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JP3695702B2 - A method for trapping and accelerating background plasma electrons in a plasma wakefield using a rapidly decreasing density transition - Google Patents
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JP3695702B2 - A method for trapping and accelerating background plasma electrons in a plasma wakefield using a rapidly decreasing density transition - Google Patents

A method for trapping and accelerating background plasma electrons in a plasma wakefield using a rapidly decreasing density transition Download PDF

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JP3695702B2
JP3695702B2 JP2001236676A JP2001236676A JP3695702B2 JP 3695702 B2 JP3695702 B2 JP 3695702B2 JP 2001236676 A JP2001236676 A JP 2001236676A JP 2001236676 A JP2001236676 A JP 2001236676A JP 3695702 B2 JP3695702 B2 JP 3695702B2
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plasma
density
electrons
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trapping
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JP2003059694A (en
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煕 勇 石
弘 植 李
根 煕 林
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Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute KERI
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H5/00Direct voltage accelerators; Accelerators using single pulses
    • H05H5/04Direct voltage accelerators; Accelerators using single pulses energised by electrostatic generators
    • H05H5/047Pulsed generators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/02Details
    • H01J37/04Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement or ion-optical arrangement
    • H01J37/06Electron sources; Electron guns
    • H01J37/077Electron guns using discharge in gases or vapours as electron sources
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/54Plasma accelerators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2237/00Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
    • H01J2237/06Sources
    • H01J2237/08Ion sources
    • H01J2237/0815Methods of ionisation
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、相対論的電子ビームを生成する為の、低下する密度転移を使用したプラズマ航跡場における背景プラズマ電子の捕捉(trapping)及び加速方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
超強力加速勾配を達成するために、プラズマの使用は、1979年にT.TajimaとJ.M.Dawsonとによって提案されてきた。その時依頼、プラズマを使用する様々な方法が研究されてきたが、それらの方法は二つのグループに分類することができる。一方は外部注入(injection)方法であり、高エネルギー電子ビームがプラズマ航跡場の中に外部から注入される。他方の方法は、内部注入機構を使用する方法であり、外部で加速されたビームを注入に使用しない。この種の内部注入方法の例は、不均一なプラズマ中を伝播する一個のレーザーパルスを使用するBulanovの自己注入機構である。Bulanovの方法においては、背景プラズマ電子の捕捉は、緩やかな密度勾配によって誘導される砕波から起こり、密度スケール長L=n/|dn/dz|は、プラズマ表皮深さk −1=ν/ωより非常に大きい。ここでnはプラズマ密度、ωはプラズマ周波数、及びν
【0003】
【外1】

Figure 0003695702
cは駆動パルスの群速度である。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ここで本発明者は、自己捕捉に基づく新しい内部注入方法を提案する。この方法は、急激に低下する密度転移を使用し、その可能性は二次元シミュレーションによって証明された。
【0005】
本発明の目的は、プラズマ航跡場における背景プラズマ電子の新規な自己捕捉方法を提供することである。ここでプラズマ航跡場は、電子ビームパルスか強力なレーザーパルスかのどちらか一方で発生させ得る。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本方法によれば、密度転移スケール長がプラズマ波長よりも非常に小さい場合、短い電子ビームパルス又は強力なレーザーパルスは、急激に低下する密度転移を伴う低密度プラズマを通って伝播する。結果として、航跡波が密度転移を通過する時、プラズマ波長は突然大きくなる。よっていくつかの背景プラズマ電子は、航跡場の加速相(acceleration phase)の中に自己注入され、それらの電子は航跡場によって捕捉され高エネルギーに加速される。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
添付する図面は本発明の基本的原理及び二次元シミュレーションの結果を説明する。
【0008】
短い(kσ〜1)電子ビーム又は強力なレーザーのパルスは、低密度プラズマを通って伝播するとき、ビームの経路中のプラズマ電子は、空間電荷力又はポンデロモーティブ力によって射出される。結果として、超強力プラズマ航跡場が、駆動ビームの後方に発生する。本発明において、発明者たちは、このような航跡場における新しい自己捕捉に基づく注入方法を提案する。
【0009】
自己捕捉に基づく注入を達成する為に、発明者たちは、プラズマ中に急激で局所的な密度勾配を導入することを提案する。この機構において、一個の短いレーザーパルス又は電子ビームパルスが、k<1であり、急激に低下する密度転移を伴う低密度プラズマを通して放たれ、高密な上流領域(I)とより低密な下流領域(II)との間の境界を印す。ビームが、低下するプラズマ密度転移を通過する時、プラズマ波の波長が突然大きくなるので、いくつかの背景プラズマ電子は、航跡場(図1参照)の加速相に注入され、それらの電子は捕捉される。この注入機構は、レーザー航跡場加速についてのBulanovの緩やかな密度勾配機構とは根本的に異なる。Bulanovの場合には、プラズマ電子は第一周期における砕波から起こるが、そのプラズマ電子は、第二のプラズマ振動周期において捕捉される。反対に本機構では、プラズマ電子の捕捉は、急激な密度転移付近の局所的な非薄層状(nonlaminar)運動により、従来の砕波より十分小さい航跡振幅(wake amplitude)で、第一の希薄な空洞(rarefied cavity)において起こる。
【0010】
発明者たちは、捕捉過程に関する物理的機構を解明する為に(コードMAGICを伴う)2−D PICシミュレーションを使用して、密度転移に誘導される粒子の捕捉を調査してきた。駆動ビームパルスが真空から鮮明な境界の(sharp-boundary)プラズマに入る場合は、いくつかの迷走プラズマ電子(stray plasma electron)が、一般的に大きなエネルギー幅を有しており、真空とプラズマとの境界で捕捉される。迷走電子の数は主に捕捉される電子の数よりも非常に小さいが、この迷走電子は面倒である。このような問題を避ける為に、プラズマ密度は、図2に示すように、線形に増加するプロフィールを有し、その密度転移長はプラズマ波長よりも大きい。結果として、ビーム−プラズマ相互作用において断熱過程が起こり、迷走粒子の不必要な捕捉を避けることができる。図3に示すMAGICの結果は、領域Iについて周囲のプラズマ密度がn =5×1013cm−3、領域IIについてはn II=3.5×1013cm−3、プラズマ電子温度はkT=3eV、及び静止イオンで得られた。シミュレーションで使用される相対論的(16MeV)駆動ビームの密度分布は、ピーク密度nb0=1014cm−3、及び幅σ=1mm、σ=0.45mmである重ガウス関数(bi-Gaussian)n(r,ξ)=nb0exp(−r/2σ )exp(−ξ/2σξ )、(ξ=z−vt)として選択した。駆動ビームは、低下する密度転移を伴う低密度プラズマ(nb0=2n =2.9n II)を通って伝播する。図3(a)は、駆動ビームがビームの後方に航跡波を発生させ、電子の無いイオンの空洞が波の第1の周期で形成されることを示す。図3(a)はまた、航跡波の第一の密度スパイク(density spike)が1.5cmにおける急激に低下する密度転移を通過する時、いくつかのプラズマ電子が航跡場の加速相の中に注入されることも示す。捕捉された粒子は、プラズマのレンズ効果によりプラズマ電子の無いイオン空洞に横方向に収束し、それらの粒子は、波長λβ=(2πγβ/n1/2のベータトロン振動を行う。ここで、rは古典的電子半径であり、γ及びβはそれぞれ相対論的エネルギー因子及び捕捉された粒子の規格化された速度である。シミュレーションにおいて、プラズマは5cmまで分布するので、航跡波は境界で伝播を停止し消失する。しかし捕捉された電子は、既に相対論的エネルギーを有し、伝播し続ける。結果として、それらの電子はプラズマの外へ出て、ついにそれらの電子は背景プラズマから完全に分離する(図3(b)参照)。捕捉されたプラズマ電子ビームはここではプラズマの外にあり、プラズマイオンによる線形収束力はもはや働かなくなるため、今後はビームが拡がり始める。図3(b)において、プラズマ電子ビームは、プラズマ波長の5%未満の位相空間を占め、かなり良好なエネルギーの広がり(spread)へと導く(図3(c)参照)。捕捉された粒子のエネルギーは、既に駆動ビームのエネルギー(16MeV)より大きいことに注意すること。捕捉されたビームは非常に短いので(ビーム長
【0011】
【外2】
Figure 0003695702
1/k)、捕捉されたビームは、加速の間に電子ホース不安定性(electron hose instability)及び他の不安定性を成長させない。しかしながら捕捉されたビームがプラズマ中で十分に長く伝播する場合は、そのビームは、駆動ビームエネルギーの消耗によって引き起こされる、駆動ビームから離脱した(slipped)電子による影響を受け始める。図3(d)は、駆動電子ビームの位相空間のプロット(p,z)を示し、ビームがエネルギーをかなり失い、減少したエネルギーの粒子の離脱によって非対称的になることを示す。この図はまた、駆動ビームがエネルギーを失うに従い、二流体不安定性が成長することも示す。駆動ビームがさらに進行する場合、ビーム中のいくつかの電子は、ほとんど停止して航跡場中に離脱する。よってそれらの電子は、航跡場の加速相に流れ、捕捉されたプラズマ電子と混合する。捕捉されたプラズマ電子と離脱したプラズマ電子との相互作用の結果として、捕捉されたプラズマ電子ビームの質はかなり劣化する。従って、捕捉されたプラズマ電子ビームは、混合が起こる前に背景プラズマから射出されなければならない。
【0012】
捕捉されたプラズマ電子ビームにおけるビームの質を調査するために、シミュレーションをE=50MeV、n =5×1013cm−3、及びn II=3.5×1013cm−3で行った。図4に示すように、捕捉された粒子は、初期においてはdE/dz
【0013】
【外3】
Figure 0003695702
430MeV/mの勾配でほとんど線形に加速されるが、そのエネルギーは徐々に飽和し、その後減少し始める。捕捉されたビームのエネルギーにおける飽和は、駆動ビームエネルギーの消耗によって引き起こされ、この飽和は、駆動ビームがd=E/eEの距離を伝播した後で起こる。ここでeは電荷、Eはビームのエネルギー、及びEはプラズマ波の縦方向の電場である。図4はまた、加速の間における捕捉されたプラズマ電子ビームのエネルギーの広がりも示す。捕捉された粒子は、ビームの先端及び後端部分におけるいくつかの迷走粒子からのかなりの寄与を伴う、縦の方向に沿った一定のエネルギー分布を有する。よって先端及び後端部分における粒子は、比較的小さいエネルギーの広がり及び放射力を有するように切り捨てるべきである。図4は、3つの異なる場合(捕捉された粒子の20%、50%、及び90%)についての加速の間におけるエネルギーの広がりを示す。獲得された粒子の20%(Q=170pC)の場合には、エネルギーの広がりの平方自乗平均ΔE/Ermsは1.7%であり、規格化された放射力の平方自乗平均εn,rmsは約1mm−mradであると見積られる。このように迷走粒子の切り捨ての後は、ビームの質はかなり良好になる。
【0014】
この機構の体系的なシミュレーション研究において、発明者たちは密度転移の特性である、密度変化の符号、転移を横切る密度差の大きさ、及び密度転移のスケール長を変化させた。全てのシミュレーションにおいて、駆動ビーム及びプラズマの特性は、同様に保たれ、噴出(blowout)は完全でありプラズマ電子の運動は非線形で適度に相対論的である。これらの研究において、発明者たちは、(ビームの進行方向において)低下する密度転移の場合のみ捕捉を観察した。加えて、密度減少の大きさがより大きくなるに従って、捕捉された粒子の数が増加することを発見した。最後に、密度が初期値から最終値まで線形に減少する長さが、プラズマ表皮深さk −1=c/ωより大きくなった場合には、捕捉は完全に消失した。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の概略図である。
【図2】MAGICコードシミュレーションについてのプラズマ密度プロフィールを示すグラフである。
【図3】シミュレーションの結果を示すグラフである。(a)及び(b)のプロットは、プラズマについての位相空間(r,z)である。実線は密度転移を表わす。(c)のプロットは、プラズマについての位相空間(p,z)である。(d)のプロットは、駆動ビームについての位相空間(p,z)である。
【図4】三つの異なる場合(捕捉された粒子の90%、50%、及び20%)についての捕捉されたプラズマ電子のエネルギーを示すグラフである。このシミュレーションにおいて、駆動ビームは50MeVのエネルギーを有する。
【図5】プラズマ捕捉の為の装置例を示す。横方向に伝播するレーザービームを、低下する密度転移を伴いレーザーで生成するプラズマを発生させる為に使用し、軸方向に伝播するレーザーパルスを、プラズマ航跡場を発生させる為に使用する。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for trapping and accelerating background plasma electrons in a plasma wake field using a decreasing density transition to generate a relativistic electron beam.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The use of plasma was achieved in 1979 by T.W. Tajima and J.A. M.M. And proposed by Dawson. At that time, various methods using plasma have been studied, but these methods can be classified into two groups. One is an external injection method, in which a high energy electron beam is injected into the plasma wake field from the outside. The other method uses an internal injection mechanism and does not use an externally accelerated beam for injection. An example of this type of internal injection method is the Bulanov self-injection mechanism that uses a single laser pulse propagating in a non-uniform plasma. In the Buranov method, background plasma electron capture occurs from breaking waves induced by a gentle density gradient, and the density scale length L s = n 0 / | dn 0 / dz | is the plasma skin depth k p −1. It is much larger than ν b / ω p . Where n 0 is the plasma density, ω p is the plasma frequency, and ν b
[0003]
[Outside 1]
Figure 0003695702
c is the group velocity of the drive pulse.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Here we propose a new internal injection method based on self-trapping. This method uses a rapidly decreasing density transition, the possibility of which has been proved by two-dimensional simulation.
[0005]
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel self-trapping method for background plasma electrons in a plasma wake field. Here, the plasma wake field can be generated by either an electron beam pulse or an intense laser pulse.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to this method, if the density transition scale length is much smaller than the plasma wavelength, a short electron beam pulse or intense laser pulse propagates through the low density plasma with a rapidly decreasing density transition. As a result, the plasma wavelength suddenly increases as the wake wave passes the density transition. Thus, some background plasma electrons are self-injected into the acceleration phase of the wake field, and these electrons are captured by the wake field and accelerated to high energy.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The accompanying drawings illustrate the basic principles of the present invention and the results of two-dimensional simulations.
[0008]
When a short (k p σ z ˜1) electron beam or a powerful laser pulse propagates through a low density plasma, the plasma electrons in the beam path are ejected by space charge forces or ponderomotive forces. . As a result, an ultra-strong plasma wake field is generated behind the drive beam. In the present invention, the inventors propose an injection method based on a new self-trapping in such a wake field.
[0009]
In order to achieve an injection based on self-trapping, the inventors propose to introduce a sharp local density gradient in the plasma. In this mechanism, a single short laser or electron beam pulse is emitted through a low density plasma with k p L s <1 and with a rapidly decreasing density transition, resulting in a denser upstream region (I) and a lower density. Mark the boundary with the downstream region (II). As the beam passes through the decreasing plasma density transition, the wavelength of the plasma wave suddenly increases, so some background plasma electrons are injected into the accelerating phase of the wake field (see Fig. 1) and these electrons are trapped. Is done. This injection mechanism is fundamentally different from Bulanov's gentle density gradient mechanism for laser wakefield acceleration. In the case of Bulanov, plasma electrons originate from breaking waves in the first period, but the plasma electrons are trapped in the second plasma oscillation period. On the other hand, in this mechanism, plasma electrons are trapped in the first dilute cavity with a wake amplitude that is sufficiently smaller than the conventional breaking wave due to local nonlaminar motion near the abrupt density transition. (Rarefied cavity).
[0010]
The inventors have used 2-D PIC simulation (with code MAGIC) to elucidate the physical mechanism related to the trapping process and investigated the trapping of particles induced by density transition. When the driving beam pulse enters a sharp-boundary plasma from a vacuum, several stray plasma electrons generally have a large energy width, Captured at the boundary. Although the number of stray electrons is much smaller than the number of mainly trapped electrons, these stray electrons are troublesome. In order to avoid such problems, the plasma density has a linearly increasing profile as shown in FIG. 2, and its density transition length is larger than the plasma wavelength. As a result, an adiabatic process occurs in the beam-plasma interaction and unnecessary trapping of stray particles can be avoided. The results of MAGIC shown in FIG. 3 indicate that the surrounding plasma density is n 0 I = 5 × 10 13 cm −3 for region I, n 0 II = 3.5 × 10 13 cm −3 for region II, and the plasma electron temperature. Was obtained with kT e = 3 eV and stationary ions. The density distribution of the relativistic (16 MeV) drive beam used in the simulation is a double Gaussian function (bi−) with a peak density n b0 = 10 14 cm −3 and a width σ z = 1 mm and σ r = 0.45 mm. Gaussian) n b (r, ξ ) = n b0 exp (-r 2 / 2σ r 2) exp (-ξ 2 / 2σ ξ 2), was chosen as (ξ = z-v b t ). The drive beam propagates through a low density plasma (n b0 = 2n 0 I = 2.9n 0 II ) with a decreasing density transition. FIG. 3 (a) shows that the drive beam generates a wake wave behind the beam, and an ion cavity without electrons is formed in the first period of the wave. FIG. 3 (a) also shows that some plasma electrons are in the acceleration phase of the wake field when the first density spike of the wake wave passes through a rapidly decreasing density transition at 1.5 cm. Also shown to be injected. The trapped particles are converged laterally into an ion cavity without plasma electrons due to the lens effect of the plasma, and these particles perform betatron oscillation of wavelength λ β = (2πγβ / n 0 r e ) 1/2. . Where r e is the classical electron radius and γ and β are the relativistic energy factor and the normalized velocity of the trapped particle, respectively. In the simulation, since the plasma is distributed up to 5 cm, the wake wave stops propagating at the boundary and disappears. However, the trapped electrons already have relativistic energy and continue to propagate. As a result, those electrons go out of the plasma and finally they are completely separated from the background plasma (see FIG. 3 (b)). Since the trapped plasma electron beam is now out of the plasma and the linear focusing force due to plasma ions no longer works, the beam will begin to expand in the future. In FIG. 3 (b), the plasma electron beam occupies a phase space of less than 5% of the plasma wavelength, leading to a fairly good energy spread (see FIG. 3 (c)). Note that the energy of the captured particles is already greater than the energy of the drive beam (16 MeV). Because the captured beam is very short (beam length
[Outside 2]
Figure 0003695702
1 / k p ), the captured beam does not grow electron hose instability and other instabilities during acceleration. However, if the trapped beam propagates long enough in the plasma, the beam begins to be affected by electrons that are slipped from the drive beam, caused by depletion of the drive beam energy. FIG. 3 (d) shows a phase space plot (p z , z) of the driving electron beam, showing that the beam loses significant energy and becomes asymmetric due to the desorption of particles with reduced energy. This figure also shows that as the drive beam loses energy, a two-fluid instability grows. As the drive beam travels further, some electrons in the beam almost stop and leave the wake field. The electrons thus flow into the wake field acceleration phase and mix with the trapped plasma electrons. As a result of the interaction between the trapped plasma electrons and the detached plasma electrons, the quality of the trapped plasma electron beam is considerably degraded. Therefore, the trapped plasma electron beam must be ejected from the background plasma before mixing occurs.
[0012]
To investigate the beam quality in the trapped plasma electron beam, the simulation was performed with E b = 50 MeV, n 0 I = 5 × 10 13 cm −3 , and n 0 II = 3.5 × 10 13 cm −3 . went. As shown in FIG. 4, the trapped particles are initially dE / dz
[0013]
[Outside 3]
Figure 0003695702
It is accelerated almost linearly with a gradient of 430 MeV / m, but its energy gradually saturates and then begins to decrease. Saturation in the energy of the captured beam is caused by depletion of the drive beam energy, which occurs after the drive beam has propagated a distance of d = E b / eE 0 . Here, e is the electric charge, E b is the energy of the beam, and E 0 is the electric field in the longitudinal direction of the plasma wave. FIG. 4 also shows the energy spread of the trapped plasma electron beam during acceleration. The trapped particles have a constant energy distribution along the longitudinal direction with a significant contribution from several stray particles at the front and back end portions of the beam. Thus, the particles at the leading and trailing edges should be truncated so as to have a relatively small energy spread and radiation force. FIG. 4 shows the energy spread during acceleration for three different cases (20%, 50%, and 90% of the trapped particles). In the case of 20% of the acquired particles (Q = 170 pC), the square root mean square of energy spread ΔE / E rms is 1.7% and the normalized root mean square ε n, rms of radiated force Is estimated to be about 1 mm-mrad. Thus, after truncation of stray particles, the beam quality is much better.
[0014]
In a systematic simulation study of this mechanism, the inventors changed the characteristics of density transition, the sign of density change, the magnitude of the density difference across the transition, and the scale length of the density transition. In all simulations, the drive beam and plasma characteristics remain the same, the blowout is perfect, and the plasma electron motion is non-linear and reasonably relativistic. In these studies, the inventors observed capture only in the case of a decreasing density transition (in the direction of beam travel). In addition, it has been discovered that the number of trapped particles increases as the magnitude of density reduction increases. Finally, trapping disappeared completely when the length of linear decrease in density from the initial value to the final value was greater than the plasma skin depth k p −1 = c / ω p .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a plasma density profile for a MAGIC code simulation.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a result of simulation. The plots in (a) and (b) are the phase space (r, z) for the plasma. The solid line represents the density transition. The plot in (c) is the phase space (p z , z) for the plasma. The plot in (d) is the phase space (p z , z) for the drive beam.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the energy of trapped plasma electrons for three different cases (90%, 50%, and 20% of trapped particles). In this simulation, the drive beam has an energy of 50 MeV.
FIG. 5 shows an example of an apparatus for plasma trapping. A laser beam propagating in the transverse direction is used to generate plasma generated by the laser with a decreasing density transition, and a laser pulse propagating in the axial direction is used to generate a plasma wake field.

Claims (4)

密度減少転移点を境界に急激に低下する密度転移を有するプラズマにプラズマ航跡波を生成する段階と、
前記航跡波を前記プラズマ密度が減少する方向に送る段階と、
背景プラズマ電子等を前記急激な密度減少転移点付近で前記航跡波の航跡場に捕獲する段階と、
前記捕獲された背景プラズマ電子等を前記航跡場によって高エネルギーで加速する段階を含み、
前記プラズマの密度転移は、前記密度転移のスケールの長さ(Ls)がプラズマ波長(λp)より遥かに小さくなるように形成されることを特徴とするプラズマ電子を捕捉して加速する方法。
Generating a plasma wake wave in a plasma having a density transition that sharply drops at a density-decreasing transition point ;
Sending the wake wave in a direction in which the plasma density decreases;
Capturing background plasma electrons or the like in the wake field of the wake wave near the abrupt density decrease transition point;
Accelerating the captured background plasma electrons etc. with high energy by the wake field,
The method of trapping and accelerating plasma electrons, wherein the density transition of the plasma is formed such that a scale length (Ls) of the density transition is much smaller than a plasma wavelength (λp).
前記プラズマ航跡波は、短い(kσ〜1)電子ビームパルス又は強力なレーザーパルスによって発生させられる請求項1記載の方法。The method of claim 1, wherein the plasma wake wave is generated by a short (k p σ z ˜1) electron beam pulse or an intense laser pulse. 前記密度転移は、密度転移を伴いレーザーで生成されるプラズマを生成する為に、横方向の強度ステップを伴う垂直に運動する別のレーザーパルスによって発生させられる請求項記載の方法。The density transition, in order to generate a plasma generated by the laser with a density transition, another method of claim 1 wherein is generated by a laser pulse that moves vertically with a lateral strength steps. 前記捕捉は、前記低下する密度転移において前記プラズマの波長の突然の増加によって確立される請求項1記載の方法。  The method of claim 1, wherein the trapping is established by a sudden increase in the plasma wavelength at the decreasing density transition.
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