Deprecated: The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls in /home/zhenxiangba/zhenxiangba.com/public_html/phproxy-improved-master/index.php on line 456
JP3698656B2 - Cutting tools - Google Patents
[go: Go Back, main page]

JP3698656B2 - Cutting tools - Google Patents

Cutting tools Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP3698656B2
JP3698656B2 JP2001171373A JP2001171373A JP3698656B2 JP 3698656 B2 JP3698656 B2 JP 3698656B2 JP 2001171373 A JP2001171373 A JP 2001171373A JP 2001171373 A JP2001171373 A JP 2001171373A JP 3698656 B2 JP3698656 B2 JP 3698656B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
steel
cutting
type carbide
cutting tool
tool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2001171373A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2002361503A (en
Inventor
直純 吉田
武志 加藤
裕 塚本
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nachi Fujikoshi Corp
Original Assignee
Nachi Fujikoshi Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nachi Fujikoshi Corp filed Critical Nachi Fujikoshi Corp
Priority to JP2001171373A priority Critical patent/JP3698656B2/en
Publication of JP2002361503A publication Critical patent/JP2002361503A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3698656B2 publication Critical patent/JP3698656B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Gear Processing (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
硬質のMC型炭化物を含む高速度工具鋼を刃先部に用いたホブ、ドリル等の切削工具に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ホブ、ドリルに代表される切削工具用材料としては、高速度工具鋼及び超硬合金が一般的である。切削工具用の高速度工具鋼として、高硬度、耐摩耗性、耐熱性を持たせるため、Vを2%以上含有させたものが開発されている。一方、超硬合金は非常に硬質ではあるが反面脆いため、高速度工具鋼に比較し、耐摩耗性や耐熱性は非常に優れるが、被研削性や耐衝撃性は劣り、さらに材料費、加工費とも高価なため、品質の信頼性、経済性の面で実際の使用範囲は限定される。そのため、とりわけ、断続切削を行うホブにおいては、ほとんどのものが高速度工具鋼製であり、一部のみが超硬合金製となっている。
【0003】
かかる切削工具用として、高速度工具鋼は、Vを主成分とする硬質のMC型炭化物を富化するため、Vを通常2%以上含有している。しかし、従来の溶製高速度工具鋼では、Vが3%以上ではV含有量が多いほど、このMC型炭化物は粗大化や細長い角形化をし易く、被研削性が悪化するばかりでなく、靱性が低下し、MC型炭化物を破壊起点とした刃先部のチッピング、破損を生じ易いという問題があった。また、粉末高速度工具鋼では、V量を増しMC型炭化物を富化しやすい製法上の利点を持つものの、そのサイズが微細になり過ぎ、その結果、耐摩耗性が不足し、刃先の大きな摩耗を生じ易く、材料が高価な割に工具寿命が短かいという問題があった。
【0004】
また、湿式加工用ホブの場合は、初期は刃先部の全面がPVDによるチタン系もしくはチタン−合金系セラミックコーティングを施されているが、再研削後はすくい面のコーティングは完全に除去された状態となるため、高速度工具鋼自体の耐熱性、耐摩耗性が要求される。さらに、切削油不要の乾式加工用ホブでは、摩耗、チッピング、破損を防止するためには、硬質で、断続切削の衝撃に耐え得る靱性、さらに耐熱性に優れた材料と、耐摩耗性、耐熱性、耐酸化性および潤滑性に優れたコーティング膜が必要であり、尚かつ、コーティング膜との相性の良い材料が要求されている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、本出願人が先に発明した特開2000−84704号公報において、硬質MC炭化物を微細分散させた溶製ハイスを用いた切削工具を提案した。しかしながら、切削加工条件がより過酷化していく中で、このハイス工具においてはマイクロチッピングをともなう摩耗が比較的大きいという問題があった。本発明の課題は係る問題点に鑑みて、さらに優れた耐チッピング性を有する切削工具を提供することである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、種々の高速度工具鋼を用いたソリッドホブ、ドリルを対象に実験を行った結果、刃先部の被研削性、靱性、耐摩耗性を兼ね備え、とりわけ耐チッピング性に優れた切削工具を得るためには、硬質のMC型炭化物の面積率を適正範囲に限定し、かつ、MC型炭化物の形状を球形に近づけるよう長径短径比をできる限り大きな値に限定することだけでなく、MC型炭化物を4〜10μmのサイズに限定することが重要であることをあらたに知得した。即ち、V:2〜4%(ただし、4%を除く)を含む高速度工具鋼中の等価円直径が4μm以上のMC型炭化物の鍛造、圧延軸と平行する断面での面積率が3〜8%であり、かつ、MC型炭化物の長径短径比を0.3以上にするだけでなく、MC型炭化物の最大等価円直径を4〜10μmとすることが必要であることを知得した。
【0007】
さらに、前述した特開2000−84704号公報ではCoの量を4〜10%の範囲であったが、このようなMC型炭化物の最大等価円直径を効果的に4〜10μmに制限するためには、Coを0.01〜4%(ただし、4%を除く)に制限する必要があることを合わせて知得した。
【0008】
また、この切削工具用鋼は、PVDによるチタン−合金系セラミックコーティングの複合膜との相性が良く、湿式加工よりも乾式加工において、さらに優れた耐チッピング性を有することを確認した。なお、MC型炭化物の等価円直径とは、MC型炭化物の粒子断面の面積を円の面積として置き換えた場合の円の直径をいう。また、MC型炭化物の最大等価円直径とは、MC型炭化物のうち最大の炭化物の等価円直径をいう。
【0009】
かかる知得に基づいて本発明の第1発明においては、高速度工具鋼製の切刃を有する切削工具において、前記高速度工具鋼は、重量%で、C:0.6〜1.8%,Si:1.2%以下,Mn:0.5%以下,Cr:3.5〜5.0 %,Mo:10%以下,W:21%以下,を含み、さらに重量%で、V:2〜4%(ただし、4%を除く),特にCo:0.01〜4%(ただし、4%を除く)を含み、残余がFe及び不可避不純物よりなり、刃先部鋼中のMC型炭化物粒のうち最大の炭化物粒の粒子断面の面積を円の面積として置き換えた場合の円の直径である等価円直径のうちの最大の等価円直径である最大等価円直径が4〜10μmであって、かつ、等価円直径が4μm以上の前記MC型炭化物粒の粒子断面の長径短径比が0.3以上であることを特徴とする切削工具を提供することによって上記課題を解決した。
【0010】
好ましくは、等価円直径が4μm以上のMC型炭化物粒の鍛造、圧延軸と平行する粒子断面での面積率が3〜8%であることを特徴とする切削工具としてもよい。尚、MC型炭化物粒の鍛造、圧延軸と平行する粒子断面とは、例えば高速度工具鋼の丸鋼又は角鋼についていえば、丸鋼又は角鋼の軸方向即ち長手方向に沿って切断した粒子断面である。実際の光学画像測定マイクロスコープでは、面積率は、マイクロスコープのスクリーンに現れる、等価円直径が4μm以上の各MC型炭化物粒の粒子断面の面積を全部加算した値を、スクリーン自身の面積で割った値となる。さらに、切削工具の少なくとも刃先表面に、PVDによるチタン系もしくはチタン−合金系セラミックコーティングの一種または二種以上の複合膜を施すことにより、より耐摩耗性、耐チッピング性が向上する。又、かかる切削工具は乾式加工により適している。
【0011】
さらに好ましくは、前記高速度工具鋼は、エレクトロスラグ再溶解法により、不活性雰囲気によるO2、N2を含むガス成分の溶鋼への侵入を防止し、かつ溶解条件:溶解速度;400〜800kg/h、鋼塊外径を電極外径で割った比率を1.2〜1.7、に保持し、前記MC型炭化物粒のサイズを制御して製造される。
【0012】
(作用)
以下に、本発明切削工具の刃先部における高速度工具鋼中のMC型炭化物の最大等価円直径、鍛造、圧延軸と平行する断面でのMC型炭化物の面積率および長径短径比を上記に限定した理由を述べる。刃先部鋼中のMC型炭化物の最大等価円直径が4μm未満の粉末高速度工具鋼を用いた切削工具では、凝着摩耗や酸化摩耗によりMC型炭化物が素地と共に除去され易いため、摩耗し易く工具寿命が短い。
【0013】
一方、刃先部鋼中のMC型炭化物の最大等価円直径が10μmを超え、また、刃先部鋼中の等価円直径が4μm以上のMC型炭化物の面積率が8%を超えると、非常に脆くなり、MC型炭化物を破壊起点としたチッピングを起こし易くなる。特に、MC型炭化物の形状が長径短径比で0.3未満の粗大で細長い角形を呈する場合は、研削加工し難い上に、さらにチッピングを起こし易くなり、工具破損の原因となる。一方、MC型炭化物の面積率が3%未満の場合は非常に摩耗し易くなり、工具寿命が短くなる。したがって、刃先部鋼中のMC型炭化物の最大等価円直径を4〜10μmとし、等価円直径が4μm以上のMC型炭化物の鍛造、圧延軸と平行する断面での面積率を3〜8%に限定し、かつ、長径短径比を0.3以上に限定した。この作用については、溶製高速度工具鋼、粉末高速度工具鋼を問わず全ての高速度工具鋼で同様に得られる。
【0014】
特に、Co重量比を0.01〜4%(ただし、4%を除く)に限定した理由は、Coが多いほど鋼の耐熱性は向上し、切削工具材料としての耐熱性を持たせるというメリットはあるものの、4%より大きいとMC炭化物サイズが比較的大きくなり、かつCoの多く固溶したマトリックス自体の靱性低下をもたらすことにより、チッピングや割れ等の工具破損を起こし易くなるという知見が得られたためである。さらには、乾式加工においては、切り屑が凝着し刃先を覆うことにより、切削熱のほとんどが切り屑に流れることで,工具自体への伝達を妨げ、工具の高温軟化を抑制するといった作用が見込まれるため、Coを4%を越えてまで含有させる必要性はないといえる。
【0015】
CはMC型炭化物を形成し、耐摩耗性を改善する。しかしCの量があまりに多いと靱性が低下する。そこで、Cの重量比を0.6〜1.8%に限定した。Si及びMnは脱酸剤として添加するが、Si及びMnの量があまりに多いと靱性が低下する。そこで、Si及びMnの重量比をSi:1.2%以下、Mn:0.5%以下に限定した。Crは焼入れ性を高めるため3.5〜5.0%添加される。Crが3.5%より少ないと上記効果がないし、5.0%を超えると全体の靭性を低下させる。Mo:10%以下、W:21%以下としたが、Mo及びWはM6C型炭化物を形成し耐摩耗性を改善する。しかしMo及びWの量があまりに多いと靱性が低下する。
【0016】
【実施例】
次に本発明の実施例について説明する。表1は本発明鋼5,6、比較鋼1乃至4にて製作したソリッドホブ、ドリルの化学成分及びMC型炭化物の、最大等価円直径(μm)、等価円直径4μm以上の面積率(鍛造、圧延軸と平行する断面での面積率%)、等価円直径が4μm以上のMC型炭化物の最小長径短径比を示したものである。実際の光学画像測定マイクロスコープでは、MC型炭化物の、最大等価円直径(μm)、面積率及び最小長径短径比を顕微鏡画像で測定した。また、本発明高速度工具鋼は、エレクトロスラグ再溶解法により、不活性雰囲気によるO2、N2を含むガス成分の溶鋼への侵入を防止し、かつ溶解条件:溶解速度;400〜800kg/h、鋼塊外径を電極外径で割った比率を1.2〜1.7、に保持し、前記MC型炭化物粒のサイズを制御して製造した。
【0017】
【表1】

Figure 0003698656
【0018】
表2は本発明鋼5,6、比較鋼1乃至4の各鋼種を用いた試験片の焼入焼もどし硬さと抗折力を示したものである。抗折力は試験片サイズ5×10×75mm,標点距離60mmの中央一点荷重方式で求めた。発明鋼5,6の抗折力は、比較鋼1,3,4の各鋼種に比べ高い値を示し,粉末鋼である比較鋼2にも迫る靱性を示した。表3は表1の材料を用いた切削工具の切削試験結果を最大摩耗量で示したものである。表3中、実施例1は湿式ホブ切削試験結果、実施例2は乾式ホブ切削試験結果、実施例3はドリル切削試験結果(湿式)である
【0019】
【表2】
Figure 0003698656
【0020】
【表3】
Figure 0003698656
【0021】
図1は,発明鋼5,比較鋼1,2,3のMC炭化物の等価円直径のサイズ分布を示したものである。発明鋼5に示すように、本発明では特に、MC型炭化物の最大等価円直径を効果的に4〜10μmに制限するために、Coを0.01〜4%(ただし、4%を除く)に制限した。その結果、図1に示すように、発明鋼5は比較鋼1,2,3に比べ異なるMC炭化物サイズ分布、即ちMC型炭化物の最大等価円直径が4〜10μmとなるのに適した分布をしていることがわかる。
【0022】
(実施例1)
第一の実施例においては、表1の5,6に示す本発明鋼及び、1乃至4に示す比較鋼にてソリッドホブを製作し、湿式加工による切削試験を下記条件にて行った後、刃先部の摩耗量を計測した。
・工具形状:ソリッドホブ(外径:φ105、コーティング:チタン系膜(すくい面は除去))
・被削材 :SCM420H(硬さ:HV170)
・切削速度:130m/min
・切込深さ:7.995mm
・送り :2.2mm/rev
・切削長 :25m
・湿式
結果を表3の左欄の実施例1、図2および図3に示す。図2はソリッドホブの湿式加工における刃先部の最大逃げ面摩耗量、図3は最大クレータ摩耗量をMC型炭化物の最大等価円直径(μm)をパラメータとして示したものである。なお、湿式加工用ホブのすくい面は再研削後のコーティングなしの状況と同じとするため、最初からすくい面のコーティングを除去した。
【0023】
図2は、最大逃げ面摩耗量を各鋼中のMC型炭化物の最大等価円直径(μm)との関係として示したものであるが、その関係線図はおよそ7μmを底としたU字型形状であり、4〜10μmの間ではほぼ安定して摩耗量が少ない。例えば、本発明鋼5は従来の溶製高速度工具鋼である比較鋼1に比べて4.1倍、比較鋼3に比べ1.3倍、粉末高速度工具鋼である比較鋼2に比べ1.4倍優れている。尚、比較鋼1〜4の摩耗のほとんどは、刃先のマイクロチッピングによるものであった。図3は、最大クレータ摩耗量をMC型炭化物の最大等価円直径(μm)との関係として示したものであるが、その関係線図もまた7μmを底としたU字型形状であり、4〜10μmの間ではほぼ安定して摩耗量が少ない。例えば、本発明鋼5は溶製高速度工具鋼である比較鋼1に比べ4.5倍、比較鋼3に比べ1.4倍、粉末高速度工具鋼である比較鋼2に比べ1.5倍優れている。尚、比較鋼1〜4の摩耗は、刃先のチッピングによるものであった。
【0024】
(実施例2)
第二の実施例においては、表1に示す本発明鋼5,6、比較鋼1〜4を加工、熱処理、研削後、PVDによるチタン−合金系複合多層膜を施してソリッドホブを製作し、乾式加工による切削試験を下記条件にて行った後、刃先部の摩耗量を計測した。
・工具形状:ソリッドホブ(外径:φ105、コーティング:チタン−合金系複合多層膜(すくい面は除去))
・被削材 :SCM420H(硬さ:HV170)
・切削速度:200m/min
・切込深さ:7.995mm
・送り :2.2mm/rev
・切削長 :252m
・乾式
結果を表3の中欄の実施例2、図4および図5に示す。図4はソリッドホブの乾式加工における刃先部の最大逃げ面摩耗量をMC型炭化物の最大等価円直径をパラメータとして示したものである。図5は同刃先部の最大クレータ摩耗量をMC型炭化物の最大等価円直径をパラメータとして示したものである。なお、乾式加工用ホブのすくい面は再研削後のコーティングなしの状況と同じとするため、最初からすくい面のコーティングを除去した。
【0025】
図4は、最大逃げ面摩耗量を各鋼中のMC型炭化物の最大等価円直径との関係として示したものであるが、その関係線図もまた7μmを底としたU字型形状であり、4〜10μmの間ではほぼ安定して摩耗量が少ない。例えば、本発明鋼5は、従来の溶製高速度工具鋼である比較鋼1に比べ7倍、比較鋼3に比べ2倍、粉末高速度工具鋼である比較鋼2に比べ2.4倍優れている。さらに、実施例1の図2と比較すると、乾式加工の方がより効果が大きい。図5は、最大クレータ摩耗量を各鋼中のMC型炭化物の最大等価円直径との関係として示したものであるが、その関係線図もまた7μmを底としたU字型形状であり、4〜10μmの間ではほぼ安定して摩耗量が少ない。例えば、本発明鋼5は従来の溶製高速度工具鋼である比較鋼1に比べ6.7倍、比較鋼3に比べ3倍、粉末高速度工具鋼である比較鋼2に比べ3.5倍優れている。さらに、実施例1の図3と比較すると、乾式加工の方がより効果が大きい。
【0026】
(実施例3)
第三の実施例においては、表1に示す本発明鋼5,6、比較鋼1〜4にてドリルを製作し、湿式加工による切削試験を下記条件にて行い、穴あけ個数を調査した。
・工具形状:ドリル(外径:φ6)
・被削材 :SNC836(硬さ:HB286)
・切削速度:37.7m/min
・送り :0.10mm/rev
・穴深さ :20mm
・湿式
結果を表3の右欄,図6に示す。図6はドリルの湿式加工における穴あけ個数をMC型炭化物の最大等価円直径(μm)をパラメータとして示したものである。なお、実施例では刃先部コーティングの状態で切削試験を行った。
【0027】
図6は、穴あけ個数を各鋼中のMC型炭化物の最大等価円直径との関係として示したものであるが、その関係線図は7μmを頂点とした逆U字型形状であり、4〜10μmの間ではほぼ安定して穴あけ個数が大きい。例えば、本発明鋼5は従来の溶製高速度工具鋼である比較鋼1に比べ1.9倍、粉末高速度工具鋼である比較鋼2に比べ1.3倍優れている。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
以上述べた通り、本発明においては、材料である高速度工具鋼が重量比でVが2〜4%(ただし、4%を除く)、特に、Coが0.01〜4%(ただし、4%を除く)を含み、刃先部鋼中のMC型炭化物の最大等価円直径が4〜10μmであって、かつMC型炭化物の長径短径比が0.3以上の切削工具としたので、工具刃先部の摩耗、特にチッピングに対し、非常に優れたものとなった。好ましくは、等価円直径が4μm以上ののMC型炭化物粒の鍛造、圧延軸と平行する粒子断面での面積率が3〜8%とすれば、さらに高速度工具切削工具は刃先部の摩耗、特にチッピングを改善できる。さらに、乾式加工にも適した性質を有し、PVDによるチタン−合金系セラミックコーティング複合膜との相性も良く、刃先表面に、PVDによるチタン系もしくはチタン−合金系セラミックコーティングの一種または二種以上の複合膜を施すことにより、より耐摩耗性、耐チッピング性が向上し、乾式加工にあってより適したものである。
【0029】
したがって、ホブに代表される歯切工具全般の寿命改善、品質改善には非常に有効であり、特に、今後利用量増大が予想される乾式加工に優れた性能を発揮するものと期待される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明鋼のMC炭化物のサイズが2μm以上のものについて,等価円直径の分布を示したものである。本発明鋼5、比較鋼1〜3を用いて製作した試験片(サイズ22×27×500mm)を焼入焼もどし後,10%クロム酸で電解腐食し,光学画像測定マイクロスコープにて測定した。
【図2】本発明の第一の実施例の切削試験結果を示す。本発明鋼5,6、比較鋼1〜4にて製作したソリッドホブの湿式加工における刃先部の最大逃げ面摩耗量と各鋼中のMC型炭化物の最大等価円直径との関係を示したものである。
【図3】図2と同じく本発明の第一の実施例の切削試験結果であり、刃先部の最大クレータ摩耗量と各鋼中のMC型炭化物の最大等価円直径との関係を示したものである。
【図4】本発明の第二の実施例の切削試験結果を示す。本発明鋼5,6、比較鋼1〜4にて製作したソリッドホブの乾式加工における刃先部の最大逃げ面摩耗量と各鋼中のMC型炭化物の最大等価円直径との関係を示したものである。
【図5】図4と同じく本発明の第二の実施例の切削試験結果であり、刃先部の最大クレータ摩耗量と各鋼中のMC型炭化物の最大等価円直径との関係を示したものである。
【図6】本発明の第三の実施例の切削試験結果を示す。本発明鋼5,6、比較鋼1〜4にて製作したドリルの湿式加工における穴あけ個数と各鋼中のMC型炭化物の最大等価円直径との関係を示したものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cutting tool such as a hob or a drill using a high-speed tool steel containing hard MC-type carbide as a cutting edge portion.
[0002]
[Prior art]
High-speed tool steel and cemented carbide are generally used as cutting tool materials represented by hobbs and drills. As high-speed tool steel for cutting tools, steel containing 2% or more of V has been developed in order to provide high hardness, wear resistance, and heat resistance. On the other hand, cemented carbide is very hard, but on the other hand, it is brittle, so it has very good wear resistance and heat resistance compared to high-speed tool steel. Since the processing cost is also expensive, the actual range of use is limited in terms of quality reliability and economy. Therefore, in particular, in the hob that performs intermittent cutting, most are made of high-speed tool steel, and only a part is made of cemented carbide.
[0003]
For such a cutting tool, high-speed tool steel enriches hard MC-type carbides containing V as a main component, and therefore usually contains 2% or more of V. However, in the conventional melted high speed tool steel, when V is 3% or more, the larger the V content, the easier this MC type carbide is to be coarsened and elongated rectangular, and not only the grindability is deteriorated, There was a problem that the toughness was lowered, and chipping and breakage of the cutting edge portion starting from the MC type carbide were liable to occur. In addition, although powder high-speed tool steel has the advantage of increasing the V content and enriching MC type carbide, its size becomes too fine, resulting in insufficient wear resistance and large wear on the cutting edge. There is a problem that the tool life is short although the material is expensive.
[0004]
In the case of a hob for wet processing, the entire surface of the cutting edge is initially coated with titanium or titanium-alloy ceramic by PVD, but the rake face coating is completely removed after regrinding. Therefore, the heat resistance and wear resistance of the high-speed tool steel itself are required. In addition, dry processing hobbs that do not require cutting oil are hard, tough to withstand the impact of intermittent cutting, and have excellent heat resistance, wear resistance, A coating film having excellent properties, oxidation resistance and lubricity is required, and a material having good compatibility with the coating film is required.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of this, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-84704 previously invented by the present applicant has proposed a cutting tool using a melted high speed steel in which hard MC carbides are finely dispersed. However, as cutting conditions become more severe, the high-speed tool has a problem of relatively large wear with microchipping. The subject of this invention is providing the cutting tool which has the further outstanding chipping resistance in view of the problem which concerns.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of experiments conducted on solid hobbs and drills using various high-speed tool steels, the inventors of the present invention have a cutting edge portion that has excellent grindability, toughness, wear resistance, and excellent chipping resistance. In order to obtain a tool, not only is the area ratio of the hard MC type carbide limited to an appropriate range, and the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is limited to as large a value as possible so that the shape of the MC type carbide approximates a spherical shape. It was newly learned that it is important to limit the MC type carbide to a size of 4 to 10 μm. That is, forging of MC type carbide having an equivalent circular diameter of 4 μm or more in high-speed tool steel including V: 2 to 4% (excluding 4%) , the area ratio in the cross section parallel to the rolling axis is 3 to 3%. It has been found that not only the major axis / minor axis ratio of the MC type carbide is 0.3 or more, but the maximum equivalent circular diameter of the MC type carbide needs to be 4 to 10 μm. .
[0007]
Furthermore, in the aforementioned Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-84704, the amount of Co is in the range of 4 to 10%, but in order to effectively limit the maximum equivalent circular diameter of such MC type carbide to 4 to 10 μm. Knew that Co should be limited to 0.01-4% (excluding 4%) .
[0008]
Further, it was confirmed that this steel for a cutting tool has a good compatibility with a composite film of titanium-alloy ceramic coating by PVD, and has further excellent chipping resistance in dry processing than in wet processing. In addition, the equivalent circular diameter of MC type carbide means the diameter of a circle when the area of the particle cross section of MC type carbide is replaced with the area of a circle. Moreover, the maximum equivalent circular diameter of MC type carbide means the equivalent circular diameter of the largest carbide among MC type carbides.
[0009]
Based on this knowledge, in the first invention of the present invention, in the cutting tool having a cutting blade made of high-speed tool steel, the high-speed tool steel is in% by weight, and C: 0.6 to 1.8%. , Si: 1.2% or less, Mn: 0.5% or less, Cr: 3.5 to 5.0%, Mo: 10% or less, W: 21% or less, and further in wt%, V: MC type carbides in cutting edge steel, including 2-4% (excluding 4%) , especially Co: 0.01-4% (excluding 4%) , the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities The maximum equivalent circle diameter, which is the largest equivalent circle diameter among the equivalent circle diameters, which is the diameter of the circle when the area of the particle section of the largest carbide grain among the grains is replaced with the area of the circle, is 4-10 μm, In addition, the ratio of major axis to minor axis of the cross section of the MC type carbide grains having an equivalent circular diameter of 4 μm or more is 0.3 Solves the above problems by providing a cutting tool according to claim Rukoto.
[0010]
Preferably, the cutting tool may be characterized in that the area ratio in the particle cross-section parallel to the rolling axis is 3 to 8% forging of MC type carbide grains having an equivalent circular diameter of 4 μm or more. In addition, forging of MC type carbide grains, the particle cross section parallel to the rolling axis is, for example, a cross section of a particle cut along the axial direction of the round steel or square steel, that is, the longitudinal direction, for round steel or square steel of high-speed tool steel. It is. In an actual optical image measurement microscope, the area ratio is obtained by dividing the total area of each MC-type carbide particle cross section that appears on the microscope screen and whose equivalent circular diameter is 4 μm or more by the area of the screen itself. Value. Furthermore, wear resistance and chipping resistance are further improved by applying one or more composite films of titanium-based or titanium-alloy-based ceramic coating by PVD to at least the cutting edge surface of the cutting tool. Such a cutting tool is more suitable for dry machining.
[0011]
More preferably, the high-speed tool steel prevents intrusion of gas components including O 2 and N 2 into the molten steel by an inert atmosphere by an electroslag remelting method, and a melting condition: melting rate: 400 to 800 kg / H, the ratio obtained by dividing the outer diameter of the steel ingot by the outer diameter of the electrode is maintained at 1.2 to 1.7, and the size of the MC type carbide grains is controlled.
[0012]
(Function)
Below, the maximum equivalent circular diameter of MC type carbide in the high-speed tool steel at the cutting edge of the cutting tool of the present invention, the area ratio of MC type carbide and the major axis / minor axis ratio in the cross section parallel to the rolling axis are as described above. State the reason for the limitation. Cutting tools using powder high-speed tool steel whose maximum equivalent circular diameter of MC type carbide in the cutting edge steel is less than 4μm is easy to wear because MC type carbide is easily removed together with the base material by adhesion wear and oxidation wear. Tool life is short.
[0013]
On the other hand, when the maximum equivalent circular diameter of the MC type carbide in the cutting edge part steel exceeds 10 μm and the area ratio of the MC type carbide having an equivalent circular diameter of 4 μm or more in the cutting edge part steel exceeds 8%, it becomes very brittle. Therefore, it becomes easy to cause chipping with the MC type carbide as a starting point of fracture. In particular, when the shape of the MC-type carbide is coarse and elongated squares with a major axis / minor axis ratio of less than 0.3, it is difficult to grind, and chipping is more likely to occur, resulting in tool breakage. On the other hand, when the area ratio of the MC type carbide is less than 3%, it is very easy to wear and the tool life is shortened. Therefore, the maximum equivalent circle diameter of the MC type carbide in the cutting edge steel is 4 to 10 μm, the forging of the MC type carbide having an equivalent circle diameter of 4 μm or more, and the area ratio in the cross section parallel to the rolling axis is 3 to 8%. The major axis / minor axis ratio is limited to 0.3 or more. About this effect | action, it obtains similarly with all the high-speed tool steels regardless of melt high-speed tool steel and powder high-speed tool steel.
[0014]
In particular, the reason why the Co weight ratio is limited to 0.01 to 4 % (excluding 4%) is that the heat resistance of the steel improves as the amount of Co increases, and the heat resistance as a cutting tool material is obtained. However, if it exceeds 4%, the MC carbide size becomes relatively large, and the toughness of the matrix in which a large amount of Co is dissolved is reduced, so that it is easy to cause tool damage such as chipping and cracking. It was because of it. Furthermore, in dry machining, chips adhere and cover the cutting edge, so that most of the cutting heat flows to the chips, preventing transmission to the tool itself and suppressing high-temperature softening of the tool. Therefore, it can be said that there is no need to contain Co beyond 4%.
[0015]
C forms MC type carbide and improves wear resistance. However, if the amount of C is too large, the toughness decreases. Therefore, the weight ratio of C is limited to 0.6 to 1.8%. Si and Mn are added as deoxidizers, but if the amounts of Si and Mn are too large, the toughness decreases. Therefore, the weight ratio of Si and Mn was limited to Si: 1.2% or less and Mn: 0.5% or less. Cr is added in an amount of 3.5 to 5.0% in order to improve hardenability. When Cr is less than 3.5%, the above effect is not obtained, and when it exceeds 5.0%, the overall toughness is lowered. Although Mo: 10% or less and W: 21% or less, Mo and W form M 6 C-type carbides to improve wear resistance. However, when the amounts of Mo and W are too large, the toughness is lowered.
[0016]
【Example】
Next, examples of the present invention will be described. Table 1 shows the maximum equivalent circle diameter (μm) and the area ratio of the equivalent circle diameter of 4 μm or more (solid forging, solid hob, chemical components of drills and MC type carbides manufactured with the inventive steels 5 and 6 and comparative steels 1 to 4. This shows the minimum major axis / minor axis ratio of MC type carbides having an equivalent circular diameter of 4 μm or more in the cross section parallel to the rolling axis). In the actual optical image measurement microscope, the maximum equivalent circular diameter (μm), the area ratio, and the minimum major axis / minor axis ratio of the MC type carbide were measured with a microscope image. Further, the high-speed tool steel of the present invention prevents invasion of gas components containing O 2 and N 2 into the molten steel by an inert atmosphere by the electroslag remelting method, and the melting condition: melting rate: 400 to 800 kg / h, The ratio obtained by dividing the outer diameter of the steel ingot by the outer diameter of the electrode was maintained at 1.2 to 1.7, and the size of the MC type carbide particles was controlled.
[0017]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003698656
[0018]
Table 2 shows the quenching and tempering hardness and bending strength of the test pieces using the steel types of the present invention steels 5 and 6 and comparative steels 1 to 4. The bending strength was determined by a central one-point load method with a test piece size of 5 × 10 × 75 mm and a gauge distance of 60 mm. The bending strengths of the inventive steels 5 and 6 were higher than those of the comparative steels 1, 3 and 4, and the toughness approaching that of the comparative steel 2 which is a powder steel. Table 3 shows cutting test results of cutting tools using the materials shown in Table 1 in terms of maximum wear. In Table 3, Example 1 is a wet hob cutting test result, Example 2 is a dry hob cutting test result, and Example 3 is a drill cutting test result (wet).
[Table 2]
Figure 0003698656
[0020]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003698656
[0021]
FIG. 1 shows the size distribution of the equivalent circular diameters of MC carbides of invention steel 5, comparative steels 1, 2 and 3. As shown in Invention Steel 5, in the present invention, in order to effectively limit the maximum equivalent circular diameter of MC type carbide to 4 to 10 μm, Co is 0.01 to 4% (except 4%). Restricted to. As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, the inventive steel 5 has a different MC carbide size distribution compared to the comparative steels 1, 2 and 3, that is, a distribution suitable for the maximum equivalent circular diameter of the MC type carbide to be 4 to 10 μm. You can see that
[0022]
(Example 1)
In the first embodiment, a solid hob is manufactured from the steels according to the present invention shown in Tables 5 and 6 and the comparative steels shown in Tables 1 to 4, and a cutting test by wet processing is performed under the following conditions. The amount of wear of the part was measured.
・ Tool shape: Solid hob (Outer diameter: φ105, Coating: Titanium film (Drake surface removed))
-Work material: SCM420H (Hardness: HV170)
・ Cutting speed: 130 m / min
-Depth of cut: 7.995mm
・ Feeding: 2.2mm / rev
・ Cutting length: 25m
The wet results are shown in Example 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 in the left column of Table 3. FIG. 2 shows the maximum flank wear amount of the cutting edge in wet hobbing of the solid hob, and FIG. 3 shows the maximum crater wear amount as a parameter of the maximum equivalent circular diameter (μm) of MC carbide. In addition, since the rake face of the hob for wet processing is the same as that without the coating after regrinding, the coating of the rake face was removed from the beginning.
[0023]
FIG. 2 shows the maximum flank wear amount as a relationship with the maximum equivalent circular diameter (μm) of MC type carbides in each steel. The relationship diagram is a U-shape with a bottom of about 7 μm. It is a shape, and the wear amount is almost stable between 4 and 10 μm. For example, the steel 5 of the present invention is 4.1 times that of the comparative steel 1 that is a conventional high-speed tool steel, 1.3 times that of the comparative steel 3, and the comparative steel 2 that is a powder high-speed tool steel. 1.4 times better. Note that most of the wear of the comparative steels 1 to 4 was due to microchipping of the cutting edge. FIG. 3 shows the maximum amount of crater wear as a relationship with the maximum equivalent circular diameter (μm) of the MC type carbide. The relationship diagram is also a U-shape with a bottom of 7 μm. The amount of wear is almost stable between 10 μm and 10 μm. For example, the inventive steel 5 is 4.5 times the comparative steel 1 which is a high-speed tool steel for melting, 1.4 times the comparative steel 3 and 1.5 times the comparative steel 2 which is a powder high-speed tool steel. Times better. The wear of the comparative steels 1 to 4 was due to chipping of the blade edge.
[0024]
(Example 2)
In the second embodiment, the inventive steels 5 and 6 and comparative steels 1 to 4 shown in Table 1 are processed, heat-treated and ground, and then a solid hob is manufactured by applying a titanium-alloy composite multilayer film by PVD. After performing a cutting test by machining under the following conditions, the amount of wear of the blade edge portion was measured.
・ Tool shape: Solid hob (Outer diameter: φ105, Coating: Titanium-alloy composite multilayer film (removal of rake face))
-Work material: SCM420H (Hardness: HV170)
・ Cutting speed: 200 m / min
-Depth of cut: 7.995mm
・ Feeding: 2.2mm / rev
・ Cutting length: 252m
The dry results are shown in Example 2, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 in the middle column of Table 3. FIG. 4 shows the maximum flank wear amount at the cutting edge in dry machining of solid hob using the maximum equivalent circular diameter of MC carbide as a parameter. FIG. 5 shows the maximum amount of crater wear at the cutting edge with the maximum equivalent circular diameter of the MC carbide as a parameter. In addition, since the rake face of the hob for dry processing is the same as that without the coating after regrinding, the rake face coating was removed from the beginning.
[0025]
Fig. 4 shows the maximum flank wear as a relationship with the maximum equivalent circular diameter of MC type carbides in each steel. The relationship diagram is also a U-shape with a bottom of 7 µm . Yes, the wear amount is almost stable between 4 and 10 μm . For example, the steel 5 of the present invention is 7 times the comparative steel 1 which is a conventional high speed tool steel, 2 times the comparative steel 3, and 2.4 times the comparative steel 2 which is a powder high speed tool steel. Are better. Furthermore, compared with FIG. 2 of Example 1, the dry process is more effective. Fig. 5 shows the maximum crater wear as a relationship with the maximum equivalent circular diameter of MC type carbides in each steel. The relationship diagram is also U-shaped with a bottom of 7 µm . Between 4 and 10 μm , the wear amount is almost stable and small. For example, the steel 5 of the present invention is 6.7 times the comparative steel 1 which is a conventional high speed tool steel, 3 times the comparative steel 3, and 3.5 times the comparative steel 2 which is a powder high speed tool steel. Times better. Furthermore, compared with FIG. 3 of Example 1, the dry process is more effective.
[0026]
(Example 3)
In the third embodiment, drills were manufactured using the inventive steels 5 and 6 and comparative steels 1 to 4 shown in Table 1, and a cutting test by wet processing was performed under the following conditions, and the number of holes drilled was investigated.
・ Tool shape: Drill (outer diameter: φ6)
-Work material: SNC836 (Hardness: HB286)
・ Cutting speed: 37.7 m / min
・ Feeding: 0.10mm / rev
-Hole depth: 20mm
-The wet results are shown in the right column of Table 3 in FIG. FIG. 6 shows the number of drill holes in wet machining of the drill as a parameter with the maximum equivalent circular diameter (μm) of MC type carbide. In the examples, the cutting test was performed in the state of the cutting edge coating.
[0027]
FIG. 6 shows the number of drilled holes as a relationship with the maximum equivalent circular diameter of MC type carbide in each steel. The relationship diagram is an inverted U-shaped shape with a peak at 7 μm. Between 10 μm, the number of drilled holes is almost stable and large. For example, the inventive steel 5 is 1.9 times superior to the comparative steel 1 which is a conventional high-speed tool steel, and 1.3 times superior to the comparative steel 2 which is a powder high-speed tool steel.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
Above mentioned above, in the present invention, V is 2-4% in high-speed tool steel weight is a material (excluding 4%), in particular, Co is 0.01 to 4% (provided that 4 % include the excluded), the maximum equivalent circle diameter of the MC-type carbides in the cutting edge steel a 4 to 10 [mu] m, and since the major axis minor diameter ratio of the MC type carbide has a 0.3 or more cutting tools, tool It was very excellent against wear of the blade edge part, particularly chipping. Preferably, forging of MC-type carbide grains having an equivalent circular diameter of 4 μm or more, if the area ratio in the particle cross section parallel to the rolling axis is 3 to 8%, the high-speed tool cutting tool further wears the cutting edge. Especially chipping can be improved. Furthermore, it has properties suitable for dry processing, has good compatibility with PVD titanium-alloy ceramic coating composite film, and one or more types of titanium or titanium-alloy ceramic coating by PVD on the blade edge surface By applying the composite film, wear resistance and chipping resistance are further improved, which is more suitable for dry processing.
[0029]
Therefore, it is very effective in improving the life and quality of hobbing tools represented by hobbs in general, and is expected to exhibit particularly excellent performance in dry machining, which is expected to increase in use in the future.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows the distribution of equivalent circular diameters for MC carbides of the present invention having a size of 2 μm or more. Test specimens (size 22 × 27 × 500 mm) manufactured using Invention Steel 5 and Comparative Steels 1 to 3 were quenched and tempered, then electrolytically corroded with 10% chromic acid, and measured with an optical image measurement microscope. .
FIG. 2 shows a cutting test result of the first embodiment of the present invention. This shows the relationship between the maximum flank wear amount of the cutting edge and the maximum equivalent circular diameter of MC type carbide in each steel in the wet processing of the solid hob manufactured with the invention steels 5 and 6 and comparative steels 1 to 4. is there.
FIG. 3 shows the results of the cutting test of the first embodiment of the present invention, similar to FIG. 2, showing the relationship between the maximum crater wear at the blade edge and the maximum equivalent circular diameter of MC carbide in each steel. It is.
FIG. 4 shows a cutting test result of the second embodiment of the present invention. It shows the relationship between the maximum flank wear amount of the cutting edge and the maximum equivalent circular diameter of MC type carbide in each steel in the dry processing of the solid hob manufactured with the inventive steels 5 and 6 and comparative steels 1 to 4. is there.
FIG. 5 shows the results of the cutting test of the second embodiment of the present invention, similar to FIG. 4, showing the relationship between the maximum crater wear of the blade edge and the maximum equivalent circular diameter of MC type carbide in each steel. It is.
FIG. 6 shows a cutting test result of the third example of the present invention. It shows the relationship between the number of holes in the wet machining of drills manufactured with the inventive steels 5 and 6 and comparative steels 1 to 4 and the maximum equivalent circular diameter of MC type carbides in each steel.

Claims (5)

高速度工具鋼製の切刃を有する切削工具において、前記高速度工具鋼は、重量%で、C:0.6〜1.8%,Si:1.2%以下,Mn:0.5%以下,Cr:3.5〜5.0%,Mo:10%以下,W:21%以下,V:2〜4%(ただし、4%を除く)を含み、さらに重量%で、Co:0.01〜4%(ただし、4%を除く)に制限され、残余がFe及び不可避不純物よりなり、刃先部鋼中のMC型炭化物粒のうち最大の炭化物粒の粒子断面の面積を円の面積として置き換えた場合の円の直径である等価円直径のうちの最大の等価円直径である最大等価円直径が4〜10μmであって、かつ、等価円直径が4μm以上の前記MC型炭化物粒の粒子断面の長径短径比が0.3以上であることを特徴とする切削工具。In a cutting tool having a cutting edge made of high-speed tool steel, the high-speed tool steel is, by weight%, C: 0.6 to 1.8%, Si: 1.2% or less, Mn: 0.5% Hereinafter, including Cr: 3.5 to 5.0%, Mo: 10% or less, W: 21% or less, V: 2 to 4% (excluding 4%) , and further by weight%, Co: 0 0.01% to 4 % (excluding 4%) , the remainder is made of Fe and inevitable impurities, and the area of the cross section of the largest carbide grain of MC type carbide grains in the cutting edge steel is the area of the circle Of the MC type carbide grains having a maximum equivalent circle diameter of 4 to 10 μm and an equivalent circle diameter of 4 μm or more. A cutting tool having a major axis / minor axis ratio of 0.3 or more in particle cross section. 等価円直径が4μm以上の前記MC型炭化物粒の鍛造、圧延軸と平行する粒子断面での面積率が3〜8%であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の切削工具。2. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein an area ratio of the MC-type carbide grains having an equivalent circular diameter of 4 μm or more is 3-8% in a particle cross section parallel to the rolling axis. 前記切削工具の少なくとも刃先表面に、PVDによるチタン系もしくはチタン−合金系セラミックコーティングの一種または二種以上の複合膜が施されていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2のいずれかに記載の切削工具。3. The composite film of one type or two or more types of titanium-based or titanium-alloy-based ceramic coating by PVD is applied to at least the cutting edge surface of the cutting tool. Cutting tools. 前記高速度工具鋼は、エレクトロスラグ再溶解法により、不活性雰囲気によるO2、N2を含むガス成分の溶鋼への侵入を防止し、かつ溶解条件:溶解速度;400〜800kg/h、鋼塊外径を電極外径で割った比率を1.2〜1.7、に保持し、前記MC型炭化物粒のサイズを制御して製造したことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか一に記載の切削工具。The high-speed tool steel uses an electroslag remelting method to prevent gas components including O 2 and N 2 from entering into the molten steel due to an inert atmosphere, and melting conditions: melting rate: 400 to 800 kg / h, steel The ratio of the outer diameter of the lump divided by the outer diameter of the electrode is maintained at 1.2 to 1.7, and the size of the MC-type carbide grains is controlled and manufactured. The cutting tool according to one. 前記切削工具は乾式加工に使用されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか一に記載の切削工具。The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cutting tool is used for dry machining.
JP2001171373A 2001-06-06 2001-06-06 Cutting tools Expired - Fee Related JP3698656B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2001171373A JP3698656B2 (en) 2001-06-06 2001-06-06 Cutting tools

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2001171373A JP3698656B2 (en) 2001-06-06 2001-06-06 Cutting tools

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2002361503A JP2002361503A (en) 2002-12-18
JP3698656B2 true JP3698656B2 (en) 2005-09-21

Family

ID=19013149

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2001171373A Expired - Fee Related JP3698656B2 (en) 2001-06-06 2001-06-06 Cutting tools

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3698656B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5561601B2 (en) * 2010-03-25 2014-07-30 日立金属株式会社 Steel cutting method
JP5510665B2 (en) * 2010-09-21 2014-06-04 三菱マテリアル株式会社 Alloy steel with excellent high temperature temper softening resistance
DE102017011978A1 (en) * 2017-12-22 2019-06-27 Gleason-Pfauter Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Method for machining toothings and gear cutting machine
CN111041420A (en) * 2019-12-27 2020-04-21 采埃孚汽车科技(张家港)有限公司 Broach tool and preparation method thereof
CN121496262B (en) * 2026-01-09 2026-04-17 浙江正达金属材料有限公司 Preparation process of directional high-speed steel band saw blade steel wire

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2002361503A (en) 2002-12-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP5328331B2 (en) Steel materials for wear-resistant quenched and tempered parts and manufacturing method
WO2009116933A9 (en) Steel, process for the manufacture of a steel blank and process for the manufacture of a component of the steel
JP2003226939A (en) Hot tool steel
CN101652490A (en) tool
JP2006316309A (en) High wear-resistant toughness steel with excellent fatigue strength
JP6207408B2 (en) Stainless steel with excellent machinability, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance
WO2018043534A1 (en) Roll outer layer material for rolling, and composite roll for rolling
EP1270757A1 (en) Machine structural steel being free of lead, excellent in machinability and reduced in strength anisotropy
RU2437951C2 (en) Steel for cold treatment of metals
JP2725333B2 (en) Powder high speed tool steel
JP2019116688A (en) Powder high speed tool steel
JP4210331B2 (en) How to use steel as a cutting tool holder
CN101688274B (en) Low carbon sulfur free cutting steel
JP3698656B2 (en) Cutting tools
JP4023196B2 (en) Machine structural steel with excellent machinability
WO2018042929A1 (en) Roll outer layer material for rolling, and composite roll for rolling
JP3901582B2 (en) Free cutting steel for mold
JP2010242123A (en) Steel for machine structure having excellent machinability
JP6801541B2 (en) Mechanical steel and its cutting method
JP6772915B2 (en) Cold tool steel
JP4013706B2 (en) Machine structural steel with excellent machinability and high chip crushability
JP2006089823A (en) High speed tool steel mold
US6180266B1 (en) Cutting tool
JP5561601B2 (en) Steel cutting method
JPH05171373A (en) Powder high speed tool steel

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20041217

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20050222

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20050422

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20050628

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20050705

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Ref document number: 3698656

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090715

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090715

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100715

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100715

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110715

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110715

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120715

Year of fee payment: 7

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120715

Year of fee payment: 7

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130715

Year of fee payment: 8

S531 Written request for registration of change of domicile

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313531

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees