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JP3700925B2 - Unit water volume measuring device for concrete - Google Patents
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JP3700925B2 - Unit water volume measuring device for concrete - Google Patents

Unit water volume measuring device for concrete Download PDF

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JP3700925B2
JP3700925B2 JP2000282725A JP2000282725A JP3700925B2 JP 3700925 B2 JP3700925 B2 JP 3700925B2 JP 2000282725 A JP2000282725 A JP 2000282725A JP 2000282725 A JP2000282725 A JP 2000282725A JP 3700925 B2 JP3700925 B2 JP 3700925B2
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sample
weight
concrete
measuring
unit
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JP2002090279A (en
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隆 遠藤
正治 高橋
紘一 吉田
多四郎 樋口
博之 三留
寛之 田名瀬
洋一 吉川
長一 橋田
浩明 田代
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社団法人北陸建設弘済会
国土交通省北陸地方整備局長
日本道路公団
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、フレッシュコンクリートの単位水量を測定するコンクリートの単位水量測定装置に関する。
【0002】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来、コンクリートの強度は、打設してから4週間後の圧縮強度試験で求めた値で判定するため、判定時には既にコンクリート構造物が完成しており、万一強度不足が発生すると、その構造物を破壊し、再施工を行わなければならないという問題がある。
【0003】
そして、固化後のコンクリートの強度は、まだ固まる前のコンクリート、すなわちフレッシュコンクリートの水セメント比により判定することができることが知られており、このためにコンクリートの水セメント比を測定し、コンクリートの強度を判定する方法が種々提案されているが、いずれも実用性に乏しい面があった。例えば、フレッシュコンクリートの単位水量を測定する方法として、特開昭64−20448号公報には、まだ固まらないコンクリート中に、水に易液性の物質を定量投入して、同物質がコンクリート中に拡散したのち、同コンクリートより液を抽出して同液中における前記物質の濃度を測定し、コンクリートの含水量を計測する固化前のコンクリートの水分計測法が提案され、また、特開昭62−106368号公報には、まだ固まらないコンクリートやモルタル等の一部を取り出して試料とし、試料中のイオンを特定し、特定したイオン濃度を測定し、特定したイオンの試料中における同種のイオンを、試料に対して一定量添加し、イオン添加後の試料について添加したイオンの濃度を測定し、イオン添加前後のイオン濃度を測定し、イオン添加前後のイオン濃度の変化により、まだ固まらないコンクリートコンクリートやモルタルに含まれる単位水量を求めるコンクリート等の単位水量測定方法が提案されているが、これらのものは、前記物質を加えたり、イオンを加えたりする方法であるため、測定作業が煩雑になると共に、セメントと水との水和作用により正確な測定が困難になることが予想される。
【0004】
そこで上記特開昭64−20448号公報の第1頁左欄の第16〜19行に記載されているように、コンクリート中の含水分を測定する際、加熱によりコンクリート中の水分を蒸発させ、同水分の蒸発前後のコンクリートの重量差を比較する方法、所謂加熱乾燥方法を用い、この加熱乾燥方法の測定精度を高めて正確な単位水量を測定することが試みられている。
【0005】
上記従来の加熱乾燥方法では、大掛かりな加熱装置が必要になること、比較的長い乾燥時間が必要になること、加熱温度が高温になることなどの問題があった。特に加熱の時間が長くなるとともに、加熱温度が高温になると、セメントの水和が促進され、水がセメントに結合水として取り込まれるため、蒸発前後のコンクリートの重量差を測定しても正しい単位水量を測定することが困難になる問題があった。
【0006】
ところで、コンクリートの単位水量を測定するものとは異なるが、特開平2−151728号公報には、紡績工業などにおける原綿や原毛(公報第1頁右欄第17行)を測定するための真空乾燥秤量装置があり、特開平4−140640号公報には、食品、薬品あるいは原材料等の分野において、物品の水分率や揮発分率、ないしは水分量や揮発分量等を測定するための装置(公報第1頁左欄第20行〜第2頁右欄第2行)があるが、これらはセメントの水和反応などを考慮したものとは異なり、コンクリートの単位水量の測定に適するものではない。
【0007】
そこで、特開平8−338838号公報には、フレッシュコンクリートからモルタル試料を採取し、この試料の重量を測定し、この試料を減圧空間内で加熱し、水分が蒸発した後、試料の重量を測定し、水分蒸発後の試料の重量差により推定単位水量を求めるコンクリートの単位水量測定方法(特許請求の範囲)及び装置が提案され、この単位水量測定方法では、減圧空間内で試料を加熱するため、水の沸点が下がり、比較的低温で短時間にて水が蒸発する。また、低温でかつ短時間で水が蒸発するため、セメントの水和による結合水の発生が抑制され、蒸発前後の試料の重量を測定することにより、結合水の影響の少ない正確な推定単位水量を得ることができる(公報第0011段)旨記載されている。
【0008】
このように上記コンクリートの単位水量測定方法及び装置では、低温でかつ短時間で水が蒸発するため、推定単位水量を比較的正確に測定することができる。そして、特開平8−338838号公報では、乾燥装置により試料を減圧乾燥し、減圧乾燥前後の試料の重量を計量演算装置により測定するようにしており、測定中に試料を乾燥装置と計量演算装置との間で移し変える必要があり、乾燥装置と計量演算装置を別々とし、2つの装置を必要とするため、合計した全体重量が大になると共に、現場においてスペースを取るという問題が予想される。すなわち、上記コンクリートの単位水量測定方法に用いる装置では、乾燥と測定とを行い、かつ電子天秤などの正確な重量計測器を用いるため、この重量計測器が乾燥時の熱の影響を受けないようにしなければならず、この点から乾燥装置と計量演算装置とを別体としていた。また、コンクリートの推定単位水量を測定するものではないが、上記特開平2−151728号公報の真空乾燥秤量装置では、乾燥機本体外(1)の上部に電子秤量装置(3)を配置(第1図)し、特開平4−140640号公報の装置では、重量検出部(1)と試料加熱部(5)とを並べて配置(第1図)しているが、いずれもスペースを取り、装置が大型する問題を解決するものではなかった。
【0009】
また、乾燥と測定とを別々で行うため、実際に乾燥及び重量測定を行う以外に装置間において試料を移動のための手間と時間とがかかり、測定に時間を要すると精度が低下する問題がある。また、加熱後の試料を計量演算装置に移動する際、試料がまだ熱いと注意を要する。また、使用者の修練度により移動時間にばらつきが発生すると、測定値の信頼性を損ねる虞もある。また、測定開始から終了までの間に試料の移動及び各装置の蓋体の開閉が行われるため、試料が外気に晒されて測定誤差が発生したり、あるいは試料皿の移動の際や蓋体を開いた際に作業者のミスが発生したり、データ改ざんの疑義が生じる虞もあり、測定値への信頼性を損ねる可能性がある。
【0010】
そこで、本発明は、小型化が可能で、測定値の信頼性が高いコンクリートの単位水量測定装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1の発明は、フレッシュコンクリートからモルタル試料を採取し、この試料の重量を測定し、この試料を減圧下で加熱し、水分が蒸発した後、試料の重量を測定し、水分蒸発後の試料の重量差により推定単位水量を求めるコンクリートの単位水量測定装置において、機本体と、この機本体内に設けた試料室と、この試料室に設けられた開閉部と、この開閉部から前記試料室内に出し入れ可能な試料皿と、前記機本体に設けられ前記試料皿の重量を測定する重量測定手段と、前記機本体に設けられ前記試料皿内の試料を減圧下で加熱する減圧加熱手段と、前記開閉部の開閉を検出する開閉検出手段と、前記試料皿を昇降する昇降手段とを備え、前記昇降手段により、前記試料皿を前記重量測定手段が支持して測定する重量測定位置と、前記支持が解除された非重量測定位置とに昇降し、前記試料室に前記試料皿の上部を開閉可能な蓋体を設け、前記試料皿の昇降により前記蓋体が該試料皿の上部を開閉し、前記蓋体に減圧手段を接続し、前記蓋体の下面を加熱する結露防止用加熱手段を備えるものである。
【0012】
この請求項1の構成によれば、機本体内の試料室において、試料皿に試料を入れて開閉部を閉じた後、開閉部を開くことなく、試料皿内の試料の重量測定、減圧加熱、減圧加熱後の重量測定を行うことができ、開閉部を開くと、これを開閉検出部により検出することができる。したがって、測定時に試料室を開くとこれを検出できる。
【0013】
また、試料皿の重量を測定する場合は、支持杆により試料皿を支持して重量を測定し、昇降手段により昇降載置部を上昇して非重量測定位置に試料皿を移動すれば、試料皿は重量測定装置の支持杆と非接触位置となり、この非重量測定位置では試料皿の熱が重量測定装置の支持杆側に接触状態で伝わることがない。
【0014】
さらに、昇降装置により試料皿を上昇すると、試料皿の上部に蓋体が被さり、該試料皿の上部が閉成され、昇降装置により試料皿を下降すると、試料皿の上部から蓋体が外れ、このように試料皿を重量測定位置と非重量測定位置とに昇降する昇降装置により、試料皿を昇降して該試料皿の上部を開閉することができる。
【0015】
しかも、蓋体により試料皿の上部を閉成し、その蓋体に接続した減圧手段により試料皿内を減圧することができ、特に、前記蓋体の下面を加熱する結露防止用加熱手段を備えるから、減圧加熱時における蓋体下面の結露の発生を防止し、下面から水滴が落下することがなく、所定の乾燥時間で試料を均一に乾燥することができる。
【0016】
また、請求項2の発明は、前記試料室内の試料皿の下方に前記重量測定手段を配置したものである。
【0017】
この請求項2の構成によれば、減圧加熱される試料皿より下方に重量測定手段を配置したから、その重量測定手段は、試料皿の加熱時における熱の影響が少なくなる。
【0018】
しかも、請求項の発明は、前記開閉部は起伏可能に枢着された開閉扉であり、この開閉扉の下方に前記試料室が配置され、その開閉扉の内面に前記蓋体を設けたものである。
【0019】
この請求項の構成によれば、開閉扉を開けば、蓋体が試料皿の上部位置から外れるから、試料皿の上方が開放され、試料室からの試料皿の出し入れや、試料室の試料皿への試料の注入などを容易に行うことができる。
【0020】
【発明の実施形態】
以下、本発明の実施例を添付の図面を参照して説明すると、図1〜図12は本発明の一実施例を示し、単位水量測定装置1は、縦長の箱型をなす機本体2内の上部に試料室3を有し、この試料室3の上部に開閉部たる開閉扉4を設け、この開閉扉4はその後部の枢着部5を中心に開閉し、開閉扉4の上面には取っ手4Aが設けられている。前記開閉扉4を開いた状態で、前記試料室3内には試料皿101が出し入れ可能となる。前記試料室3の下部には中段収納室6が設けられ、この中段収納室6の下部には下段収納室7が設けられている。図8に示すように、前記試料皿101はステンレス等からなり、略円形の底面102の周囲にほぼ垂直な側面部103を有し、その上部開口に水平方向の鍔部104を周設し、この鍔部104の上下面は平坦に形成され、さらに、その鍔部104の縁に一対の持ち手105を設けている。また、前記試料皿101の内面には、試料111の注入時の目安となる目盛106が設けられている。
【0021】
前記試料室3の中央には、試料皿101を載置する昇降載置部11を設け、この昇降載置部11の上面には前記試料皿101の底面部102が係入する係入部12が設けられ、この係入部12は平面略方形であって、該係入部12には上方に向って拡大する拡大案内部12A,12A,12A,12Aが四方に設けられている。また、前記昇降載置部11には前記試料皿101を加熱する電気ヒータなどの加熱手段13が埋設されている。前記試料室3の底板部14には案内部たる案内筒15,15,15,15が配置され、この案内筒15は前側左右一対、後側左右一対ずつ設けられている。これら案内筒15,15,15,15に対応して前記載置昇降部11の下部に昇降杆16,16,16,16を一体に設け、案内筒15に挿通した昇降杆16が上下方向昇降可能となる。前記底板部14の下面にサポート17,17を左右に設け、これらサポート17,17により横杆18を横設する。また、同様にして横杆18は前側と後側にそれぞれ平行に配置されている。前記前後の横杆18,18には左右一対の横移動体19,19が横方向移動可能に設けられ、この横移動体19には前記横杆18,18を挿通する挿通孔20が形成されている。前記横移動体19には前後にそれぞれカム溝21,21が設けられ、このカム溝21は、後述する重量測定位置に対応する下横部21Dと、後述する非重量測定位置に対応する上横部21Uとを傾斜部21Kにより連結してなり、そのカム溝21の下縁がカム面22である。そして、前記カム溝21にスライド可能に係入するカム係合部たるローラ23が前記昇降杆16の下部に設けられ、該ローラ23は昇降杆16に回動可能に設けられており、該ローラ23がカム溝21に摺動する。また、前記左右の横移動体19,19を中心から左右方向外側に向って対称位置で往復動する駆動装置24が設けられおり、この駆動装置24は、図5に示すように、減速機付きモータ25の回転軸にギヤ26を設け、左右の横移動体19,19にはギヤ26が噛合する前後一方のラック27,27を固定し、これらラック27,27は同一構成のものであって相互に平行でかつ前記横杆18,18と平行に配置されている。したがって、ギヤ26を図5中、反時計回り方向に回転すると、左右の横移動体19,19が中心から対称位置でそれぞれ左右外側に移動し、カム溝21に係合する昇降杆16,16,16,16が降下し、昇降杆16が下横部21Dに係合した位置が、昇降載置部11の下限位置であり、ギヤ26を時計回り方向に回転すれば、横移動体19,19が中央側に向って移動し、昇降杆16,16,16,16が上昇し、昇降杆16が上横部21Uに係合した位置が、昇降載置部11の上限位置である。そして、それら案内筒15,昇降杆16,横移動体19,19及び駆動手段24等により、前記昇降載置部11を昇降する昇降手段28を構成している。
【0022】
前記試料室3の下部には重量測定手段たる電子天秤31を収納する中段収納室6が設けられ、この中段収納室6に前記電子天秤31が固定されている。この電子天秤31の計量部たる計量台33には複数の支持杆34,34,34,34が突設され、この支持杆34は前記底板部14を挿通して上部が試料室3に延設され、それら支持杆34,34,34,34は昇降載置部11の周囲を囲むように配置されており、その上端には円板状の載置受部35が一体に設けられ、この載置受部35の上面は平坦に形成され、前記鍔部104が載置される。尚、載置受部35の周囲は試料皿101の側面部103の外面に接しない位置にある。また、前記載置受部35と昇降載置部11に載置した鍔部104との高さ関係は、前記上限位置と下限位置との間で載置受部35に鍔部104が載置されるように設定されており、図1に示す昇降載置部11の上限位置で、鍔部103は載置受部35の上方で非接触状態であり、図2に示す昇降載置部11の下限位置では、鍔部103が載置受部35に支持され、昇降載置部11が試料皿101の底面部102と非接触状態となる。そして、試料皿101が載置受部35により支持されている位置から前記下限位置までが、昇降載置部11の重量測定位置であり、鍔部104が載置受部35から離れた位置から前記上限位置までが重量測定位置である。
【0023】
前記中段収納室6の下部には、前記下段収納室7が設けられており、この下段収納室7には、減圧加熱手段の一部を構成する真空ポンプ41が設けられ、この減圧手段である真空ポンプ41はダイヤフラム式のものが用いられる。また、図3に示すように、下段収納室7内には、熱転写プリンター等の印字装置42とフロッピー(登録商標)ディスク等の磁気記憶装置43とが設けられ、機本体2の前面2Fには、前記印字装置42の用紙排出口44と前記磁気記憶装置43の磁気媒体用挿脱口45が設けられている。
【0024】
前記開閉扉4の内面には、前記試料皿101の上部開口を開閉可能な蓋体51が固着され、この蓋体51はステンレス等から形成され、該蓋体51の中央に吸引口52を設け、この吸引口52に接続管53を介して前記真空ポンプ41が接続されている。前記蓋体51の内面にパッキンなどの弾性シール材54をリング状に固着している。また、開閉扉4を閉め、前記上限位置で試料皿101の鍔部104の上面が弾性シール材54に密着する。そして、前記電気ヒータ13と前記真空ポンプ41とにより、前記試料皿101内の試料を減圧下で加熱する減圧加熱手段55を構成している。また、前記下段収納室7内には、前記昇降手段28、電子天秤31、印字装置42、磁気記憶装置43及び減圧加熱手段55などの動作制御及びデータ演算などを行う制御装置56が設けられている。前記蓋体51の内面たる下面は中央から外周に向って僅かに低くなるテーパー状下面51Aに形成されると共に、周囲にリング状の段部51Bを形成し、該蓋体51内には結露防止用加熱手段たる電気ヒータ51Cが設けられている。この電気ヒータ51Cは、制御装置56の制御により、後述する試料111の減圧加熱時に蓋体51の下面51Aを加熱することにより、該下面51Aにおける結露の発生を防止する。
【0025】
前記機本体2の前面2Fのほぼ中段には、表示装置61が設けられ、この表示装置61は例えばタッチパネル付き液晶表示装置であり、その表示装置61の上部を角度調整機能付きの枢着部62により前記前面2Fに枢着し、前面2Fに添う垂直位置から下方を持ち上げるようにして前記表示装置61の向きを調整できるようになっている。また、前記表示装置61は前記制御装置56に電気的に接続されており、タッチパネルにより試料111に係る情報データを制御装置56に入力したり、測定の開始などを指示したり、装置1による試料111の重量や状態などの情報を表示したりできるようになっている。
【0026】
また、前記開閉扉4の前側には開閉検出手段71が設けられ、この開閉検出手段としては、例えば試料室3の開口縁3Fに設けたタッチ式や出没式のセンサなどであり、開閉扉4の開閉を検出する。また、その開閉検出手段71により検出したデータは、前記制御装置56に設けた開閉制御部72に送られ、該開閉制御部72では試料111の重量M1測定後に開閉蓋4が開かれたことを検出すると、この場合の試験結果を無効とするように制御し、実際には試験結果にエラーの旨の表示を行ったり、試験結果を表示しなかったり、「計測異常」を表示したりすることができる。
【0027】
表示装置61の初期画面は、図9(A)に示すように、「試験開始」と「データ入力」と「FD(磁気記憶媒体)初期化」の3つが表示され、各表示部分をタッチすることにより、いずれかを選択できる。「データ入力」をタッチして選択すると、データ入力のモードに移行し、単位水量測定装置1へのデータの入力は、前記表示装置61のタッチパネルを用いて主として数値入力により行われ、図11のブロック図に示したようなデータ入力を行う。第1に、試験データとして、試験日時、打設箇所の番号、試験番号などを入力し、その打設箇所の番号とはコンクリートを打設する現場に対応して付与された番号であり、試験番号とは打設箇所における複数回の試験を区別するための番号である。第2に、コンクリートの指定事項データとして、呼び強度(単位:N/mm2)、スランプ値(単位:cm)、粗骨材の最大寸法(単位:mm)、水セメント比(単位:%)を入力する。第3に、示方配合データとして、水セメント比(単位:%)、配合強度(単位:N/mm2)を入力する。第4に、試験値データとして、練り置き時間(単位:分)を入力すると、この入力値が表示された下に強熱減量(単位:%)が自動計算されて表示され、この計算は前記制御装置56が行う。また、細骨材の吸水率(単位:%)と回帰式Aと回帰式Bの値を入力する。第5に配合データとして、示方配合と現場配合毎に、混練量(単位:m3)、水量(単位:kg)、セメント量(単位:kg)、細骨材量(kg)を入力する。
【0028】
そして、測定にあたっては、まず、フレッシュコンクリートは、水、セメント、細骨材、粗骨材及び混和剤を配合して混合し、それらの割合が既知であって、所定の水セメント比としたものを使用し、例えば当日出荷するフレッシュコンクリートである生コンクリートや、コンクリートミキサー車により現場に搬入した生コンクリートの一部を採取し、さらに、この生コンクリートからウエットスクリーニングによりモルタルの試料111を採取する。このウエットスクリーニングにおいては、4.75ミリ篩(図示せず)を用いて、モルタルと粗骨材とに分離し、すなわち前記生コンクリートから粗骨材を分離してモルタル試料111を得る。また、実際の作業には、生コンクリートを篩分けし、モルタルをステンレス製の受け容器(図示せず)に入れる。(ステップ1)で図9(A)に示す「試験開始」をタッチして選択すると、(ステップ2)に移行し、図9(B)に示すように、「表示装置には、試料皿をセットして、開閉扉を閉じゼロリセットを押して下さい。」と表示され、この表示の下に「ゼロリセット」なるタッチ表示(タッチスイッチを兼用した表示)が現れる。ここで、使用者は、上昇位置にある昇降載置部11上に空の試料皿101を載置し、開閉扉4を閉じた後、前記「ゼロリセット」のタッチ表示にタッチすると、(ステップ3)に移行する。この場合、開閉扉4を閉じる前に「ゼロリセット」のタッチ表示にタッチしても、試料皿111の重量測定は行われない。(ステップ3)に移行すると、図9(C)に示すように、表示装置61の表示が「計量中お待ちください」の点滅表示に代わり、機本体1内において、試料皿101の重量の測定が行われる。まず、昇降載置部11が降下し、載置受部35上に鍔部104が載置され、電子天秤31にて重量が測定され、重量を測定すると、自動的に(ステップ4)に移行し、図9(D)に示すように、「ハカリが安定したらゼロリセットを押して下さい。」と表示されると共に、試料皿101の重量表示と「ゼロリセット」がタッチ表示され、アナログ表示された試料皿101の重量表示が一定になったら、「ゼロリセット」をタッチする。このタッチ時の重量表示の試料皿重量M0を、制御装置56が試料皿101の重量として記憶し、この後の重量測定では試料皿重量M0を減じて試料111の乾燥前重量M1,乾燥後重量M2を算出する。次に、(ステップ5)に移行して、表示装置61には、「開閉扉を開けてください。試料を400g±30gセットし、試料を平らにしてください。開閉扉を閉めて、計量を押して下さい。」が表示され、同時に試料111の乾燥前重量M1と、「計量」なるタッチ表示とが表示される。ここで、開閉扉4を開き、前記受け容器内のモルタル試料111を前記試料皿101にステンレス製のスプーン(図示せず)などを用いて例えば400±30グラムとなるように入れ、この作業に使用する前記篩、受け容器及びスプーンなど用具は、湿ったタオルで拭いた湿潤状態にして使用し、試料採取作業に伴う水分誤差の発生を防止する。実際には、開閉扉4を開いて、昇降載置部11が下限位置の状態で、載置受部35,35,35,35上に試料皿101の鍔部104を載置し、その試料皿101にモルタル試料111を入れると、電子天秤31が試料皿101内の試料111の重量を検出し、この重量を表示装置61に乾燥前重量M1を表示し、これを見ながら400±30グラムの試料111を試料皿101に入れる。この場合、表示装置61に表示される乾燥前重量M1の値を見ながら試料111の量を微調整でき、400±30グラムの試料111を入れたら試料111の上面が均一になるようにならす。この場合、試料皿101を試料室3から取り出して外部で試料皿101を傾けるようにしてその上面を均一にしたり、あるいは試料101を入れながら均すようにしてもよい。このようにして、試料111を400±30グラム入れたら、開閉扉4を閉め、(ステップ5)の「計量」の表示をタッチすると、(ステップ6)に移行し、表示装置61に「計量中お待ち下さい」が表示される。この場合、開閉扉4を閉じる前に「計量」の表示にタッチしても、試料皿111の重量測定は行われない。(ステップ6)に移行すると、試料皿101と非接触となる下方位置、この例では下限位置にある昇降載置部11が上昇し、支持杆34により支持されていた試料皿101が昇降載置部11上に載置される。この場合、使用者は複数の支持杆34,34,34,34のほぼ中央に試料皿101を載置するが、必ずしも、正確な位置に試料皿101が載置されるわけではなく、ここで昇降載置部11が昇降し、拡大案内部12Aにより試料皿101の底面部102が案内され、昇降載置部11上の正しい位置に試料皿101が載置され、試料皿101が載置受部35と非接触となる上方位置、この例では上限位置まで昇降載置部11が上昇し、この後、降下して載置受部35上に鍔部104を載置することにより、複数の支持杆34,34,34,34に対して正確な位置に試料皿101を配置することができる。このようにして、昇降載置部11の上昇,降下により、支持杆34,34,34,34に試料皿101を載置し、開閉扉4を閉め、「計量」のタッチ表示にタッチして(ステップ6)に移行した後、電子天秤31により試料皿101の重量測定が行われると共に、表示装置61は、前記「計量中お待ち下さい」の点滅表示が、「ハカリが安定したら、確定を押して下さい。」の表示と、前記重量測定による試料111の乾燥前重量M1の表示と、「確定」のタッチ表示に変わり、乾燥前重量M1のアナログ表示が安定、すなわち数値が動かなくなったら、前記「確定」のタッチ表示を押すことにより、その乾燥前重量M1が制御装置51に入力され、次の(ステップ7)又は(ステップ8)に移行する。前記乾燥前重量M1が所定計量範囲すなわち400±30グラムであれば、(ステップ7)に移行し、所定計量範囲外の場合は、(ステップ8)に移行し、表示装置61に「試料量NG 開閉扉を開けてください。試料が所定計量範囲内になるように調整してください。開閉扉を閉めて確定を押して下さい。試料計量範囲400±30g」を表示する。尚、上述したように表示装置61において乾燥前重量M1を確認しながら、試料111の重量測定を行うため、ほとんどNGとなるステップ8に移行することはない。(ステップ7)に移行したら、「お待ち下さい」が点滅表示された後、(ステップ9)に移行し、表示装置61に「モード切替L,Hを選択後、スタートを押して下さい。」の表示と、「土木用」の表示に対応した位置に「L」のタッチ表示、「建築用」の表示に対応した位置に「H」のタッチ表示、「乾燥」の表示に対応した位置に「スタート」のタッチ表示が表れる。ここで、一例として「L」は土木用で単位水量169kg/m3以下を選択するものであり、後述する乾燥時間は13分となり、「H」は建築用で単位水量170kg/m3以上を選択するものであり、後述する乾燥時間は18分となる。
【0029】
「L」または「H」のいずれかをタッチして選択した後、「スタート」を押すと、(ステップ10)に移行する。(ステップ10)に移行すると、表示装置61には「乾燥中」「残り時間T分」という表示が表れ、「T」は時間の経過と共に減じて残り時間を表示する。尚、前記(ステップ7)に移行した後で(ステップ10)に移行する前に、前記昇降載置部11は上限位置まで上昇する。すなわち、支持杆34で支持されている試料皿101を、上昇する昇降載置部11が受け取り、試料皿101と支持杆34とが非接触状態となり、さらに、上昇により、鍔部104の上面が弾性シール材54に密着し、試料皿101の上部が蓋体51により密封される。この後、電気ヒータ13の加熱温度を250°C、真空ポンプ41の連続吸引により試料皿101内を絶対圧160mmHg以下で試料111の加熱乾燥を行う。この状態を示す図12のグラフは、同一条件の実験において、横軸に時間を取り、縦軸に温度を取り、電気ヒータ13、試料皿101内、試料111の温度及び室温の変化を示すものであり、ヒータ13による加熱と真空ポンプ41の作動を同時に開始すると、略1分後には試料皿101内の絶対圧が160mmHg以下となり、この真空に近い減圧状態で水の沸点が降下し、50°C以下の略20〜30°Cの温度で試料111の水が蒸発する。ヒータ13の温度が緩やかに上昇するのは、ヒータ13の熱が水の気化熱となって奪われるためであり、試料111の温度が略12分経過するまで、略20〜30°Cでほぼ一定しているのは、水が気化していることを示しており、試料111中の気化する水が無くなった12分経過後からは、ヒータ13の温度が250°Cに達し、その250°Cで前記温度制御装置によってほぼ一定温度となり、同時に試料111は残ったセメント、細骨材等自体の温度が上昇し、グラフに示す緩やかな上り傾斜となる。そしてほぼ400グラムの試料111を使用する本方法では、上記の条件で12分後には、試料111の結合水を除いた水が完全に蒸発するが、その12分より長い時間を減圧加熱時間とした。このようにして試料111中の水を略20〜30°Cという低温で比較的短時間にて蒸発させるため、加熱中のセメントの水和作用を抑制することができる。そして、乾燥時間は、上述したように土木用では13分、建築用では18分である。このようにして試料111中の水を低温で比較的短時間にて蒸発させるため、加熱中のセメントの水和作用を抑制することができる。尚、1気圧は、絶対圧760mmHgである。尚、(ステップ10)において、表示装置61には、「データ入力」なるタッチ表示が現れ、この「データ入力」をタッチすると、上述したようにデータ入力のモードに移行し、データを入力することができ、データ入力は(ステップ1)の前に行うことができるが、(ステップ10)における減圧乾燥の間に入力することにより、乾燥時間を有効に利用できる。減圧乾燥が終了すると、(ステップ11)に移行する。
【0030】
(ステップ11)に移行すると、真空ポンプ41が停止し、試料皿101内を大気圧に開放し、大気圧に開放することにより、昇降載置部11が降下するとスムーズに蓋体51から試料皿101が外れ、昇降載置部11と伴に降下し、載置受部54上に鍔部104が載置され、さらに、昇降載置部11は降下し、試料皿101と非接触の下方位置、この例では下限位置まで降下する。このようにして支持杆34に試料皿101が支持されたら、電子天秤31が試料111の乾燥後重量M2を計測し、前記制御装置56は、この試料111の重量計算を行うと共に、得られた乾燥後重量M2を記憶する。このようにして乾燥前,乾燥後の重量M1,M2を算出し、既知のセメント、水及び細骨材の乾燥前,乾燥後の重量M1,M2から前記制御装置56が推定単位水量などを算出する。この例では、推定単位水量Waと、推定水セメント比Haと、水セメント比の誤差、推定強度σを表示装置61に表示し、さらに、前記印字装置42が、推定単位水量、推定水セメント比、水セメント比の誤差、推定強度、及び前記データ入力により入力したデータ、加えて乾燥前,乾燥後の重量M1,M2等を印字し、さらに、これらのデータを前記磁気記憶装置43により磁気媒体に記憶させることができる。尚、本発明では、単位水量、単位セメント量、単位骨材量などの用語は、コンクリート配合による既知のものであり、推定単位水量、推定水セメント比などの用語は、本測定方法により算出したものを示す。
【0031】
前記測定において、前記開閉検出手段71と開閉制御部72の動作について、説明すると、(ステップ2)で上昇位置にある昇降載置部11上に空の試料皿101を載置し、開閉扉4を閉じるとこれを開閉検出手段71が検出し、この扉閉検出データが、制御装置56に設けられた開閉制御部72に入力し、「ゼロリセット」のタッチ表示がタッチされると、開閉扉4が閉まっていることを条件として、次の工程のステップ3に移行する。また、開閉制御部72とにより、ステップ5に行く前に開閉扉4が開かれたら、測定無効を示す「計量異常」表示するようにしてもよい。また、開閉制御部72とは、ステップ5において、「計量」の表示をタッチする前に開閉扉4が閉まっていないと、次の工程のステップ6に移行せず、ステップ8に移行した場合を除いて、試料111の減圧乾燥と減圧乾燥後の乾燥後重量M2の測定が終了するまで、開閉蓋4が開閉されると、次の工程へ移行できなくしたり、測定無効を示す「計量異常」を表示したりすることができる。尚、「計量異常」が表示されたら、ステップ1に戻り、再測定を行う。尚、これらの制御は前記制御装置56により行うことができる。
【0032】
尚、推定単位水量の精度を高めるため、例えば以下の予備実験などを行うと共に、そのデータを基に上記測定から得られる推定単位水量の補正を行い、これを制御装置56に予めデータとして組み入れ、あるいは表示装置61から入力して、一層精度の高い推定単位水量及びこれに基づく推定水セメント比などを算出可能とした。以下に、実験及びデータを説明する。
【0033】
第1に、本方法では、減圧加熱処理を用いることにより、加熱時のセメントの水和を抑制することが可能となったが、例えば生コンクリートをコンクリートミキサー車で現場まで運ぶ場合等では、ミキサー車にコンクリートを積んでから、所定時間が経過した後、測定を行うこととなるから、その間にセメントに結合水として水が取り込まれることとなる。このため、試料111に結合水として取り込まれた水分量を補正するため、前記18分の減圧加熱処理後の試料111の強熱減量試験を行い、この強熱減量試験から前記18分の減圧加熱処理後の試料111の結合水の割合を各水セメント比ごとに求める。
【0034】
【表1】

Figure 0003700925
【0035】
上記表1は、一例としてコンクリートの配合により水セメント比が50パーセントの試料111の強熱減量値Xを、前記18分の減圧加熱処理後に強熱減量試験によりそれぞれ求めたものであり、かつその減圧加熱処理前の練置き時間を0分、60分後、90分後としてセメント質量に対する強熱減量の値Xをパーセントで示している。すなわち値Xは各練置き時間後に前記減圧加熱処理をした試料111中のセメントに結合水として含まれる水の重量パーセントを示す。そして上記表1以外にも、異なる水セメント比(40、45、50、55、60パーセントなど)の試料111を、例えば30分刻みごとの各練置き時間後に、同様にして強熱減量試験により、前記減圧加熱処理後にセメントに結合水として残る水の重量パーセントを算出し、これらの値Xを前記演算処理手段28に記憶させておく。あるいは経過時間と水セメント比を入力すると、前記演算処理手段28がそれらの条件に該当する値Xを用いて演算を行う。尚、強熱減量試験は、土質工学会基準(JSFT221−1990)の土の強熱減量試験方法を基準として行い、前記減圧加熱処理後の試料111の一部をるつぼに入れ、試料111の一部と共にるつぼの重量を測定し、該るつぼを700〜800°Cで2〜4時間加熱し、前記試料111の一部が一定重量になるまで加熱し、減少した重量を前記試料の一部の重量に対する百分率により求める。また、同様にして、前記13分の減圧加熱処理後の試料111の強熱減量試験を行い、この強熱減量試験から前記18分の減圧加熱処理後の試料111の結合水の割合を各水セメント比ごとに求める。
【0036】
第2に試料とする細骨材の吸水率に基いた補正を行う。配合設計の細骨材は、表乾状態の細骨材を基準し、実際には含水した細骨材を混合してコンクリートを製造する。このため、前記減圧加熱処理により、細骨材が含む吸水率に対応した水分も蒸発することとなる。そこで、コンクリートに配合する細骨材の吸水率Pに基き、細骨材の比重及び吸水率試験方法(JIS A 1109−1993)を適用した補正を行う。そして、実際の作業では、使用するコンクリートの細骨材の吸水率Pを、入力手段を兼用した表示装置61により前記制御装置56に入力する。この入力により、前記制御装置56は、下記の各演算式などに基づき、推定単位数量Wa,推定水セメント比Ha,推定強度σなどを算出する。
【0037】
以下の数1,2,3の式における記号はコンクリート配合時の各値を示し、Cは単位センメント量(Kg/m3)、Wは単位水量(Kg/m3)、Sは単位細骨材量(Kg/m3)、Pは細骨材の吸水率をそれぞれ示している。
【0038】
【数1】
Figure 0003700925
【0039】
【数2】
Figure 0003700925
【0040】
【数3】
Figure 0003700925
【0041】
上記数1について説明すると、減圧加熱処理の前後で求めた乾燥前重量M1と乾燥後重量M2より、コンクリート配合により既知の単位センメント量C、単位水量W及び単位細骨材量Sを加算した単位モルタル量に含まれる推定単位水量を算出し、これに上述した実験で得た強熱減量値Xに単位セメント量Cを掛けた値を加算して、減圧加熱処理後にセメントに結合水として含まれる水量の補正を行い、さらに、配合時に細骨材に含まれた水分を、使用する細骨材ごとに既知の吸水率Pを基に、減じる補正を行う。尚、この吸水率Pによる補正は、上述したようにコンクリート配合においては、表乾状態の細骨材を用いるものであり、この細骨材に含まれる水分が減圧加熱処理により蒸発し、この分だけ推定単位水量が大きくなるため、吸水率Pを基に細骨材に含まれていた単位水量を減じる補正を行う。
【0042】
上記数2は、上記表1により得られた単位水量Waにより、推定水セメント比Haを算出する式である。
【0043】
上記数3は、コンクリート強度σを算出する回帰式の一例であり、生コン工場の実績に基づき使用されており、各生コン工場ごとに異なるが、単位セメント量Cと単位水量Wを基に、コンクリート強度を得ることができ、単位水量Wを推定単位水量に置き換えれば、推定コンクリート強度を算出できることが分かる。
【0044】
以下の表2は、各水セメント比C、各単位水量Wで、かつ細骨材、粗骨材及び混和剤の配合を変えた15種類のサンプルの推定単位水量Wa及び推定水セメント比Haを、本方法により測定算出したものを示し、高い精度で測定できることが判明した。
【0045】
【表2】
Figure 0003700925
【0046】
このように本実施例では、請求項1に対応して、フレッシュコンクリートからモルタル試料111を採取し、この試料111の重量M1を測定し、この試料111を減圧下で加熱し、水分が蒸発した後、試料111の重量M2を測定し、水分蒸発後の試料111の重量差により推定単位水量Waを求めるコンクリートの単位水量測定装置において、機本体2と、この機本体2内に設けた試料室3と、この試料室3に設けられた開閉部たる開閉扉4と、この開閉扉4から試料室3内に出し入れ可能な試料皿101と、機本体2に設けられ試料皿101の重量を測定する重量測定手段たる電子天秤31と、試料皿101内の試料111を減圧下で加熱する減圧加熱手段55と、開閉扉4の開閉を検出する開閉検出手段71とを備えるから、機本体2内の試料室3において、試料皿101に試料を入れて開閉扉4を閉じた後、開閉扉4を開くことなく、試料皿101内の試料の重量測定、減圧加熱、減圧加熱後の重量測定を行うことができ、開閉扉4を開くと、これを開閉により検出することができる。したがって、測定開始から完了までの間に試料室3を開くとこれを検出したり、測定中、開閉蓋4を閉めたことを確認してから次の工程に移行するように制御することなどができる。
【0047】
また、このように本実施例では、請求項2に対応して、試料室3内の試料皿101の下方に重量測定手段たる電子天秤31を配置したから、機本体2内に試料室3と電子天秤31とを上下に配置して装置1をコンパクトに形成することができ、また、減圧加熱される試料皿101より下方に電子天秤31を配置したから、その電子天秤31は、試料皿101の加熱時における熱の影響が少なくなる。
【0048】
また、このように本実施例では、請求項に対応して、試料皿101を昇降する昇降手段28を設け、昇降手段28により、試料皿101を重量測定手段たる電子天秤31が支持して測定する重量測定位置と、支持が解除された非重量測定位置とに昇降載置部11を昇降するから、試料皿101の重量を測定する場合は、支持杆34により試料皿101を支持して重量を測定し、昇降手段28により昇降載置部11を上昇して非重量測定位置に試料皿101を移動すれば、試料皿101は重量測定装置の支持杆34と非接触位置となり、この非重量測定位置では試料皿101の熱が電子天秤31の支持杆34側に接触状態で伝わることがなく、電子天秤31を安定して使用することができる。
【0049】
また、このように本実施例では、請求項に対応して、試料室3に試料皿101の上部を開閉可能な蓋体51を設け、試料皿101の昇降により蓋体51が試料皿101を開閉するから、昇降装置28により試料皿101を上昇すると、試料皿101の上部に蓋体51が被さり、試料皿101の上部が閉成され、昇降装置28により試料皿101を下降すると、試料皿101の上部から蓋体51が外れ、このように試料皿101を重量測定位置と非重量測定位置とに昇降する昇降装置28により、試料皿101を昇降して該試料皿101の上部を開閉することができる。
【0050】
また、このように本実施例では、請求項に対応して、蓋体51に減圧手段たる真空ポンプ41を接続し、蓋体 51 の下面 51 Aを加熱する結露防止用加熱手段たる電気ヒータ 51 Cを備えるから、蓋体51により試料皿101の上部を閉成し、その蓋体51に接続した真空ポンプ41により試料皿101内を減圧することができ、電気ヒータ 51 Cにより、減圧加熱時における下面 51 Aの結露の発生を防止し、下面 51 Aから水滴が落下することがなく、所定の乾燥時間で試料 111 を均一に乾燥することができる。
【0051】
また、このように本実施例では、請求項に対応して、開閉部は起伏可能に枢着された開閉扉4であり、この開閉扉4の下方に試料室3が配置され、その開閉扉4の内面に蓋体51を設けたから、開閉扉4を開けば、蓋体51が試料皿101の上部位置から外れるから、試料皿101の上方が開放され、試料室4からの試料皿101の出し入れや、試料室4の試料皿101への試料111の注入などを容易に行うことができる。
【0052】
また、実施例上の効果として、横移動体19には複数のカム溝21,21を設けたから、1つの横移動体19により、複数の昇降杆16を昇降することができる。さらに、左右の横移動体19,19には前後のラック27,27を固定し、それらラック27,27の間にこれらに噛合するギヤ26を設けたから、1つのギヤ26の回転により両横移動体19を他方向に中心から対称位置で往復動することが極めて簡易な構成により行うことができる。また、蓋体51の内面には弾性シール材54を設けたから、試料皿101の気密性を向上することができる。さらに、蓋体51内には結露防止用加熱手段たる電気ヒータ51Cが設けられたから、減圧加熱時における下面51Aの結露の発生を防止し、下面51Aから水滴が落下することがなく、所定の乾燥時間で試料111を均一に乾燥することができる。また、減圧乾燥時に、各種のデータを入力可能とし、乾燥時間を利用してデータを入力することにより、計測に必要な時間を短縮することができる。
【0053】
さらに、実施例上の効果として、試料皿101を載置する昇降載置部11を試料室3に配置すると共に、昇降載置部11の下方に電子天秤31を配置し、この電子天秤31は試料皿101を支持可能な支持杆34を有する共に、この支持杆34の上部に試料皿101を支持する載置受部35を設け、試料室3の試料皿101の下方に、載置受部35に試料皿101を載置して支持する重量測定位置と、前記支持を解除する非重量測定位置とに昇降載置部11を昇降する昇降手段28を設けたから、試料皿101の重量を測定する場合は、支持杆34の載置受部35により試料皿101を支持して重量を測定し、昇降手段101により昇降載置部11を上昇して非重量測定位置に試料皿101を移動すれば、試料皿101は電子天秤31の支持杆34と非接触位置となり、この非重量測定位置では試料皿101の熱が電子天秤31の支持杆34側に接触状態で伝わることがなく、加熱時における熱が電子天秤31に伝わることを防止できる。また、昇降載置部11に加熱手段たる電気ヒータ13を設け、昇降載置部11は、試料皿101の減圧加熱時に載置受部35と試料皿101とが非接触となる位置に上昇し、重量測定時に試料皿101と昇降載置部11が非接触となる位置に降下するから、試料皿101と支持杆34の載置受部35とが非接触となる位置で昇降載置部11の電気ヒータ13により試料皿101を加熱することにより、試料皿101から支持杆34に直接熱が伝わらないから、電子天秤31が試料皿101の熱の影響を受けず、また、試料皿101と昇降載置部11とが非接触となる位置で支持杆34により試料皿101を支持して重量を測定するから、電気ヒータ13を設けた昇降載置部11がまだ余熱を持ち場合でもその熱が試料皿101から支持杆34に伝わらず、電子天秤31が熱の影響を受け難くなる。したがって、減圧加熱により水分を蒸発させた後、比較的早く試料皿101の重量M2を測定することが可能であるから、測定時間の短縮も可能となる。また、試料皿101は上部開口周囲に鍔部104を有し、重量は昇降載置部11の周囲に配置した支持杆34を複数有し、載置受部35が鍔部104を載置するから、昇降載置部11の周囲で複数の支持杆34により試料皿101を支持すると共に、支持杆34は、試料皿101の底部でなく鍔部104をその載置受部35に載置するから、試料皿101における昇降載置部11と支持杆34との間の受け渡し及び支持杆34による試料皿101の支持を安定して行うことができる。また、昇降載置部11に試料皿101の底部が係入する係入部12を設け、この係入部12には上方に拡大する拡大案内部12Aが設けられているから、支持杆34により試料皿101を支持した重量測定位置に試料皿101が有る状態で、昇降載置部11が上昇すると、試料皿101の底部が拡大案内部12Aに案内されて係入部12に係入し、昇降載置部11上に位置決めされて載置され、非重量測定位置に上昇する。ここから昇降載置部11を降下し、支持杆34の載置受部35に鍔部104を載置すると、昇降載置部11に試料皿101は位置決めされて載置されていたから、複数の支持杆34に対して正しい位置で支持され、その後の重量測定を正確に行うことができる。また、昇降手段28は、昇降載置部11の下部に設けた昇降杆16と、試料室3の下部に設けられ昇降杆16を上下に案内する案内部たる案内筒15と、試料室3の下方に配置され駆動手段24により横方向に往復動する横移動体19と、この横移動体19に設けられ重量測定位置と非重量測定位置とに対応したカム面22と、このカム面22に接する昇降杆16のカム係合部たるローラ23とを備えるから、カム面22を有する横移動体19が横方向に往復動することにより、昇降杆16が上下動し、昇降載置部11を昇降することができる。このように、縦方向にスペースを取らない横移動体19の横移動により昇降載置部11を昇降するから、装置1の縦方向の寸法を抑え、全体的に小型化することが可能となる。また、昇降手段28は、横移動体19を案内する横杆18を備え、複数の昇降杆16,16と横移動体19,19とを設け、横杆18に複数の横移動体19,19を往復動可能に設けたから、横杆18を共用することにより、装置1の小型化が可能となる。また、複数の昇降杆16,16により昇降載置部11を安定して昇降することができる。また、機本体2の側面に情報表示部を行う表示装置61を設け、この表示装置61を上下方向角度調整可能に設けたから、本装置1は、現場にコンクリートを運搬し、打設前にそのコンクリートの推定単位水量を測定するというように、実際の現場で使用されることも多く、このような現場の上下に合せて見易い向きに表示装置61を傾けて使用することができる。
【0054】
尚、本発明は上記実施例に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨の範囲内において、種々の変形実施が可能である。例えば、開閉検出手段は実施例で示したもの以外でも各種センサなどを用いることができる。また、加熱温度や加熱時の試料皿内の内圧も適宜選定できる。さらに、昇降手段の機構は適宜選定できる。また、係入部12は平面略正方形の例を示したが、試料皿の底面部に対応した円形でもよい。さらに、減圧手段は各種のものを用いることができる。
【0055】
【発明の効果】
請求項1の発明は、フレッシュコンクリートからモルタル試料を採取し、この試料の重量を測定し、この試料を減圧下で加熱し、水分が蒸発した後、試料の重量を測定し、水分蒸発後の試料の重量差により推定単位水量を求めるコンクリートの単位水量測定装置において、機本体と、この機本体内に設けた試料室と、この試料室に設けられた開閉部と、この開閉部から前記試料室内に出し入れ可能な試料皿と、前記機本体に設けられ前記試料皿の重量を測定する重量測定手段と、前記機本体に設けられ前記試料皿内の試料を減圧下で加熱する減圧加熱手段と、前記開閉部の開閉を検出する開閉検出手段と、前記試料皿を昇降する昇降手段とを備え、前記昇降手段により、前記試料皿を前記重量測定手段が支持して測定する重量測定位置と、前記支持が解除された非重量測定位置とに昇降し、前記試料室に前記試料皿の上部を開閉可能な蓋体を設け、前記試料皿の昇降により前記蓋体が該試料皿の上部を開閉し、前記蓋体に減圧手段を接続し、前記蓋体の下面を加熱する結露防止用加熱手段を備えるものであり、小型化が可能で、測定値の信頼性が高いコンクリートの単位水量測定装置を提供することができる。
【0056】
また、請求項2の発明は、前記試料室内の試料皿の下方に前記重量測定手段を配置したものであり、小型化が可能で、測定値の信頼性が高いコンクリートの単位水量測定装置を提供することができる。
【0057】
しかも、請求項の発明は、前記開閉部は起伏可能に枢着された開閉扉であり、この開閉扉の下方に前記試料室が配置され、その開閉扉の内面に前記蓋体を設けたものであり、小型化が可能で、測定値の信頼性が高いコンクリートの単位水量測定装置を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本考案の一実施例を示す縦断面である。
【図2】本考案の一実施例を示す昇降載置部が下限位置における内部機構の断面図である。
【図3】本考案の一実施例を示す正面図である。
【図4】本考案の一実施例を示す昇降載置部回りの平面図である。
【図5】本考案の一実施例を示す昇降機構回りの一部切欠き平面図である。
【図6】本考案の一実施例を示す側面図である。
【図7】本考案の一実施例を示す試料室の平面図である。
【図8】本考案の一実施例を示す試料皿の断面図である。
【図9】本発明の一実施例を示す表示装置による表示を示す正面図である。
【図10】本発明の一実施例を示すブロック図である。
【図11】本発明の一実施例を示すデータ入力と印字記録のブロック図である。
【図12】本発明の一実施例を示す減圧加熱状態の試料及び加熱手段の温度のグラフの図である。
【符号の説明】
2 機本体
3 試料室
4 開閉扉(開閉部)
11 昇降載置部
28 昇降手段
31 電子天秤(重量測定手段)
41 真空ポンプ(減圧手段)
51 蓋体
51 C 電気ヒータ(結露防止用加熱手段)
55 減圧加熱手段
71 開閉検出手段
101 試料皿
111 試料[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
  The present invention relates to a unit water amount measuring apparatus for concrete that measures the unit water amount of fresh concrete.
[0002]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
  Conventionally, the strength of concrete is determined by the value obtained in the compressive strength test 4 weeks after placement, so the concrete structure has already been completed at the time of determination, and if the strength is insufficient, There is a problem that an object must be destroyed and reconstructed.
[0003]
  And it is known that the strength of the concrete after solidification can be judged by the water cement ratio of the concrete that has not yet solidified, that is, fresh concrete. For this purpose, the water cement ratio of the concrete is measured and the strength of the concrete is measured. Various methods have been proposed, but all of them have poor practicality. For example, as a method for measuring the unit water amount of fresh concrete, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-20448 discloses that a substance that is easily liquid is poured into water into a concrete that has not yet hardened, and the substance is put into the concrete. After diffusion, a method for measuring the moisture content of the concrete before solidification in which the liquid is extracted from the concrete, the concentration of the substance in the liquid is measured, and the moisture content of the concrete is measured is proposed. In 106368 gazette, a part of concrete or mortar that has not yet solidified is taken as a sample, the ions in the sample are specified, the specified ion concentration is measured, and the ions of the same type in the sample of the specified ions are Add a certain amount to the sample, measure the concentration of the added ion for the sample after the ion addition, measure the ion concentration before and after the ion addition, There have been proposed methods for measuring the unit water content of concrete, etc., for obtaining the unit water content in concrete concrete and mortar that have not yet solidified due to changes in the ion concentration before and after the addition of ions. Therefore, it is expected that the measurement work becomes complicated and that accurate measurement becomes difficult due to the hydration action of cement and water.
[0004]
  Therefore, as described in the 16th to 19th lines of the left column of the first page of JP-A No. 64-20448, when measuring the moisture content in the concrete, the moisture in the concrete is evaporated by heating, Attempts have been made to measure the accurate unit water amount by increasing the measurement accuracy of the heating and drying method using a so-called heating and drying method that compares the difference in weight of the concrete before and after evaporation of the moisture.
[0005]
  The conventional heat drying method has problems such as requiring a large heating device, requiring a relatively long drying time, and increasing the heating temperature. Especially when the heating time becomes longer and the heating temperature becomes higher, the hydration of the cement is promoted and water is taken into the cement as bound water, so even if the weight difference of the concrete before and after evaporation is measured, the correct unit water amount There was a problem that it was difficult to measure.
[0006]
  By the way, although it differs from what measures the unit water amount of concrete, in Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2-151728, the vacuum drying for measuring raw cotton and raw wool (the 17th line of the 1st page right column) in the spinning industry etc. JP-A-4-140640 discloses an apparatus for measuring the moisture content and volatile content of an article, or the moisture content, volatile content, etc. in the field of food, medicine or raw materials. There is a page 20 left column line 20 to page 2 right column line 2), but these are not suitable for the measurement of the unit water content of concrete, unlike those considering the hydration reaction of cement and the like.
[0007]
  Therefore, JP-A-8-338838 discloses that a mortar sample is taken from fresh concrete, the weight of the sample is measured, the sample is heated in a reduced pressure space, and moisture is evaporated, and then the weight of the sample is measured. Then, a concrete unit water amount measuring method (claims) and an apparatus for obtaining an estimated unit water amount based on the weight difference of the sample after water evaporation have been proposed. In this unit water amount measuring method, the sample is heated in a reduced pressure space. The boiling point of water drops and water evaporates in a short time at a relatively low temperature. In addition, since water evaporates at a low temperature in a short time, the generation of bound water due to cement hydration is suppressed, and by measuring the weight of the sample before and after evaporation, an accurate estimated unit water amount with little effect of bound water is obtained. (Patent Gazette 0011).
[0008]
  As described above, in the method and apparatus for measuring the unit water amount of concrete, water evaporates at a low temperature and in a short time, so that the estimated unit water amount can be measured relatively accurately. In JP-A-8-338838, a sample is dried under reduced pressure by a drying device, and the weight of the sample before and after drying under reduced pressure is measured by a weighing operation device. Since there is a need for a separate drying device and weighing unit, and two devices are required, the total weight of the device will increase and space will be required on site. . That is, since the apparatus used for the method for measuring the unit water content of the concrete performs drying and measurement, and uses an accurate weight measuring instrument such as an electronic balance, the weight measuring instrument is not affected by heat during drying. From this point, the drying device and the weighing operation device are separated. Moreover, although the estimated unit water quantity of concrete is not measured, in the vacuum dry weighing apparatus of the said Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2-151728, an electronic weighing apparatus (3) is arrange | positioned on the upper part of the dryer main body (1) (No. 1). In the apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-164040, the weight detection unit (1) and the sample heating unit (5) are arranged side by side (FIG. 1). However, it did not solve the problem of large size.
[0009]
  In addition, since drying and measurement are performed separately, in addition to actually performing drying and weight measurement, it takes time and labor to move the sample between apparatuses, and if the measurement takes time, the accuracy decreases. is there. In addition, when moving the heated sample to the weighing operation device, care must be taken if the sample is still hot. Further, if the travel time varies depending on the user's training level, the reliability of the measured value may be impaired. In addition, since the sample is moved and the lid of each device is opened and closed from the start to the end of the measurement, the sample is exposed to the outside air, resulting in a measurement error, or when the sample pan is moved or the lid There is a possibility that an operator's mistake may occur when opening the window, or that data tampering may occur, which may impair the reliability of the measured value.
[0010]
  Then, an object of this invention is to provide the unit water quantity measuring apparatus of concrete in which size reduction is possible and the reliability of a measured value is high.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  According to the first aspect of the present invention, a mortar sample is taken from fresh concrete, the weight of the sample is measured, the sample is heated under reduced pressure, the moisture evaporates, the weight of the sample is measured, and the moisture is evaporated. In a concrete unit water amount measuring apparatus for obtaining an estimated unit water amount based on a difference in weight of a sample, a machine main body, a sample chamber provided in the machine main body, an opening / closing part provided in the sample chamber, and the sample from the opening / closing part A sample dish that can be taken in and out of the room, a weight measuring means provided in the machine body for measuring the weight of the sample dish, and a vacuum heating means provided in the machine body for heating the sample in the sample dish under reduced pressure. An opening / closing detection means for detecting opening / closing of the opening / closing portion;Elevating means for elevating and lowering the sample pan, and by the elevating means, elevating to and from a weight measuring position where the weight measuring means supports and measures the sample dish and a non-weight measuring position where the support is released. A lid capable of opening and closing the upper part of the sample dish in the sample chamber, the lid opens and closes the upper part of the sample dish by raising and lowering the sample dish, and a decompression means is connected to the lid, Heating means for preventing condensation to heat the lower surface of the lidIs.
[0012]
  According to the configuration of the first aspect, in the sample chamber in the main body, after the sample is put in the sample pan and the opening / closing part is closed, the weight measurement of the sample in the sample dish and the reduced pressure heating are performed without opening the opening / closing part. The weight measurement after heating under reduced pressure can be performed, and when the opening / closing part is opened, this can be detected by the opening / closing detection part. Therefore, this can be detected by opening the sample chamber during measurement.
[0013]
  Also,When measuring the weight of the sample pan, measure the weight by supporting the sample pan with the support rod, lift the lifting platform by the lifting means, and move the sample tray to the non-weight measuring position. It becomes a non-contact position with the support rod of the weight measuring device, and the heat of the sample pan is not transmitted in contact with the support rod side of the weight measurement device at this non-weight measurement position.
[0014]
  further,When the sample pan is raised by the lifting device, the lid is placed on the upper portion of the sample plate, the upper portion of the sample tray is closed, and when the sample tray is lowered by the lifting device, the lid is removed from the upper portion of the sample tray. Further, the upper and lower parts of the sample dish can be opened and closed by raising and lowering the sample dish to the weight measurement position and the non-weight measurement position.
[0015]
  Moreover,The upper part of the sample dish is closed by the lid, and the inside of the sample dish can be decompressed by the decompression means connected to the lid.In particular, since the dew condensation preventing heating means for heating the lower surface of the lid body is provided, the occurrence of dew condensation on the lower surface of the lid body at the time of heating under reduced pressure is prevented, so that water drops do not fall from the lower surface, and the predetermined drying time is reached. The sample can be dried uniformly.
[0016]
  According to a second aspect of the present invention, the weight measuring means is disposed below a sample dish in the sample chamber.
[0017]
  According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the weight measuring means is disposed below the sample dish to be heated under reduced pressure, the weight measuring means is less affected by heat when the sample dish is heated.
[0018]
  And claims3In this invention, the opening / closing part is an opening / closing door pivotably mounted, and the sample chamber is disposed below the opening / closing door, and the lid is provided on the inner surface of the opening / closing door.
[0019]
  This claim3With this configuration, when the open / close door is opened, the lid is removed from the upper position of the sample dish, so that the upper part of the sample dish is opened, and the sample dish is taken in and out of the sample chamber and the sample is put into the sample dish in the sample chamber. Can be easily injected.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIGS. 1 to 12 show an embodiment of the present invention, and a unit water amount measuring apparatus 1 is installed in a machine body 2 having a vertically long box shape. The open / close door 4 serving as an opening / closing portion is provided at the top of the sample chamber 3, and the open / close door 4 is opened / closed around a pivoting portion 5 at the rear thereof. Is provided with a handle 4A. With the open / close door 4 open, the sample pan 101 can be taken in and out of the sample chamber 3. A middle storage chamber 6 is provided in the lower part of the sample chamber 3, and a lower storage chamber 7 is provided in the lower part of the middle storage chamber 6. As shown in FIG. 8, the sample pan 101 is made of stainless steel or the like, and has a substantially vertical side surface portion 103 around a substantially circular bottom surface 102, and a horizontal flange 104 is provided around the upper opening thereof. The upper and lower surfaces of the flange 104 are formed flat, and a pair of handles 105 are provided on the edge of the flange 104. Further, on the inner surface of the sample pan 101, a scale 106 serving as a guide when the sample 111 is injected is provided.
[0021]
  In the center of the sample chamber 3, an elevating and placing part 11 for placing the sample dish 101 is provided, and an engaging part 12 for engaging the bottom part 102 of the sample dish 101 is provided on the upper and lower part of the elevating and placing part 11. The engaging portion 12 is substantially rectangular in plan, and the engaging portion 12 is provided with enlarged guide portions 12A, 12A, 12A, and 12A that expand upward. Further, heating means 13 such as an electric heater for heating the sample pan 101 is embedded in the elevating and placing part 11. Guide tubes 15, 15, 15, 15 serving as guide portions are disposed on the bottom plate portion 14 of the sample chamber 3, and the guide tubes 15 are provided in a pair of front left and right and a pair of rear left and right. Corresponding to these guide cylinders 15, 15, 15, 15, the lifting rods 16, 16, 16, 16 are integrally provided at the lower part of the above-mentioned mounting lift unit 11, and the lifting rod 16 inserted through the guide cylinder 15 is vertically moved up and down. It becomes possible. Supports 17 and 17 are provided on the bottom surface of the bottom plate portion 14 on the left and right sides, and a horizontal bar 18 is provided horizontally by the supports 17 and 17. Similarly, the horizontal bar 18 is arranged in parallel on the front side and the rear side, respectively. A pair of left and right lateral moving bodies 19, 19 are provided in the front and rear horizontal rods 18, 18 so as to be movable in the horizontal direction. The horizontal moving body 19 has an insertion hole 20 through which the horizontal rods 18, 18 are inserted. ing. The laterally movable body 19 is provided with cam grooves 21 and 21 on the front and rear, respectively. The cam groove 21 has a lower lateral portion 21D corresponding to a weight measuring position described later and an upper lateral corresponding to a non-weight measuring position described later. The portion 21U is connected to the inclined portion 21K, and the lower edge of the cam groove 21 is a cam surface 22. A roller 23 serving as a cam engaging portion that is slidably engaged with the cam groove 21 is provided at a lower portion of the elevating rod 16, and the roller 23 is rotatably provided on the elevating rod 16. 23 slides in the cam groove 21. Further, a drive device 24 that reciprocates at the symmetrical position from the center toward the left and right lateral direction from the center is provided. The drive device 24 is equipped with a speed reducer as shown in FIG. A gear 26 is provided on the rotating shaft of the motor 25, and the left and right lateral moving bodies 19, 19 are fixed with one rack 27, 27 before and after the gear 26 meshes, and these racks 27, 27 have the same configuration. They are arranged in parallel to each other and in parallel with the horizontal rods 18 and 18. Therefore, when the gear 26 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction in FIG. 5, the left and right lateral moving bodies 19, 19 move from the center to the left and right outer sides at symmetrical positions, and the elevating rods 16, 16 that engage with the cam groove 21. , 16, 16 are lowered, and the position at which the elevating rod 16 is engaged with the lower horizontal portion 21D is the lower limit position of the elevating placement portion 11, and if the gear 26 is rotated in the clockwise direction, The position where 19 moves toward the center, the elevating rod 16, 16, 16, 16 rises and the elevating rod 16 engages with the upper horizontal portion 21U is the upper limit position of the elevating placement portion 11. The guide cylinder 15, the elevating rod 16, the lateral moving bodies 19, 19 and the driving means 24 constitute an elevating means 28 for elevating the elevating placement section 11.
[0022]
  In the lower part of the sample chamber 3, there is provided a middle storage chamber 6 for storing an electronic balance 31 as weight measuring means, and the electronic balance 31 is fixed to the middle storage chamber 6. A plurality of support rods 34, 34, 34, 34 project from a weighing table 33, which is a weighing unit of the electronic balance 31, and the support rod 34 extends through the bottom plate portion 14 and extends to the sample chamber 3. These support rods 34, 34, 34, 34 are disposed so as to surround the periphery of the lifting / lowering mounting portion 11, and a disk-shaped mounting receiving portion 35 is integrally provided at the upper end thereof. The upper surface of the receiving portion 35 is formed flat, and the collar portion 104 is placed thereon. Note that the periphery of the placement receiving portion 35 is in a position not in contact with the outer surface of the side surface portion 103 of the sample pan 101. Further, the height relationship between the placement receiving portion 35 and the flange portion 104 placed on the lifting placement portion 11 is such that the flange portion 104 is placed on the placement reception portion 35 between the upper limit position and the lower limit position. The upper and lower positions of the elevating placement unit 11 shown in FIG. 1 are set in a non-contact state above the placement receiving unit 35, and the elevating placement unit 11 shown in FIG. In this lower limit position, the eaves portion 103 is supported by the placement receiving portion 35, and the elevating placement portion 11 is not in contact with the bottom surface portion 102 of the sample pan 101. The position from the position at which the sample pan 101 is supported by the placement receiving unit 35 to the lower limit position is the weight measurement position of the lifting / lowering placement unit 11, and the flange 104 is from a position away from the placement reception unit 35. Up to the upper limit positionNonThis is the weight measurement position.
[0023]
  The lower storage chamber 7 is provided at the lower part of the middle storage chamber 6, and the lower storage chamber 7 is provided with a vacuum pump 41 that constitutes a part of the reduced pressure heating means. The vacuum pump 41 is a diaphragm type. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the lower storage chamber 7 is provided with a printing device 42 such as a thermal transfer printer and a magnetic storage device 43 such as a floppy (registered trademark) disk. A paper discharge port 44 of the printing device 42 and a magnetic medium insertion / removal port 45 of the magnetic storage device 43 are provided.
[0024]
  A lid 51 capable of opening and closing the upper opening of the sample dish 101 is fixed to the inner surface of the open / close door 4. The lid 51 is formed of stainless steel or the like, and a suction port 52 is provided at the center of the lid 51. The vacuum pump 41 is connected to the suction port 52 via a connecting pipe 53. An elastic sealing material 54 such as packing is fixed to the inner surface of the lid 51 in a ring shape. Further, the open / close door 4 is closed, and the upper surface of the flange 104 of the sample pan 101 is in close contact with the elastic seal material 54 at the upper limit position. The electric heater 13 and the vacuum pump 41 constitute a reduced pressure heating means 55 for heating the sample in the sample pan 101 under reduced pressure. The lower storage chamber 7 is provided with a control device 56 for performing operation control and data calculation of the elevating means 28, the electronic balance 31, the printing device 42, the magnetic storage device 43, the reduced pressure heating means 55, and the like. Yes. The lower surface, which is the inner surface of the lid 51, is formed into a tapered lower surface 51A that becomes slightly lower from the center toward the outer periphery, and a ring-shaped step portion 51B is formed around it to prevent condensation in the lid 51. An electric heater 51C serving as a heating means is provided. The electric heater 51C controls the lower surface 51A of the lid 51 during heating under reduced pressure of the sample 111, which will be described later, by the control of the control device 56, thereby preventing condensation on the lower surface 51A.
[0025]
  A display device 61 is provided at a substantially middle stage of the front surface 2F of the machine body 2. The display device 61 is, for example, a liquid crystal display device with a touch panel, and an upper portion of the display device 61 is pivotally attached with an angle adjusting function 62. Accordingly, the orientation of the display device 61 can be adjusted by being pivotally attached to the front surface 2F and lifting downward from a vertical position following the front surface 2F. Further, the display device 61 is electrically connected to the control device 56, and information data related to the sample 111 is input to the control device 56 by a touch panel, the start of measurement is instructed, and the sample by the device 1 is displayed. 111 information such as weight and status can be displayed.
[0026]
  An opening / closing detection means 71 is provided on the front side of the opening / closing door 4, and the opening / closing detection means is, for example, a touch or intrusion sensor provided at the opening edge 3 </ b> F of the sample chamber 3. Detects opening and closing of. The data detected by the open / close detection means 71 is sent to an open / close control unit 72 provided in the control device 56, and the open / close control unit 72 uses the weight M of the sample 111.1When it is detected that the open / close lid 4 has been opened after measurement, the test result in this case is controlled to be invalid, and an error message is displayed in the test result or the test result is not displayed. , “Measurement abnormality” can be displayed.
[0027]
  As shown in FIG. 9A, the initial screen of the display device 61 is displayed with three items of “test start”, “data input”, and “FD (magnetic storage medium) initialization”, and each display portion is touched. One of them can be selected. When “Data input” is selected by touching, the mode is changed to a data input mode, and data input to the unit water volume measuring device 1 is performed mainly by numerical input using the touch panel of the display device 61, as shown in FIG. Input data as shown in the block diagram. First, the test date and time, the number of the placement location, the test number, etc. are entered as test data, and the placement location number is a number assigned to the site where the concrete is placed, The number is a number for distinguishing a plurality of tests at the placement site. Second, as specified data for concrete, nominal strength (unit: N / mm)2), Slump value (unit: cm), maximum size of coarse aggregate (unit: mm), and water cement ratio (unit:%). Thirdly, as the formulation data, water cement ratio (unit:%), blending strength (unit: N / mm)2). Fourth, when the mixing time (unit: minute) is input as the test value data, the ignition loss (unit:%) is automatically calculated and displayed below the input value. Performed by the controller 56. Moreover, the water absorption rate (unit:%) of the fine aggregate and the values of the regression equation A and the regression equation B are input. Fifth, as the blending data, the kneading amount (unit: mThree), Water amount (unit: kg), cement amount (unit: kg), fine aggregate amount (kg).
[0028]
  In the measurement, first, fresh concrete is prepared by mixing water, cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and admixture, and their ratios are known and have a predetermined water cement ratio. For example, fresh concrete that is fresh concrete shipped on the day, or a part of the ready-mixed concrete brought into the field by a concrete mixer truck, is collected, and a mortar sample 111 is collected from the ready-mixed concrete by wet screening. In this wet screening, a mortar sample 111 is obtained by separating the mortar and coarse aggregate using a 4.75 mm sieve (not shown), that is, separating the coarse aggregate from the ready-mixed concrete. In actual work, the ready-mixed concrete is sieved and the mortar is placed in a stainless steel receiving container (not shown). When “Test start” shown in FIG. 9A is touched and selected in (Step 1), the process proceeds to (Step 2), and as shown in FIG. Set, close the door, and press zero reset. ”Is displayed, and a touch display (display that doubles as a touch switch) appears under this display. Here, when the user places an empty sample dish 101 on the lifting platform 11 in the raised position, closes the open / close door 4, and then touches the “zero reset” touch display, (step) Move to 3). In this case, even if the “zero reset” touch display is touched before the open / close door 4 is closed, the weight of the sample pan 111 is not measured. When proceeding to (Step 3), as shown in FIG. 9C, the display 61 displays the weight of the sample pan 101 in the main body 1 instead of the blinking “Please wait while weighing”. Done. First, the lifting / lowering placing part 11 is lowered, the collar part 104 is placed on the placing receiving part 35, the weight is measured by the electronic balance 31, and when the weight is measured, the process automatically proceeds to (Step 4). Then, as shown in FIG. 9D, “Please press zero reset when the light is stable” is displayed, and the weight display of the sample pan 101 and “zero reset” are touch-displayed and displayed in analog. When the weight display of the sample pan 101 becomes constant, “zero reset” is touched. Sample pan weight M for weight display at the time of touch0Is stored as the weight of the sample pan 101, and in the subsequent weight measurement, the sample pan weight M is stored.0To reduce the weight M of the sample 111 before drying1, Weight after drying M2Is calculated. Next, move to (Step 5), and display unit 61 reads “Open the open / close door. Set 400 g ± 30 g of the sample and flatten the sample. Close the open door and press the weighing button. ”Is displayed, and at the same time, the weight M of the sample 111 before drying M1And a touch display “weighing” is displayed. Here, the open / close door 4 is opened, and the mortar sample 111 in the receiving container is placed in the sample pan 101 using a stainless steel spoon (not shown) so that it becomes 400 ± 30 grams, for example. The sieves, receptacles and spoons to be used are used in a wet state where they are wiped with a damp towel to prevent the occurrence of moisture errors associated with the sampling operation. In actuality, the lid 4 of the sample pan 101 is placed on the placement receiving portions 35, 35, 35, 35 with the open / close door 4 open, and the lift placement portion 11 in the lower limit position. When the mortar sample 111 is placed in the plate 101, the electronic balance 31 detects the weight of the sample 111 in the sample plate 101, and this weight is displayed on the display device 61 before drying M1Is displayed, and a sample 111 of 400 ± 30 grams is put in the sample pan 101 while watching this. In this case, the weight M before drying displayed on the display device 61.1The amount of the sample 111 can be finely adjusted while looking at the value of, and when the sample 111 of 400 ± 30 grams is inserted, the upper surface of the sample 111 is made uniform. In this case, the sample plate 101 may be taken out from the sample chamber 3 and the upper surface of the sample plate 101 may be inclined to make the upper surface uniform, or the sample plate 101 may be leveled while the sample 101 is being inserted. When 400 ± 30 grams of the sample 111 is put in this way, the open / close door 4 is closed, and when the “Weighing” display in (Step 5) is touched, the process proceeds to (Step 6), and the display device 61 reads “ Please wait "is displayed. In this case, even if the “weighing” display is touched before the open / close door 4 is closed, the weight of the sample pan 111 is not measured. When the process proceeds to (Step 6), the elevating platform 11 at the lower position that is not in contact with the sample pan 101, in this example, the lower limit position, is raised, and the sample pan 101 supported by the support rod 34 is moved up and down. Placed on the part 11. In this case, the user places the sample dish 101 in the approximate center of the plurality of support rods 34, 34, 34, 34. However, the sample dish 101 is not necessarily placed at an accurate position. The elevating / lowering part 11 is moved up and down, the bottom part 102 of the sample dish 101 is guided by the enlarged guiding part 12A, the sample dish 101 is placed at a correct position on the elevating / lowering part 11, and the sample dish 101 is placed and received. The up-and-down placement unit 11 is raised to an upper position that is not in contact with the unit 35, in this example, to the upper limit position, and then lowered and placed on the placement receiving unit 35 to place a plurality of flanges 104. The sample pan 101 can be placed at an accurate position with respect to the support rods 34, 34, 34, 34. In this way, the sample pan 101 is placed on the support rods 34, 34, 34, 34 by raising and lowering the elevating placement unit 11, the open / close door 4 is closed, and the “weighing” touch display is touched. After moving to (Step 6), the weight of the sample pan 101 is measured by the electronic balance 31, and the display device 61 displays the above “Please wait while weighing” blinking display. ”And the weight M of the sample 111 before drying based on the above weight measurement.1The display changes to a touch display of “Confirm” and the weight M before drying1When the analog display is stable, that is, the numerical value does not move, by pressing the “determine” touch display, the weight before drying M1Is input to the control device 51, and the process proceeds to the next (Step 7) or (Step 8). Weight before drying M1Is within the predetermined weighing range, that is, 400 ± 30 grams, the process proceeds to (Step 7), and when it is out of the predetermined weighing range, the process proceeds to (Step 8). Adjust the sample so that it is within the specified weighing range.Close the door and press ENTER.The sample weighing range 400 ± 30g ”is displayed. As described above, the weight before drying M in the display device 61 is as follows.1Since the weight of the sample 111 is measured while confirming the above, step 8 that is almost NG is not transferred. After proceeding to (Step 7), “Please wait” blinks and then proceeds to (Step 9), and the display device 61 displays “Please press start after selecting mode switching L, H”. , “L” touch display at a position corresponding to “civil engineering” display, “H” touch display at a position corresponding to “construction” display, “start” at a position corresponding to “dry” display The touch display appears. Here, as an example, “L” is for civil engineering and has a unit water volume of 169 kg / mThreeThe following is selected, and the drying time to be described later is 13 minutes, and “H” is for construction and the unit water volume is 170 kg / m.ThreeThe above is selected, and the drying time described later is 18 minutes.
[0029]
  After selecting either “L” or “H” by touching, when “START” is pressed, the process proceeds to (Step 10). When the process proceeds to (Step 10), the display device 61 displays “drying” and “remaining time T minutes”, and “T” decreases with the passage of time to display the remaining time. In addition, after shifting to the above (Step 7) and before shifting to (Step 10), the lifting / lowering mounting portion 11 is raised to the upper limit position. That is, the ascending / descending placement unit 11 receives the sample pan 101 supported by the support rod 34, the sample pan 101 and the support rod 34 are brought into a non-contact state, and further, the upper surface of the collar portion 104 is caused to rise. The upper part of the sample plate 101 is tightly sealed by the lid 51 while being in close contact with the elastic sealing material 54. After that, the heating temperature of the electric heater 13 is 250 ° C., and the sample 111 is heated and dried in the sample pan 101 by the continuous suction of the vacuum pump 41 at an absolute pressure of 160 mmHg or less. The graph of FIG. 12 showing this state shows changes in the temperature and room temperature of the electric heater 13, the sample pan 101, and the sample 111, with time on the horizontal axis and temperature on the vertical axis in an experiment under the same conditions. When the heating by the heater 13 and the operation of the vacuum pump 41 are started at the same time, the absolute pressure in the sample pan 101 becomes 160 mmHg or less after about 1 minute, and the boiling point of water drops in a reduced pressure state close to this vacuum. The water of the sample 111 evaporates at a temperature of about 20 to 30 ° C. which is not higher than ° C. The reason why the temperature of the heater 13 rises gently is that the heat of the heater 13 is taken away as the heat of vaporization of water, and is approximately 20 to 30 ° C. until the temperature of the sample 111 elapses for approximately 12 minutes. The constant value indicates that the water is vaporized, and the temperature of the heater 13 reaches 250 ° C. after the elapse of 12 minutes after the water to be vaporized in the sample 111 has disappeared. At C, the temperature control device makes the temperature almost constant, and at the same time, the temperature of the sample 111, such as the remaining cement, fine aggregate, etc. itself rises and becomes a gentle upward slope as shown in the graph. In the present method using approximately 400 grams of the sample 111, the water excluding the combined water of the sample 111 completely evaporates after 12 minutes under the above-mentioned conditions. did. In this way, the water in the sample 111 is evaporated at a low temperature of approximately 20 to 30 ° C. in a relatively short time, so that the hydration action of the cement during heating can be suppressed. As described above, the drying time is 13 minutes for civil engineering and 18 minutes for construction. In this way, water in the sample 111 is evaporated at a low temperature in a relatively short time, so that the hydration action of the cement during heating can be suppressed. One atmospheric pressure is an absolute pressure of 760 mmHg. In (Step 10), a touch display “data input” appears on the display device 61. When this “data input” is touched, the mode shifts to the data input mode as described above, and data is input. The data can be input before (Step 1), but the drying time can be effectively used by inputting during the reduced pressure drying in (Step 10). When the drying under reduced pressure is completed, the process proceeds to (Step 11).
[0030]
  (Step 11), the vacuum pump 41 is stopped, the inside of the sample pan 101 is opened to atmospheric pressure, and the atmospheric pressure is released. Thus, when the elevating placement unit 11 is lowered, the sample pan is smoothly removed from the lid 51. 101 comes off and descends together with the elevating placement unit 11, and the eaves portion 104 is placed on the placing receiving unit 54. Further, the elevating placement unit 11 descends and is in a lower position not in contact with the sample pan 101. In this example, it descends to the lower limit position. When the sample pan 101 is supported on the support rod 34 in this way, the electronic balance 31 is weight M after the sample 111 is dried.2The control device 56 calculates the weight of the sample 111 and obtains the weight M after drying.2Remember. Thus, the weight M before and after drying1, M2Calculate the weight M of known cement, water and fine aggregate before and after drying.1, M2From the above, the control device 56 calculates an estimated unit water amount and the like. In this example, the estimated unit water amount Wa, the estimated water cement ratio Ha, the error of the water cement ratio, and the estimated strength σ are displayed on the display device 61, and the printing device 42 further includes the estimated unit water amount, the estimated water cement ratio. , Error of water cement ratio, estimated strength, and data input by the above data input, plus weight M before and after drying1, M2Etc., and these data can be stored in a magnetic medium by the magnetic storage device 43. In the present invention, terms such as unit water amount, unit cement amount and unit aggregate amount are known by concrete blending, and terms such as estimated unit water amount and estimated water cement ratio were calculated by this measurement method. Show things.
[0031]
  In the measurement, the operations of the open / close detection means 71 and the open / close control unit 72 will be described. In step 2, an empty sample dish 101 is placed on the lift platform 11 at the lifted position, and the open / close door 4. When the door is closed, the open / close detection means 71 detects this, and this door close detection data is input to the open / close control unit 72 provided in the control device 56. On condition that 4 is closed, the process proceeds to step 3 of the next process. In addition, if the opening / closing door 4 is opened before going to Step 5 by the opening / closing control unit 72, a “measurement abnormality” indicating measurement invalidity may be displayed. Further, the opening / closing control unit 72 refers to the case where, in step 5, if the opening / closing door 4 is not closed before touching the display of “weighing”, the process proceeds to step 8 without proceeding to step 6 of the next process. Except for the weight M after drying of the sample 111 under reduced pressure drying and reduced pressure drying2If the open / close lid 4 is opened / closed until the measurement is completed, it is not possible to proceed to the next step, or “measurement abnormality” indicating invalid measurement can be displayed. If “Weighing abnormality” is displayed, the process returns to Step 1 and remeasures. These controls can be performed by the control device 56.
[0032]
  In order to increase the accuracy of the estimated unit water amount, for example, the following preliminary experiment is performed, and the estimated unit water amount obtained from the above measurement is corrected based on the data, and this is incorporated into the control device 56 as data in advance. Alternatively, it is possible to calculate the estimated unit water amount with higher accuracy and the estimated water cement ratio based on the input from the display device 61. The experiment and data are described below.
[0033]
  First, in this method, it became possible to suppress the hydration of cement during heating by using the reduced pressure heat treatment. Since the measurement is performed after a predetermined time has elapsed since the concrete was loaded on the vehicle, water is taken into the cement as bound water during that time. For this reason, in order to correct the amount of moisture taken into the sample 111 as bound water, an ignition loss test is performed on the sample 111 after the 18 minute reduced pressure heating treatment, and the 18 minute reduced pressure heating is performed from this ignition loss test. The ratio of the bound water of the sample 111 after the treatment is obtained for each water cement ratio.
[0034]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003700925
[0035]
  Table 1 above shows, as an example, the ignition loss value X of the sample 111 having a water-cement ratio of 50% by mixing concrete, and the ignition loss test after the reduced-pressure heat treatment for 18 minutes. The value X of the loss on ignition relative to the cement mass is indicated as a percentage with the kneading time before the heat treatment under reduced pressure being 0 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes. That is, the value X indicates the weight percentage of water contained as bound water in the cement in the sample 111 that has been subjected to the heat treatment under reduced pressure after each kneading time. In addition to the above Table 1, samples 111 having different water cement ratios (40, 45, 50, 55, 60 percent, etc.) were similarly subjected to the ignition loss test after each kneading time every 30 minutes. The weight percent of water remaining as cemented water after the heat treatment under reduced pressure is calculated, and these values X are stored in the arithmetic processing means 28. Alternatively, when the elapsed time and the water cement ratio are input, the calculation processing means 28 performs calculation using the value X corresponding to those conditions. Note that the ignition loss test is performed based on the soil ignition loss test method of the Japan Society for Geotechnical Engineering (JSFT221-1990). A part of the sample 111 after the reduced pressure heat treatment is placed in a crucible, Weigh the crucible with the part, heat the crucible at 700-800 ° C for 2-4 hours, heat until a portion of the sample 111 reaches a constant weight, and reduce the reduced weight of the portion of the sample. Calculated as a percentage of weight. Similarly, an ignition loss test of the sample 111 after the 13 minute reduced pressure heat treatment was performed, and the ratio of the bound water of the sample 111 after the 18 minute reduced pressure heat treatment was determined from each ignition loss test. Obtained for each cement ratio.
[0036]
  Secondly, correction based on the water absorption rate of the fine aggregate used as a sample is performed. The fine aggregate of the mixture design is based on the fine aggregate in the surface dry state, and actually, concrete is produced by mixing the fine aggregate containing water. For this reason, the water | moisture content corresponding to the water absorption rate which a fine aggregate contains also evaporates by the said pressure reduction heat processing. Then, based on the water absorption P of the fine aggregate mix | blended with concrete, the correction | amendment which applied the specific gravity and water absorption test method (JIS A1109-1993) of a fine aggregate is performed. In actual work, the water absorption P of the concrete fine aggregate to be used is input to the control device 56 by the display device 61 that also serves as input means. With this input, the control device 56 calculates the estimated unit quantity Wa, the estimated water cement ratio Ha, the estimated strength σ, and the like based on the following arithmetic expressions.
[0037]
  Symbols in the following formulas 1, 2, and 3 indicate respective values at the time of mixing concrete, and C is a unit sentiment amount (Kg / mThree), W is unit water volume (Kg / mThree), S is the amount of fine aggregate (Kg / m)Three) And P respectively indicate the water absorption rate of the fine aggregate.
[0038]
[Expression 1]
Figure 0003700925
[0039]
[Expression 2]
Figure 0003700925
[0040]
[Equation 3]
Figure 0003700925
[0041]
  Explaining the above formula 1, the weight M before drying obtained before and after the heat treatment under reduced pressure.1And weight M after drying2From the above, the estimated unit water amount contained in the unit mortar amount obtained by adding the known unit sentiment amount C, the unit water amount W and the unit fine aggregate amount S by the concrete blending is calculated, and the ignition loss value obtained in the above-described experiment is calculated. The value obtained by multiplying X by the unit cement amount C is added to correct the amount of water contained in the cement as bound water after the heat treatment under reduced pressure, and the moisture contained in the fine aggregate during blending is used. Based on the known water absorption P for each material, a correction to decrease is performed. As described above, the correction by the water absorption rate P uses a fine aggregate in a dry state in concrete blending, and the water contained in the fine aggregate is evaporated by the heat treatment under reduced pressure. Since the estimated unit water amount increases only, the unit water amount included in the fine aggregate is corrected based on the water absorption rate P.
[0042]
  The above formula 2 is an equation for calculating the estimated water cement ratio Ha from the unit water amount Wa obtained from Table 1 above.
[0043]
  The above formula 3 is an example of a regression equation for calculating the concrete strength σ, and is used based on the results of the ready-mixed concrete factory, and differs depending on each ready-mixed factory, but based on the unit cement amount C and the unit water amount W, It can be seen that the strength can be obtained and the estimated concrete strength can be calculated by replacing the unit water amount W with the estimated unit water amount.
[0044]
  Table 2 below shows the estimated unit water amount Wa and the estimated water cement ratio Ha of 15 types of samples with each water cement ratio C, each unit water amount W, and different combinations of fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and admixture. This shows the measurement calculated by this method, and it was found that measurement can be performed with high accuracy.
[0045]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003700925
[0046]
  Thus, in this embodiment, in accordance with claim 1, the mortar sample 111 is collected from fresh concrete and the weight M of the sample 111 is measured.1After the sample 111 was heated under reduced pressure and the water evaporated, the weight M of the sample 1112In the concrete unit water amount measuring apparatus for measuring the measured unit water amount Wa from the weight difference of the sample 111 after water evaporation, the machine body 2, the sample chamber 3 provided in the machine body 2, and the sample chamber 3 An opening / closing door 4 serving as an opening / closing portion provided in the apparatus, a sample tray 101 that can be inserted into and removed from the opening / closing door 4 into the sample chamber 3, and an electronic balance as a weight measuring means provided in the machine body 2 for measuring the weight of the sample tray 101. 31, a reduced pressure heating means 55 for heating the sample 111 in the sample pan 101 under reduced pressure, and an open / close detection means 71 for detecting opening / closing of the open / close door 4, the sample is placed in the sample chamber 3 in the machine body 2. After putting the sample in the pan 101 and closing the open / close door 4, without opening the open / close door 4, it is possible to measure the weight of the sample in the sample pan 101, heat under reduced pressure, and measure the weight after vacuum heating. When 4 is opened, this can be detected by opening and closing. Therefore, when the sample chamber 3 is opened between the start and the end of the measurement, this is detected, or it is confirmed that the open / close lid 4 is closed during the measurement, and control is performed so as to proceed to the next step. it can.
[0047]
  In this way, in this embodiment, since the electronic balance 31 as the weight measuring means is disposed below the sample dish 101 in the sample chamber 3 in correspondence with the second aspect, the sample chamber 3 and The electronic balance 31 can be arranged vertically and the apparatus 1 can be compactly formed. Further, since the electronic balance 31 is arranged below the sample pan 101 to be heated under reduced pressure, the electronic balance 31 is composed of the sample pan 101. The influence of heat during heating is reduced.
[0048]
  In this way, in this embodiment, the claims1Corresponding to the above, a lifting / lowering means 28 for raising / lowering the sample pan 101 is provided. By the lifting / lowering means 28, the weight measuring position where the electronic balance 31 as the weight measuring means supports and measures, and the non-supported non-supported position is measured. Since the lifting platform 11 is moved up and down to the weight measurement position, when measuring the weight of the sample pan 101, the weight is measured by supporting the sample tray 101 by the support rod 34, and the lifting platform 28 by the lifting means 28. When the sample pan 101 is moved to the non-weight measuring position by raising the position 11, the sample pan 101 is brought into a non-contact position with the support rod 34 of the weight measuring device, and the heat of the sample pan 101 is transferred to the electronic balance 31 at the non-weight measuring position. Therefore, the electronic balance 31 can be used stably without being transmitted in contact with the support rod 34 side.
[0049]
  In this way, in this embodiment, the claims1Corresponding to the above, a lid 51 capable of opening and closing the upper part of the sample dish 101 is provided in the sample chamber 3, and the lid 51 opens and closes the sample dish 101 by raising and lowering the sample dish 101. When the sample pan 101 is lifted, the lid 51 covers the top of the sample pan 101, the top of the sample pan 101 is closed, and when the sample pan 101 is lowered by the lifting device 28, the lid 51 is removed from the top of the sample pan 101, In addition, the sample pan 101 can be lifted and lowered to open and close the sample pan 101 by the lifting device 28 that lifts and lowers the sample pan 101 to the weight measurement position and the non-weight measurement position.
[0050]
  In this way, in this embodiment, the claims1Corresponding to, connecting the vacuum pump 41 as a decompression means to the lid 51,Lid 51 Underside of 51 Electric heater as heating means for preventing condensation to heat A 51 With CThen, the upper part of the sample dish 101 is closed by the lid 51, and the inside of the sample dish 101 can be decompressed by the vacuum pump 41 connected to the lid 51,Electric heater 51 C, the bottom surface during reduced pressure heating 51 Prevents condensation of A from occurring on the bottom surface 51 The sample does not drop from A and the sample is dried for a predetermined time. 111 Can be dried uniformly.
[0051]
  In this way, in this embodiment, the claims3The opening / closing portion is an opening / closing door 4 pivotably mounted, and the sample chamber 3 is disposed below the opening / closing door 4, and a lid 51 is provided on the inner surface of the opening / closing door 4. When the door 4 is opened, the lid 51 is disengaged from the upper position of the sample pan 101, so that the upper portion of the sample pan 101 is opened, and the sample pan 101 is taken in and out of the sample chamber 4, and the sample pan 101 in the sample chamber 4 is inserted into the sample pan 101. The sample 111 can be easily injected.
[0052]
  Further, as an effect of the embodiment, since the lateral moving body 19 is provided with the plurality of cam grooves 21, 21, the plurality of lifting rods 16 can be moved up and down by one lateral moving body 19. Further, the front and rear racks 27 and 27 are fixed to the left and right laterally moving bodies 19 and 19, and a gear 26 is provided between the racks 27 and 27 so that both sides move by rotating one gear 26. It is possible to reciprocate the body 19 in the other direction from the center in a symmetrical position with a very simple configuration.UrineYou can. Further, since the elastic sealing material 54 is provided on the inner surface of the lid 51, the airtightness of the sample pan 101 can be improved. Further, since the electric heater 51C serving as a dew condensation preventing heating means is provided in the lid 51, the occurrence of dew condensation on the lower surface 51A during heating under reduced pressure is prevented, so that water drops do not fall from the lower surface 51A, and a predetermined drying is performed. The sample 111 can be dried uniformly over time. In addition, various types of data can be input at the time of drying under reduced pressure, and the time required for measurement can be shortened by inputting the data using the drying time.
[0053]
  Further, as an effect on the embodiment, an elevating and placing part 11 for placing the sample pan 101 is arranged in the sample chamber 3, and an electronic balance 31 is arranged below the elevating and placing part 11. In addition to the support rod 34 that can support the sample pan 101, a mounting receiving portion 35 that supports the sample pan 101 is provided above the support rod 34, and the mounting receiving portion is provided below the sample pan 101 in the sample chamber 3. Since the lifting / lowering means 28 for raising and lowering the lifting / lowering mounting portion 11 is provided at the weight measurement position for placing and supporting the sample dish 101 on 35 and the non-weight measurement position for releasing the support, the weight of the sample dish 101 is measured. In order to measure the weight, the sample tray 101 is supported by the mounting receiving portion 35 of the support rod 34 and the weight is measured. The lifting / lowering portion 11 is lifted by the lifting / lowering means 101 and moved to the non-weight measuring position. For example, the sample pan 101 is in a non-contact position with the support rod 34 of the electronic balance 31, and in this non-weight measurement position, the heat of the sample pan 101 is supported by the support rod 34 of the electronic balance 31. Therefore, the heat at the time of heating can be prevented from being transmitted to the electronic balance 31. In addition, the elevating placement unit 11 is provided with an electric heater 13 as heating means, and the elevating placement unit 11 is raised to a position where the placement receiving unit 35 and the sample plate 101 are not in contact with each other when the sample plate 101 is heated under reduced pressure. When the weight is measured, the sample pan 101 and the lifting platform 11 are lowered to a position where they are not in contact with each other. Therefore, the lifting platform 11 is positioned at a position where the sample tray 101 and the mounting receiver 35 of the support rod 34 are not in contact with each other. Since the sample pan 101 is heated by the electric heater 13, heat is not directly transferred from the sample pan 101 to the support rod 34, so that the electronic balance 31 is not affected by the heat of the sample pan 101. Since the sample pan 101 is supported by the support rod 34 and the weight is measured at a position where it is not in contact with the lifting / lowering unit 11, even if the lifting / lowering unit 11 provided with the electric heater 13 still has residual heat, the heat Is not transmitted from the sample pan 101 to the support rod 34, and the electronic balance 31 is hardly affected by heat. Therefore, after evaporating water by heating under reduced pressure, the weight M of the sample pan 101 is relatively fast.2Therefore, the measurement time can be shortened. Further, the sample pan 101 has a flange 104 around the upper opening, and has a plurality of support rods 34 arranged around the lifting / lowering mounting portion 11, and the mounting receiving portion 35 mounts the flange 104. In addition, the sample tray 101 is supported by the plurality of support rods 34 around the elevating placement portion 11, and the support rod 34 places the flange portion 104 on the placement receiving portion 35 instead of the bottom portion of the sample plate 101. Therefore, the transfer between the elevating placement unit 11 and the support rod 34 in the sample plate 101 and the support of the sample plate 101 by the support rod 34 can be performed stably. In addition, since the lifting / lowering portion 11 is provided with an engaging portion 12 into which the bottom of the sample plate 101 is engaged, and the engaging portion 12 is provided with an enlarged guide portion 12A that expands upward, the sample plate is supported by the support rod 34. When the lifting / lowering mounting unit 11 is raised with the sample pan 101 at the weight measurement position that supports the 101, the bottom of the sample pan 101 is guided by the enlarged guide portion 12A and is engaged by the engaging portion 12 to be lifted / lowered mounting. It is positioned and placed on the part 11 and ascends to the non-weight measurement position. When the elevating placement part 11 is lowered from here and the eaves part 104 is placed on the placing receiving part 35 of the support eave 34, the sample pan 101 is positioned and placed on the elevating placement part 11, so that a plurality of supports It is supported at the correct position with respect to the ridge 34, and the subsequent weight measurement can be performed accurately. The elevating means 28 includes an elevating rod 16 provided at the lower portion of the elevating placement portion 11, a guide cylinder 15 provided at the lower portion of the sample chamber 3 and guiding the elevating rod 16 up and down, and the sample chamber 3. A laterally moving body 19 which is arranged below and reciprocates in the lateral direction by the driving means 24, a cam surface 22 provided on the laterally moving body 19 corresponding to the weight measuring position and the non-weight measuring position, and the cam surface 22 And the roller 23 serving as the cam engaging portion of the lifting rod 16 in contact with the horizontal moving body 19 having the cam surface 22 reciprocates in the horizontal direction, whereby the lifting rod 16 moves up and down, You can go up and down. As described above, since the elevating placement unit 11 is moved up and down by the lateral movement of the lateral moving body 19 which does not take a space in the vertical direction, the vertical dimension of the apparatus 1 can be suppressed and the overall size can be reduced. . The elevating means 28 includes a reed 18 for guiding the horizontal moving body 19, a plurality of elevating reeds 16, 16 and horizontal moving bodies 19, 19 are provided, and a plurality of the horizontal moving bodies 19, 19 are provided on the reed 18. Since the reciprocating motion is provided, the apparatus 1 can be miniaturized by sharing the horizontal rod 18. Further, the lifting platform 11 can be lifted and lowered stably by the plurality of lifting rods 16 and 16. In addition, since the display device 61 for performing the information display unit is provided on the side surface of the machine body 2 and the display device 61 is provided so that the vertical angle can be adjusted, the device 1 transports the concrete to the site, It is often used in actual sites such as measuring the estimated unit water amount of concrete, and the display device 61 can be tilted and used in an easy-to-see direction according to the top and bottom of such sites.
[0054]
  In addition, this invention is not limited to the said Example, A various deformation | transformation implementation is possible within the range of the summary of this invention. For example, as the opening / closing detection means, various sensors other than those shown in the embodiments can be used. Also, the heating temperature and the internal pressure in the sample pan during heating can be selected as appropriate. Furthermore, the mechanism of the lifting means can be selected as appropriate. Moreover, although the engaging part 12 showed the example of a plane substantially square shape, the circle corresponding to the bottom face part of a sample pan may be sufficient. Furthermore, various decompression means can be used.
[0055]
【The invention's effect】
  According to the first aspect of the present invention, a mortar sample is taken from fresh concrete, the weight of the sample is measured, the sample is heated under reduced pressure, the moisture evaporates, the weight of the sample is measured, and the moisture is evaporated. In a concrete unit water amount measuring apparatus for obtaining an estimated unit water amount based on a difference in weight of a sample, a machine main body, a sample chamber provided in the machine main body, an opening / closing part provided in the sample chamber, and the sample from the opening / closing part A sample dish that can be taken in and out of the room, a weight measuring means provided in the machine body for measuring the weight of the sample dish, and a vacuum heating means provided in the machine body for heating the sample in the sample dish under reduced pressure. An opening / closing detection means for detecting opening / closing of the opening / closing portion;Elevating means for elevating and lowering the sample pan, and by the elevating means, elevating to and from a weight measuring position where the weight measuring means supports and measures the sample dish and a non-weight measuring position where the support is released. A lid capable of opening and closing the upper part of the sample dish in the sample chamber, the lid opens and closes the upper part of the sample dish by raising and lowering the sample dish, and a decompression means is connected to the lid, Heating means for preventing condensation to heat the lower surface of the lidTherefore, it is possible to provide a concrete unit water volume measuring device that can be downsized and has high reliability in measurement values.
[0056]
  The invention according to claim 2 provides the unit water quantity measuring device for concrete, which is capable of downsizing and has high reliability of measured values, wherein the weight measuring means is arranged below the sample dish in the sample chamber. can do.
[0057]
  And claims3The opening / closing part is an opening / closing door pivotally attached to be movable, the sample chamber is disposed below the opening / closing door, and the lid is provided on the inner surface of the opening / closing door. Therefore, it is possible to provide a unit water content measuring device for concrete with high reliability of measurement values.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an internal mechanism in which a lifting and lowering portion according to an embodiment of the present invention is at a lower limit position.
FIG. 3 is a front view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a plan view around the lifting and lowering portion showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway plan view around the lifting mechanism showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a side view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a sample chamber showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a sample pan showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a front view showing display by a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of data input and print recording showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a graph of the temperature of a sample in a reduced pressure heating state and heating means showing an example of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
2 body
3 Sample room
4 Opening and closing door (opening and closing part)
11 Elevating platform
28 Lifting means
31 Electronic balance (weight measuring means)
41 Vacuum pump (pressure reduction means)
51 lid
51 C Electric heater (heating means for preventing condensation)
55 Vacuum heating means
71 Open / close detection means
101 Sample pan
111 samples

Claims (3)

フレッシュコンクリートからモルタル試料を採取し、この試料の重量を測定し、この試料を減圧下で加熱し、水分が蒸発した後、試料の重量を測定し、水分蒸発後の試料の重量差により推定単位水量を求めるコンクリートの単位水量測定装置において、機本体と、この機本体内に設けた試料室と、この試料室に設けられた開閉部と、この開閉部から前記試料室内に出し入れ可能な試料皿と、前記機本体に設けられ前記試料皿の重量を測定する重量測定手段と、前記機本体に設けられ前記試料皿内の試料を減圧下で加熱する減圧加熱手段と、前記開閉部の開閉を検出する開閉検出手段と、前記試料皿を昇降する昇降手段とを備え、前記昇降手段により、前記試料皿を前記重量測定手段が支持して測定する重量測定位置と、前記支持が解除された非重量測定位置とに昇降し、前記試料室に前記試料皿の上部を開閉可能な蓋体を設け、前記試料皿の昇降により前記蓋体が該試料皿の上部を開閉し、前記蓋体に減圧手段を接続し、前記蓋体の下面を加熱する結露防止用加熱手段を備えることを特徴とするコンクリートの単位水量測定装置。Take a mortar sample from fresh concrete, measure the weight of the sample, heat the sample under reduced pressure, evaporate the water, measure the weight of the sample, and estimate the unit by the difference in the weight of the sample after evaporating the water In an apparatus for measuring the unit water amount of concrete for determining the amount of water, a machine main body, a sample chamber provided in the machine main body, an opening / closing part provided in the sample chamber, and a sample dish that can be taken in and out from the opening / closing part A weight measuring means provided in the machine body for measuring the weight of the sample dish, a reduced pressure heating means provided in the machine body for heating the sample in the sample dish under reduced pressure, and opening and closing of the opening / closing part. comprising a closing detecting means for detecting that, and a lifting means for lifting the specimen dish, by the elevating means, the weighing position the sample pan said weight measuring means for measuring supports, the support is released A lid body that can be moved up and down to a weight measuring position and that can open and close the upper part of the sample dish is provided in the sample chamber, and the lid body opens and closes the upper part of the sample dish by raising and lowering the sample dish, and the lid body is decompressed. An apparatus for measuring a unit water content of concrete , comprising heating means for preventing condensation to connect the means and heat the lower surface of the lid . 前記試料室内の試料皿の下方に前記重量測定手段を配置したことを特徴とする請求項記載のコンクリートの単位水量測定装置。Claim 1 unit water content measuring device of concrete, wherein the placing the said weight measuring means beneath the sample pan of the sample chamber. 前記開閉部は起伏可能に枢着された開閉扉であり、この開閉扉の下方に前記試料室が配置され、その開閉扉の内面に前記蓋体を設けたことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載のコンクリートの単位水量測定装置。The closing part is a door that is pivotally mounted to be raised and lowered, the sample chamber below the door are arranged, according to claim 1 or characterized by providing the lid body to the inner surface of the door 2. A unit water content measuring apparatus for concrete according to 2 .
JP2000282725A 2000-09-18 2000-09-18 Unit water volume measuring device for concrete Expired - Lifetime JP3700925B2 (en)

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