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JP3686936B2 - Gas separation membrane - Google Patents
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JP3686936B2 - Gas separation membrane - Google Patents

Gas separation membrane Download PDF

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JP3686936B2
JP3686936B2 JP2001243113A JP2001243113A JP3686936B2 JP 3686936 B2 JP3686936 B2 JP 3686936B2 JP 2001243113 A JP2001243113 A JP 2001243113A JP 2001243113 A JP2001243113 A JP 2001243113A JP 3686936 B2 JP3686936 B2 JP 3686936B2
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nitrogen
oxygen
membrane
gas
separation
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JP2003053167A (en
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洋幸 須田
賢治 原谷
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、水素、ヘリウム、二酸化炭素、酸素、炭化水素などのガスを含有する気体混合物から特定の気体を効率良く分離し得る新規な気体分離膜に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年環境・省エネルギーの観点から、水素、ヘリウム、二酸化炭素、酸素、炭化水素などのガスを含有する気体混合物から所望とする気体を膜によって分離・回収する技術が注目されている。
【0003】
たとえば「空気分離」は、ほぼ無尽蔵に存在する空気中の酸素と窒素を有機高分子膜によって分離し各々を有効利用しようという方法である。この場合、応用分野としては例えば、濃縮酸素の鉄鋼化学・医学分野への利用や、包装会社や半導体工場などでの不活性ガスとしての利用等が挙げられる。
【0004】
空気分離用の有機高分子分離膜は多数報告されているが、いずれも酸素/窒素選択性が1−5前後で実用レベルに達していない。そこで、酸素/窒素分離性能を向上させることを目的として、高分子膜を酸化処理した後にフッ素化処理する方法が特開平5−329342号公報に、また、高分子膜内に金属錯体を導入したいわゆる金属含有高分子膜の製造法が特開平4−29731号公報等に記載されている。
【0005】
しかし、これらの酸素と窒素の分離係数はいずれも約3〜14程度であり気体分離膜として不十分であり、耐熱性・機械的強度にも問題があった。
【0006】
さらに、コバルトジヒスチジン金属錯体を含浸させたいわゆる液膜の酸素透過速度=3.1〜20 x 10-7 cm3 cm-2 sec-1 cmHg-1、酸素/窒素の分離係数=25〜64である気体分離膜が特開平1−242124号公報に記載されているが、含浸用溶媒が減ると分離性能が保持できなくなるという点で、安定性に大きな問題があった。
【0007】
一方、耐熱性・安定性に富む分離膜として炭素膜が挙げられるが、これに関しては例えば、ポリイミト゛を含む繊維形成性線状重合体の炭化による炭素平膜・炭素中空糸膜の製造方法が、特開昭60−179102号公報、60−202703号公報に記載されている。
【0008】
だが、これらの炭素膜は、例えばその酸素透過速度は1.4〜3.7 x 10-4 cm3 cm-2 sec-1 cmHg-1と大きいが、酸素/窒素の分離係数は0.9〜1.1と分離性はほとんどないため気体分離膜としては不適当であった。
【0009】
さらに炭素膜の分離性能を改良するものとして、例えば、特開昭64−55383号公報には、酸素透過係数=13〜1918 Barrer (1 Barrer = 1 x 10-10 cm3 cm cm-2 sec-1 cmHg-1)、酸素/窒素の分離係数=2.4−14.8の炭素膜が、また特開平10−52629号公報には、酸素透過速度=1.3 x 10-5 cm3 cm-2 sec-1 cmHg-1、酸素/窒素の分離係数=2.9-5.7の炭素膜が記載されているが、いずれもその気体分離特性は不十分なものであった。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記したように、既存の高分子分離膜や金属含有高分子膜の酸素/窒素選択性などの気体分離性能は実用レベルに達しておらず不十分であったが、炭素膜の登場で状況が顕著に改善された。しかしながら炭素膜単独ではその気体分離性能の改善には限界があり、他の分離技術(深冷分離法、吸着法など)と比較して、コスト対性能で優位に立っているとは必ずしもいえない状況にあるため、更に炭素膜単独時の気体分離性能を改善する必要があった。
本発明は、これら従来の高分子分離膜や炭素膜に代替しうる、気体分離特性に優れると共に耐熱性・安定性の良好な気体分離膜を提供することを目的としている。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、炭素膜単独時の気体分離性能を更に高めるための研究を鋭意検討した結果、炭素膜に特定な金属微粒子を含有させた金属含有炭素膜は気体透過係数比が著しく高く、気体分離膜として極めて有効であることを見いだした。本発明はこれらの知見に基づいてなされたものである。
すなわち、この出願によれば、以下の発明が提供される。
(1)銀微粒子または銅微粒子を含有する炭素膜からなる気体分離膜。
(2)分離対象気体混合物が、酸素/窒素、二酸化炭素/窒素、ヘリウム/窒素及び水素/窒素から選ばれる少なくとも一種であることを特徴とする上記(1)に記載の気体分離膜。
(3)有機溶媒の存在下、銀化合物または銅化合物を有機高分子に分散し、当該金属化合物を含有する有機高分子膜を形成した後、焼成することを特徴とする上記(1)または(2)に記載の気体分離膜の製造方法。
(4)有機高分子が、ポリイミド又はポリフェニレンオキサイドであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の気体分離膜の製造方法。
(5)酸素/窒素、二酸化炭素/窒素、ヘリウム/窒素及び水素/窒素から選ばれる少なくとも一種の気体混合物からそれに含まれる気体を気体分離膜によって分離する方法において、気体分離膜として、上記(1)または(2)に記載の気体分離膜を用いることを特徴とする気体の分離方法。
【発明の実施の形態】
【0012】
本発明の銀微粒子または銅微粒子を含有する炭素膜から形成される気体分離膜は、水素、ヘリウム、二酸化炭素、酸素、炭化水素などの気体を含有する気体混合物から特定気体の分離特性に優れたものである。特に、酸素/窒素、二酸化炭素/窒素、ヘリウム/窒素および水素/窒素から選ばれる少なくとも一種の気体混合物からの分離膜として卓越したものである。
因みに、本発明の銅または銀微粒子を含有する炭素膜は、炭素膜形成材料の種類、熱分解温度などの諸条件によっても異なるが、通常、65℃における、酸素透過係数は1〜100Barrer、二酸化炭素透過速度は4〜200Barrer、ヘリウム透過系数は50〜800Barrerである。また酸素/窒素の分離係数は20〜40、二酸化炭素/窒素の分離係数は10〜80、ヘリウム/窒素の分離係数は100〜1000を示す。
【0013】
本発明の上記金属微粒子含有炭素膜を構成する炭素膜は実質的に炭素で形成されたものであり、気体分離透過性を損なわない範囲で、平膜(支持体のない自立平膜)、中空糸膜(支持体のない自立中空糸膜)、複合平膜(多孔質支持体と上にコーティングした複合膜)、複合中空膜(チューブ状多孔質支持体と上にコーティングした複合膜)の何れの形態も取り得る。
この炭素膜に含有させる上記金属の含有量に特に制限はないが、通常1〜25重量%好ましくは5〜10重量%である。
【0014】
本発明の上記金属微粒子含有炭素膜を製造するには、有機溶媒の存在下で有機高分子に金属微粒子を導入して金属微粒子含有高分子膜としこれを焼成する方法を採用すればよい。
有機高分子としては、この種の炭素膜に用いられる従来公知のものが何れも使用できるが、金属源と共に溶媒に溶解し、熱分解することによって金属含有微孔性炭素になるものや、イオン交換により金属源を内部に配位し熱分解することにより金属含有微孔性炭素になるものが好ましく使用される。
【0015】
このような有機高分子としては、ポリイミド、ポリフェニレンオキサイド、ポリアミド、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、セルロース、フェノール樹脂、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリビニルアルコールなどが挙げられ、またこれらの中でスルホン酸基やカルボン酸基などのカチオン交換基を有する有機高分子含む。
この中でも、ポリイミド、ポリフェニレンオキサイドが好ましく使用される。 ポリイミドの場合、その前駆体であるポリアミック酸を用いることもできる。
【0016】
金属としては、CuまたはAgが用いられる。これらの金属は、炭素膜に含有させる際には、好ましくはその金属塩、金属錯体として用いることが望ましい。これらの具体例としては、その硝酸塩、硫酸塩、酢酸塩などが挙げられる。
【0017】
有機溶媒としては、炭素膜の原料となる前記有機高分子および金属塩などを溶解、分散できるものであれば、特に制限はないが、好ましく使用される溶媒としては、たとえば、DMAc(ジメチルアセトアミド)、NMP(N-メチル-2-ピロリドン)、メタノールおよびヘキサフルオロアセチルアセトンなどを挙げることができる。
【0018】
上記金属微粒子含有炭素膜の前駆体である金属含有高分子膜、たとえば上記金属含有高分子平膜は、有機高分子に金属種を分散混合させたものをガラス板などの上にキャストし、乾燥後、熱処理することによって得ることができる。
【0019】
本発明に係る上記金属微粒子含有炭素膜は、この金属含有高分子膜を熱分解することによって得られるが、この熱分解温度は対象となる金属含有高分子膜の種類などを考慮することにより適宜定めればよいが、通常500〜1200℃、好ましくは700〜1000℃である。
【0020】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例により更に詳細に説明する。
【0021】
実施例1
DMAcを溶媒とした16wt%ポリアミック酸溶液に、所定量のヘキサフルオロアセチルアセトン、銀アセテート、DMAcを加え、1昼夜撹拌混合した後、水平なガラス板上にキャストした。これを室温で乾燥させた後、373〜673Kで熱処理することによって、銀含有ポリイミドフィルムを得た。これをさらに、真空中1273Kで2時間熱分解することにより、銀ナノ微粒子が均一に分散した銀含有炭素膜を得た。
この銀含有炭素膜の酸素・窒素透過特性を65℃において真空Time-lag法で測定したところ、酸素透過係数=1.92Barrer、酸素/窒素分離係数=32.7であった。また、ヘリウム透過係数=61.4Barrer、ヘリウム/窒素分離係数=1045であり、二酸化炭素透過係数=4.0Barrer、二酸化炭素/窒素分離係数=68.1であった。
【0022】
比較例1
実施例1において、銀を導入しない以外は同様にして炭素単独膜を作成した。この炭素単独膜の酸素・窒素透過特性を65℃において真空Time-lag法で測定したところ、酸素透過係数=0.39Barrer、酸素/窒素分離係数=8.4であった。また、ヘリウム透過係数=19.5Barrer、ヘリウム/窒素分離係数=418であり、二酸化炭素透過係数=0.74Barrer、二酸化炭素/窒素分離係数=15.8であった。
【0023】
実施例1および比較例1の結果から、実施例1の銀含有炭素膜の酸素透過係数は比較例1の炭素単独膜の0.39Barrerからその約4.9倍の1.92Barrerとなり、また酸素/窒素分離係数は比較例1の8.4からその約3.9倍の32.7に増大している。
また、同様に実施例1の銀含有炭素膜のヘリウム透過係数は比較例1の3.1倍、ヘリウム/窒素分離係数は比較例1の2.5倍、二酸化炭素透過係数は比較例1の5.4倍、二酸化炭素/窒素分離係数の4.3倍と著しく増大している。
従って、実施例1の銀含有炭素膜は、酸素/窒素混合ガスの分離膜、ヘリウム/窒素混合ガスの分離膜、二酸化炭素/窒素混合ガスの分離膜として極めて有用であることが判る。
【0024】
実施例2
NMPを溶媒としたポリイミド原料溶液と、所定量のヘキサフルオロアセチルアセトン、銀アセテート、NMPを混合させて得た銀錯体溶液を、1昼夜撹拌混合した後、水平なガラス板上にキャストした。これを室温で乾燥させた後、373〜673Kで熱処理することによって、銀含有ポリイミドフィルムを得た。これをさらに、真空中1273Kで2時間熱分解することにより、銀ナノ微粒子が均一に分散した銀含有炭素膜を得た。
この銀含有炭素膜の酸素・窒素透過特性を65℃において真空Time-lag法で測定したところ、酸素透過係数=1.8Barrer、酸素/窒素分離係数=26.3であった。
【0025】
実施例3
メタノールに溶解させたスルホン酸化したポリフェニレンオキサイド(HS-PPO)を、中空糸製膜装置(芯液として飽和食塩水を用い、中空糸紡糸ノズルを通して紡糸し、飽和食塩水の凝固浴中でゲル化する方法)によりスルホン酸ナトリウム型ポリフェニレンオキサイド(NaS-PPO)中空糸膜を作製した。その後、イオン交換水で洗浄した後0.1mol/lのHCl水溶液に24時間浸し、再度HS-PPO型に戻した後イオン交換水での洗浄後、0.1mol/lCuCl 水溶液へ24時間浸漬してスルホン酸銅型のポリフェニレンオキサイド(CuS-PPO)中空糸膜を作製した。
しかる後に、これを室温で乾燥させた後、373〜673Kで熱処理し、さらに、真空中973Kで2時間熱分解することにより外径300μm内径200μmの銅含有炭素中空糸膜を得た。
この複合中空糸膜の酸素・窒素透過特性を70℃において真空Time-lag法で測定したところ、酸素透過係数=11Barrer、酸素/窒素分離係数=12であった。また、ヘリウム透過係数=357Barrer、ヘリウム/窒素分離係数=383であり、二酸化炭素透過係数=23.5Barrer、二酸化炭素/窒素分離係数=25.2であった。
【0026】
実施例4
実施例3と同様な方法でスルホン酸化したポリフェニレンオキサイド(HS-PPO)中空糸膜を得、これを0.1mol/lAgNOに24時間浸してスルホン酸銀型ポリフェニレンオキサイド(AgS-PPO)中空糸膜を作製した。
しかる後に、これを室温で乾燥させた後、373〜673Kで熱処理し、さらに、真空中943Kで2時間熱分解することにより外径300μm内径200μmの銀含有炭素中空糸膜を得た。
この複合中空糸膜の酸素・窒素透過特性を70℃において真空Time-lag法で測定したところ、酸素透過係数=66Barrer、酸素/窒素分離係数=9.8であった。また、ヘリウム透過係数=740Barrer、ヘリウム/窒素分離係数=110であり、二酸化炭素透過係数=179Barrer、二酸化炭素/窒素分離係数=26.6であった。
【発明の効果】
【0027】
たとえば、従来より、「空気分離」により生成した酸素と窒素を効率的に利用できれば、環境対策や省エネルギーの観点から非常に有効であるといわれてきたが、これまでは使用可能な分離膜としては高分子膜や炭素単独膜のみであり、その上、酸素/窒素選択性が実用レベルにはほど遠かった。
これに対して、本発明の金属含有炭素膜から形成される気体分離膜は、水素、ヘリウム、二酸化炭素、酸素、炭化水素などの気体を含有する気体混合物の分離性能に優れたものである。特に、酸素/窒素、二酸化炭素/窒素、ヘリウム/窒素および水素/窒素から選ばれる少なくとも一種の気体混合物からの分離膜として卓越したものである。
従って、本発明はこのうちの例えば酸素/窒素選択性を飛躍的に改善した新規な分離膜を提示しており、様々な応用への実用レベルに近づけたものということができる。
本発明の応用分野としては例えば、分散型小型燃料電池への高濃度酸素供給デバイスとして、あるいは高効率燃焼用、石炭・石油化学用、廃水処理用、医療用、さらには不活性ガスとして利用する窒素富化デバイスなどが挙げられる。既に低純度の酸素が必要な分野では、既存の高分子膜を組み込んだシステムが一部実用化されているが、中低温領域でさらに空気分離性能に優れた分離膜が開発されれば、他の手法(深冷分離法や吸着法)とのコスト対性能の比較により、高濃度酸素ならびに窒素の高効率利用に関連する用途が劇的に増加し、産業・経済・社会への波及効果が著しく大きくなると予測される。
また、本発明は、学術的に本分離膜に類似した膜の基礎的研究が広がるだけではなく、当該技術を必要としている関連企業の活発な研究開発を促進する効果を有するものである。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel gas separation membrane capable of efficiently separating a specific gas from a gas mixture containing a gas such as hydrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and hydrocarbon.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, from the viewpoint of environment and energy saving, a technique for separating and recovering a desired gas by a membrane from a gas mixture containing a gas such as hydrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and hydrocarbon has attracted attention.
[0003]
For example, “air separation” is a method in which oxygen and nitrogen in the air, which are almost inexhaustible, are separated by an organic polymer membrane and each is used effectively. In this case, examples of application fields include the use of concentrated oxygen in the steel chemistry and medical fields, and the use as an inert gas in packaging companies and semiconductor factories.
[0004]
Many organic polymer separation membranes for air separation have been reported, but none of them has reached a practical level with oxygen / nitrogen selectivity around 1-5. Therefore, for the purpose of improving the oxygen / nitrogen separation performance, a method of oxidizing the polymer membrane and then fluorinating the polymer membrane was introduced in JP-A-5-329342, and a metal complex was introduced into the polymer membrane. A method for producing a so-called metal-containing polymer film is described in JP-A-4-29731.
[0005]
However, the separation factors of oxygen and nitrogen are all about 3 to 14, which is insufficient as a gas separation membrane, and there is a problem in heat resistance and mechanical strength.
[0006]
Further, the oxygen permeation rate of a so-called liquid membrane impregnated with a cobalt dihistidine metal complex = 3.1 to 20 × 10 −7 cm 3 cm −2 sec −1 cm Hg −1, oxygen / nitrogen separation coefficient = 25 to 64 Although the separation membrane is described in JP-A-1-242124, there is a big problem in stability in that the separation performance cannot be maintained if the impregnation solvent is reduced.
[0007]
On the other hand, a carbon membrane can be cited as a separation membrane having high heat resistance and stability. For example, a method for producing a carbon flat membrane / carbon hollow fiber membrane by carbonizing a fiber-forming linear polymer containing polyimide is used. It describes in Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 60-179102, 60-202703.
[0008]
However, these carbon membranes, for example, have a high oxygen permeation rate of 1.4 to 3.7 x 10-4 cm3 cm-2 sec-1 cmHg-1, but the separation factor of oxygen / nitrogen is 0.9 to 1.1, which is almost no separation. Therefore, it was unsuitable as a gas separation membrane.
[0009]
Further, for improving the separation performance of the carbon membrane, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-55383 discloses oxygen permeation coefficient = 13 to 1918 Barrer (1 Barrer = 1 x 10-10 cm3 cm-2 sec-1 cmHg-1), a carbon membrane having an oxygen / nitrogen separation factor = 2.4-14.8, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-52629 discloses an oxygen transmission rate = 1.3 × 10 −5 cm 3 cm −2 sec −1 cmHg −1. Although carbon membranes having an oxygen / nitrogen separation coefficient of 2.9-5.7 are described, the gas separation properties of all are insufficient.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, the gas separation performance such as oxygen / nitrogen selectivity of existing polymer separation membranes and metal-containing polymer membranes has not reached the practical level, but has been insufficient. Remarkably improved. However, there is a limit to the improvement of gas separation performance with carbon membranes alone, and it cannot necessarily be said that it is superior in cost performance compared with other separation technologies (deep-cooling separation method, adsorption method, etc.). Because of the situation, it was necessary to further improve the gas separation performance when the carbon membrane was used alone.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a gas separation membrane that has excellent gas separation characteristics and good heat resistance and stability, which can be substituted for these conventional polymer separation membranes and carbon membranes.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of earnestly examining the research for further improving the gas separation performance when the carbon membrane alone, the metal-containing carbon membrane containing specific metal fine particles in the carbon membrane has a significantly high gas permeability coefficient ratio, It was found to be extremely effective as a gas separation membrane. The present invention has been made based on these findings.
That is, according to this application, the following invention is provided.
(1) A gas separation membrane comprising a carbon membrane containing silver fine particles or copper fine particles.
(2) The gas separation membrane according to (1), wherein the gas mixture to be separated is at least one selected from oxygen / nitrogen, carbon dioxide / nitrogen, helium / nitrogen and hydrogen / nitrogen.
(3) In the presence of an organic solvent, a silver compound or a copper compound is dispersed in an organic polymer to form an organic polymer film containing the metal compound, and then fired. The method for producing a gas separation membrane according to 2).
(4) The method for producing a gas separation membrane according to claim 3, wherein the organic polymer is polyimide or polyphenylene oxide.
(5) In a method for separating a gas contained in at least one gas mixture selected from oxygen / nitrogen, carbon dioxide / nitrogen, helium / nitrogen and hydrogen / nitrogen by a gas separation membrane, ) Or the gas separation membrane according to (2) is used.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0012]
The gas separation membrane formed from the carbon membrane containing silver fine particles or copper fine particles of the present invention has excellent separation characteristics of a specific gas from a gas mixture containing a gas such as hydrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and hydrocarbon. Is. In particular, it is excellent as a separation membrane from at least one gas mixture selected from oxygen / nitrogen, carbon dioxide / nitrogen, helium / nitrogen and hydrogen / nitrogen.
Incidentally, the carbon film containing copper or silver fine particles of the present invention varies depending on various conditions such as the type of carbon film forming material and the thermal decomposition temperature, but usually the oxygen permeability coefficient at 65 ° C. is 1 to 100 Barrer, dioxide dioxide. The carbon permeation rate is 4 to 200 Barrer, and the helium permeation system number is 50 to 800 Barrer. The oxygen / nitrogen separation factor is 20 to 40, the carbon dioxide / nitrogen separation factor is 10 to 80, and the helium / nitrogen separation factor is 100 to 1000.
[0013]
The carbon film constituting the metal fine particle-containing carbon film of the present invention is substantially formed of carbon, and is a flat film (a self-supporting flat film without a support), hollow as long as gas separation permeability is not impaired. Any of a thread membrane (a self-supporting hollow fiber membrane without a support), a composite flat membrane (a composite membrane coated on a porous support and on it), and a composite hollow membrane (a composite membrane coated on a tubular porous support and on) It can also take the form.
Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in content of the said metal contained in this carbon film, Usually, 1 to 25 weight%, Preferably it is 5 to 10 weight%.
[0014]
In order to produce the carbon film containing metal fine particles of the present invention, a method may be employed in which metal fine particles are introduced into an organic polymer in the presence of an organic solvent to form a metal fine particle-containing polymer film.
As the organic polymer, any conventionally known polymer used for this type of carbon film can be used, but it can be dissolved in a solvent together with a metal source and thermally decomposed to become a metal-containing microporous carbon, or an ion Those which become metal-containing microporous carbon by coordinating and thermally decomposing a metal source by exchange are preferably used.
[0015]
Examples of such organic polymers include polyimide, polyphenylene oxide, polyamide, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polyetheretherketone, cellulose, phenol resin, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, and the like. Among these, organic polymers having cation exchange groups such as sulfonic acid groups and carboxylic acid groups are included.
Among these, polyimide and polyphenylene oxide are preferably used. In the case of polyimide, polyamic acid which is a precursor thereof can also be used.
[0016]
Cu or Ag is used as the metal. When these metals are contained in the carbon film, they are preferably used as their metal salts and metal complexes. Specific examples thereof include nitrates, sulfates and acetates thereof.
[0017]
The organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve and disperse the organic polymer and metal salt used as a raw material for the carbon film, but a preferable solvent is, for example, DMAc (dimethylacetamide). , NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), methanol, hexafluoroacetylacetone and the like.
[0018]
The metal-containing polymer film that is the precursor of the metal fine particle-containing carbon film, for example, the metal-containing polymer flat film, is prepared by casting an organic polymer in which a metal species is dispersed and mixed on a glass plate, and drying. Thereafter, it can be obtained by heat treatment.
[0019]
The metal fine particle-containing carbon film according to the present invention can be obtained by pyrolyzing the metal-containing polymer film. The pyrolysis temperature is appropriately determined in consideration of the type of the target metal-containing polymer film. What is necessary is just to determine, but it is 500-1200 degreeC normally, Preferably it is 700-1000 degreeC.
[0020]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
[0021]
Example 1
A predetermined amount of hexafluoroacetylacetone, silver acetate, and DMAc were added to a 16 wt% polyamic acid solution using DMAc as a solvent, and the mixture was stirred and mixed for one day and then cast on a horizontal glass plate. After drying this at room temperature, the silver containing polyimide film was obtained by heat-processing by 373-673K. This was further thermally decomposed in vacuum at 1273 K for 2 hours to obtain a silver-containing carbon film in which silver nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed.
When the oxygen / nitrogen permeation characteristics of this silver-containing carbon film were measured at 65 ° C. by the vacuum time-lag method, the oxygen permeation coefficient = 1.92 Barrer and the oxygen / nitrogen separation coefficient = 32.7. Further, helium permeability coefficient = 61.4 Barrer, helium / nitrogen separation coefficient = 1045, carbon dioxide permeability coefficient = 4.0 Barrer, carbon dioxide / nitrogen separation coefficient = 68.1.
[0022]
Comparative Example 1
In Example 1, a carbon single film was prepared in the same manner except that silver was not introduced. When the oxygen / nitrogen permeation characteristics of this carbon single membrane were measured at 65 ° C. by the vacuum time-lag method, the oxygen permeation coefficient = 0.39 Barrer and the oxygen / nitrogen separation coefficient = 8.4. Further, helium permeability coefficient = 19.5 Barrer, helium / nitrogen separation coefficient = 418, carbon dioxide permeability coefficient = 0.74 Barrer, carbon dioxide / nitrogen separation coefficient = 15.8.
[0023]
From the results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the oxygen permeation coefficient of the silver-containing carbon film of Example 1 is 1.92 Barrer, which is about 4.9 times that of 0.39 Barrer of the carbon alone film of Comparative Example 1, and oxygen. / Nitrogen separation factor increased from 8.4 in Comparative Example 1 to 32.7, which is approximately 3.9 times that of Comparative Example 1.
Similarly, the helium permeability coefficient of the silver-containing carbon membrane of Example 1 is 3.1 times that of Comparative Example 1, the helium / nitrogen separation factor is 2.5 times that of Comparative Example 1, and the carbon dioxide permeability coefficient is that of Comparative Example 1. It is significantly increased to 5.4 times and 4.3 times the carbon dioxide / nitrogen separation factor.
Therefore, it can be seen that the silver-containing carbon membrane of Example 1 is extremely useful as an oxygen / nitrogen mixed gas separation membrane, a helium / nitrogen mixed gas separation membrane, and a carbon dioxide / nitrogen mixed gas separation membrane.
[0024]
Example 2
A polyimide raw material solution using NMP as a solvent and a silver complex solution obtained by mixing a predetermined amount of hexafluoroacetylacetone, silver acetate and NMP were stirred and mixed for one day and then cast on a horizontal glass plate. After drying this at room temperature, the silver containing polyimide film was obtained by heat-processing by 373-673K. This was further thermally decomposed in vacuum at 1273 K for 2 hours to obtain a silver-containing carbon film in which silver nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed.
The oxygen / nitrogen permeation characteristics of this silver-containing carbon film were measured at 65 ° C. by the vacuum Time-lag method. The oxygen permeation coefficient = 1.8 Barrer and the oxygen / nitrogen separation coefficient = 26.3.
[0025]
Example 3
Sulfonated polyphenylene oxide (HS-PPO) dissolved in methanol is spun through a hollow fiber spinning device (saturated saline is used as the core solution, through a hollow fiber spinning nozzle, and gelled in a saturated saline coagulation bath). To prepare a sodium sulfonate-type polyphenylene oxide (NaS-PPO) hollow fiber membrane. Then, after washing with ion-exchanged water, immersed in 0.1 mol / l HCl aqueous solution for 24 hours, returned to HS-PPO type again, washed with ion-exchanged water, and then immersed in 0.1 mol / l CuCl 2 aqueous solution for 24 hours. Thus, a copper sulfonate type polyphenylene oxide (CuS-PPO) hollow fiber membrane was produced.
Thereafter, this was dried at room temperature, heat-treated at 373-673K, and further pyrolyzed at 973K in vacuum for 2 hours to obtain a copper-containing carbon hollow fiber membrane having an outer diameter of 300 μm and an inner diameter of 200 μm.
When the oxygen / nitrogen permeation characteristics of this composite hollow fiber membrane were measured by a vacuum Time-lag method at 70 ° C., the oxygen permeation coefficient = 11 Barrer and the oxygen / nitrogen separation coefficient = 12. Further, helium permeability coefficient = 357 Barrer, helium / nitrogen separation coefficient = 383, carbon dioxide permeability coefficient = 23.5 Barrer, carbon dioxide / nitrogen separation coefficient = 25.2.
[0026]
Example 4
A polyphenylene oxide (HS-PPO) hollow fiber membrane sulfonated by the same method as in Example 3 was obtained, and this was immersed in 0.1 mol / l AgNO 3 for 24 hours, so that silver sulfonate-type polyphenylene oxide (AgS-PPO) hollow fiber was obtained. A membrane was prepared.
Thereafter, this was dried at room temperature, heat-treated at 373-673K, and further pyrolyzed at 943K in vacuum for 2 hours to obtain a silver-containing carbon hollow fiber membrane having an outer diameter of 300 μm and an inner diameter of 200 μm.
When the oxygen / nitrogen permeation characteristics of this composite hollow fiber membrane were measured by a vacuum Time-lag method at 70 ° C., the oxygen permeation coefficient = 66 Barrer and the oxygen / nitrogen separation coefficient = 9.8. Further, helium permeability coefficient = 740 Barrer, helium / nitrogen separation coefficient = 110, carbon dioxide permeability coefficient = 179 Barrer, carbon dioxide / nitrogen separation coefficient = 26.6.
【The invention's effect】
[0027]
For example, conventionally, it has been said that if oxygen and nitrogen generated by “air separation” can be used efficiently, it is said that it is very effective from the viewpoint of environmental measures and energy saving. Only polymer membranes and carbon single membranes were used, and oxygen / nitrogen selectivity was far from practical level.
On the other hand, the gas separation membrane formed from the metal-containing carbon membrane of the present invention is excellent in the separation performance of a gas mixture containing a gas such as hydrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, oxygen, or hydrocarbon. In particular, it is excellent as a separation membrane from at least one gas mixture selected from oxygen / nitrogen, carbon dioxide / nitrogen, helium / nitrogen and hydrogen / nitrogen.
Therefore, the present invention presents a novel separation membrane in which, for example, oxygen / nitrogen selectivity is dramatically improved, and can be said to be close to a practical level for various applications.
As an application field of the present invention, for example, it is used as a high-concentration oxygen supply device for a distributed small fuel cell, or for high-efficiency combustion, coal / petrochemical use, wastewater treatment, medical use, and further as an inert gas Nitrogen-enriched devices and the like. In fields where low-purity oxygen is already required, some systems incorporating existing polymer membranes have been put into practical use, but if separation membranes with even better air separation performance are developed in the mid to low temperature range, Compared to the cost-effectiveness of this method (deep-cooling separation method and adsorption method), applications related to high-efficiency use of high-concentration oxygen and nitrogen have dramatically increased, and the ripple effect on industry, economy, and society has increased. Expected to be significantly larger.
In addition, the present invention has the effect of promoting active research and development of related companies that require the technology, as well as expanding basic research on membranes that are scientifically similar to the separation membrane.

Claims (5)

銀微粒子または銅微粒子を含有する炭素膜からなる気体分離膜。A gas separation membrane comprising a carbon membrane containing silver fine particles or copper fine particles. 分離対象気体混合物が、酸素/窒素、二酸化炭素/窒素、ヘリウム/窒素及び水素/窒素から選ばれる少なくとも一種であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の気体分離膜。The gas separation membrane according to claim 1, wherein the gas mixture to be separated is at least one selected from oxygen / nitrogen, carbon dioxide / nitrogen, helium / nitrogen and hydrogen / nitrogen. 有機溶媒の存在下、銀化合物または銅化合物を有機高分子に分散し、当該金属化合物を含有する有機高分子膜を形成した後、焼成することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の気体分離膜の製造方法。The gas according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a silver compound or a copper compound is dispersed in an organic polymer in the presence of an organic solvent, and an organic polymer film containing the metal compound is formed and then fired. A method for producing a separation membrane. 有機高分子が、ポリイミド又はポリフェニレンオキサイドであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の気体分離膜の製造方法。The method for producing a gas separation membrane according to claim 3, wherein the organic polymer is polyimide or polyphenylene oxide. 酸素/窒素、二酸化炭素/窒素、ヘリウム/窒素及び水素/窒素から選ばれる少なくとも一種の気体混合物からそれに含まれる気体を気体分離膜によって分離する方法において、気体分離膜として、請求項1または2に記載の気体分離膜を用いることを特徴とする気体の分離方法。A method for separating a gas contained in at least one gas mixture selected from oxygen / nitrogen, carbon dioxide / nitrogen, helium / nitrogen and hydrogen / nitrogen by a gas separation membrane, wherein the gas separation membrane is as claimed in claim 1 or 2. A gas separation method using the gas separation membrane according to the description.
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