JP3687969B2 - Multi-natural concrete channel structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for constructing a multi-natural concrete channel that protects aquatic organisms, and a channel structure.

  Currently, three-sided concrete secondary product waterways are used for almost all construction of waterways other than rivers. The three-faced concrete secondary product channel has no place or space for living organisms, and it was difficult for organisms to live in these channels. Especially during the summer drought period, the water flow stopped and it became a world of death. There are comparatively many things which made the hole in the side wall surface of the waterway and gave the fish nest block (for example, patent documents 1 and 2).

Japanese Patent No. 2837811 (first page, FIG. 1) Utility Model No. 3022430 (first page, FIG. 1)

However, in the conventional three-sided concrete secondary product channel,
(1) If the water does not flow in the waterway and the bottom water disappears, the aquatic creatures there will be killed. Also,
(2) Even when a fish nest block is used, in most cases there is no water stop function, and there is a possibility that water will flow out and be depleted because it has water permeability with external soil.
(3) When there is a large amount of water, the water flowing through the waterway is fast, so all the aquatic organisms will flow along with the mud, sand, stones, algae, etc. accumulated at the bottom.
(4) In the case of a waterway surrounded by three-sided concrete, there are few hiding places for living things.
(5) Aquatic organisms are the preferred food for water birds because most of them are shallow even when there is water.
(6) Although some attempts to collect mud and water by installing a block on the weir in a normal waterway can be seen in some cases, if it is installed in a normal waterway, the flow cross section of the plan is obstructed. So, when there was a big water, there was a problem with water use that the water did not flow as planned.
(7) Furthermore, it is conceivable to have a structure that only allows water to accumulate in the waterway, but fish is placed inside, there is food on the bottom, and a covered space is secured above that is protected from birds. There is a difficulty that it is not even a structure such as.
In view of the above, the inventors have made it an object to provide a method for constructing a multi-natural concrete channel and a channel structure for protecting aquatic organisms.

  In order to study the above-mentioned problems and achieve this, in the construction of the secondary product waterway of three-sided concrete, the waterway bottom of a certain section is set lower than the normal waterway bottom, and the waterway is placed in the lowered section. Attach one or more cover blocks that are almost closed on the upstream side and open on the downstream side, or the upper part of the cover block is installed near the bottom of the normal waterway, and part of the inside of the cover block is As a structure with water, mud, sand, stones, etc. stored in it, it is made higher than the normal bottom of the waterway, and this makes it possible to provide an environment where fish and aquatic organisms inside the waterway can be raised.

  There is also a structure in which weirs etc. are provided in the usual concrete three-sided waterway, but this occupies the cross section where the water flows, and there is a risk of causing a serious accident where the water overflows when there is a large amount of water. As shown in the figure, the bottom of the water channel in a certain section is lowered, a cover block is attached in the lowered section, and the upper part of the cover block is installed near the bottom of the normal water channel, so that the cross section of the water passage is different from the normal water channel. The structure is the same and does not cause cross-section inhibition.

  The construction method for that purpose is to provide a section where the bottom of the water channel is lowered from the normal bottom of the water channel in a predetermined section of the bottom of the water channel, in which the upstream side of the water channel is almost closed and the downstream side of the water channel is opened A multi-natural concrete channel characterized in that one or more blocks are provided and water, mud, sand, stones, etc. are accumulated between the cover block and the lowered channel bottom to form a habitat for aquatic organisms. This is the construction method. In order to provide the section where the bottom of the waterway is lowered, a concrete secondary product having a low waterway bottom may be used, or a section where the bottom of the waterway is lowered may be formed with on-site concrete.

  The height of the upper part of the cover block is set near the normal water channel bottom, or a part of the height inside the cover block is set higher than the height of the normal water channel bottom. When it is difficult for water to leak to the outside like an irrigation channel, it was difficult to install a fish nest block on the side wall outside the water channel because it caused water leakage, but this method has the same three-sided concrete channel There is no need to worry about leaking water just by using. Also, when there is a large amount of water, the amount of water increases and the flow becomes faster, and mud, sand, algae, and living things are also washed away, but this construction method protects you from a fast flow by installing a cover block in a deep part. Mud and sand are difficult to escape.

  In this way, if the bottom of a certain section of the channel is lowered, this part will not be depleted of water even in the summer drought period, so fish, fish, shellfish, crabs, riverina, firefly larvae, etc. will inhabit be able to. In addition, the accumulation of sand, mud, etc. causes algae to take root, and the number of organisms that lay eggs on them increases. Moreover, since the water depth of this structure becomes comparatively shallow, aquatic organisms are easy to feed waterbirds, but safety is also ensured by using a cover block.

  One or a plurality of cover blocks used in this construction method are installed at almost right angles to the flow and in parallel. When the ground concrete is filled between the cover blocks or between the cover blocks and the side walls of the water, they are integrated. Good. The open side of the cover block on the downstream side of the water channel can be divided into a plurality of spaces by the partition 1c or narrowed.

The present invention comprises a water channel section made of a first secondary product of a three-sided concrete having a normal water channel bottom and a second secondary product of a three-sided concrete having a water channel bottom lower than the water channel bottom, the upper end of which is the first. A low water channel section in which the upstream side is connected to the downstream side of the first secondary product so as to align with the upper end of the secondary product of the first secondary product; It is arranged so as to face the water channel bottom of the water channel section and to be almost aligned with the water channel bottom of the water channel section, its both side surfaces are closed surfaces, its upstream side is a closed surface and the water channel bottom and low water channel sections of the water channel section The structure provided with the cover block which block | closes the clearance gap between these water channel bottoms and the downstream part side becomes an open surface is preferable. The upper surface of the cover block is preferably a rough surface, artificial stone, or embossed stone, so that salamanders and the like can move easily and people do not slip, ensuring safety.
Moreover, even if mud and sand accumulate in the part where the channel bottom is lowered in a certain section by providing a part installed higher than the normal channel bottom height at a part of the height inside the cover block A gap is formed in a part of the inside of the cover block, and a habitat space where the crabs and crabs can live is always secured.

  The cover block for that purpose may be integral with or separate from the bottom of the water channel. In that case, the cover block may be fastened to the water channel bottom or fixed integrally with concrete. Since the width of the waterway varies depending on the location where it is used, this cover block can be used by installing multiple cover blocks of the same width without increasing the type even if the width of the waterway is wide, and also used in combination with on-site cast concrete Therefore, economical and reliable water stop construction can be performed. Of course, it is also possible to make an integrated type that matches the shape of the channel bottom. In addition, the cover block can have a change in the flow of water by changing the length or height on the right and left sides of the water channel.

  Natural algae or artificial algae can be fixed by fixing stones or artificial stones to the bottom of the water channel in the cover block, or attaching a fixing tool such as a wire net to the stones, artificial stones or the lower part of the cover block of the water channel. Fix stones to the bottom of the channel so that mud and sand in the cover block do not flow away, or lay a fixing tool such as a wire mesh or fiber mat on the bottom of the stone or cover block, and fix it to the bottom of the channel. By attaching artificial algae to prevent outflow, natural recovery can be accelerated.

  It is desirable that the slope of the substantially closed portion on the upstream side of the water channel of the cover block be less than 60 degrees. The slope of the almost closed part on the upstream side of the water channel of the cover block fixed to the deep part, the angle α is set to an angle of about 90 degrees or looser than 60 degrees to generate a natural flow. The mud and sand at the bottom of the canal are not washed away by turbulent flow.

  The material of the cover block is a material that is strong and does not adversely affect the natural ecosystem as concrete, porous concrete, soil concrete, earthenware, metal, plastic, wood, soil, or a mixture thereof. This makes it possible to withstand the impact of rocks and sand flowing along with the fast flow, and by using natural materials, a large number of aquatic organisms can be encroached and at the same time aquatic plants can easily grow.

The construction method and channel structure of the multi-natural concrete channel for protecting aquatic organisms according to the present invention can avoid the killing of aquatic organisms that existed even if water did not flow in the channel and there was no water at the bottom. In addition, the aquatic organisms can be kept safe with mud, sand, stones, algae, etc. accumulated at the bottom due to the water flowing through the waterway even during large water.
Although it is a waterway surrounded by three-sided concrete, there is a hiding place for creatures, protecting aquatic creatures from water birds. Furthermore, since it does not obstruct the cross section of the normal water channel, the planned water flows even when there is a large amount of water.

  Furthermore, even if mud and sand accumulate in the part where the channel bottom is lowered in a certain section by providing a part installed higher than the normal channel bottom height at a part of the height inside the cover block A gap is formed in a part of the inside of the cover block, and a habitat space where the crabs and crabs can live is always secured.

  Since the width of the waterway varies depending on the location where it is used, the cover block can be handled by installing multiple cover blocks of the same width without increasing the type even when the width of the waterway is wide. Therefore, economical and reliable water stop construction is possible. Of course, it is also possible to make an integrated type that matches the shape of the channel bottom.

  Fix stones to the bottom of the channel so that mud and sand in the cover block do not flow away, or lay a fixing tool such as a wire mesh or fiber mat on the bottom of the stone or cover block, and fix it to the bottom of the channel. The recovery of nature can be accelerated by attaching artificial algae to prevent outflow.

  By making the angle of the almost closed part on the upstream side of the channel of the cover block fixed to the deep part a gentler angle than 60 degrees with respect to the horizontal, natural flow is generated and the channel bottom is turbulent This prevents mud and sand at the bottom of the waterway from being washed away.

  By using materials that are strong and do not adversely affect the natural ecosystem, such as concrete, porous concrete, soil concrete, earthenware, metal, plastic, wood, soil or a mixture of them, Withstands the impact of stones and sand flowing together, and the use of natural materials makes many aquatic organisms live and aquatic plants also proliferate.

  This will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a water channel structure constructed by a multi-natural concrete channel construction method for protecting aquatic organisms of the present invention. In this construction method, a section b in which the water channel bottom is lowered from the normal water channel bottom a is provided in a predetermined section of the water channel bottom, and the water channel upstream side is substantially closed and the water channel downstream side is opened in the lowered section b. One or a plurality of cover blocks 1 are provided, and water, mud, sand, stones, etc. are accumulated between the cover block and the lowered water channel bottom to form a habitat c for aquatic organisms.

  The cover block 1 of the first embodiment will be described with reference to a top perspective view of FIG. 2 and a bottom perspective view of FIG. The cover block 1 has a hollow structure in which the water channel upstream side 1a is closed and the water channel downstream side 1b is opened. The cover block 1 can be fixed to the water channel block 2 by using an adhesive, cement or the like.

  Further explanation will be made based on the cross-sectional view in the flow (downward) direction (shown by arrows in FIG. 4) in FIG. 4 and the cross-sectional view in the direction perpendicular to the flow in FIG. Unevenness is provided. In order to provide in the section b where the water channel bottom is lowered from the normal water channel bottom a, the uppermost portion X of the cover block 1 formed with irregularities in the vertical direction is made substantially the same as the normal water channel bottom a in this example. A part of the height inside the cover block can be set higher than the height of the normal water channel bottom a.

  The height Y of the recess formed in the flow direction toward the center of the cover block 1 indicates the water level during drought. The height Z of the bottom of the recess is a gap in which algae can be rooted by accumulation of sand, mud and the like. The gaps 1d and 1d formed on both sides of the bottom of the concave portion of the cover block 1 can hold water or air during drought.

  The cover block 1 of the second embodiment is shown in a top perspective view of FIG. 6 and a bottom perspective view of FIG. The cover block 1 has a convex portion in the flow direction toward the center. The construction mode of this cover block 1 is shown in FIGS. The bolt is fixed to the insert anchor 3 provided at the bottom of the water channel by a bolt 4 using a bolt hole 1f provided in the housing. One cover block 1 is installed substantially at right angles to the flow within the channel width, and the cast-in-place concrete d is filled and integrated between the channel side walls. In the example shown in FIG. 9, two pieces are installed in parallel, and the cast-in-place concrete is filled and integrated between the cover blocks 1 and 1 and the side wall of the water channel. In order to provide diversity of the habitat area c of the living organism, it is more preferable to provide unevenness in the vertical direction in the cavity, but the internal cavity of the cover block 1 does not necessarily have unevenness as seen in FIG. It may be a rectangular cross section. In addition, the example shown in FIG. 10 is the example implemented to the water channel using the L-shaped cross-section water channel block.

  As in the example shown in FIGS. 11 to 13, it is desirable that the slope α of the substantially closed portion of the cover block 1 on the upstream side 1a of the water channel be less than 60 degrees. In the example of FIGS. 12 and 13, a hole 1 e is provided in a part of the water channel upstream side 1 a of the cover block 1. In this way, by setting the angle of the substantially closed portion on the upstream side of the water channel of the cover block 1 fixed to the deep portion to be an angle looser than 60 degrees with respect to the horizontal, a natural flow is generated, Ensure that mud and sand at the bottom of the channel are not washed away by turbulent flow. As a result, a habitat where the crabs and crabs can live is always secured. Further, by providing the hole 1e, it is possible to move the inside and outside of the cover block 1 of a living thing such as a living thing. In addition, an artificial algae 5 or a wire mesh 6 for fixing natural algae or the like may be installed at the bottom of the water channel. If there is no problem even if water leaks, holes 7 may be provided on the bottom of the water channel or on the side wall of the water channel.

  As shown in FIGS. 14 to 17, the cover block 1 is arranged in a state where the closed portion of the water channel upstream side 1a is in contact with the normal water channel bottom a, and the water channel downstream portion side 1b is opened. May be. The closed part of the cover block 1 has the effect | action which can stop water. The open side of the water channel downstream portion side 1b of the cover block 1 may be partitioned into a plurality of partitions 1c as seen in FIG.

  FIG. 18 shows a connection example of a normal water channel bottom a provided in a predetermined section at the bottom of the water channel and a section b where the water channel bottom is lowered, and the connection corner is filled with cast-in-place concrete d to reduce water flow resistance. ing.

It is sectional drawing of the waterway structure constructed | assembled with the construction method of the polynatural concrete waterway which protects the aquatic life of this invention. It is a top perspective view of a cover block. It is a bottom perspective view of a cover block same as the above. It is sectional drawing (in charge of arrow BB in FIG. 5) of the flow path structure (flowing down) direction of this invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view (in the direction of arrows AA in FIG. 1) in a direction perpendicular to the flow of the water channel structure of the present invention. It is an upper surface perspective view of the cover block of another Example. It is a bottom perspective view of a cover block same as the above. It is sectional drawing of the orthogonal | vertical direction with respect to the flow of the waterway structure using a cover block same as the above. It is sectional drawing of the example which installed two cover blocks same as the above in parallel. It is sectional drawing of the example implemented to the water channel using the L-shaped cross-section water channel block. It is sectional drawing of the example which installed the wire mesh etc. which fix an artificial algae or a natural algae in the water channel bottom of the example which formed the gradient of the closed part of the water channel upstream part side of a cover block more loosely than 60 degree | times. It is sectional drawing of the flow direction of another Example. It is sectional drawing of the flow direction of another Example. It is sectional drawing of the flow direction of another Example. It is an upper surface perspective view of another Example. It is sectional drawing of the flow direction of another Example. It is an upper surface perspective view of another Example. It is sectional drawing of the flow direction of the waterway structure of another Example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cover block 1a Water channel upstream part side of cover block 1b Water channel downstream part side of cover block 1c Partition 1d The space | gap formed in the bottom part of the recessed part of a cover block 1e Hole 1f Bolt hole 2 Water channel block 3 Insert anchor 4 Bolt 5 Artificial algae 6 Wire mesh for fixing natural algae, etc. 7 Hole provided in the bottom of the canal a Canal bottom b The section where the canal bottom is lowered c The habitat of aquatic organisms X The top of the cover block Y The height of the recess Z The height of the bottom of the recess α Angle (gradient)

Claims (2)

A canal section consisting of a first secondary product of three-sided concrete with a normal canal bottom;
A second secondary product of three-sided concrete having a channel bottom lower than the channel bottom, the upper end of which is downstream of the first secondary product so as to be aligned with the upper end of the first secondary product. A low waterway section where the upstream side is connected,
It is attached to the low water channel section fully in the width direction, and its upper surface is disposed so as to face the water channel bottom of the low water channel section and substantially align with the water channel bottom of the water channel section, and both side surfaces thereof are closed surfaces. And the upstream portion side becomes a closed surface and closes the gap between the water channel bottom of the water channel section and the water channel bottom of the low water channel section, and the downstream side of the cover block is an open surface. A multi-natural concrete channel structure that protects aquatic life. The upper surface of the cover block has a raised portion that rises at a position away from the upstream side, and a part of the lower surface of the raised portion is located higher than the water channel bottom of the water channel section. Multi-natural concrete channel structure.

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