JP3697290B2

JP3697290B2 - Liquid and gas reactor

Info

Publication number: JP3697290B2
Application number: JP10687495A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 伸夫古野
Original assignee: Fine Clay Co Ltd
Current assignee: Fine Clay Co Ltd
Priority date: 1995-04-06
Filing date: 1995-04-06
Publication date: 2005-09-21
Anticipated expiration: 2020-09-21
Also published as: JPH08276106A

Description

【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、広く化学反応における固体／液体／気体の界面反応を制御するにあたり、液体と気体、特に懸濁液と気体との反応効率を高めた反応装置に関する。本発明の反応装置は、例えば、醸造醗酵反応、培養、養殖、酵素、微生物、動植物細胞の反応効率を高めたバイオリアクターなどに好適である。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
液体と気体、特に懸濁液と気体との反応を扱う分野は、多岐に渡り、それぞれの分野で研究工夫されている。液体と気体との反応効率を高めるには、液体と気体との接触効率を高めることが必要で、次のような方法により工夫が凝らされているが、様々な問題が残る。
【０００３】
（１）通気管：通気管からブクブクと気泡を発生させる装置が最も普遍的で、試験研究から生産現場、環境設備に広く採用されているが、粘度の高い懸濁液には使用しがたい。気泡の上昇に伴って、液体が上昇流となって対流が起こり撹拌できるが、気泡の上昇速度は、液体の粘度に支配されて液体を引き連れて上昇し、気体と液体の界面の位置変化が少ないので、反応効率が低い。
（２）散気管：気体と液体の界面を増大せしめるように気泡を小さく分散する工夫として、吹き出し口に多数の細孔を設けたいわゆる散気管が各種提供されている。しかし、散気管が複雑緻密になると、目詰まりの不具合が生じやすい。粒子が浮遊する気体、気体との反応で固体粒子が析出する場合、懸濁液中の懸濁粒子と気体を反応させたい場合は、特に問題が起こりやすい。計測モニター、鑑賞価値が高いが、反応装置としての実用性は低い。
【０００４】
（３）ジェット噴射：高圧のジェット噴射水に気体を吸入させて、高圧で気体を溶解させ噴射することで、通気管、散気管より効率が向上している。しかし、注入できる気体は、清浄ものに限られ、粒子が浮遊する気体には使えない。
（４）液相の撹拌、液面を叩く：養魚池における酸素補給において、回転板、回転羽根で水面を撹拌もしくは叩いて、気体を水中に溶解反応せしめる装置が簡単で広く使われる。しかし、気体の取り込みは水面近くに限られ、撹拌効果、対流効果で水底への気体供給は、充分でないので、使用用途は限られる。
（５）シャワー：気体空間に液体を噴霧したり、シャワー状態にして注入して反応効率を高めた装置、いわゆる気体洗浄装置、洗気装置が、気体に浮遊する微粒子の除去、気体組成中の一部気体の吸収反応、気体に液体蒸気を飽和、大気の湿度調整に用いられる。しかし、気体に浮遊する微粒子の高度に除去するには、大量の新鮮水を必要とし、この場合、発生した希薄な懸濁廃液の処理が困難で、高度な技術分野に限定されている。
【０００５】
（６）大深度槽：気体の液体への溶解は圧力に比例し、１０ｍ以上に及ぶ深い槽の水圧は１気圧以上になり、通常の２倍の溶解度が期待できる。深い程この効果が高く、用地取得が困難な場合、５０ｍ以上の大深度槽が採用されている。しかしながら、大深度槽の建設コストは大きく、また、非常事態に際しての管理が極めて危険で、安全対策にコストが嵩む。
（７）液体膜：固体に比べて拡散速度が大きい液体を分離膜とする分離技術が提唱されているが、分析研究にとどまって、工業的プロセスとしての成功に至っていない。
【０００６】
（８）バイオリアクター：酵素、微生物、動・植物細胞、及びこれらの固定化物を用いて、目的とする有用物質を生産するための装置である。この反応は、生体触媒で、基本的には固体／水／気体の界面反応の制御に係わる。多くの場合、酸素の供給形態、発生する炭酸ガスの処置に工夫がなされている。独特の工夫の根拠が明白でないため、生産規模の拡大の設計が困難である。フラスコ実験で得られた成果が殆ど企業化されないで徒労が多い。酵素、微生物の固有性能への帰結に短絡して、固体／水／気体の界面反応の制御の認識が薄い。
排水処理、都市の下水処理設備もバイオリアクターであり、生物が関係するプロセスは、脱窒素、脱燐、及びＢＯＤ除去である。嫌気槽と好気槽の組合せで行われ、具体的には、酸素と窒素の供給方式の組合せで制御される。
【０００７】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、気体と液体、特に懸濁液中の固体微粒子と気体との反応の効率を高めることにあり、反応、洗浄、分級精製等のシステム全体を合理化しうる方法装置を提供することにある。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、気体との反応効率の向上に向けて、気／液の界面のみならず、固体が懸濁する固／液の界面、比重が異なった溶け合わない液／液界面を含めて総合的に鋭意研究の結果、液体に懸濁する固体、液体、気体の微粒子の分離を規則的に行い、反応終了後の気体を速やかに反応系外に分離除去して、化学平衡を望ましい状態に維持することが重要であることを解明した。
ついで、懸濁粒子濃度を高め、この濃縮懸濁液部分に高圧部分を設定し、この高圧部分に常に新しく気体を注入し反応済の気体を速やかに系外に移動する手段装置を開発して、上記課題を達成する本発明を完成した。
【０００９】
かくして、本発明によれば、以下の発明が提供される。
それぞれ外部に分岐装置を備えた沈降槽 (1) 及び (2) を回路で連結した構造を有し、液体と気体を反応させるための反応装置であり、
（Ｉ）沈降槽 (1) 内に、気体と反応する懸濁粒子を含有する懸濁液または気体と反応して懸濁粒子を生成する液体を注入し、該沈降槽 (1) 内で気体と反応させて、反応した懸濁液を生成させるに際し、沈降槽(1)の中央底から水中ポンプ、もしくは邪魔板を介したポンプ手段で吸入した懸濁液を、沈降槽 (1) の外部に設けた分岐装置により上下方向に分岐し、分岐した上向き回路からの懸濁液を沈降槽(1)の下部に吐出して沈降槽 (1) 内の懸濁液に上下に乱れない旋回流を形成させるとともに、ポンプ回路から吐出までの高圧部位で懸濁液に気体を連続的に注入することにより、沈降槽 (1) 内の旋回流の中で懸濁液と気体を反応せしめ、反応済の気泡を沈降槽(1)上部に浮上分離させ、
（ II ）沈降槽 (1) 上部の越流口からの越流を、沈降槽 (1) と回路により連結した沈降槽 (2) 内に導き、沈降槽 (2) の中央底からポンプにより吸入した懸濁液を、沈降槽 (2) の外部に設けた分岐装置により上下方向に分岐し、分岐した上向き回路からの懸濁液を沈降槽 (2) の下部に吐出して沈降槽 (2) 内の懸濁液に上下に乱れない旋回流を形成させるとともに、分岐した下向き回路からの懸濁液を沈降槽 (1) 内に戻し、
（ III ）気体と反応した懸濁液または気体と反応して生成した懸濁液を前記沈降槽 (1) の下部に沈降濃縮させて、上下方向に分岐した下向き回路から採取する
ように構成したことを特徴とする反応装置。
【００１０】
以下、本発明について詳述する。
本発明者は、固体微粒子が懸濁する固体−液体不均一相の反応の効率、固体と液体の分離等について、液体に特定の旋回流を形成しめた求心沈降槽〔（株）ファインクレイ、登録商標ピタクロン〕を提案した（特開平４−３４６８０３号公報、特開平５−１８４８１５号公報、特開平６−５５００７号公報）。さらに、本発明者は、この求心沈降槽に分別されて滞留する粒子を、ストークス径に基づいて設計された粒度以上の粒子を効果的に採取する手段、分離分級装置についても、提案した（特願平５−２８０４８８号）。
上記先行発明は、いずれも液体と微粒子が懸濁する液・固の不均一系であったが、本発明では、さらに気体を含めた３成分の不均一系の反応に適した装置を提案する。以下、詳細を図１に基づいて説明する。
【００１１】
反応槽、沈降槽、中継槽、貯蔵槽の機能を備えた槽
図１において、Ａ；懸濁液入り口、Ｂ；気体入り口、Ｃ；薬液入り口、Ｄ；光線入り口、Ｅ；回収液、ＧＨＩＪ；熱交換、イオン交換を表す。
反応槽（沈降槽） (1)は、好ましくは円筒槽１の中央底部分に邪魔板２を介して、槽１の中央底から吸入した懸濁液をポンプ３を経て、分岐装置４を経て、上下方向に分岐し、分岐した上向き回路を、槽１の下部から吐出して、上下に乱れない旋回流を形成させる。水中ポンプが使用できる場合、これを選択すると、回路を短縮し、維持管理が便利である。ポンプ回路から吐出までの高圧部位に、気体を注入口５から注入し、気体は効果的に溶解して、旋回流の中で懸濁液と気体が効果的に反応する。反応済の気泡は、沈降槽(1)上部に浮上分離し、越流口６から排出させて、新しい気体と混在しない。
反応槽(2)は、円筒槽１１の中央底部分に、邪魔板１２を介して、槽１１の中央底から吸入した懸濁液をポンプ１３を経て、分岐装置１４を経て、上下方向に分岐し、分岐した上向き回路を、槽１１の下部から吐出して、上下に乱れない旋回流を形成させる。
【００１２】
反応槽(1)の越流を反応槽(2)に注入する回路１７を設けて、反応槽(1)と反応槽(2)を連結する。反応済みの気泡は、沈降槽(2)上部に浮上分離し、越流口１６から排出させる。
気体と反応した懸濁液あるいは気体と反応して生成した懸濁液は、反応槽(2)の下部に沈降濃縮して、上下方向に分岐した下向き回路１８から反応槽(1)に戻し、再度、新しい気体と接触反応する機会を効果的に得る。即ち、新しい気体との接触効率が高く、反応済みの気体が速やかに排出される。気体と反応した懸濁液あるいは気体と反応して生成した懸濁液は、反応槽(1)の下部に沈降濃縮するので、上下方向に分岐した下向き回路８から適宜採取し、分級精製等の次工程に送る。気体との反応平衡を打破して、反応速度が著しく大きくなり、液体／気体の界面反応の制御が実現する。従って、反応生成物が一定条件で継続的に、系外に除去されるので、反応平衡と速度を的確に制御できて、高機能粒子が合成できる。
本発明の装置は、化学反応は元より、環境装置等の応用は計り知れないが、以下にその代表的な水処理を例示する。
【００１３】
【実施例】
［実施例１］下水処理施設
複雑な懸濁液として、都市の下水をはじめとする各種産業排水があげられる。これらの水処理では、好気状態を維持するため各種の瀑気装置が提供されているが、広大な場所を必要として悪臭の発生が伴い、設置場所の確保が困難になっている。空気瀑気の場合、窒素ガスの気泡とともに悪臭が拡散するので、空気を予め窒素と酸素に分離して、酸素だけを通気するシステムに移行しているが、酸素ガスと懸濁液の接触効率が悪いため、概ね３段階の通気槽を必要とし、施設は広大になる。
図１のＡから、被処理水を注入し、Ｂから酸素ガスを流量計７を経て、気体注入混合口５に注入する。反応済みの気体は、越流口６を経由して越流口１６から限定排出され、適切な防臭対策を施して放出される。酸素は、充分に反応して未反応の酸素が放出されないよう、流量計７を調整する。酸素と充分反応させて、懸濁質が沈降濃縮した被処理水は、下方向の分岐回路８より採取し、シックナー装置、プレスフィルター、遠心沈降機で脱水濃縮し、脱水ケーキを排出する。濾過余水は、被処理水にもどして充分な酸化処理を施す。
酸化反応は、反応槽(1)と(2)の大きさによって、定量的に設計され、充分に酸化処理された清水が越流口１６から採取される。都市地域の規模毎に適性規模が選択されるので、下水処理を地域毎に分散設置される。都市から町村単位、集落単位、企業敷地単位、集合住宅単位、更には、個人住宅単位、工程単位の適性規模に対応でき、回収される脱水ケーキの素性が明確になって、適正処理が可能になり、回収資源化される。
【００１４】
［実施例２］下水処理における脱窒素、脱燐
実施例１における下方向回路８からの沈降濃縮液を、別途、図１に示す反応槽(1)のＡに注入し、気体として空気から分離採取した窒素ガスを通気する。反応槽(1)は、嫌気状態になり、活性泥から燐化合物が放出され、活性泥の硝化反応が進んで、窒素ガスに分解され、越流口１６から放出される。燐化合物を含んだ清水を越流口１６から採取し、別途、図１に示す反応槽(1)のＡに石灰乳と混合して注入して、気体として空気から分離採取した酸素ガスを通気する。燐化合物の沈澱物の懸濁液を下方向回路８から採取し、脱水し、燐化合物を回収して、再利用した。この工程は、在来装置で実施されており、本発明装置では、気体との接触効率、沈澱の分離除去効率が高く、設備を小型にできる特徴を持つ。さらに重要なことは、処理の維持管理が容易で、水処理の必要箇所、工程毎に設定できることである。
【００１５】
［実施例３］浄水処理
水資源の水質悪化対策として、アンモニア性窒素の酸化分解を行う前段塩素処理が多くなり、発癌性のトリハロメタンについての危険性はほぼ定説となって、他の酸化処理手段が求められた。オゾンガスが試行されているが、強力な酸化手段によるパーオキサイドの危険性が危惧されて、本質的解決でない。前段塩素処理は、本来、下水処理工程に組み込むべき課題であって、不完全な下水処理の放流水に起因する。従って、実施例１〜２により高度の水処理が可能になり、これを実施し、塩素、オゾンのような強力な酸化を採用する必要のない水を放流する社会システムが可能になる。
自然河川の流水は、粘土鉱物が懸濁し、この粘土鉱物がアンモニア性窒素を分解する浄化能力を持っている。天然の粘土鉱物による濁り状態は、水質浄化に必要な正常状態であり、これは、生態環境の適正な状態で、農林、漁業の営みに不可欠である。
人間の飲料水として利用可能な清浄水を望む場合、図１のＡから原水を注入して、Ｂから酸素を通じ、充分好気状態にして、反応槽(1)に凝集剤（例：高分子凝集剤、ＰＡＣから選定）を滴下し、反応槽(1)に好気状態の凝集泥液層を形成させる。この層は、言わば液膜に相当し、原水がこの液膜を通過する間に、原水に含まれるアンモニア性窒素が活性泥の触媒作用で酸素で酸化分解される。強力な塩素、オゾンを必要としない理由は、活性泥、生体の触媒作用にほかならない。漏洩した活性泥は反応槽 (2)で沈降分離されて、反応槽 (1)に還流され、完全に沈降分離された清水が越流１６から採取される。
【００１６】
［実施例４］浄水貯蔵槽
大型集合住宅の上水利用の場合、水需要を平均化するため、公営水道水を貯蔵し、地下タンクまたは屋上に設置する。地震等の非常事態に備えて、ストックは多いほど望ましいが、浄水貯蔵槽の沈降堆積物の清掃等の維持管理が嵩むため、ストックは殆ど行われていない。
実施例３に示した反応槽(2)は、貯水槽であり、沈降堆積物を連続的に除去し、常に清水がストックされる。水源から末端住宅に至る各所に、反応槽(2)の構成の貯水槽を設ければ、年間のストックが増加し、異常渇水に備えうる。反応槽(2)の１８から排出される沈降濃縮液は、反応槽(1)に戻す回路を原則とするが、遠隔の場合、別回路を適宜選択した多様な用途に対応できる。何れにおいても水の循環が化学収支を含めて成立するように設計できるのが本発明装置の特徴である。
【００１７】
［実施例５］水源池の活性化
例えば、京阪神の上水の水源は、淀川から琵琶湖に遡り、さらに人工ダムに至る。ダム湖、湖沼水源池における自然に期待できる自然浄化能力は有限である。人工的な汚染は、人工的に解消せねばならない。水を抜いて機械的に掻き出さざるを得ない現状における技術課題は、沈降泥を貯水池満水のまま連続的に採取することに尽きる。
図１の構成の貯水池は、沈降槽(1)に泥液が活性状態で蓄積され、沈降槽(2)に清水が活性状態で蓄積される。沈降槽(1)と沈降槽(2)の大きさと設置場所、形態を地域の水事情、需要に合わせて多様な選択ができる。沈降槽(1)の泥液は、貴重な窒素資源であり、森林、田畑、公園の土壌に還元することが望ましい。図１の構成装置、施設を採用すると、適正規模の貯水池からの泥液の採取とその利用が、地域文化として管理実施することが可能である。
従来、貯水槽における底部位への酸素補給は、風波による流動と、対流による上下の入替えによるので、極めて限られたものになる。従って、酸素欠乏状態となって、悪臭を放つ劣悪な環境となることが多い。このような封鎖水域のＢＯＤ及びＣＯＤ負荷の高い水質の改善にとって、酸素補給が重要であることは認められており、図１の構成装置により、これらの要望に応えることができる。
【００１８】
［実施例６］水産漁業の活性化
鮭の孵化事情には、当地固有の水源の涵養が必要で、汚染されやすい表層流水より、地下水が採用されることが多い。環境の悪化に伴って、地下水の水源が深くなる。深い井戸から汲み上げた水は、圧力変化で気泡の発生が起こり、孵化と稚魚飼育の障害になるため、井戸の深さが制限される。孵化事業の活性化には、水源の普遍化が必要で、地下水の溶解空気を速やかに常圧の大気組成に調整する方法装置が求められている。
図１の構成で、Ａから地下水を注入し、Ｂから空気を注入して、越流６もしくは１６から採取した水では、気泡が完全に除かれて、かつ新たな発生が起こらなかった。
稚魚飼育に限らず、養魚の生産性を高めるために、水中への酸素の補給が一定に保たれて安定した水源が確保できた。鑑賞目的のための水槽、水族館の水槽において、情緒的には気泡の存在が好ましい場合もあるが、基本的には観察、鑑賞、沈降分離の障害である気泡の発生を、図１の構成装置の採用で最少限度にすることができる。
【００１９】
［実施例７］その他の応用
以上の水処理に限らず、気体物質の溶液内反応、気体モノマー重合反応、触媒粒子が懸濁する化学反応、反応容器の窒素シール等に図１の構成装置の採用が好適である。例えば、廃ガスを処理して、清浄な空気にする装置、アルカリ性の液体を用いて亜硫酸ガスを処理する脱硫装置、混合気体の構成の１部及び／または浮遊粉塵を液体に溶解せしめて除去する洗気装置としての装置、気体として塩素、オゾン、酸素、亜硝酸ガスから選ばれる酸化性のガスを採用して、沈降分離槽内で分離効果を損なう気泡の発生が起こらない装置、地下水に大気を注入し、溶解気体組成を大気組成に調整もしくは溶解した揮発性物質を発散させる装置、地下水に大気を注入し、発生した沈降性の固体を含む懸濁液を沈降分離槽の底部旋回流から採取除去して、清水を沈降分離槽の越流から採取する装置に適する。
環境保全のため、酸性雨防止対策、排煙脱硫装置、クリーンルーム、ビル内の空気調整設備等、気体の洗浄装置、広い意味の気体と液体の反応装置に適することが明白である。
【００２０】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、気体と液体、特に微粒子が浮遊する気体、微粒子が液体に懸濁する液体、あるいは微粒子が液体に析出し、相が不均一状態になる場合における反応の効率を高める装置が提供される。本発明の反応装置は、反応終了後の気泡を速やかに分離し、槽内液体に新しく供給される気体を接触せしめることを繰り返す循環回路を設けて、気体と懸濁液体の接触効率を高めた気体と液体の反応装置として好適である。
本発明の反応装置は、以下のような特徴を持っている。
（１）人工的強制循環系の圧力が高い部分に気体を注入するので、気体の溶解度が高まって、気体と液体の反応効率が向上する。
（２）液体と接触反応した気泡を速やかに分離除去した液体に、繰り返し常に新しい気体と接触するので、気体と液体の反応効率が本発明装置では自然対流に比べて飛躍的に増加する。
（３）新しい気体と、反応済の気体が混入しないので、化学反応平衡への影響が少なく、反応製品の質が向上する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の液体と気体の反応装置のフロー図の一例を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
Ａ：懸濁液入口、
Ｂ：気体入口、
Ｃ：薬液入口、
Ｄ：光線入口、
Ｅ：回収液、
Ｇ：熱交換、イオン交換、
(1)：反応槽、
１：円筒槽、
２：邪魔板、
３：ポンプ、
４：分岐装置、
５：混合口（気体注入混合口）、
６：越流口、
７：流量計、
８：下方向回路、
(2)：反応槽、
１１：円筒槽、
１２：邪魔板、
１３：ポンプ、
１４：分岐装置、
１６：越流口、
１７：反応槽(1)の越流を反応槽(2)に注入する回路、
１８：下向き回路。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates generally to a reaction apparatus that increases the reaction efficiency between a liquid and a gas, particularly a suspension and a gas, in controlling a solid / liquid / gas interface reaction in a chemical reaction. The reaction apparatus of the present invention is suitable for, for example, a brewing fermentation reaction, culture, aquaculture, enzyme, microorganism, bioreactor with enhanced reaction efficiency of animal and plant cells.
[0002]
[Prior art]
There are a wide variety of fields dealing with the reaction between liquid and gas, especially suspension and gas. In order to increase the reaction efficiency between the liquid and the gas, it is necessary to increase the contact efficiency between the liquid and the gas. The device has been devised by the following method, but various problems remain.
[0003]
(1) Vent pipe: A device that generates bubbling and bubbles from the vent pipe is the most universal and widely used in testing and production sites and environmental facilities, but it is difficult to use for suspensions with high viscosity. . As the bubble rises, the liquid becomes an upward flow and convection occurs and can be stirred.However, the bubble rise rate is governed by the viscosity of the liquid and rises with the liquid, and the position change of the interface between the gas and the liquid changes. Since there are few, reaction efficiency is low.
(2) Air diffuser: Various so-called air diffusers provided with a large number of pores at the outlet are provided as a device to disperse the bubbles so as to increase the interface between the gas and the liquid. However, when the diffuser tube becomes complicated and dense, a problem of clogging tends to occur. When solid particles are precipitated by reaction with a gas or gas in which particles are suspended, a problem is likely to occur particularly when the suspended particles in the suspension and the gas are to be reacted. Measurement monitor, appreciation value is high, but practicality as a reaction device is low.
[0004]
(3) Jet injection: Gas is sucked into high-pressure jet injection water, and the gas is dissolved and injected at a high pressure, so that the efficiency is improved over the ventilation pipe and the air diffusion pipe. However, the gas that can be injected is limited to a clean gas and cannot be used for a gas in which particles are suspended.
(4) Stirring the liquid phase and tapping the liquid surface: In supplying oxygen in a fish pond, a device that stirs or strikes the water surface with a rotating plate or a rotating blade to dissolve and react the gas in water is widely used. However, since the gas uptake is limited to the vicinity of the water surface and the gas supply to the bottom of the water is not sufficient due to the stirring effect and convection effect, the usage application is limited.
(5) Shower: A device that sprays liquid into a gas space or injects it in a shower state to increase the reaction efficiency, so-called gas cleaning device, air cleaning device, removes fine particles floating in the gas, It is used for absorption reaction of some gases, saturation of liquid vapor in gas, and adjustment of atmospheric humidity. However, high removal of fine particles floating in the gas requires a large amount of fresh water. In this case, it is difficult to treat the generated dilute suspension waste liquid, which is limited to advanced technical fields.
[0005]
(6) Deep tank: Dissolution of gas into liquid is proportional to the pressure, and the water pressure in a deep tank of 10 m or more is 1 atm or more, and the solubility twice as high as normal can be expected. When the depth is deeper, this effect is higher, and when land acquisition is difficult, a large depth tank of 50 m or more is employed. However, the construction cost of the deep tank is large, and management in an emergency situation is extremely dangerous, and the cost for safety measures increases.
(7) Liquid membrane: A separation technique using a separation membrane with a liquid having a diffusion rate larger than that of a solid has been proposed, but it has not been successful as an industrial process, but limited to analytical research.
[0006]
(8) Bioreactor: A device for producing desired useful substances using enzymes, microorganisms, animal / plant cells, and immobilized products thereof. This reaction is a biocatalyst and basically involves controlling the solid / water / gas interface reaction. In many cases, the oxygen supply mode and the generated carbon dioxide treatment are devised. Since the basis for the unique device is not clear, it is difficult to design an expansion of production scale. The results obtained from the flask experiment are not commercialized and there is a lot of effort. The recognition of the control of solid / water / gas interfacial reactions is weak, short-circuited to the consequences of enzymes and microorganisms.
Wastewater treatment, urban sewage treatment facilities are also bioreactors, and the processes that organisms are involved in are denitrification, dephosphorization, and BOD removal. It is performed in a combination of an anaerobic tank and an aerobic tank, and specifically, controlled by a combination of oxygen and nitrogen supply systems.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of the reaction between a gas and a liquid, in particular, solid particulates in a suspension, and the gas, and provide a method apparatus that can rationalize the entire system such as reaction, washing, classification and purification. There is.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to improve the reaction efficiency with a gas, the present inventor includes not only a gas / liquid interface, but also a solid / liquid interface in which a solid is suspended, and a liquid / liquid interface with different specific gravity that does not melt. As a result of comprehensive research, solid, liquid, and gas fine particles suspended in liquid are regularly separated, and after completion of the reaction, the gas is promptly separated and removed from the reaction system to achieve a desired chemical equilibrium. It was clarified that it is important to maintain it.
Next, we developed a means to increase the suspended particle concentration, set a high-pressure part in this concentrated suspension part, and constantly inject new gas into this high-pressure part to quickly move the reacted gas out of the system. The present invention for achieving the above-mentioned problems has been completed.
[0009]
Thus, according to the present invention, the following inventions are provided.
Each has a structure in which a sedimentation tank (1) and (2) each provided with a branch device outside is connected by a circuit, and is a reaction device for reacting a liquid and a gas,
(I) sedimentation tank (1) inside, reacts with the suspension or gas containing suspended particles which react with the gas injection of the liquid for generating the suspended particles, a gas in 該沈Fuso (1) in In order to produce a reacted suspension, the suspension sucked from the center bottom of the settling tank (1) with a submersible pump or pump means via a baffle is placed outside the settling tank (1) . branches in the vertical direction by a branch device provided, the swirling flow is not disturbed in the vertical suspension of the sedimentation tank (1) in ejecting the bottom of the sedimentation tank (1) the suspension from branched upward circuit Rutotomoni to form, by suspension continuously injected gas into a high pressure region from the pump circuit to the discharge, it reacted suspension and gas in the swirling flow of the sedimentation tank (1) inside, The reacted bubbles are floated and separated at the top of the sedimentation tank (1) ,
( II ) Settling tank (1) The overflow from the upper overflow port is guided into the settling tank (2) connected to the settling tank ( 1) by a circuit, and is sucked by the pump from the center bottom of the settling tank (2). The suspended suspension is branched vertically by a branching device provided outside the settling tank (2) , and the suspension from the branched upward circuit is discharged to the lower part of the settling tank (2) to settling tank (2 ) To form a swirling flow that does not disturb the suspension in the vertical direction , and returns the suspension from the branched downward circuit into the settling tank (1) ,
( III ) The suspension that reacts with the gas or the suspension that reacts with the gas is sedimented and concentrated in the lower part of the settling tank (1) , and is collected from the downward circuit branched in the vertical direction.
Reaction device characterized by being configured so.
[0010]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The present inventor is a centripetal sedimentation tank in which a specific swirl flow is formed in a liquid (such as Fine Clay Co., Ltd.) (Registered trademark Pitacron) has been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 4-346803, 5-184815, and 6-55007). Furthermore, the present inventor has also proposed a means for effectively collecting particles that are separated and retained in the centripetal sedimentation tank and particles having a particle size or more designed based on the Stokes diameter, and a separation classifier (special feature). Application No. 5-280488).
The above prior inventions are liquid / solid heterogeneous systems in which liquid and fine particles are suspended, but the present invention proposes an apparatus suitable for a three-component heterogeneous reaction including gas. . Details will be described below with reference to FIG.
[0011]
Tank having functions of reaction tank, sedimentation tank, relay tank, and storage tank In FIG. 1, A: suspension inlet, B: gas inlet, C: chemical inlet, D: light inlet, E: recovered liquid, GHIJ; Represents heat exchange and ion exchange.
The reaction tank (sedimentation tank) (1) is preferably configured such that the suspension sucked from the center bottom of the tank 1 via the baffle plate 2 through the central bottom portion of the cylindrical tank 1 passes through the pump 3 and passes through the branch device 4. , Branching in the vertical direction, the branched upward circuit is discharged from the lower part of the tank 1 to form a swirling flow that is not disturbed up and down. If a submersible pump is available, this selection shortens the circuit and is convenient for maintenance. Gas is injected from the injection port 5 into the high-pressure part from the pump circuit to the discharge, the gas is effectively dissolved, and the suspension and the gas effectively react in the swirling flow. The reacted air bubbles float to the upper part of the sedimentation tank (1) and are discharged from the overflow port 6 so as not to be mixed with new gas.
The reaction tank (2) branches vertically into the central bottom portion of the cylindrical tank 11 via the baffle plate 12 and the suspension sucked from the central bottom of the tank 11 via the pump 13 and the branching device 14. And the branched upward circuit is discharged from the lower part of the tank 11, and the swirl | flow which does not disturb up and down is formed.
[0012]
A circuit 17 for injecting the overflow of the reaction tank (1) into the reaction tank (2) is provided to connect the reaction tank (1) and the reaction tank (2) . The reacted air bubbles float to the upper part of the settling tank (2) and are discharged from the overflow port 16.
The suspension that reacts with the gas or the suspension that reacts with the gas is sedimented and concentrated in the lower part of the reaction tank (2) , and is returned to the reaction tank (1) from the downward circuit 18 branched vertically. Again, an opportunity to effectively react with a new gas is obtained. That is, the contact efficiency with the new gas is high, and the reacted gas is quickly discharged. The suspension was produced by the reaction with the reaction suspension or gas and gaseous Since the thickener to the bottom of the reaction vessel (1), appropriately taken from the downward circuit 8 branching vertically Direction, classification such as purification To the next process. Breaking the reaction equilibrium with the gas, the reaction rate is remarkably increased, and the liquid / gas interface reaction is controlled. Therefore, since the reaction product is continuously removed from the system under a certain condition, the reaction equilibrium and speed can be controlled accurately, and highly functional particles can be synthesized.
The apparatus of the present invention is not limited to chemical reactions, and the application of environmental devices and the like is immeasurable, but typical water treatment is exemplified below.
[0013]
【Example】
[Embodiment 1] Sewage treatment facilities Various industrial wastewaters including urban sewage are given as complex suspensions. In these water treatments, various aerobic devices are provided in order to maintain an aerobic state. However, a vast place is required and a bad odor is generated, making it difficult to secure an installation place. In the case of air smoky, bad odors diffuse with nitrogen gas bubbles, so the air is separated into nitrogen and oxygen in advance, and the system moves to a system where only oxygen is ventilated. Because it is bad, it requires a three-stage aeration tank and the facility is very large.
From FIG. 1A, water to be treated is injected, and oxygen gas is injected from B through the flow meter 7 into the gas injection mixing port 5. The reacted gas is exhausted in a limited manner from the overflow port 16 via the overflow port 6 and is discharged with appropriate deodorizing measures taken. The flowmeter 7 is adjusted so that oxygen reacts sufficiently and unreacted oxygen is not released. The water to be treated, which is sufficiently reacted with oxygen and sedimented and concentrated in the suspended matter, is collected from the branch circuit 8 in the downward direction, dehydrated and concentrated with a thickener device, a press filter and a centrifugal settling machine, and the dehydrated cake is discharged. The filtered residual water is returned to the water to be treated and subjected to sufficient oxidation treatment.
The oxidation reaction is quantitatively designed according to the size of the reaction vessels (1) and (2) , and freshly oxidized water is collected from the overflow port 16. Since an appropriate scale is selected for each scale of the urban area, sewage treatment is distributed in each area. Towns and villages units from the city, village unit, corporate on-site units, apartment units, even more, individual housing units, can respond to the suitability scale of the process unit, the identity of the dehydrated cake which is recovered becomes clear, it can be suitable for the positive process It becomes a collected resource.
[0014]
Example 2 denitrification in sewage treatment, settling concentrate from down circuit 8 in dephosphorization Example 1, separately injected into A reaction vessel shown in FIG. 1 (1), or an empty feel as a gas The collected nitrogen gas is vented. The reaction tank (1) is in an anaerobic state, the phosphorus compound is released from the activated mud, the nitrification reaction of the activated mud proceeds, is decomposed into nitrogen gas, and is discharged from the overflow port 16. Shimizu containing phosphorus compounds taken from the overflow port 16, separately injected and mixed with milk of lime to the A reaction vessel (1) shown in FIG. 1, the oxygen gas air felt or we separated off as a gas To ventilate. Suspension of precipitate was collected by adoption down circuit 8 or these phosphorus compounds, dehydrated, and recovered phosphorus compound, it was recycled. This process is carried out in a conventional apparatus, and the apparatus of the present invention has a feature that the efficiency of contact with gas and the efficiency of separation and removal of precipitates are high, and the equipment can be downsized. More importantly, it is easy to maintain and manage the treatment, and it can be set for each required place and process of the water treatment.
[0015]
[Example 3] As a countermeasure against the deterioration of water quality of purified water resources, the pre-stage chlorination treatment that oxidatively decomposes ammoniacal nitrogen increases, and the risk of carcinogenic trihalomethanes is almost established, and other oxidation treatment means. Was requested. Although ozone gas has been tried, it is not an essential solution because of the danger of peroxides due to powerful oxidizing means. The pre-stage chlorination is originally a problem to be incorporated into the sewage treatment process, and is caused by incomplete sewage treatment effluent. Therefore, Examples 1 and 2 enable high-level water treatment, which enables a social system that discharges water that does not need to employ strong oxidation such as chlorine and ozone.
Natural river water is suspended by clay minerals, and the clay minerals have the ability to purify ammonia nitrogen. Turbidity due to natural clay minerals is a normal state necessary for water purification, which is in an appropriate state of the ecological environment and is indispensable for the operation of agriculture, forestry and fisheries.
If clean water that can be used as drinking water for humans is desired, raw water is injected from A in FIG. 1, oxygen is supplied from B, and the mixture is made sufficiently aerobic, and a flocculant (eg, polymer ) is added to the reaction tank (1). ( Selected from coagulant and PAC) is dropped and an aerobic coagulated mud layer is formed in the reaction tank (1) . This layer corresponds to a so-called liquid film, and while raw water passes through this liquid film, ammonia nitrogen contained in the raw water is oxidatively decomposed with oxygen by the catalytic action of active mud. The reason for not requiring strong chlorine and ozone is nothing but active mud and biological catalysis. The leaked activated mud is settled and separated in the reaction tank (2) , is returned to the reaction tank (1), and fresh water that is completely settled and separated is collected from the overflow 16.
[0016]
[Embodiment 4] In the case of using clean water in a large apartment house for clean water storage , in order to average water demand, public tap water is stored and installed in an underground tank or rooftop. In preparation for an emergency such as an earthquake, it is desirable to have more stock. However, stock maintenance is rarely performed due to increased maintenance such as cleaning of sediment deposited in the water storage tank.
The reaction tank (2) shown in Example 3 is a water storage tank that continuously removes sediment sediment and always stocks fresh water. If water tanks with the structure of the reaction tank (2) are installed at various locations from the water source to the terminal house, the annual stock increases and it can be prepared for abnormal drought. In principle, the sedimentation concentrate discharged from the reaction tank (2) 18 is returned to the reaction tank (1) , but in the case of a remote, it can be used for various applications in which separate circuits are appropriately selected. In any case, it is a feature of the device of the present invention that it can be designed so that water circulation is established including the chemical balance.
[0017]
[Embodiment 5] Activation of water source pond For example, the water source of Keihanshin water goes back from Lake Yodo to Lake Biwa and further to an artificial dam. The natural purification capacity of dam lakes and lake water source ponds is limited. Artificial contamination must be resolved artificially. The technical problem in the present situation that must be mechanically scraped by draining water is to continuously collect the sedimented mud while the reservoir is full.
In the reservoir shown in FIG. 1, mud liquid is accumulated in the sedimentation tank (1) in an active state, and fresh water is accumulated in the sedimentation tank (2) in an active state. Various settings can be selected for the size, location, and form of the settling tank (1) and settling tank (2) according to the local water situation and demand. The mud in the settling tank (1) is a valuable nitrogen resource and should be returned to forests, fields and park soils. Configuration device of FIG. 1, and to adopt the facility, proper collection and the use of mud fluid from the positive scale of reservoirs, it is possible to management practices as a regional culture.
Conventionally, oxygen replenishment to the bottom part of the water tank is extremely limited because of flow by wind waves and up-and-down switching by convection. Therefore, it is often an oxygen-deficient state and a poor environment that emits a foul odor. It is recognized that oxygen replenishment is important for improving the water quality with high BOD and COD load in such a closed water area, and these demands can be met by the configuration apparatus of FIG.
[0018]
[Embodiment 6] In order to incubate activated fisheries fisheries, it is necessary to cultivate water sources unique to the region, and groundwater is often adopted rather than surface water that is easily contaminated. As the environment deteriorates, the groundwater source becomes deeper. Water drawn from deep wells generates bubbles due to pressure changes, which hinders hatching and fry rearing, limiting the well depth. In order to activate the hatchery business, it is necessary to universalize water sources, and there is a need for a method that can quickly adjust the dissolved air of groundwater to atmospheric composition at atmospheric pressure.
In the configuration shown in FIG. 1, in the water sampled from the overflow 6 or 16 by injecting groundwater from A and air from B, bubbles were completely removed and no new generation occurred.
In order to increase the productivity of fish farming as well as fry rearing, the water supply was kept constant and a stable water source was secured. In the aquarium tank for viewing and aquarium tanks, the presence of bubbles may be preferable emotionally, but basically the generation of bubbles, which is an obstacle to observation, viewing and settling separation, is shown in FIG. Can be minimized.
[0019]
[Embodiment 7] Not only water treatment more than other applications, but also in-solution reaction of gaseous substances, gaseous monomer polymerization reaction, chemical reaction in which catalyst particles are suspended, nitrogen seal of reaction vessel, etc. Adoption is preferred. For example, a device that treats waste gas into clean air, a desulfurization device that treats sulfurous acid gas using an alkaline liquid, a part of a mixed gas configuration and / or suspended dust is dissolved in the liquid and removed. A device as a scrubber, an oxidizing gas selected from chlorine, ozone, oxygen, and nitrous acid as a gas, a device that does not generate bubbles that impair the separation effect in the sedimentation tank, and air in the groundwater A device that adjusts the dissolved gas composition to the atmospheric composition or emits volatile substances, injects the atmosphere into the groundwater, and removes the suspension containing the generated sedimentary solids from the swirling flow at the bottom of the sedimentation tank It is suitable for a device that collects and removes fresh water from the overflow of the sedimentation tank.
It is obvious that it is suitable for environmental protection, such as acid rain prevention measures, flue gas desulfurization equipment, clean room, air conditioning equipment in buildings, etc.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for improving the efficiency of reaction in the case where a gas and a liquid, in particular, a gas in which fine particles are suspended, a liquid in which fine particles are suspended in a liquid, or a fine particle is precipitated in the liquid and a phase is in a non-uniform state. Provided. The reaction apparatus of the present invention is provided with a circulation circuit that quickly separates bubbles after completion of the reaction and repeatedly brings the newly supplied gas into contact with the liquid in the tank, thereby improving the contact efficiency between the gas and the suspension. It is suitable as a gas and liquid reaction apparatus.
The reaction apparatus of the present invention has the following characteristics.
(1) Since the gas is injected into the part where the pressure of the artificial forced circulation system is high, the solubility of the gas is increased and the reaction efficiency between the gas and the liquid is improved.
(2) Since the liquid that has rapidly reacted and contacted with the liquid is quickly contacted with the new gas repeatedly, the reaction efficiency between the gas and the liquid is dramatically increased in the device of the present invention compared to natural convection.
(3) Since a new gas and a reacted gas are not mixed, there is little influence on the chemical reaction equilibrium, and the quality of the reaction product is improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows an example of a flow diagram of a liquid and gas reaction apparatus of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
A: Suspension inlet,
B: Gas inlet,
C: Chemical solution inlet,
D: Light entrance
E: recovered liquid,
G: heat exchange, ion exchange,
(1) : Reaction tank,
1: Cylindrical tank,
2: Baffle plate
3: Pump,
4: Branch device,
5: Mixing port (gas injection mixing port),
6: Overflow entrance,
7: Flow meter,
8: Downward circuit,
(2) : Reaction tank,
11: Cylindrical tank,
12: baffle,
13: Pump,
14: Branch device
16: Overflow entrance,
17: Circuit for injecting the overflow of the reaction tank (1) into the reaction tank (2) ,
18: Downward circuit.

Claims

Each has a structure in which a sedimentation tank (1) and (2) each provided with a branch device outside is connected by a circuit, and is a reaction device for reacting a liquid and a gas,
(I) sedimentation tank (1) inside, reacts with the suspension or gas containing suspended particles which react with the gas injection of the liquid for generating the suspended particles, a gas in 該沈Fuso (1) in In order to produce a reacted suspension, the suspension sucked from the center bottom of the settling tank (1) with a submersible pump or pump means via a baffle is placed outside the settling tank (1) . branches in the vertical direction by a branch device provided, the swirling flow is not disturbed in the vertical suspension of the sedimentation tank (1) in ejecting the bottom of the sedimentation tank (1) the suspension from branched upward circuit Rutotomoni to form, by suspension continuously injected gas into a high pressure region from the pump circuit to the discharge, it reacted suspension and gas in the swirling flow of the sedimentation tank (1) inside, The reacted bubbles are floated and separated at the top of the sedimentation tank (1) ,
( II ) Settling tank (1) The overflow from the upper overflow port is guided into the settling tank (2) connected to the settling tank ( 1) by a circuit, and is sucked by the pump from the center bottom of the settling tank (2). The suspended suspension is branched vertically by a branching device provided outside the settling tank (2) , and the suspension from the branched upward circuit is discharged to the lower part of the settling tank (2) to settling tank (2 ) To form a swirling flow that does not disturb the suspension in the vertical direction , and returns the suspension from the branched downward circuit into the settling tank (1) ,
( III ) The suspension that reacts with the gas or the suspension that reacts with the gas is sedimented and concentrated in the lower part of the settling tank (1) , and is collected from the downward circuit branched in the vertical direction.
Reaction device characterized by being configured so.