JP3689084B2 - Battery charge state calculation device and battery charge state calculation method - Google Patents
Battery charge state calculation device and battery charge state calculation method Download PDFInfo
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、車両などに用いられるバッテリの使用中の状態における残存容量の状態（即ち、充電状態）検知するバッテリ充電状態演算装置およびバッテリ充電状態演算方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来のバッテリの残存容量の推定方法（即ち、バッテリの充電状態の推定方法）としては、バッテリ端子開放電圧をバッテリの充電状態（ＳＯＣ：State of Charge）の初期値とし、バッテリ充放電電流の積算値で補正する方法が一般的に知られている。
また、特許文献１には、バッテリの分極を考慮した正確なＩ‐Ｖ（電流‐電圧）近似直線を得ることで、ハイブリッドカーでも精度のよい充電状態を得ることのできる「分極を考慮したバッテリ容量演算装置」が開示されている。
【０００３】
この特許文献１に開示されている分極を考慮したバッテリ容量演算装置は、「車両の負荷に放電電流を流すバッテリの電圧・電流を収集して電圧‐電流特性を求め、この電圧‐電流特性を用いてバッテリの現在の電圧を推定し、この推定電圧からバッテリの現在の充電状態を求める一方、収集した電流がバッテリの最大の分極発生の大電流に最初に到達し、かつ該到達後に電流が大電流以下の所定電流値に最初に到達したとき、このときのバッテリの電圧を最大の分極の影響を残した状態の最大分極影響残存時の推定電圧とし、この最大分極影響残存時の推定電圧と走行開始時のバッテリの開回路電圧との差を用いて充電状態を補正する」ことが記載されている。
【０００４】
【特許文献１】
特開２００１−１７４５３５号公報（図１および段落００３９）
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
近年脚光を浴びている低排出ガス・低燃費を目的としたハイブリッド車両においては、アイドリング中にエンジン停止を行う機能が備わるため、エンジン停止後にエンジン再始動可能な電力をバッテリに蓄えておく必要があり、バッテリの使用中において、その充電状態（即ち、バッテリの残存容量）を正確に把握する必要がある。
しかしながら、バッテリ液量、劣化（軟化、腐食、サルフェーション、等）、バッテリ温度、分極の影響などにより、バッテリの開放電圧、バッテリ容量は変化するため、バッテリ残存容量を正確に推定することは困難であった。
【０００６】
この発明は、このような問題点を解決するためになされたもので、バッテリ液量の変化、劣化、バッテリ温度、分極の程度などに影響されることなく、所定アプリケーションの電流条件において、現在使用中のバッテリの残存容量の状態、言い換えれば、現在使用中のバッテリの充電状態（ＳＯＣ：State of Charge）を容易に把握（演算）することのできるバッテリ充電状態演算装置およびバッテリ充電状態演算方法を提供することを目的とする。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明に係るバッテリ充電状態演算装置は、バッテリの電圧を検出するバッテリ電圧検出手段と、バッテリの電流を検出するバッテリ電流検出手段と、複数のサンプリングポイントにおいて上記バッテリ電圧検出手段および上記バッテリ電流検出手段が検出する電圧値と電流値を用い、現在使用中の状態である第一の状態におけるバッテリの電流−電圧特性を近似的に求め、これを第一の電流−電圧特性として記憶する第１の電流−電圧特性記憶手段と、上記第一の状態よりも取り出せるエネルギー量が多い第二の状態における上記第二の電流−電圧特性、および上記第一の状態よりも取り出せるエネルギー量が少ない第三の状態における上記第三の電流−電圧特性とをあらかじめ記憶している第２の電流−電圧特性記憶手段と、上記バッテリの所定負荷電流値を記憶している所定電流値記憶手段と、上記第一の電流−電圧特性を用いてバッテリ電流が上記所定負荷電流値のときの第一のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃを算出し、上記第二の電流−電圧特性を用いてバッテリ電流が上記所定負荷電流値のときの第二のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ maxを算出し、上記第三の電流−電圧特性を用いてバッテリ電流が上記所定負荷電流値のときの第三のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ minを算出する所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧算出手段と、上記所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧算出手段によって算出される上記第一、第二および第三のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ、Ｖｃ max 、Ｖｃ minを用いて、上記第一の状態におけるバッテリの充電状態ＳＯＣを、
ＳＯＣ＝［（Ｖｃ−Ｖｃ min ）／（Ｖｃ max −Ｖｃ min ）］×１００（％）
の式に基づいて演算する充電状態演算手段とを備えたものである。
【０００８】
また、この発明に係るバッテリ充電状態演算装置の上記第二の状態は満充電状態であり、上記第三の状態は深放電状態であることを特徴とするものである。
【０００９】
また、この発明に係るバッテリ充電状態演算装置の上記充電状態演算手段は、上記第一のバッテリ電圧と上記第三のバッテリ電圧の差分に対する上記第二のバッテリと第三のバッテリ電圧の差分の比を演算するものである。
【００１０】
また、この発明に係るバッテリ充電状態演算方法は、複数のサンプリングポイントにおいて、現在使用中の状態である第一の状態におけるバッテリの電圧値および電流値を検出するステップと、検出された上記複数のサンプリングポイントにおけるバッテリの電圧値および電流値を用いて、上記第一の状態におけるバッテリの電流−電圧特性を近似的に求め、これを第一の電流−電圧特性として記憶するステップと、上記第一の状態よりも取り出せるエネルギー量が多い第二の状態における上記第二の電流−電圧特性、および上記第一の状態よりも取り出せるエネルギー量が少ない第三の状態における上記第三の電流−電圧特性とをあらかじめ記憶しておくステップと、上記バッテリの所定負荷電流値を記憶しておくステップと、上記第一の電流−電圧特性を用いてバッテリ電流が上記所定負荷電流値のときの第一のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃを算出し、上記第二の電流−電圧特性を用いてバッテリ電流が上記所定負荷電流値のときの第二のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ maxを算出し、上記第三の電流−電圧特性を用いてバッテリ電流が上記所定負荷電流値のときの第三のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ minを算出するステップと、算出された上記第一、第二および第三のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ、Ｖｃ max 、Ｖｃ minを用いて、上記第一の状態におけるバッテリの充電状態ＳＯＣを、
ＳＯＣ＝［（Ｖｃ−Ｖｃ min ）／（Ｖｃ max −Ｖｃ min ）］×１００（％）
の式に基づいて演算を演算するステップとを備えたものである。
【００１１】
また、この発明に係るバッテリ充電状態演算方法の上記バッテリの充電状態を演算するステップは、上記第二のバッテリ電圧と上記第三のバッテリ電圧の差分に対する上記第二のバッテリと第三のバッテリ電圧の差分の比を演算するものである。
【００１２】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面に基づいて、本発明の一実施の形態を説明する。
なお、各図間において、同一符号は同一あるいは相当のものを表す。
実施の形態１．
この発明の一実施例を図面とともに説明する。
図１は、実施の形態１によるバッテリ充電状態演算装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
また、図２は、本実施の形態によるバッテリ充電状態演算装置の動作を説明するための図である。
図１および図２に基づいて、本実施の形態によるバッテリ充電状態演算装置の構成と動作を説明する。
図１において、１はハイブリッドカーや電気自動車などに搭載されているバッテリ（図示なし）のバッテリ電圧を検出する電圧検出手段、２は該バッテリの充放電電流を検出する電流検出手段である。
【００１３】
３はバッテリの第１の電流（Ｉ）−電圧（Ｖ）特性記憶手段である。
以降は、「電流−電圧特性」のことを「Ｉ−Ｖ特性」と称することとする。
第１のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段３は、充電状態の演算対象である現在使用中のバッテリ（以下、単にバッテリあるいは当該バッテリと称す）のバッテリ電流（負荷電流）を所定負荷時（例えば、エンジン始動などのアプリケーションにおける最大負荷時）の電流からバッテリ負荷開放時の電流まで変化させた時に、電圧検出手段１および電流検出手段２が検出する複数のサンプリングポイント（図２中の●印で示した各ポイント）におけるバッテリ電圧Ｖおよびバッテリ電流Ｉを記憶する。
ここで、現在使用中のバッテリの状態のことを「第一の状態」と称することとする。
【００１４】
そして、この第１のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段３は、記憶された複数のサンプリングポイントにおけるバッテリ電圧Ｖおよびバッテリ電流Ｉの値から、例えば、最小二乗法による一次近似によって、“Ｖ＝−βＩ＋α”の式で表される当該バッテリの第一のＩ−Ｖ特性（即ち、現在使用中の第一の状態におけるＩ−Ｖ特性）を演算して求め、記憶する。ここで、αおよびβは正の定数である。
なお、図２中の符号Ａで示した直線は、この第一のＩ−Ｖ特性を示している。
【００１５】
４は第２のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段であって、この第２のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段４には、当該バッテリから取り出せるエネルギー量が多い状態である第二の状態における“Ｖ＝−β′Ｉ＋α′”の式で表される理論的な第二のＩ−Ｖ特性と、当該バッテリから取り出せるエネルギー量が少ない状態の第三の状態における“Ｖ＝−β″Ｉ＋α″”の式で表される理論的な第三のＩ−Ｖ特性があらかじめ記憶されている。
ここで、α′、α″、β′、β″、も正の定数である。
図２中の符号Ｂおよび符号Ｃで示した直線は、それぞれ第二のＩ−Ｖ特性および第三のＩ−Ｖ特性を示している。
【００１６】
上述したバッテリの「第二の状態」とは、例えば、バッテリが新品であって、フル（Full）に充電されている「満充電状態」の場合、あるいはこれに近い状態のように、バッテリから取り出せるエネルギー量が多い状態のことである。
また、バッテリの「第三の状態」とは、例えば、バッテリが劣化し、残存容量が少なくなり、使用不可近くまで放電している「深放電状態」の場合、あるいはこれに近い状態のように、バッテリから取り出せるエネルギー量か少ない状態のことである
なお、「深放電状態」における理論的な第三のＩ−Ｖ特性とは、バッテリが劣化状態であり、所定負荷電流（例えば、エンジン始動に必要に電流）以上の放電電流を流した場合でも、必要とする所定電圧以上のバッテリ電圧を確保できる最低限ラインのＩ−Ｖ特性である。
【００１７】
５は各アプリケーション（例えば、エンジンの始動など）における所定電流値記憶手段であって、所定電流値記憶手段５には、例えば、エンジン始動に必要な電流値が記憶されている。
６は所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧算出手段であって、所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧算出手段６は、第１のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段３に記憶されている第一のＩ−Ｖ特性（即ち、現在使用中の状態におけるバッテリのＩ−Ｖ特性）および所定電流値記憶手段５に記憶されている所定電流値（例えば、エンジン始動電流Ｉｃ）を用いて、バッテリ電流が所定電流値（エンジン始動電流Ｉｃ）のときのバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ（図２参照）を算出する。
なお、第一のＩ−Ｖ特性から得られる「バッテリが所定負荷（所定電流値）のときのバッテリ電圧」を第一のバッテリ電圧と称することとする。
従って、上記の算出されたバッテリ電圧Ｖｃは、第一のバッテリ電圧ということになる。
【００１８】
また、所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧算出手段６は、第２のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段３に記憶されている第二のＩ−Ｖ特性および所定電流値記憶手段５に記憶されている所定電流値を用いて、バッテリ電流が所定電流値のときのバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ max （図２参照）を算出する。
なお、第二のＩ−Ｖ特性から得られる「バッテリが所定負荷（所定電流値）のときのバッテリ電圧」を第二のバッテリ電圧と称することとする。
従って、上記の算出されたバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ maxは、第二のバッテリ電圧ということになる。
【００１９】
同様に、所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧算出手段６は、第２のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段３に記憶されている第三のＩ−Ｖ特性および所定電流値記憶手段５に記憶されている所定電流値を用いて、バッテリ電流が所定電流値のときのバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ min （図２参照）を算出する。
なお、第三のＩ−Ｖ特性から得られる「バッテリが所定負荷（所定電流値）のときのバッテリ電圧」を第三のバッテリ電圧と称することとする。
従って、上記の算出されたバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ min は、第三のバッテリ電圧ということになる。
また、図２において、Ｖｏ、Ｖｏ max 、Ｖｏ min は、それぞれ第一、第二、第三のＩ−Ｖ特性において、バッテリ電流がゼロ（負荷開放時）のときのバッテリ電圧である。
【００２０】
バッテリのアプリケーションが「エンジン始動」である場合、バッテリ電流がエンジン始動電流Ｉｃのときにバッテリ電圧がＶｃ min 以下になるまで劣化すると、このバッテリは使用不可ということになる。
７はＳＯＣ（充電状態）演算手段であって、ＳＯＣ（充電状態）演算手段７は所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧算出手段６が算出したバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ、バッテリ電圧Ｖｃ maxおよびバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ minを用いて、以下に示す式に基づいて、当該バッテリのＳＯＣ（充電状態）を演算する。
ＳＯＣ＝［（Ｖｃ−Ｖｃ min ）／（Ｖｃ max −Ｖｃ min）］×１００（％）
【００２１】
即ち、ＳＯＣ演算装置７は、第一のバッテリ電圧（Ｖｃ）と第三のバッテリ電圧（例えば、Ｖｃ min）の差分に対する第二のバッテリ電圧（例えば、Ｖｃ max）と第三のバッテリ電圧（例えば、Ｖｃ min）の差分の比を演算する。
そして、この演算結果の数値（％）は、当該バッテリの充電状態を表す指数となる。
従って、この演算結果を表す指数が大きいほどバッテリの残存容量が多く、まだ十分にエネルギーが残存しており、この指数が小さいほど残存容量が少なく、劣化の状態に近いと判断できる。
【００２２】
なお、第二のＩ−Ｖ特性と第三のＩ−Ｖ特性は、第２のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段にあらかじめ記憶されているので、第二のバッテリ電圧と第三のバッテリ電圧は短時間で容易に算出することができる。
また、ＳＯＣ（充電状態）演算手段は、第一のバッテリ電圧と第三のバッテリ電圧の差分に対する第二のバッテリと第三のバッテリ電圧の差分の比を演算するだけであるので、短時間の演算処理で演算結果を出すことができる。
【００２３】
以上説明したように、本実施の形態によるバッテリ充電状態演算装置は、現在使用中の状態である第一の状態におけるバッテリのＩ−Ｖ特性（第一のＩ−Ｖ特性）を近似的に求めて記憶する第１のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段と、第一の状態よりも取り出せるエネルギー量が多い第二の状態におけるバッテリのＩ−Ｖ特性（第二のＩ−Ｖ特性）、および第一の状態よりも取り出せるエネルギー量が少ない第三の状態におけるバッテリのＩ−Ｖ特性（第三のＩ−Ｖ特性）とがあらかじめ記憶されている第２のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段と、上記第一のＩ−Ｖ特性を用いてバッテリ電流が上記所定負荷電流値のときの第一のバッテリ電圧を算出し、上記第二のＩ−Ｖ特性を用いてバッテリ電流が上記所定負荷電流値のときの第二のバッテリ電圧を算出し、上記第三のＩ−Ｖ特性を用いてバッテリ電流が上記所定負荷電流値のときの第三のバッテリ電圧を算出する所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧算出手段と、算出される上記第一、第二および第三のバッテリ電圧を用いて、上記第一の状態におけるバッテリの充電状態を演算する充電状態演算手段とを備えるので、バッテリ液量の変化、劣化、バッテリ温度などに影響されることなく、所定アプリケーションの電流条件において、現在使用中のバッテリの充電状態（ＳＯＣ）を、容易、かつ、短時間に把握（判断）することができ、常時、充電状態（残存容量）の監視が必要なハイブリッドカー用のバッテリなどに好適な充電状態演算装置を提供できる。
【００２４】
実施の形態２．
図３は、実施の形態２によるバッテリ充電状態演算装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
図において、１はバッテリ電圧を検出する電圧検出手段、２はバッテリ電流を検出する電流検出手段、３は第１のＩ−Ｖ（電流−電圧）特性記憶手段、４０は第２のＩ−Ｖ（電流−電圧）特性記憶手段、５は所定電流値記憶手段、６は所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧算出手段、７はＳＯＣ（充電状態）演算手段、８はバッテリ温度を検出する温度検出手段である。
【００２５】
前述の実施の形態１によるバッテリ充電状態演算装置の第２のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段４には、取り出せるエネルギー量が多い第二の状態におけるバッテリの第二のＩ−Ｖ特性、および取り出せるエネルギー量が少ない第三の状態におけるバッテリの第三のＩ−Ｖ特性とがあらかじめ記憶されているが、この第二および第三のＩ−Ｖ特性は、現在使用中のバッテリの温度とは関係のない所定の温度におけるものであった。
バッテリは、その温度が低くなるとインピーダンスが増加するため、取り出せるエネルギーの量は少なくなる。
反対に、温度が高くなるとインピーダンスが低下するため、取り出せるエネルギーの量は多くなる。
【００２６】
そのため、本実施の形態によるバッテリ充電状態演算装置の第２のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段４０には、取り出せるエネルギー量が多い第二の状態におけるバッテリの第二のＩ−Ｖ特性の候補として、バッテリ使用温度範囲の高温から低温までの間の複数の所定温度における複数のＩ−Ｖ特性をあらかじめ記憶しておく。
同様に、第２のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段４０には、取り出せるエネルギー量が少ない第三の状態におけるバッテリの第三のＩ−Ｖ特性の候補として、バッテリ使用温度範囲の高温から低温までの間の複数の所定温度における複数のＩ−Ｖ特性をあらかじめ記憶しておく。
【００２７】
第１のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段３は、前述の実施の形態１の場合と同様に、複数のサンプリングポイントにおいて電圧検出手段１および電流検出手段２が検出するバッテリの電圧値と電流値を用い、現在使用中の状態である第一の状態におけるバッテリの第一のＩ−Ｖ特性を近似的に求めて、これを第一のＩ−Ｖ特性として記憶する。
従って、第１のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段３に記憶される第一の電流−電圧特性は、現在使用中のバッテリ温度におけるＩ−Ｖ特性である。
【００２８】
温度検出手段８は、現在使用中のバッテリの温度を検出し、検出した温度データを第２のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段４０に入力する。
第２のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段４０は、温度検出手段８が検出する温度データに基づいて、第二のＩ−Ｖ特性の候補としてあらかじめ記憶されている複数のＩ−Ｖ特性から、現在使用中のバッテリ温度に対応する（即ち、現在使用中のバッテリ温度に最も近い温度の）Ｉ−Ｖ特性を選択し、これを第二のＩ−Ｖ特性として所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧算出手段６に出力する。
また、第２のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段４０は、温度検出手段８が検出する温度データに基づいて、第三のＩ−Ｖ特性の候補としてあらかじめ記憶されている複数のＩ−Ｖ特性から、現在使用中のバッテリ温度に対応するＩ−Ｖ特性を選択し、これを第三のＩ−Ｖ特性として所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧算出手段６に出力する。
【００２９】
なお、現在使用中のバッテリ温度に対応する（即ち、現在使用中のバッテリ温度に最も近い温度の）Ｉ−Ｖ特性を選択する代わりに、現在使用中のバッテリ温度の上下２つの所定温度におけるＩ−Ｖ特性データを用いて直線近似補間などすることにより、第二あるいは第三のＩ−Ｖ特性を求めてもよい。
【００３０】
所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧算出手段６およびＳＯＣ（充電状態）算出手段７の動作は、実施の形態１の場合と基本的には同じである。
所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧算出手段６は、第１のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段に記憶されている第一のＩ−Ｖ特性を用いてバッテリ電流が所定負荷電流値のときのバッテリ電圧である第一のバッテリ電圧を算出し、第２のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段が選択する第二のＩ−Ｖ特性を用いてバッテリ電流が所定負荷電流値のときのバッテリ電圧である第二のバッテリ電圧を算出し、第２のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段が選択する第三のＩ−Ｖ特性を用いてバッテリ電流が所定負荷電流値のときのバッテリ電圧である第三のバッテリ電圧を算出する。
そして、ＳＯＣ（充電状態）演算手段７は、所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧算出手段６によって算出される第一、第二および第三のバッテリ電圧を用いて、第一の状態におけるバッテリの充電状態を演算する。
【００３１】
以上説明したように、本実施の形態によるバッテリ充電状態演算装置は、現在使用中のバッテリの温度を検出する温度検出手段８を備えている。
また、第２のＩ−Ｖ特性記憶手段４０は、第二のＩ−Ｖ圧特性の候補としてバッテリ使用温度範囲の高温から低温までの間の複数の所定温度におけるＩ−Ｖ特性を、また、第三のＩ−Ｖ特性の候補として複数の所定温度におけるＩ−Ｖ特性をあらかじめ記憶していると共に、記憶されている複数の第二のＩ−Ｖ特性の候補および複数の第三のＩ−Ｖ特性の候補から温度検出手段８が検出するバッテリ温度に対応する特性を第二のＩ−Ｖ特性および第三のＩ−Ｖ特性としてそれぞれ選択する。
従って、本実施の形態によれば、所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧算出手段６が用いる第二のＩ−Ｖ特性および第三のＩ−Ｖ特性は、現在使用中のバッテリ温度に対応する特性であり、より精度よくバッテリのＳＯＣ（充電状態）を演算することができる。
【００３２】
実施の形態３．
図４は、実施の形態３よるバッテリ充電状態演算装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
図１に示した前述の実施の形態１によるバッテリ充電状態演算装置では、装置内に所定電流記憶手段５を設け、これに記憶された所定電流値を用いて所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧を算出していたが、本実施の形態によるバッテリ充電状態演算装置は、所定電流記憶手段５に代えて、装置外部に設けた外部装置１０より所定電流値を設定するようにしたものである。
実施の形態１によるバッテリ充電状態演算装置のように、所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧を算出するための所定電流値を装置内部の所定電流記憶手段５に記憶させると、所定電流値が固定されるため、用途が制限される。
例えば、工場出荷時に記憶された所定電流値にあったアプリケーションのみに対応できるものとなる。
【００３３】
これに対して、本実施の形態によるバッテリ充電状態演算装置のように、外部装置から所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧算出手段６に所定電流値を入力できるようにすることにより、用途に汎用性を持たせることが可能となり、また、リアルタイムで所定電流値を切り換えることができるので、アプリケーション電流の変化にも容易に追従することができる。
なお、図４では、図１に示した実施の形態１によるバッテリ充電状態演算装置において、所定電流記憶手段５に代えて、装置外部に設けた外部装置１０より所定電流値を設定するようにした例を示しているが、図３に示した実施の形態２によるバッテリ充電状態演算装置において、所定電流記憶手段５に代えて、装置外部に設けた外部装置１０より所定電流値を設定するようにしてもよいことは言うまでもない。
【００３４】
【発明の効果】
この発明によるバッテリ充電状態演算装置は、バッテリの電圧を検出するバッテリ電圧検出手段と、バッテリの電流を検出するバッテリ電流検出手段と、複数のサンプリングポイントにおいてバッテリ電圧検出手段およびバッテリ電流検出手段が検出する電圧値と電流値を用い、現在使用中の状態である第一の状態におけるバッテリの電流−電圧特性を近似的に求め、これを第一の電流−電圧特性として記憶する第１の電流−電圧特性記憶手段と、第一の状態よりも取り出せるエネルギー量が多い第二の状態における第二の電流−電圧特性、および第一の状態よりも取り出せるエネルギー量が少ない第三の状態における第三の電流−電圧特性とをあらかじめ記憶している第２の電流−電圧特性記憶手段と、バッテリの所定負荷電流値を記憶している所定電流値記憶手段と、第１の電流−電圧特性記憶手段が記憶している第一の電流−電圧特性を用いてバッテリ電流が上記所定負荷電流値のときの第一のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃを算出し、第二の電流−電圧特性を用いてバッテリ電流が所定負荷電流値のときの第二のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ maxを算出し、上記第三の電流−電圧特性を用いてバッテリ電流が上記所定負荷電流値のときの第三のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ minを算出する所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧算出手段と、所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧算出手段によって算出される上記第一、第二および第三のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ、Ｖｃ max 、Ｖｃ minを用いて、第一の状態におけるバッテリの充電状態ＳＯＣを、
ＳＯＣ＝［（Ｖｃ−Ｖｃ min ）／（Ｖｃ max −Ｖｃ min ）］×１００（％）
の式に基づいて演算する充電状態演算手段とを備えたので、バッテリ液量の変化、劣化、バッテリ温度などに影響されることなく、所定アプリケーションの電流条件において、現在使用中のバッテリの充電状態（ＳＯＣ）を、容易、かつ、短時間に判断することができ、常時、充電状態の監視が必要なハイブリッドカー用のバッテリなどに好適な充電状態演算装置を提供できる。
【００３５】
また、この発明に係るバッテリ充電状態演算装置の第二の状態は満充電状態であり、第三の状態は深放電状態であるので、バッテリの仕様書などから理論的に第二の電流−電圧特性および第三の電流−電圧特性を容易に設定することができる。
【００３６】
また、この発明によるバッテリ充電状態演算装置の充電状態演算手段は、第一のバッテリ電圧と第三のバッテリ電圧の差分に対する第二のバッテリと第三のバッテリ電圧の差分の比を演算するので、簡単な演算処理により、短時間、かつ、容易に、現在使用中のバッテリのＳＯＣ（充電状態）を求めることができる。
【００３７】
また、この発明によるバッテリ充電状態演算方法は、複数のサンプリングポイントにおいて、現在使用中の状態である第一の状態におけるバッテリの電圧値および電流値を検出するステップと、検出された上記複数のサンプリングポイントにおけるバッテリの電圧値および電流値を用いて、第一の状態におけるバッテリの電流−電圧特性を近似的に求め、これを第一の電流−電圧特性として記憶するステップと、第一の状態よりも取り出せるエネルギー量が多い第二の状態における第二の電流−電圧特性、および第一の状態よりも取り出せるエネルギー量が少ない第三の状態における第三の電流−電圧特性とをあらかじめ記憶しておくステップと、バッテリの所定負荷電流値を記憶しておくステップと、第一の電流−電圧特性を用いてバッテリ電流が所定負荷電流値のときの第一のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃを算出し、第二の電流−電圧特性を用いてバッテリ電流が所定負荷電流値のときの第二のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ maxを算出し、第三の電流−電圧特性を用いてバッテリ電流が所定負荷電流値のときの第三のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ minを算出するステップと、算出された第一、第二および第三のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ、Ｖｃ max 、Ｖｃ minを用いて、第一の状態におけるバッテリの充電状態ＳＯＣを、
ＳＯＣ＝［（Ｖｃ−Ｖｃ min ）／（Ｖｃ max −Ｖｃ min ）］×１００（％）
の式に基づいて演算するステップとを備えるので、バッテリ液量の変化、劣化、バッテリ温度などに影響されることなく、所定アプリケーションの電流条件において、現在使用中のバッテリの充電状態（ＳＯＣ）を、容易、かつ、短時間に判断することができ、常時、充電状態の監視が必要なハイブリッドカー用のバッテリなどに好適なバッテリ充電状態演算方法を提供できる。
【００３８】
また、この発明によるバッテリ充電状態演算方法のバッテリの充電状態を演算するステップは、第二のバッテリ電圧と第三のバッテリ電圧の差分に対する第二のバッテリと第三のバッテリ電圧の差分の比を演算するので、簡単な演算処理により、短時間、かつ、容易に、現在使用中のバッテリのＳＯＣ（充電状態）を求めることができるバッテリ充電状態演算方法を提供できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 実施の形態１によるバッテリ充電状態検出装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図２】 実施の形態１によるバッテリ充電状態検出装置の動作を説明するための図である。
【図３】 実施の形態２によるバッテリ充電状態検出装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図４】 実施の形態３によるバッテリ充電状態検出装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 電圧検出手段
２ 電流検出手段
３ 第１のＩ−Ｖ特性（電流−電圧特性）記憶手段
４ 第２のＩ−Ｖ特性（電流−電圧特性）記憶手段
５ 所定電流値記憶手段
６ 所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧算出手段
７ ＳＯＣ（充電状態）演算手段
８ 温度検出手段
１０ 外部装置[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a battery charge state calculation device and a battery charge state calculation method for detecting a state of remaining capacity (that is, a charge state) when a battery used in a vehicle or the like is in use.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a conventional method for estimating the remaining capacity of a battery (that is, a method for estimating the state of charge of a battery), the battery terminal open voltage is used as the initial value of the state of charge (SOC) of the battery, and the battery charge / discharge current is integrated. A method of correcting with a value is generally known.
Patent Document 1 discloses that a battery that takes into account the polarization can be obtained by obtaining an accurate IV (current-voltage) approximation line that takes into account the polarization of the battery. A “capacity computing device” is disclosed.
[0003]
The battery capacity calculation device in consideration of the polarization disclosed in this Patent Document 1 “collects the voltage and current of a battery that causes a discharge current to flow through a vehicle load to obtain a voltage-current characteristic, and obtains this voltage-current characteristic. Is used to estimate the current voltage of the battery, and the current state of charge of the battery is determined from this estimated voltage, while the collected current first reaches the high current of the battery's maximum polarization occurrence, and the current is When a predetermined current value below a large current is first reached, the battery voltage at this time is regarded as the estimated voltage when the maximum polarization effect remains in the state where the maximum polarization effect remains, and the estimated voltage when this maximum polarization effect remains Is used to correct the state of charge using the difference between the open circuit voltage of the battery at the start of travel ”.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-174535 A (FIG. 1 and paragraph 0039)
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In recent years, hybrid vehicles aimed at low emissions and low fuel consumption have a function to stop the engine while idling. Therefore, it is necessary to store power that can be restarted after the engine stops in the battery. Yes, it is necessary to accurately grasp the state of charge (that is, the remaining capacity of the battery) during use of the battery.
However, it is difficult to accurately estimate the remaining battery capacity because the battery open-circuit voltage and battery capacity change due to the amount of battery fluid, deterioration (softening, corrosion, sulfation, etc.), battery temperature, and polarization. there were.
[0006]
The present invention has been made to solve such problems, and is currently used under the current conditions of a predetermined application without being affected by the change, deterioration, battery temperature, degree of polarization, etc. of the battery liquid. A battery charge state calculation device and a battery charge state calculation method capable of easily grasping (calculating) a state of remaining capacity of a battery in the battery, in other words, a state of charge (SOC) of a currently used battery The purpose is to provide.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The battery charge state calculation device according to the present invention includes a battery voltage detection means for detecting a battery voltage, a battery current detection means for detecting a battery current, the battery voltage detection means and the battery current detection at a plurality of sampling points. First, the current-voltage characteristic of the battery in the first state, which is currently in use, is approximately obtained using the voltage value and current value detected by the means, and is stored as the first current-voltage characteristic. Current-voltage characteristic storage means, and the second current-voltage characteristic in the second state where the amount of energy that can be extracted is greater than that in the first state, and the amount of energy that can be extracted that is less than that in the first state. Second current-voltage characteristic storage means for storing in advance the third current-voltage characteristic in the state; A predetermined current value storage means for storing a predetermined load current value of the Li, the first current - the first battery voltage when the battery current by using the voltage characteristic above a predetermined load current valueVcAnd the second battery voltage when the battery current is the predetermined load current value using the second current-voltage characteristic.Vc maxAnd the third battery voltage when the battery current is at the predetermined load current value using the third current-voltage characteristic.Vc minThe first, second and third battery voltages calculated by the battery voltage calculating means for calculating the predetermined load and the battery voltage calculating means for the predetermined loadVc, Vc max , Vc minThe state of charge of the battery in the first state usingSOC
SOC = [(Vc−Vc min ) / (Vc max -Vc min )] X 100 (%)
Based on the formulaCharge state calculation means for calculating.
[0008]
The second state of the battery state-of-charge computing device according to the present invention is a fully charged state, and the third state is a deeply discharged state.
[0009]
Further, the charge state calculation means of the battery charge state calculation device according to the present invention is characterized in that a ratio of a difference between the second battery voltage and the third battery voltage with respect to a difference between the first battery voltage and the third battery voltage. Is calculated.
[0010]
The battery charge state calculation method according to the present invention includes a step of detecting a voltage value and a current value of the battery in a first state that is currently in use at a plurality of sampling points, Using the voltage value and current value of the battery at the sampling point, the current-voltage characteristic of the battery in the first state is approximately obtained, and stored as the first current-voltage characteristic; The second current-voltage characteristic in the second state where the amount of energy that can be extracted is larger than that in the state, and the third current-voltage characteristic in the third state where the amount of energy that can be extracted is less than that in the first state; In advance, a step of storing a predetermined load current value of the battery, and the first Flow - the battery current using the voltage characteristic first battery voltage when the predetermined load current valueVcAnd the second battery voltage when the battery current is the predetermined load current value using the second current-voltage characteristic.Vc maxAnd the third battery voltage when the battery current is at the predetermined load current value using the third current-voltage characteristic.Vc minAnd the calculated first, second and third battery voltagesVc, Vc max , Vc minThe state of charge of the battery in the first state usingSOC
SOC = [(Vc−Vc min ) / (Vc max -Vc min )] X 100 (%)
Calculation based on the formulaAnd a step of calculating.
[0011]
The step of calculating the state of charge of the battery in the battery state of charge calculation method according to the present invention comprises the step of calculating the second battery voltage and the third battery voltage with respect to the difference between the second battery voltage and the third battery voltage. The difference ratio is calculated.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In the drawings, the same reference numerals represent the same or equivalent.
Embodiment 1 FIG.
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a battery charge state calculation apparatus according to Embodiment 1. In FIG.
Moreover, FIG. 2 is a figure for demonstrating operation | movement of the battery charge condition calculating apparatus by this Embodiment.
Based on FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the configuration and operation of the battery charge state calculation device according to the present embodiment will be described.
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes voltage detection means for detecting a battery voltage of a battery (not shown) mounted on a hybrid car or an electric vehicle, and
[0013]
Hereinafter, the “current-voltage characteristics” will be referred to as “IV characteristics”.
The first IV characteristic storage means 3 determines the battery current (load current) of a currently used battery (hereinafter simply referred to as a battery or the battery), which is a target of charge state calculation, at a predetermined load (for example, an engine A plurality of sampling points (indicated by ● in FIG. 2) detected by the voltage detection means 1 and the current detection means 2 when the current from the maximum load in an application such as start-up is changed to the current when the battery load is released. The battery voltage V and battery current I at each point) are stored.
Here, the state of the battery currently in use is referred to as a “first state”.
[0014]
Then, the first IV characteristic storage means 3 calculates “V = −βI + α” from the stored values of the battery voltage V and the battery current I at a plurality of sampling points, for example, by first-order approximation using the least square method. The first IV characteristic (that is, the IV characteristic in the first state currently used) of the battery expressed by the following formula is calculated and stored. Here, α and β are positive constants.
In addition, the straight line shown with the code | symbol A in FIG. 2 has shown this 1st IV characteristic.
[0015]
Reference numeral 4 denotes second IV characteristic storage means. The second IV characteristic storage means 4 stores “V = −β in the second state in which the amount of energy that can be extracted from the battery is large. The theoretical second IV characteristic expressed by the equation 'I + α' "and the equation" V = -β "I + α" "in the third state where the amount of energy that can be extracted from the battery is small. The theoretical third IV characteristic to be performed is stored in advance.
Here, α ′, α ″, β ′, β ″ are also positive constants.
The straight lines indicated by reference sign B and reference sign C in FIG. 2 indicate the second IV characteristic and the third IV characteristic, respectively.
[0016]
The “second state” of the battery described above refers to, for example, a case where the battery is new and is fully charged, or is close to this state. This means that the amount of energy that can be extracted is large.
In addition, the “third state” of the battery is, for example, a case of a “deep discharge state” in which the battery is deteriorated, the remaining capacity is reduced, and the battery is discharged to an unusable state, or a state close to this. The amount of energy that can be extracted from the battery is low.
The theoretical third IV characteristic in the “deep discharge state” is that even when the battery is in a deteriorated state and a discharge current exceeding a predetermined load current (for example, a current necessary for starting the engine) is passed. This is the minimum line IV characteristic capable of ensuring a battery voltage higher than the required predetermined voltage.
[0017]
6 is a battery voltage calculation means at a predetermined load, and the battery voltage calculation means 6 at the predetermined load is a first IV characteristic (that is, stored in the first IV characteristic storage means 3). The battery current is set to a predetermined current value (engine start current (engine start current Ic)) using a predetermined current value (for example, engine start current Ic) stored in the predetermined current value storage means 5 and the current IV characteristics of the battery in use. The battery voltage Vc (see FIG. 2) at the time of Ic) is calculated.
The “battery voltage when the battery has a predetermined load (predetermined current value)” obtained from the first IV characteristic is referred to as a first battery voltage.
Therefore, the calculated battery voltage Vc is the first battery voltage.
[0018]
Further, the battery voltage calculation means 6 at a predetermined load has the second IV characteristic stored in the second IV characteristic storage means 3 and the predetermined current value stored in the predetermined current value storage means 5. Is used to calculate the battery voltage Vc max (see FIG. 2) when the battery current is a predetermined current value.
The “battery voltage when the battery has a predetermined load (predetermined current value)” obtained from the second IV characteristic is referred to as a second battery voltage.
Therefore, the calculated battery voltage Vc max is the second battery voltage.
[0019]
Similarly, the battery voltage calculation means 6 at the time of a predetermined load has a predetermined current stored in the third IV characteristic and predetermined current value storage means 5 stored in the second IV characteristic storage means 3. The battery voltage Vc min (see FIG. 2) when the battery current is a predetermined current value is calculated using the value.
The “battery voltage when the battery has a predetermined load (predetermined current value)” obtained from the third IV characteristic is referred to as a third battery voltage.
Therefore, the calculated battery voltage Vc min is the third battery voltage.
In FIG. 2, Vo, Vo max and Vo min are battery voltages when the battery current is zero (when the load is released) in the first, second and third IV characteristics, respectively.
[0020]
When the battery application is “engine start”, when the battery current is the engine start current Ic and the battery voltage deteriorates to Vc min or less, the battery becomes unusable.
7 is an SOC (charging state) calculating means, and the SOC (charging state) calculating
SOC = [(Vc−Vc min) / (Vc max −Vc min)] × 100 (%)
[0021]
That is, the
The numerical value (%) of the calculation result is an index representing the state of charge of the battery.
Therefore, it can be determined that the larger the index representing the calculation result is, the more the remaining capacity of the battery is, and the remaining energy is still sufficient, and the smaller the index is, the smaller the remaining capacity is and the closer to the state of deterioration.
[0022]
Since the second IV characteristic and the third IV characteristic are stored in advance in the second IV characteristic storage means, the second battery voltage and the third battery voltage are short-time. Can be easily calculated.
Moreover, since the SOC (charging state) calculating means only calculates the ratio of the difference between the second battery voltage and the third battery voltage with respect to the difference between the first battery voltage and the third battery voltage, An arithmetic result can be obtained by the arithmetic processing.
[0023]
As described above, the battery state-of-charge computing device according to the present embodiment approximately obtains the IV characteristics (first IV characteristics) of the battery in the first state that is currently in use. The first IV characteristic storage means for storing the battery, the IV characteristic (second IV characteristic) of the battery in the second state where the amount of energy that can be extracted is greater than the first state, and the first A second IV characteristic storage means in which the IV characteristic (third IV characteristic) of the battery in the third state in which the amount of energy that can be extracted is less than the state is stored in advance; The first battery voltage when the battery current is the predetermined load current value is calculated using the IV characteristic, and the first battery voltage when the battery current is the predetermined load current value is calculated using the second IV characteristic. Second battery voltage is calculated and Battery voltage calculation means at a predetermined load for calculating the third battery voltage when the battery current is the predetermined load current value using the IV characteristics of the first, second and third calculated Charging state calculation means for calculating the state of charge of the battery in the first state using the battery voltage, so that the current of a predetermined application is not affected by changes in battery fluid amount, deterioration, battery temperature, etc. A battery for a hybrid car that can easily (in a short time) grasp (determine) the state of charge (SOC) of a battery that is currently in use and requires constant monitoring of the state of charge (remaining capacity) It is possible to provide a state-of-charge computing device suitable for the above.
[0024]
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the battery charge state calculation device according to the second embodiment.
In the figure, 1 is voltage detection means for detecting battery voltage, 2 is current detection means for detecting battery current, 3 is first IV (current-voltage) characteristic storage means, and 40 is second IV. (Current-Voltage) characteristic storage means, 5 is a predetermined current value storage means, 6 is a battery voltage calculation means at a predetermined load, 7 is an SOC (charge state) calculation means, and 8 is a temperature detection means for detecting the battery temperature. .
[0025]
The second IV characteristic storage means 4 of the battery charge state calculation device according to the first embodiment described above stores the second IV characteristic of the battery in the second state where the amount of energy that can be extracted is large, and the amount of energy that can be extracted. The third IV characteristic of the battery in the third state with a small amount is stored in advance, but the second and third IV characteristics are not related to the temperature of the battery currently in use. It was at a predetermined temperature.
Since the impedance of a battery increases as its temperature decreases, the amount of energy that can be extracted decreases.
On the other hand, since the impedance decreases as the temperature increases, the amount of energy that can be extracted increases.
[0026]
For this reason, the second IV characteristic storage means 40 of the battery state-of-charge computing device according to the present embodiment includes a battery as a candidate for the second IV characteristic of the battery in the second state where the amount of energy that can be extracted is large. A plurality of IV characteristics at a plurality of predetermined temperatures between a high temperature and a low temperature in the operating temperature range are stored in advance.
Similarly, in the second IV characteristic storage means 40, as a candidate of the third IV characteristic of the battery in the third state where the amount of energy that can be extracted is small, the battery operating temperature range from high temperature to low temperature is used. A plurality of IV characteristics at a plurality of predetermined temperatures are stored in advance.
[0027]
The first IV characteristic storage means 3 uses the voltage value and current value of the battery detected by the voltage detection means 1 and the current detection means 2 at a plurality of sampling points, as in the case of the first embodiment. The first IV characteristic of the battery in the first state that is currently in use is approximately obtained, and this is stored as the first IV characteristic.
Accordingly, the first current-voltage characteristic stored in the first IV characteristic storage means 3 is the IV characteristic at the battery temperature currently in use.
[0028]
The temperature detection means 8 detects the temperature of the battery currently in use, and inputs the detected temperature data to the second IV characteristic storage means 40.
The second IV characteristic storage means 40 is currently used from a plurality of IV characteristics stored in advance as candidates for the second IV characteristics based on the temperature data detected by the temperature detection means 8. The IV characteristic corresponding to the battery temperature in the battery (that is, the temperature closest to the battery temperature currently in use) is selected, and this is used as the second IV characteristic in the battery voltage calculation means 6 at a predetermined load. Output.
Further, the second IV characteristic storage means 40 is based on the temperature data detected by the temperature detection means 8 from a plurality of IV characteristics stored in advance as candidates for the third IV characteristic. The IV characteristic corresponding to the battery temperature currently in use is selected, and this is output to the battery voltage calculation means 6 at a predetermined load as the third IV characteristic.
[0029]
Instead of selecting the IV characteristic corresponding to the battery temperature currently in use (that is, the temperature closest to the battery temperature currently in use), I at two predetermined temperatures above and below the battery temperature currently in use. The second or third IV characteristic may be obtained by performing linear approximation interpolation using the -V characteristic data.
[0030]
The operations of the battery voltage calculation means 6 and the SOC (charge state) calculation means 7 at the predetermined load are basically the same as those in the first embodiment.
The battery voltage calculation means 6 at the predetermined load is a battery voltage when the battery current is a predetermined load current value using the first IV characteristic stored in the first IV characteristic storage means. One battery voltage is calculated, and a second battery voltage that is a battery voltage when the battery current is a predetermined load current value is calculated using the second IV characteristic selected by the second IV characteristic storage means. The third battery voltage that is the battery voltage when the battery current is a predetermined load current value is calculated using the third IV characteristic selected by the second IV characteristic storage means.
Then, the SOC (charging state) calculating
[0031]
As described above, the battery charge state calculation apparatus according to the present embodiment includes the temperature detection means 8 that detects the temperature of the battery currently in use.
In addition, the second IV characteristic storage means 40 has, as candidates for the second IV pressure characteristic, the IV characteristics at a plurality of predetermined temperatures from the high temperature to the low temperature of the battery operating temperature range, The IV characteristics at a plurality of predetermined temperatures are stored in advance as the third IV characteristic candidates, and the plurality of second IV characteristic candidates and the plurality of third I- The characteristics corresponding to the battery temperature detected by the temperature detection means 8 are selected as the second IV characteristic and the third IV characteristic from the V characteristic candidates.
Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the second IV characteristic and the third IV characteristic used by the battery voltage calculation means 6 at a predetermined load are characteristics corresponding to the currently used battery temperature. The SOC (charge state) of the battery can be calculated with higher accuracy.
[0032]
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the battery charge state calculation device according to the third embodiment.
In the battery state-of-charge computing device according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, predetermined current storage means 5 is provided in the device, and a battery voltage at a predetermined load is calculated using a predetermined current value stored therein. However, the battery state-of-charge computing device according to the present embodiment is configured to set a predetermined current value from an
Since the predetermined current value for calculating the battery voltage at the predetermined load is stored in the predetermined current storage means 5 inside the apparatus as in the battery charge state calculation device according to the first embodiment, the predetermined current value is fixed. , Application is limited.
For example, only an application corresponding to a predetermined current value stored at the time of factory shipment can be handled.
[0033]
On the other hand, by allowing a predetermined current value to be input from an external device to the battery voltage calculation means 6 at a predetermined load as in the battery charge state calculation device according to the present embodiment, versatility can be obtained for the application. In addition, since a predetermined current value can be switched in real time, it is possible to easily follow a change in application current.
In FIG. 4, in the battery charge state calculation device according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a predetermined current value is set from an
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
The battery charge state computing device according to the present invention includes battery voltage detection means for detecting battery voltage, battery current detection means for detecting battery current, and battery voltage detection means and battery current detection means detected at a plurality of sampling points. The battery current-voltage characteristic in the first state, which is currently in use, is approximately obtained using the voltage value and the current value, and the first current- is stored as the first current-voltage characteristic. A voltage characteristic storage means; a second current-voltage characteristic in the second state in which the amount of energy that can be extracted is greater than that in the first state; and a third in the third state in which the amount of energy that can be extracted is less than that in the first state. A second current-voltage characteristic storage means for storing current-voltage characteristics in advance, and a predetermined load current value of the battery; A predetermined current value storage means are, first current - voltage characteristic first current storage means is storing - a first battery voltage when the battery current using the voltage characteristic above a predetermined load current valueVcThe second battery voltage when the battery current is a predetermined load current value using the second current-voltage characteristicVc maxAnd the third battery voltage when the battery current is at the predetermined load current value using the third current-voltage characteristic.Vc minThe first, second and third battery voltages calculated by the battery voltage calculating means for calculating the predetermined load and the battery voltage calculating means for the predetermined loadVc, Vc max , Vc minThe state of charge of the battery in the first state usingSOC
SOC = [(Vc−Vc min ) / (Vc max -Vc min )] X 100 (%)
Based on the formulaCharging state calculation means for calculating, so that the battery state of charge (SOC) currently in use under the current conditions of a predetermined application without being affected by the change, deterioration, battery temperature, etc. It is possible to provide a state-of-charge calculation device suitable for a battery for a hybrid car that can be easily determined in a short time and always needs to be monitored for a state of charge.
[0035]
In addition, since the second state of the battery state-of-charge computing device according to the present invention is a fully charged state and the third state is a deeply discharged state, the second current-voltage is theoretically determined from the battery specifications. The characteristic and the third current-voltage characteristic can be easily set.
[0036]
Further, since the charge state calculation means of the battery charge state calculation device according to the present invention calculates the ratio of the difference between the second battery and the third battery voltage with respect to the difference between the first battery voltage and the third battery voltage, With a simple calculation process, the SOC (charged state) of the battery currently in use can be easily determined in a short time.
[0037]
The battery charge state calculation method according to the present invention includes a step of detecting a voltage value and a current value of a battery in a first state that is currently in use at a plurality of sampling points, and the plurality of detected samplings Using the voltage value and current value of the battery at the point, the current-voltage characteristic of the battery in the first state is approximately obtained, and stored as the first current-voltage characteristic; In addition, the second current-voltage characteristic in the second state in which the amount of energy that can be extracted is large and the third current-voltage characteristic in the third state in which the amount of energy that can be extracted is smaller than the first state are stored in advance. A step of storing a predetermined load current value of the battery, and a battery using the first current-voltage characteristic. The first battery voltage when current of a predetermined load current valueVcThe second battery voltage when the battery current is a predetermined load current value using the second current-voltage characteristicVc maxAnd the third battery voltage when the battery current is a predetermined load current value using the third current-voltage characteristic.Vc minAnd the calculated first, second and third battery voltagesVc, Vc max , Vc minThe state of charge of the battery in the first state usingSOC
SOC = [(Vc−Vc min ) / (Vc max -Vc min )] X 100 (%)
Based on the formulaAnd a step of calculating, so that the state of charge (SOC) of the battery currently in use can be easily and under the current conditions of a predetermined application without being affected by the change, deterioration, battery temperature, etc. It is possible to provide a battery charge state calculation method that can be determined in a short time and that is suitable for a battery for a hybrid car that requires constant monitoring of the charge state.
[0038]
Further, the step of calculating the state of charge of the battery in the battery state of charge calculation method according to the present invention comprises the ratio of the difference between the second battery voltage and the third battery voltage to the difference between the second battery voltage and the third battery voltage. Since the calculation is performed, it is possible to provide a battery charge state calculation method capable of obtaining the SOC (charge state) of the battery currently in use in a short time and easily by a simple calculation process.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a battery charge state detection device according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the battery charge state detection device according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a battery charge state detection device according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a battery charge state detection device according to a third embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Voltage detection means
2 Current detection means
3 First IV characteristic (current-voltage characteristic) storage means
4 Second IV characteristic (current-voltage characteristic) storage means
5 Predetermined current value storage means
6 Battery voltage calculation means at a predetermined load
7 SOC (charge state) calculation means
8 Temperature detection means
10 External devices
Claims (8)
バッテリの電流を検出するバッテリ電流検出手段と、
複数のサンプリングポイントにおいて上記バッテリ電圧検出手段および上記バッテリ電流検出手段が検出する電圧値と電流値を用い、現在使用中の状態である第一の状態におけるバッテリの電流−電圧特性を近似的に求め、これを第一の電流−電圧特性として記憶する第１の電流−電圧特性記憶手段と、
上記第一の状態よりも取り出せるエネルギー量が多い第二の状態における第二の電流−電圧特性、および上記第一の状態よりも取り出せるエネルギー量が少ない第三の状態における第三の電流−電圧特性とをあらかじめ記憶している第２の電流−電圧特性記憶手段と、
上記バッテリの所定負荷電流値を記憶している所定電流値記憶手段と、
第１の電流−電圧特性記憶手段が記憶している上記第一の電流−電圧特性を用いてバッテリ電流が上記所定負荷電流値のときの第一のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃを算出し、上記第二の電流−電圧特性を用いてバッテリ電流が上記所定負荷電流値のときの第二のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ maxを算出し、上記第三の電流−電圧特性を用いてバッテリ電流が上記所定負荷電流値のときの第三のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ minを算出する所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧算出手段と、
上記所定負荷時のバッテリ電圧算出手段によって算出される上記第一、第二および第三のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ、Ｖｃ max 、Ｖｃ minを用いて、上記第一の状態におけるバッテリの充電状態ＳＯＣを、
ＳＯＣ＝［（Ｖｃ−Ｖｃ min ）／（Ｖｃ max −Ｖｃ min ）］×１００（％）
の式に基づいて演算する充電状態演算手段とを備えたことを特徴とするバッテリ充電状態演算装置。Battery voltage detection means for detecting the voltage of the battery;
Battery current detection means for detecting the current of the battery;
Using the voltage value and current value detected by the battery voltage detection means and the battery current detection means at a plurality of sampling points, the current-voltage characteristics of the battery in the first state that is currently in use are approximately obtained. First current-voltage characteristic storage means for storing this as a first current-voltage characteristic;
The second current-voltage characteristic in the second state in which the amount of energy that can be extracted is larger than that in the first state, and the third current-voltage characteristic in the third state in which the amount of energy that can be extracted is less than that in the first state. Second current-voltage characteristic storage means for storing in advance,
Predetermined current value storage means for storing a predetermined load current value of the battery;
The first battery voltage Vc when the battery current is the predetermined load current value is calculated using the first current-voltage characteristic stored in the first current-voltage characteristic storage means, and the second The second battery voltage Vc max when the battery current is the predetermined load current value is calculated using the current-voltage characteristic, and the battery current is the predetermined load current value using the third current-voltage characteristic. Battery voltage calculation means at a predetermined load for calculating the third battery voltage Vc min of
Using the first, second and third battery voltages Vc, Vc max and Vc min calculated by the battery voltage calculation means at the predetermined load, the state of charge SOC of the battery in the first state is
SOC = [(Vc-Vc min ) / (Vc max -Vc min)] × 100 (%)
A battery state-of-charge computing device comprising: a state of charge computing means for computing based on the formula:
検出された上記複数のサンプリングポイントにおけるバッテリの電圧値および電流値を用いて、上記第一の状態におけるバッテリの電流−電圧特性を近似的に求め、これを第一の電流−電圧特性として記憶するステップと、
上記第一の状態よりも取り出せるエネルギー量が多い第二の状態における上記第二の電流−電圧特性、および上記第一の状態よりも取り出せるエネルギー量が少ない第三の状態における上記第三の電流−電圧特性とをあらかじめ記憶しておくステップと、
上記バッテリの所定負荷電流値を記憶しておくステップと、
上記第一の電流−電圧特性を用いてバッテリ電流が上記所定負荷電流値のときの第一のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃを算出し、上記第二の電流−電圧特性を用いてバッテリ電流が上記所定負荷電流値のときの第二のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ maxを算出し、上記第三の電流−電圧特性を用いてバッテリ電流が上記所定負荷電流値のときの第三のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ minを算出するステップと、
算出された上記第一、第二および第三のバッテリ電圧Ｖｃ、Ｖｃ max 、Ｖｃ minを用いて、上記第一の状態におけるバッテリの充電状態ＳＯＣを、
ＳＯＣ＝［（Ｖｃ−Ｖｃ min ）／（Ｖｃ max −Ｖｃ min ）］×１００（％）
の式に基づいて演算するステップとを備えたことを特徴とするバッテリ充電状態演算方法。Detecting a voltage value and a current value of the battery in a first state that is currently in use at a plurality of sampling points; and
Using the detected voltage value and current value of the battery at the plurality of sampling points, the current-voltage characteristic of the battery in the first state is approximately obtained and stored as the first current-voltage characteristic. Steps,
The second current-voltage characteristic in the second state in which the amount of energy that can be extracted is greater than that in the first state, and the third current in the third state in which the amount of energy that can be extracted is less than that in the first state. A step of storing voltage characteristics in advance;
Storing a predetermined load current value of the battery;
The first battery voltage Vc when the battery current is the predetermined load current value is calculated using the first current-voltage characteristic, and the battery current is calculated using the second current-voltage characteristic. a step of battery current by using the voltage characteristic is calculated a third battery voltage Vc min when the predetermined load current value, - calculating a second battery voltage Vc max when the value, the third current
Using the calculated first, second and third battery voltages Vc, Vc max and Vc min , the battery state of charge SOC in the first state is
SOC = [(Vc-Vc min ) / (Vc max -Vc min)] × 100 (%)
A battery charge state calculation method comprising: a step of calculating based on the formula :
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002359718A JP3689084B2 (en) | 2002-12-11 | 2002-12-11 | Battery charge state calculation device and battery charge state calculation method |
| CNB2003801049528A CN100451669C (en) | 2002-12-11 | 2003-12-11 | Battery charge state arithmetic operation device and battery charge state arithmetic operation method |
| EP03780721A EP1571457A4 (en) | 2002-12-11 | 2003-12-11 | BATTERY CHARGING STATUS CALCULATION DEVICE AND BATTERY CHARGING STATE CALCULATION METHOD |
| AU2003289321A AU2003289321A1 (en) | 2002-12-11 | 2003-12-11 | Battery charged condition computing device and battery charged condition computing method |
| PCT/JP2003/015842 WO2004053510A1 (en) | 2002-12-11 | 2003-12-11 | Battery charged condition computing device and battery charged condition computing method |
| US10/538,268 US7323848B2 (en) | 2002-12-11 | 2003-12-11 | Battery charging state arithmetic operation device for calculating charging state of battery, and battery charging state arithmetic operation method |
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| JP2002359718A JP3689084B2 (en) | 2002-12-11 | 2002-12-11 | Battery charge state calculation device and battery charge state calculation method |
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| JP3689084B2 true JP3689084B2 (en) | 2005-08-31 |
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| CN (1) | CN100451669C (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4211715B2 (en) | 2004-08-23 | 2009-01-21 | 株式会社デンソー | In-vehicle power supply system |
| JP4337848B2 (en) * | 2006-07-10 | 2009-09-30 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Power supply system, vehicle including the same, and temperature management method |
| JP4706648B2 (en) | 2007-03-06 | 2011-06-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Electric vehicle, charging state estimation method, and computer-readable recording medium recording a program for causing a computer to execute the charging state estimation method |
| JP2008230433A (en) * | 2007-03-21 | 2008-10-02 | Auto Network Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | Startability prediction device and power supply control device |
| JP2009042183A (en) * | 2007-08-10 | 2009-02-26 | Canon Inc | Electronic device and battery check method |
| JP4978662B2 (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2012-07-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | CHARGE STATE ESTIMATION DEVICE AND CHARGE STATE ESTIMATION METHOD |
| DE102010006965A1 (en) | 2010-02-05 | 2011-08-11 | Continental Automotive GmbH, 30165 | Apparatus and method for determining a range of a battery characteristic |
| JP5499872B2 (en) * | 2010-04-21 | 2014-05-21 | ソニー株式会社 | Battery control device, battery control method and program |
| KR101338639B1 (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2013-12-06 | 미쓰비시덴키 가부시키가이샤 | Charge status estimation apparatus |
| FR2990516B1 (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2015-10-16 | Renault Sas | ESTIMATING THE CHARGE OF A BATTERY |
| KR101377995B1 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2014-03-25 | (주)파워솔루션 | Battery diagnostic apparatus and diagnostic method thereof |
| US9379416B2 (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2016-06-28 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method for performing cell balancing of a battery system based on cell capacity values |
| JP5929778B2 (en) * | 2013-02-15 | 2016-06-08 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | CHARGE RATE ESTIMATION DEVICE AND CHARGE RATE ESTIMATION METHOD |
| JP6089841B2 (en) | 2013-03-21 | 2017-03-08 | 株式会社デンソー | In-vehicle emergency call device |
| JP6381987B2 (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2018-08-29 | 株式会社マキタ | Charge control device, battery pack and charger |
| CN114362294B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2025-09-09 | 北京小米移动软件有限公司 | Method and device for determining charging control parameters, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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| JPH04115084U (en) * | 1991-03-26 | 1992-10-12 | 九州電機製造株式会社 | Electric vehicle battery remaining capacity meter |
| JP3006293B2 (en) * | 1992-07-16 | 2000-02-07 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Battery remaining capacity meter |
| JP3006298B2 (en) * | 1992-08-11 | 2000-02-07 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Battery remaining capacity meter |
| JP3193486B2 (en) * | 1992-11-27 | 2001-07-30 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Method and apparatus for displaying remaining battery level in electric vehicle |
| JP3379283B2 (en) * | 1994-07-04 | 2003-02-24 | 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 | Battery state of charge detection method |
| SE515398C2 (en) * | 1996-04-29 | 2001-07-30 | Emerson Energy Systems Ab | Battery Capacity Gauge |
| KR100281538B1 (en) * | 1997-12-26 | 2001-02-15 | 윤종용 | Computer with battery life indication |
| JP3641367B2 (en) * | 1998-08-14 | 2005-04-20 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Alkaline battery capacity remaining amount estimation method and capacity estimation device |
| CN1144060C (en) * | 1999-03-05 | 2004-03-31 | 索尼公司 | Battery pack, charge and discharge count and method for setting remaining capacity of battery pack |
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| CN1720462A (en) | 2006-01-11 |
| CN100451669C (en) | 2009-01-14 |
| JP2004191193A (en) | 2004-07-08 |
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