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JP3687682B2 - Sliding material, piston ring and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
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JP3687682B2 - Sliding material, piston ring and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Sliding material, piston ring and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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JP3687682B2
JP3687682B2 JP28954792A JP28954792A JP3687682B2 JP 3687682 B2 JP3687682 B2 JP 3687682B2 JP 28954792 A JP28954792 A JP 28954792A JP 28954792 A JP28954792 A JP 28954792A JP 3687682 B2 JP3687682 B2 JP 3687682B2
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film
oxygen
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nitrogen
chromium
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JPH06147318A (en
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政治 長谷井
文夫 清田
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Riken Corp
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Riken Corp
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、機械部品等の摺動部における硬質皮膜を有する摺動材料およびその摺動材料の製造方法に関するものであり、更に詳しく述べるならば、内燃機関、動弁部品などの各種機械部品の摺動部において使用される摺動材料およびその製造方法に関するものである。
さらに、本発明は、摺動面の耐摩耗性、耐焼付性並びに初期なじを向上させた摺動材料に関し、更に詳しくはクロム、窒素および酸素からなるCr−N−O系皮膜を有する内燃機関用ピストンリングに関する。
【0002】
上述した各種機器の高回転化や高出力化により機械部品などの摺動部は益々過酷な条件下での耐摩耗性、耐焼付性等の摺動特性の改善が期待されており、本発明はかかる要請に応えるものである。
【0003】
【従来の技術】
従来より主として鉄系摺動材料の摺動特性改善策として行なわれている方法は、硬質クロムめっきによる耐摩耗性の改善、窒化またはモリブデン溶射による耐焼付性の向上などの表面処理が挙げられる。しかしながらこれらの方法では摺動材料としての十分な摺動特性が得られず、最近物理的蒸着(PVD)法あるいは化学的気相析出(CVD)法により化学的にも比較的安定なCr−N系、Ti−N系硬質皮膜を作成する方法が検討されている。
【0004】
ピストンリングは、主に内燃機関の燃焼室の気密化、シリンダーライナー表面に形成される潤滑用油膜の膜厚制御、および燃料が燃焼することによって加熱されたピストンの熱をシリンダーライナーへ伝えて冷却する等の働きをする。このような働きをするにはピストンリングは、それ自体が自己の持つ張力でシリンダーライナーに張り出して密着しなければならないので、摺動面には必然的に大きな面圧が発生し、したがって摩耗や焼付の発生しやすい状況に曝されて摺動している。また、燃焼工程中に生成する硬い燃焼生成物がピストンリングとシリンダーライナー間の摺動面に達し、アブレッシブな摩耗を発生させ、さらにガソリン中に含まれる硫黄や窒素分が酸化し、硝酸や硫酸になりエンジンオイル中に混入し腐食摩耗を促進するようになるので、ピストンリングはこのような点でも摩耗や焼付きが発生しやすい状況に曝されて摺動している。
【0005】
上記のような摺動条件から起こる摩耗や焼付きの問題を解消するため、ピストンリングはその摺動面に何らかの表面処理が施されている。従来より行われてきた表面処理方法の代表的なものとしては、硬質クロムめっきにより耐摩耗性の改善、窒化またはモリブデン溶射による耐焼付性の向上が挙げられる。しかしながら、これらの方法で処理されたピストンリングの摺動特性は現在の要求水準に対しては不十分であるので、最近イオンプレーティング法によりCr−N系、Ti−N系の化学的に比較的安定な化合物をピストンリングに硬質皮膜として施すことが検討されている。
【0006】
しかしながらCr−N系皮膜は硬さが比較的低いため摩耗が起こりやすく、いまだ十分な摺動特性は得られていない。さらに皮膜硬さが高く、摺動特性に優れた皮膜としてTi−Nイオンプレーティング皮膜を施したピストンリングが提案されている(特公平4−19412参照)。しかしながらCr−N系皮膜は硬さが比較的低いため摩耗が起こりやすく、いまだ十分な摺動特性は得られていない。
さらに皮膜硬さが高く、摺動特性に優れた皮膜として提案されているTi−N系皮膜は、切削工具として使用実績はあるが、機部品等の摺動部材として利用する場合には皮膜硬さが高すぎて相手材を摩耗させてしまう欠点がある。
【0007】
また、Ti−N系皮膜での摩耗により粗くなった相手材表面が今度はTi−N系皮膜をアブレッシブ摩耗させ、両者の間の摺動条件が悪化して遂には焼き付きが発生しやすい。また皮膜硬さが高すぎるために、皮膜と接する相手材との「初期なじみ」が悪い欠点がある。ここで「初期なじみ」とは、摺動開始後の短時間内に摺動部材の表面の一部である摺動接触面が微小かつ平滑に摩耗することにより接触面圧を低減させて、潤滑油膜切れを起こし難くすることにより摩耗や焼き付きの発生を防ぐことである。Ti−N系皮膜は初期なじみが悪いことにより、摺動初期において摩耗や焼き付き現象を起こし易い。
【0008】
このような摺動特性の問題に加えて、硬質皮膜には製造上の問題がある。一般に硬質の薄い皮膜を被覆した後には、初期なじみを良好にしかつ相手材の過度の摩耗を招かないようにポリシング等で皮膜の摺動面を平滑化する必要があるが、皮膜硬さが高いために平滑化が困難である。したがってこのポリシング加工には長時間を要し、しかも一様な仕上取り代にならず、膜厚が不均一になり部分的には皮膜を無くしてしまい、不良品となる率が高い。
【0009】
さらにCr−N系皮膜は銀色ないし銀白色、Ti−N系は皮膜は金色ないし薄黄色であり、摺動部材の下地の金属色との色調差が少ないため、皮膜の微少な剥離や、前述のポリシングによって皮膜が無くなった部分を検出する手段として、画像解析装置等で自動化するとができなかった。このため顕微鏡で拡大し肉眼で検査する方法をとる必要があり、性能保証面で大きな問題があった。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、従来のTiN皮膜よりも初期なじみ性を良好にするとともに、耐摩耗性および耐焼付性優れたクロム、窒素、および酸素からなる皮膜であって、基体との密着性を向上させたCr−N−O系皮膜を被覆した摺動材料およびその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。さらに、本発明は皮膜の欠落部分を簡単に検査することができる摺動部材を提供することも目的とする。
また、本発明は、従来のTiN皮膜よりも初期なじみ性を良好にするとともに、耐摩耗性および耐焼付性優れたクロム、窒素および酸素からなる皮膜を被覆したピストンリングであって、基体との密着性が向上した皮膜で被覆したピストンリングを提供することを目的とする。さらに本発明は皮膜の欠落部分を簡単に検査することができるピストンリングを提供することも目的とする
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、機械部品等の摺動部に、耐摩耗性および耐焼付性などの摺動特性に優れ且つ初期なじみが良好であるCr−N−O系皮膜を被覆するが、基体表面から皮膜表面に向かって皮膜組成を変化させることにより、上記課題を解決するものである。
すなわち、本発明に係わる摺動材料は、クロム、窒素および酸素からなるCr−N−O系皮膜が基体に被覆された摺動材料において、前記皮膜の厚み方向で基体表面から皮膜表面の範囲で酸素原子%比を不連続あるいは連続的に増加させていることを特徴とする。
また本発明に係わるピストンリングは、クロム、窒素および酸素からなる組成を有するイオンプレーティング皮膜が基体に被覆されたピストンリングにおいて、前記皮膜の厚み方向で基体表面から皮膜表面にの範囲で酸素原子%比が不連続的あるいは連続的に増加していることを特徴とする。
【0012】
基体としては鉄系、アルミニウム系、チタン系等の材料を使用することができる。皮膜組成を変化させた皮膜(以下「傾斜皮膜」と言う)は厚みが1〜50μmの範囲内であることが好ましい。
傾斜皮膜においては基体側の酸素が少なく、好ましくは0%であり、表面側の酸素が多いことが重要であり、酸素濃度が連続的あるいは不連続に増大(例えば階段状、鋸刃状変化)する。また傾斜皮膜は厚みの全体で上記の酸素濃度変化を示している。かかる変化が厚み方向全体で起こっていると低酸素濃度Cr−N−Oと高酸素濃度Cr−N−Oのそれぞれの物性による摺動特性や密着性が得られるものである。
【0013】
傾斜皮膜は、蒸着、スパッタ、イオンプレーティングなどによりクロムの蒸気と窒素および酸素を混合した気相と基体接触させることにより皮膜を基体に被覆するPVD法において、成膜初期から成膜終了に至る期間中に導入する酸素量を不連続的あるいは連続的に増加させる方法により形成することができる。イオンプレーティングは陰極プレーティングが好ましいが、これに限定されず改討5版金属便覧第903頁に例示されているような各種方式を採用することができる。
【0014】
また、イオンプレーティング皮膜の厚さは1〜50μmであることが好ましい。この範囲下限未満であると摺動性能が不十分であり、上限を越えても性能の向上が少ない。
【0015】
【作用】
クロムは窒素および酸素と安定した硬質物質を作る。窒素の量が少な過ぎても多過ぎても皮膜の硬さが低下し、皮膜の耐摩耗性が低下するので、ビッカース硬さが1000未満とならないように、窒素含有量を定めることが好ましい。Cr−N系皮膜はTi−N系皮膜より軟質であり、なじみ性が優れる。Cr−N系皮膜において酸素は窒素と共存すると、皮膜の硬度を高め、かつ摺動特性を改良しさらに皮膜色調を暗色(非金属色)にする。酸素の量は微量でも摺動特性向上に有効ではあるが少な過ぎると色調変化の作用が十分に発揮されないから、色調の変化が検出できるように酸素を添加する必要がある。一方酸素の量が多過ぎると皮膜の硬さがビッカース硬さで2000を超え相手材の摩耗が多くなるので、酸素添加量はこの硬さ以下となるようにすることが好ましい。
【0016】
上記したクロム、窒素および酸素の比率は原子%比でCr:N:O=1:0.9〜0.1:0.1〜1.2の範囲であることが好ましく、この範囲内で酸素量を膜厚方向に変化させることが好ましい。
【0017】
またイオンプレーティング皮膜を形成するためにはクロムとその他の成分は別々の供給源からガス化する必要がある。窒素と酸素は別々のガスとして供給してもよくあるいはNo2、NOなどの化合物として供給してもよい。
【0018】
以下、Cr−N系皮膜に酸素を添加し、その量を膜厚全体で変化させることによる作用をより詳しく説明する。
図1に、窒素ガス流量に対する酸素ガス流量の比を0から1.0まで0.1づつ十段階に変化させて成膜したCr−N−O系傾斜皮膜のEPMAによるライン分析結果を示す。図の右部が基体面(sub.)を示すが、基体表面から皮膜表面に向かって酸素量が増加していることが確認された。また、酸素量の増加にともなってクロムおよび窒素の相対量は減少していることも示されている。
【0019】
表1に実施例の皮膜の表面粗さおよび皮膜硬さを示す。
比較のため、窒素ガス流量に対する酸素ガス流量の比を、Cr−N−O系傾斜皮膜の最表面と同等にし、成膜中の流量比を変化させず作製したCr−N−O系皮膜についても同時に示した。
【0020】

Figure 0003687682
【0021】
Cr−N−O系傾斜皮膜は、Cr−N−O系皮膜とほぼ同程度の表面粗さであったが、皮膜硬さは向上している。
また表中のLcは、皮膜と基体との密着性を評価する手法の一つであるスクラッチ試験より求めた臨界荷重値(ニュートン単位)を示す。Cr−N−O系傾斜皮膜のLc値は、Cr−N−O系皮膜のそれの2倍近い値を示しており、皮膜中の酸素原子%比を基体表面から皮膜表面に向かって段階的に増加させることにより、基体と皮膜との密着性が著しく向上していることがわかった。
以下、実施例により本発明を詳しく説明する。
【0022】
【実施例】
実施例1
本実施例で使用した皮膜形成の基体は高クロム鋼(JIS規格SUJ−2)である。基体は予めフロン液中で超音波洗浄を行い、以下に説明する手順で鏡面仕上げされた基体表面に陰極アークプラズマ式イオンプレーティングにより、基体表面から皮膜表面に向かって酸素原子%比を段階的に増加させて、皮膜組成を変化させたCr−N−O系傾斜皮膜を形成した。
【0023】
基体を超音波洗浄した後、イオンプレーティング装置の真空容器(チャンバ)内に取り付け、続いてチャンバ内圧力が1.3×10-3Pa(パスカル)となるまで真空引きを行なった。この真空度が達成された時点から、チャンバ内に内蔵されているヒーターにより基体を300〜600℃まで加熱して、基体表面に付着あるいは吸着しているガス成分を放出させ、その後200℃まで冷却した。チャンバ内圧力が4×10-3Pa以下となった時点で、陰極としたCrターゲットの表面でアーク放電を発生させ、Crの大部分がイオン化された状態でターゲット表面から飛出させた。この時基体を取り付けた治具には−700〜−1000Vのバイアス電圧を印加しておき、ターゲットから飛出しイオン化したCrを基体と治具の表面に吸引し、さらにこれらのイオンを高速で被処理面に衝突させた。
【0024】
このようなイオン化した金属の衝突により被処理面の酸化物などを削るいわゆるスパッタクリーニングにより表面の活性化処理を行った。また、アーク放電発生と同時に少量の窒素ガスをチャンバ内に導入することにより一部のイオン化したCrは、窒素ガスと結合し基体表面にCr−N系皮膜となって析出される。その後、さらに窒素ガス流量を増やし1.3Pa程度の圧力とし、−10〜−100Vのバイアス電圧を印加して基体表面にCr−N系皮膜を形成させた後、5分毎に酸素導入量を一定量ずつ増加させ、皮膜中の酸素原子%比を基体表面から皮膜表面に向かって増加させたCr−N−O系傾斜皮膜を作製した。所定の酸素原子%比の膜となるまで成膜後、チャンバ内温度が150℃以下になるまで冷却してから、膜被覆された基体をチャンバ外に取出した。比較のため従来より行なわれてきた酸素導入量を変化させないCr−N−O系皮膜についても同様に作製した。
【0025】
これらの膜をねずみ鋳鉄(FC25)を相手材としてピンオンディスク型摩擦試験機によりスカッフ試験を行い耐焼付性を焼付荷重で評価した。スカッフ試験条件は以下の通りであった。
潤滑方法:モーターオイル#30、油温80℃、油量4cc/sec
摩擦速度:8m/sec
接触荷重:初期2MPaから1MPaごとに増加させ、焼付まで
摩擦時間:各荷重で180sec保持
【0026】
上記方法により得られた結果を図2に示す。Cr−N−O系皮膜では30MPa程度のスカッフ値を示したが、Cr−N−O系傾斜皮膜では34MPaのスカッフ値を示し、傾斜皮膜では基体との密着性が向上したことから、剥離現象を起こさなくなり耐焼付性が向上している。
また、ピン−ドラム式摩耗試験機により、ドラムにねずみ鋳鉄(FC25)を用いて摩耗試験を行った。摩耗試験条件は、以下の通りであった。
【0027】
潤滑方法:モーターオイル#30、油温80℃、油量8cc/sec
ドラム回転速度:5m/sec
接触荷重:1.5MPa
試験時間:30ksec
【0028】
皮膜を被覆したピンの摩耗量とドラムの摩耗量をまとめて図3に示す。ここでピンの摩耗量は摩耗した接触面のドラム回転方向の幅、ドラムの摩耗量はドラムの摩耗深さより求めた。ピンの摩耗量に着目すると、Cr−N−O系皮膜に対してCr−N−O系傾斜皮膜は、摩耗量が少なく、耐摩耗性に優れた材料であることがわかった。一方、Cr−N−O系皮膜に比べCr−N−O系傾斜皮膜の場合、ドラムの摩耗量は少なくなっており、Cr−N−O系傾斜皮膜は自己の摩耗を抑えると同時に相手材を摩耗させにくい皮膜であることがわかった。
【0029】
以上のスカッフ試験および摩耗試験からCr−N−O系傾斜皮膜は、Cr−N−O系皮膜よりも、耐摩耗性および耐焼付性に優れ、摺動部相手材の摩耗を抑えると同時に初期なじみが良好であることがわかった。
【0030】
実施例2
この実施例では、ステンレス鋼(JIS規格SUS440C)からなるピストンリングで呼び径×幅×厚さ=φ86mm×2mm×3mmのものを実施例1と同様に処理し、また実施例1と同様に耐焼付性試験及び耐摩耗性試験を行った。その結果をそれぞれ図4及び図5に示す。これらの性能は実施例1で得られた結果と同様であった。
【0031】
上述したように、摺動材料の摺動面およびピストンリング表面にCr−N−O系イオンプレーティング皮膜は共存酸素の作用により硬度が高く、摺動特性が優れており、しかも皮膜欠落の目視検査が可能である。基体表面から皮膜表面に向かってCr−N−O系イオンプレーティング皮膜の酸素原子%比を不連続的あるいは連続的に増加させることにより、酸素原子%比を変化させないCr−N−O系皮膜よりも基体との密着性に優れ、耐摩耗性および耐焼付性等の摺動特性に優れた摺動材料が得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 Cr−N−O系傾斜皮膜のEPMA分析結果を示す図である。
【図2】 摺動材料の焼付試験結果を示す図である。
【図3】 摺動材料の摩耗試験結果を示す図である。
【図4】 ピストンリングの焼付試験結果を示す図である。
【図5】 ピストンリングの摩耗試験結果を示す図である。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a sliding material having a hard film in a sliding part of a machine part and the like, and a manufacturing method of the sliding material. More specifically, the present invention relates to various machine parts such as an internal combustion engine and a valve part. The present invention relates to a sliding material used in a sliding portion and a manufacturing method thereof.
Furthermore, the present invention provides an internal combustion having wear resistance of the sliding surface, relates sliding material having improved properties and initial Nagy Mi seizure, a Cr-N-O based film comprising more particularly chromium, nitrogen and oxygen The present invention relates to an engine piston ring.
[0002]
Due to the higher rotation and higher output of the various devices described above, sliding parts such as machine parts are expected to improve sliding characteristics such as wear resistance and seizure resistance under increasingly severe conditions. Responds to such a request.
[0003]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, methods that have been mainly performed as measures for improving the sliding characteristics of iron-based sliding materials include surface treatments such as improvement of wear resistance by hard chrome plating and improvement of seizure resistance by nitriding or molybdenum spraying. However, these methods do not provide sufficient sliding characteristics as a sliding material, and Cr-N, which is relatively stable chemically by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method or the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method recently. A method for producing a Ti-N hard coating is being studied.
[0004]
The piston ring mainly cools the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, controls the film thickness of the lubricating oil film formed on the surface of the cylinder liner, and transfers the heat of the piston heated by the combustion of the fuel to the cylinder liner. It works like doing. In order to perform such a function, the piston ring itself must protrude and be in close contact with the cylinder liner with its own tension. Sliding under exposure to seizure-prone conditions. In addition, hard combustion products generated during the combustion process reach the sliding surface between the piston ring and the cylinder liner, causing abrasive wear, and sulfur and nitrogen contained in the gasoline are oxidized, resulting in nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Therefore, the piston ring is mixed with engine oil and promotes corrosive wear, so that the piston ring is exposed to a situation where wear and seizure are likely to occur at this point.
[0005]
In order to eliminate the problem of wear and seizure caused by the above sliding conditions, the piston ring is subjected to some surface treatment on its sliding surface. Typical surface treatment methods that have been conventionally performed include improvement in wear resistance by hard chromium plating and improvement in seizure resistance by nitriding or molybdenum spraying. However, since the sliding characteristics of the piston rings treated by these methods are insufficient for the current required level, the chemical comparison between Cr-N and Ti-N systems has recently been made by the ion plating method. It has been studied to apply a stable compound to the piston ring as a hard coating.
[0006]
However, since the Cr—N-based film has a relatively low hardness, it tends to wear, and sufficient sliding characteristics have not been obtained yet. Furthermore, a piston ring having a Ti—N ion plating film as a film having a high film hardness and excellent sliding properties has been proposed (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-19412). However, since the Cr—N-based film has a relatively low hardness, it tends to wear, and sufficient sliding characteristics have not been obtained yet.
High further film hardness, Ti-N-based film which has been proposed as a film excellent in sliding characteristics, albeit actual use as a cutting tool, when used as a sliding member of the machine parts and the like is film There is a defect that the hardness is too high and the mating material is worn.
[0007]
Further, the surface of the counterpart material that has become rough due to wear by the Ti-N-based film causes the Ti-N-based film to be abrasively worn , and the sliding condition between the two deteriorates, so that seizure tends to occur. In addition, since the film hardness is too high, there is a disadvantage that “initial compatibility” with the counterpart material in contact with the film is poor. Here, the "initial conformability" can reduce the contact surface pressure by the sliding contact surface is a part of the surface of the sliding member within a short time after the start sliding wear minutely and smooth, lubricating It is to prevent the occurrence of wear and seizure by making it difficult for the oil film to break. Ti-N-based coatings are less likely to be worn by the initial stage and thus tend to cause wear and seizure phenomena at the initial stage of sliding.
[0008]
In addition to such sliding property problems, hard coatings have manufacturing problems. In general, after coating a hard thin film, it is necessary to smoothen the sliding surface of the film by polishing or the like so as to improve initial conformability and avoid excessive wear of the mating material, but the film hardness is high Therefore, smoothing is difficult. Therefore, this polishing process takes a long time, and it is not a uniform finishing allowance, the film thickness becomes non-uniform and the film is partially removed, resulting in a high rate of defective products.
[0009]
Furthermore, the Cr—N film is silver or silver white, and the Ti—N film is gold or light yellow, and there is little difference in color tone from the metal color of the base of the sliding member. As a means for detecting a portion where the film has disappeared due to polishing, it has not been possible to automate it with an image analyzer or the like. For this reason, it is necessary to take a method of enlarging with a microscope and inspecting with the naked eye, and there is a big problem in terms of performance assurance.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention is a film made of chromium, nitrogen, and oxygen that improves initial conformability compared to conventional TiN films and has excellent wear resistance and seizure resistance, and improves adhesion to the substrate. Another object of the present invention is to provide a sliding material coated with a Cr—N—O-based film and a method for producing the same. It is another object of the present invention to provide a sliding member that can easily inspect a missing portion of a film.
Further, the present invention is to improving the initial conformability than conventional TiN film, wear resistance and chromium seizure resistance is excellent, a piston ring coated with a film consisting of nitrogen and oxygen, An object of the present invention is to provide a piston ring coated with a film having improved adhesion to a substrate. Another object of the present invention is to provide a piston ring capable of easily inspecting a missing portion of a film .
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, a sliding part such as a machine part is coated with a Cr—N—O-based film having excellent sliding characteristics such as wear resistance and seizure resistance and good initial familiarity. The above-mentioned problems are solved by changing the film composition toward the surface.
That is, the sliding material according to the present invention is a sliding material in which a Cr—N—O-based film composed of chromium, nitrogen and oxygen is coated on a substrate, and in the thickness direction of the film from the surface of the substrate to the surface of the film. The oxygen atom% ratio is discontinuously or continuously increased.
The piston ring according to the present invention is a piston ring in which an ion plating film having a composition composed of chromium, nitrogen, and oxygen is coated on a substrate, and oxygen atoms in a range from the substrate surface to the film surface in the thickness direction of the film. It is characterized in that the% ratio increases discontinuously or continuously.
[0012]
As the substrate, materials such as iron, aluminum and titanium can be used. It is preferable that the film whose film composition is changed (hereinafter referred to as “graded film”) has a thickness in the range of 1 to 50 μm.
In the gradient coating, it is important that the oxygen on the substrate side is low, preferably 0%, and that the oxygen on the surface side is high, and the oxygen concentration increases continuously or discontinuously (for example, step-like or saw-tooth change). To do. Further, the gradient coating shows the above oxygen concentration change over the entire thickness . When such a change occurs in the entire thickness direction, sliding characteristics and adhesion due to the respective physical properties of low oxygen concentration Cr—N—O and high oxygen concentration Cr—N—O can be obtained.
[0013]
Inclined coating is from the initial stage of film formation to the end of film formation in the PVD method in which the base is brought into contact with a gas phase in which chromium vapor, nitrogen and oxygen are mixed by vapor deposition, sputtering, ion plating, etc. It can be formed by a method in which the amount of oxygen introduced during the period is increased discontinuously or continuously. The ion plating is preferably cathodic plating, but the present invention is not limited to this, and various systems as exemplified in Rev. 5 Metal Handbook, page 903 can be adopted.
[0014]
The thickness of the ion plating film is preferably 1 to 50 μm. If it is less than the lower limit of this range, the sliding performance is insufficient, and even if the upper limit is exceeded, there is little improvement in performance.
[0015]
[Action]
Chromium make the nitrogen and oxygen and stable hard material. If the amount of nitrogen is too small or too large, the hardness of the coating will decrease and the wear resistance of the coating will decrease, so it is preferable to determine the nitrogen content so that the Vickers hardness is not less than 1000. The Cr—N-based film is softer than the Ti—N-based film and has excellent conformability. When oxygen coexists with nitrogen in the Cr-N-based film, it increases the hardness of the film, improves the sliding characteristics, and makes the film color dark (non-metallic). Even if the amount of oxygen is small, it is effective for improving the sliding characteristics. However, if the amount of oxygen is too small, the effect of changing the color tone is not sufficiently exhibited. Therefore, it is necessary to add oxygen so that the change in color tone can be detected. On the other hand, if the amount of oxygen is too large, the hardness of the film exceeds 2000 in terms of Vickers hardness, and the wear of the counterpart material increases. Therefore, it is preferable that the amount of oxygen added be less than this hardness.
[0016]
The above-mentioned ratio of chromium, nitrogen and oxygen is preferably in the range of Cr: N: O = 1: 0.9 to 0.1: 0.1 to 1.2 in atomic percent ratio, It is preferable to change the amount in the film thickness direction.
[0017]
In order to form an ion plating film, it is necessary to gasify chromium and other components from separate sources. Nitrogen and oxygen may be supplied as separate gases or may be supplied as compounds such as No 2 and NO.
[0018]
Hereinafter, the effect | action by adding oxygen to a Cr-N type film | membrane and changing the quantity over the whole film thickness is demonstrated in detail.
FIG. 1 shows a line analysis result by EPMA of a Cr—N—O-based gradient coating film formed by changing the ratio of the oxygen gas flow rate to the nitrogen gas flow rate in 10 steps from 0 to 1.0. The right part of the figure shows the substrate surface (sub.), And it was confirmed that the amount of oxygen increased from the substrate surface toward the coating surface. It is also shown that the relative amount of chromium and nitrogen decreases with increasing oxygen content.
[0019]
Table 1 shows the surface roughness and film hardness of the films of the examples.
For comparison, the ratio of the oxygen gas flow rate to the nitrogen gas flow rate is made equal to the outermost surface of the Cr—N—O-based gradient coating, and the Cr—N—O-based coating produced without changing the flow rate ratio during film formation Also showed at the same time.
[0020]
Figure 0003687682
[0021]
The Cr—N—O-based gradient coating has a surface roughness almost the same as that of the Cr—N—O-based coating, but the coating hardness is improved.
Lc in the table represents a critical load value (in Newtons) obtained from a scratch test, which is one of methods for evaluating the adhesion between the film and the substrate. The Lc value of the Cr—N—O-based gradient coating shows a value nearly twice that of the Cr—N—O-based coating, and the oxygen atom% ratio in the coating is stepped from the substrate surface toward the coating surface. It was found that the adhesion between the substrate and the film was remarkably improved by increasing the thickness.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by examples.
[0022]
【Example】
Example 1
The film-forming substrate used in this example is high chromium steel (JIS standard SUJ-2). The substrate is ultrasonically cleaned in a fluorocarbon liquid in advance, and the oxygen atom% ratio is stepped from the substrate surface to the coating surface by cathodic arc plasma ion plating on the mirror-finished substrate surface according to the procedure described below. In this way, a Cr—N—O-based gradient coating with a changed coating composition was formed.
[0023]
After the substrate was ultrasonically cleaned, it was mounted in a vacuum container (chamber) of an ion plating apparatus, and subsequently evacuated until the pressure in the chamber became 1.3 × 10 −3 Pa (pascal). When this degree of vacuum is achieved, the substrate is heated to 300 to 600 ° C. by a heater built in the chamber to release gas components adhering to or adsorbing to the substrate surface, and then cooled to 200 ° C. did. When the pressure in the chamber became 4 × 10 −3 Pa or less, arc discharge was generated on the surface of the Cr target serving as the cathode, and a large portion of Cr was ejected from the target surface in an ionized state. At this time, a bias voltage of −700 to −1000 V is applied to the jig to which the substrate is attached, and the ionized Cr that is ejected from the target is attracted to the surface of the substrate and the jig, and these ions are covered at a high speed. Collided with the processing surface.
[0024]
Surface activation treatment was performed by so-called sputter cleaning in which oxides and the like on the surface to be treated were scraped by such ionized metal collisions. Further, when a small amount of nitrogen gas is introduced into the chamber simultaneously with the occurrence of arc discharge, a part of the ionized Cr is combined with the nitrogen gas and deposited as a Cr—N-based film on the substrate surface. Thereafter, the nitrogen gas flow rate is further increased to a pressure of about 1.3 Pa, a bias voltage of −10 to −100 V is applied to form a Cr—N-based film on the substrate surface, and then the amount of oxygen introduced is changed every 5 minutes. A Cr—N—O-based gradient coating was produced in which the oxygen atom% ratio in the coating was increased by a certain amount and increased from the substrate surface toward the coating surface. After the film was formed until a film having a predetermined oxygen atom% ratio was formed, the chamber was cooled until the temperature in the chamber became 150 ° C. or lower, and the substrate coated with the film was taken out of the chamber. For comparison, a Cr—N—O-based film that does not change the oxygen introduction amount, which has been conventionally used, was also produced in the same manner.
[0025]
These films were subjected to a scuff test with a pin-on-disk friction tester using gray cast iron (FC25) as a counterpart material, and the seizure resistance was evaluated by a seizure load . The scuff test conditions were as follows.
Lubrication method: Motor oil # 30, oil temperature 80 ° C, oil amount 4cc / sec
Friction speed: 8m / sec
Contact load: Increase from initial 2 MPa every 1 MPa, friction time until seizure: Hold for 180 sec at each load.
The results obtained by the above method are shown in FIG. The Cr—N—O-based coating film showed a scuff value of about 30 MPa, but the Cr—N—O-based gradient coating film showed a scuff value of 34 MPa, and the gradient coating film showed improved adhesion to the substrate. The seizure resistance is improved.
A pin-drum type wear tester was used to conduct a wear test using gray cast iron (FC25) on the drum. The wear test conditions were as follows.
[0027]
Lubrication method: Motor oil # 30, oil temperature 80 ° C, oil amount 8cc / sec
Drum rotation speed: 5m / sec
Contact load: 1.5 MPa
Test time: 30ksec
[0028]
The wear amount of the pin coated with the film and the wear amount of the drum are shown together in FIG. Here, the wear amount of the pin was obtained from the width of the worn contact surface in the drum rotation direction, and the wear amount of the drum was obtained from the wear depth of the drum. Paying attention to the wear amount of the pin, it was found that the Cr—N—O-based gradient coating is a material having a small wear amount and excellent wear resistance compared to the Cr—N—O-based coating. On the other hand, in the case of a Cr—N—O-based gradient coating, the wear amount of the drum is smaller than that of the Cr—N—O-based coating, and the Cr—N—O-based gradient coating suppresses its own wear and at the same time is a counterpart material. It was found that the film was difficult to wear.
[0029]
From the above scuff test and wear test, the Cr-N-O-based gradient coating is superior to the Cr-N-O-based coating in terms of wear resistance and seizure resistance, and at the same time suppresses the wear of the sliding part mating material. It was found that familiarity was good.
[0030]
Example 2
In this example, a piston ring made of stainless steel (JIS standard SUS440C) with a nominal diameter × width × thickness = φ86 mm × 2 mm × 3 mm was treated in the same manner as in Example 1, and as in Example 1, A seizure test and an abrasion resistance test were performed. The results are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, respectively. These performances were similar to the results obtained in Example 1.
[0031]
As described above, the Cr—N—O-based ion plating film on the sliding surface of the sliding material and the piston ring surface has high hardness due to the action of coexisting oxygen, excellent sliding characteristics, and visual inspection of the film missing. Inspection is possible. Cr—N—O-based coating that does not change the oxygen atomic percent ratio by increasing the oxygen atomic percent ratio of the Cr—N—O-based ion plating coating discontinuously or continuously from the substrate surface toward the coating surface As a result, a sliding material that is superior in adhesion to the substrate and excellent in sliding properties such as wear resistance and seizure resistance can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an EPMA analysis result of a Cr—N—O-based gradient coating.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a seizure test result of a sliding material.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a result of a wear test of a sliding material.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a seizure test result of a piston ring.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the results of a piston ring wear test.

Claims (6)

Cr-N 系皮膜が基体に被覆された摺動材料において、前記 Cr-N に酸素を含有させた皮膜の厚み方向で基体表面から皮膜表面の範囲で酸素原子%が不連続的あるいは連続的に増加しており、百分率で表される皮膜組成が、基体の界面ではクロムと窒素からなり、残りの皮膜がクロム、窒素および酸素からなり、あるいは皮膜全体でクロム、窒素および酸素からなることを特徴とする摺動材料。In sliding material Cr-N-based film is coated on the substrate, the Cr-N oxygen oxygen atom percent discontinuously or continuously in a range in the thickness direction at the substrate surface from the coating surface of the coating which contains the the The coating composition, expressed as a percentage, is composed of chromium and nitrogen at the interface of the substrate and the remaining film is composed of chromium, nitrogen and oxygen, or the entire film is composed of chromium, nitrogen and oxygen. A sliding material. 基体に被覆された前記皮膜はビッカース硬さが、1000以上2000以下の皮膜であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の摺動材料。2. The sliding material according to claim 1, wherein the film coated on the substrate is a film having a Vickers hardness of 1000 or more and 2000 or less. Cr-N 系皮膜が基体に被覆されたピストンリングにおいて、前記 Cr-N に酸素を含有させた皮膜の厚み方向で基体表面から皮膜表面の範囲で酸素原子%が不連続的あるいは連続的に増加しており、百分率で表される皮膜の組成が、基体の界面ではクロムと窒素からなり、残りの皮膜がクロム、窒素および酸素からなり、あるいは皮膜全体でクロム、窒素および酸素からなることを特徴とするピストンリング。In the piston ring Cr-N-based film is coated on the substrate, increasing the Cr-N oxygen oxygen atom percent discontinuously or continuously in the range of the thickness direction the substrate surface of the film which contains the film surface to The composition of the coating expressed as a percentage consists of chromium and nitrogen at the substrate interface, and the remaining coating consists of chromium, nitrogen and oxygen, or the entire coating consists of chromium, nitrogen and oxygen. Piston ring. 基体に被覆された前記皮膜はビッカース硬さが、1000以上2000以下のイオンプレーティング皮膜であることを特徴とする請求項3記載のピストンリング。4. The piston ring according to claim 3, wherein the film coated on the substrate is an ion plating film having a Vickers hardness of 1000 or more and 2000 or less. クロムの蒸気と窒素および酸素を混合した気相と基体を接触させることにより皮膜を基体に被覆するPVD法において、成膜初期から成膜終了に至る期間中に導入する酸素量を不連続的あるいは連続的に増加させることを特徴とする請求項1記載の摺動材料の製造方法。  In the PVD method in which the substrate is coated by contacting the substrate with the vapor phase of chromium vapor and nitrogen and oxygen mixed with the substrate, the amount of oxygen introduced during the period from the beginning of film formation to the end of film formation is discontinuous or The method for producing a sliding material according to claim 1, wherein the sliding material is continuously increased. クロムの蒸気と窒素および酸素を混合した気相と気体を接触させることにより基体を被覆するPVDイオンプレーティング法において、成膜初期から成膜終了に至る期間中に導入する酸素量を不連続的あるいは連続的に増加させることを特徴とする請求項3記載のピストンリングの製造方法。In the PVD ion plating method , which coats the substrate by bringing a gas phase mixed with chromium vapor and nitrogen and oxygen into contact with the gas, the amount of oxygen introduced during the period from the beginning of film formation to the end of film formation is discontinuous. Alternatively, the piston ring manufacturing method according to claim 3, wherein the piston ring is continuously increased.
JP28954792A 1992-09-18 1992-10-02 Sliding material, piston ring and manufacturing method thereof Expired - Lifetime JP3687682B2 (en)

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