a dispenser in the same manner as in Example 1, and the discharge amount and viscosity were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0049]
[Comparative Example 2]
The discharge amount and viscosity of the commercially available concentrate D for dispenser used in Reference Example 1 (solid content 28% by weight, with BIB pack) were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0050]
[Table 2]
From Table 2, the concentrated coffee liquid obtained in Example 1 was stable at a substantially constant discharge amount and less varied than the concentrated liquids of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. Further, it can be seen that the concentrated coffee liquid of Example 1 has a small change in viscosity even after 21 days, and that the viscosity is stable at 25 mPa · s or less is correlated with the stabilization of the discharge amount.
[0051]
[Reference Example 2]
The concentrated coffee pack produced in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 and the commercially available concentrated coffee pack for dispenser used in Comparative Example 2 were stored in the dispenser, and the occurrence of precipitation of the concentrated coffee liquid was visually observed. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0052]
[Table 3]
From Table 3, the concentrated coffee liquid obtained in Example 1 shows almost no precipitation even after 21 days compared to the concentrated liquids of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and this is also the case when used in a dispenser. It can be seen that the nozzle is not clogged due to sedimentation and the discharge amount is stable.
Claims (2)
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