JP3703136B2 - Catalyst for polyester synthesis - Google Patents
Catalyst for polyester synthesis Download PDFInfo
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- JP3703136B2 JP3703136B2 JP2002113072A JP2002113072A JP3703136B2 JP 3703136 B2 JP3703136 B2 JP 3703136B2 JP 2002113072 A JP2002113072 A JP 2002113072A JP 2002113072 A JP2002113072 A JP 2002113072A JP 3703136 B2 JP3703136 B2 JP 3703136B2
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- polyester
- catalyst
- diol
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- dicarboxylic acid
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、ポリエステル、特に脂肪族ポリエステルを合成するための触媒及びこの触媒を用いたポリエステルの製法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般にポリエステルの合成にはジカルボン酸とジオールの直接重合法が採用されているが、ジカルボン酸とジオールをジオールの沸点以上の高温(例えば、200〜240℃)でエステル化反応をさせるのが一般である。より低温(160〜200℃)で反応させるためにはこの反応を効率よく触媒する触媒がなかった。
また、脂肪族のポリエステルは1930年代より検討されているが、高分子量まで分子量を高めることが困難であり、更に脂肪族ポリエステルは高温で重合を行うとその熱でポリマーが分解してしまう等の問題も抱えており、低温で直接エステル化反応を行うことが求められている。
【0003】
近年、このような観点から触媒が開発され高分子量の脂肪族ポリエステルも製造されるに至っている。例えば、1,4-ブタンジオールとコハク酸等に触媒としてアセトアセトイル型亜鉛キレート化合物等を用いて飽和脂肪族ポリエステルが合成され、市販されている(特開平5-39352、高分子42巻3月号251(1993))。この例では一旦分子量が15000程度のポリエステルを合成しこれをジイソシアネートを用いて結合して分子量が35000程度のポリマーを得ているが、この高分子量の脂肪族ポリエステルを直接作成するに至っておらず、反応温度も200℃程度と高い。更に、最近では1,4-ブタンジオールとコハク酸等に触媒としてジスタノキサンを用いて分子量が28万程度の脂肪族ポリエステルが合成されるに至っている(Biomacromolecules 2001, 2, 1267-1270)。
【0004】
一方、スカンジウム・トリフルオロメタンスルホネート(トリフラート)が混合酸無水物や無水カルボン酸による水酸基のアシル化反応を触媒することが知られているが、この触媒に関してジカルボン酸とジオールのエステル化反応への触媒作用については検討がなされていない(J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 4560-4567、Science 2000, 290, 1140-1142)。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、ポリエステル、特に脂肪族ポリエステルを合成するための触媒であって、低温(約180℃以下)でポリエステル反応を触媒作用し、更に分子量が3万程度の脂肪族ポリエステルを重合することのできる触媒を提供する。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、スカンジウムトリフラートが混合酸無水物や無水カルボン酸による水酸基のアシル化反応を触媒すること(J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 4560-4567)から、この触媒によるポリエステル合成について検討した結果、この触媒がジカルボン酸とジオールのエステル化反応を効率よく触媒することを見出し、本発明を完成させた。
【0007】
即ち、本発明は、ジオール及びジカルボン酸からポリエステルを合成するための触媒であって、下式
X(OSO2CF3)3
で表されるポリエステル合成用触媒である。この式中、Xは希土類元素を表し、好ましくはSc、Y、Yb又はSmを表す。本発明の触媒はまたこれらの混合物であってもよい。この触媒は、希土類元素の酸化物X2O3(例えば、Sc2O3)と6当量のトリフルオロメタンスルホン酸(TfOH)との反応によって調製することができる(米国特許第3615169号)。
このポリエステル合成に用いるジオールについても特に制限はないが、エチレングリコール、1,4−ブタンジオール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、デカメチレングリコール、ネオペンチルグリコール、1,4−シクロヘキサンジメタノール等を用いることが好ましく、特に、HO(CH2)nOH(nは2〜4を表す。)で表される直鎖グリコールを用いることがより好ましい。また、複数種のジオールを用いてもよい。
【0008】
また、ポリエステル合成に用いるジカルボン酸についても特に制限はないが、例えば、コハク酸、アジピン酸、スべリン酸、セバシン酸、ドデカン酸、フタル酸等や、これらの酸無水物、例えば、無水コハク酸、無水アジピン酸を用いてもよく、また複数種のジカルボン酸を用いてもよい。これらの中で脂肪族カルボン酸、特にHOOC(CH2)mCOOH(mは2〜10を表す。)又はその酸無水形で表される脂肪族カルボン酸又はその酸無水物が本発明の基質に適している。
本発明において合成されるポリエステルに特に制限は無く、合成されたポリマーに主結合として、本発明の触媒の作用により生成されたポリエステル結合が含まれておればよく、エステル結合以外の結合が含まれることを除外するものではない。このポリエステルは、上記のジオール及びジカルボン酸により生成すれば、芳香族、脂肪族又はこれらの混合のいずれでもよいが、ジオール及びジカルボン酸に脂肪族のものを用いた脂肪族ポリエステルを合成することが、本発明の触媒に適している。このポリエステルの数平均分子量(Mn)は、実用的には、5000以上、特に10000以上であることが好ましい。
【0009】
また、本発明は、上記の触媒を用いて、ジオール及びジカルボン酸からポリエステルを製造する方法である。前記触媒の使用量は、生成する樹脂(又は、投入するジオール及びジカルボン酸)に対して0.001〜5重量%、好ましくは0.05〜2重量%であることが好ましい。ジオール及びジカルボン酸の投入量はほぼ化学量論比とすることが好ましい。重合においては、上記の成分以外に溶媒、酸化防止剤、紫外吸収剤、結晶核剤等を適宜使用してもよい。
【0010】
重合反応形式はいかなるものであってもよいが、本発明の触媒には溶媒を用いない塊状重合が適している。反応圧は、重合反応形式により当該分野で適切な圧を用いればよいが、塊状重合の場合には、脱水を促進するため4.0×10−5〜8.0×10−4MPaが好ましい。反応温度は、やはり高いほどエステル反応の進行度は高いが、本発明の触媒を用いることにより一般(約200℃以上)よりも低い約180℃以下、特に80〜180℃で行うことができる点が本発明の特徴のひとつであると考えられる。
【0011】
【発明の効果】
本発明の触媒を用いてジオール及びジカルボン酸からポリエステルを合成する場合に、低温において高分子量のポリエステルを得ることができる。特に高分子量のポリエステルの得にくい脂肪族の原料を用いて合成した脂肪族ポリエステルについては、後述の実施例で明らかにするが、80℃の反応温度においても一応高分子量と目される1万の分子量のポリエステルを得ており、180℃においては3万の分子量のポリエステルを得ている。また、この触媒は溶媒を用いない塊状重合にも適しているということができる。
【0012】
【実施例】
以下、実施例にて本発明を例証するが、本発明を限定することを意図するものではない。
本実施例では、ジオールとして1,4−ブタンジオール(東京化成製、「BG」と略す。)を用い、ジカルボン酸としてコハク酸(林純薬工業製、「SA」と略す。)、メチルコハク酸(アルドリッチ製、「MSA」と略す。)、無水コハク酸(ナカライテスク製、「SAn」と略す。)又は無水メチルコハク酸(メチルコハク酸と無水酢酸から調製した。「MSAn」と略す。)を用いた。触媒として、イットリウム・トリフルオロメタンスルホネート(アルドリッチ製、「Y(OTf)3」と略す。)又はスカンジウム・トリフルオロメタンスルホネート(東京化成製、「Sc(OTf)3」と略す。)を用いた。
【0013】
攪拌機、分留コンデンサ、温度計、ガス封入管を備えた容積が1リットルのフラスコに表1に示す種類及び量のジオール、ジカルボン酸及び触媒を入れ、窒素雰囲気下で、表1に示す温度、圧力及び反応時間の条件で塊状重合を行った。全ての試験でジカルボン酸及びジオールはそれぞれ7.0ミリモルづつ用いた。また、系を減圧しつつ生成する水分を除去した。その結果白色ワックス状の重合物が得られた。これをトリクロロメタン/ジエチルエーテル中で再沈殿精製を二回繰り返した。なお、高温(180℃)で反応を行った場合には生成物の色は若干黒くなったが、再沈殿精製後はやはり白色となった。この生成ポリマーの分子量はNo.1〜13についてはTHF中でゲル透過クロマトグラフィー(GPC、東ソー社製HLC803D)により測定し、No.14〜18及び23〜27についてはトリクロロメタン中でSEC(=GPC、東ソー社製HLC−8020)により測定し、No.19〜22についてはTHF中でSECにより測定し、ポリスチレンと比較して決定した。TgおよびTmはSEIKO電子工業製DSC210を用いて、示差走査熱量測定により測定した。その結果を表2にまとめる。
【0014】
【表1】
【0015】
【表2】
【0016】
この結果、反応温度が高いほど分子量の大きいポリエステルが得られているが、80℃においても0.5mmHgの減圧下で、1,4−ブタンジオールとメチルコハク酸又はメチルコハク酸無水物との直接重合を24時間行うことにより、分子量約10,000のポリエステルを合成することができた(No.1)。また、120℃で重合したところ、5時間後にMn=1.1×104のポリエステルが合成できた(No.9)。このポリエステルについてプロトン核磁気共鳴測定(BRUKER社製AVANCE200、200MHz、溶媒:重クロロホルム)を行った。そのスペクトルを図1に示す。この化学シフトはこの重合物が目的とするポリエステルであることを示している。また、コハク酸と1,4−ブタンジオールを用いたポリブチレンサクシネートの合成においては、0.1モル%の触媒量を用いて0.3mmHgの減圧下で180℃で直接重合を行うことにより、分子量3万以上のポリエステルが合成できた(No.18)。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例で合成したポリエステル(No.9)のプロトン核磁気共鳴スペクトルを示す図である。上図は想定するポリエステルの構造を示し、a〜eはNMRのピークの帰属を表す。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a catalyst for synthesizing polyester, particularly aliphatic polyester, and a method for producing polyester using the catalyst.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, a direct polymerization method of a dicarboxylic acid and a diol is employed for synthesizing a polyester, but it is common to perform an esterification reaction of the dicarboxylic acid and the diol at a high temperature (for example, 200 to 240 ° C.) higher than the boiling point of the diol. is there. In order to make it react at lower temperature (160-200 degreeC), there was no catalyst which catalyzes this reaction efficiently.
In addition, aliphatic polyesters have been studied since the 1930s, but it is difficult to increase the molecular weight to a high molecular weight. Further, when aliphatic polyesters are polymerized at a high temperature, the heat decomposes the polymer. There is also a problem, and it is required to perform the esterification reaction directly at a low temperature.
[0003]
In recent years, catalysts have been developed from this point of view, and high molecular weight aliphatic polyesters have also been produced. For example, a saturated aliphatic polyester is synthesized using 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid, and the like using a acetoacetoyl zinc chelate compound as a catalyst and is commercially available (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-39352, Polymer 42, 3). Monthly issue 251 (1993)). In this example, a polyester having a molecular weight of about 15000 is synthesized once and bonded using diisocyanate to obtain a polymer having a molecular weight of about 35,000, but this high molecular weight aliphatic polyester has not been directly produced. The reaction temperature is as high as about 200 ° C. Furthermore, recently, an aliphatic polyester having a molecular weight of about 280,000 has been synthesized using 1,4-butanediol and succinic acid as a catalyst with distanoxane (Biomacromolecules 2001, 2, 1267-1270).
[0004]
On the other hand, scandium trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate) is known to catalyze the acylation reaction of hydroxyl groups with mixed acid anhydrides or carboxylic anhydrides, but this catalyst is a catalyst for esterification reaction of dicarboxylic acid and diol. The effect has not been studied (J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 4560-4567, Science 2000, 290, 1140-1142).
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention is a catalyst for synthesizing polyester, particularly aliphatic polyester, which catalyzes a polyester reaction at a low temperature (about 180 ° C. or less) and further polymerizes an aliphatic polyester having a molecular weight of about 30,000. A possible catalyst is provided.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Since the present inventors catalyze the acylation reaction of a hydroxyl group with a mixed acid anhydride or carboxylic acid anhydride (J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 4560-4567), the present inventors have described polyester synthesis using this catalyst. As a result of investigation, it was found that this catalyst efficiently catalyzes the esterification reaction of dicarboxylic acid and diol, and the present invention was completed.
[0007]
That is, the present invention is a catalyst for synthesizing a polyester from a diol and a dicarboxylic acid, and has the following formula X (OSO 2 CF 3 ) 3
It is a catalyst for polyester synthesis represented by these. In this formula, X represents a rare earth element, and preferably represents Sc, Y, Yb or Sm. The catalyst of the present invention may also be a mixture thereof. The catalyst can be prepared by reaction of rare earth oxide X 2 O 3 (eg, Sc 2 O 3 ) with 6 equivalents of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH) (US Pat. No. 3,615,169).
The diol used for this polyester synthesis is not particularly limited, but ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, decamethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, etc. should be used. In particular, it is more preferable to use a linear glycol represented by HO (CH 2 ) n OH (n represents 2 to 4). Moreover, you may use multiple types of diol.
[0008]
The dicarboxylic acid used for polyester synthesis is not particularly limited. For example, succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanoic acid, phthalic acid and the like, and acid anhydrides thereof such as succinic anhydride An acid or an adipic anhydride may be used, or a plurality of dicarboxylic acids may be used. Among these, aliphatic carboxylic acids, especially HOOC (CH 2 ) m COOH (m represents 2 to 10) or an aliphatic carboxylic acid represented by an acid anhydride form thereof or an acid anhydride thereof are substrates of the present invention. Suitable for
There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the polyester synthesize | combined in this invention, The polyester bond produced | generated by the effect | action of the catalyst of this invention should be included as a main bond in the synthesized polymer, and bonds other than an ester bond are included. It does not exclude that. This polyester may be aromatic, aliphatic or a mixture thereof as long as it is produced from the above diol and dicarboxylic acid, but it is possible to synthesize an aliphatic polyester using an aliphatic diol and dicarboxylic acid. Suitable for the catalyst of the present invention. The number average molecular weight (Mn) of this polyester is practically preferably 5000 or more, particularly preferably 10,000 or more.
[0009]
Moreover, this invention is a method of manufacturing polyester from diol and dicarboxylic acid using said catalyst. The catalyst is used in an amount of 0.001 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 2% by weight, based on the resin to be produced (or diol and dicarboxylic acid to be added). It is preferable that the amounts of diol and dicarboxylic acid are approximately stoichiometric. In the polymerization, in addition to the above components, a solvent, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a crystal nucleating agent, and the like may be appropriately used.
[0010]
Any type of polymerization reaction may be used, but bulk polymerization without using a solvent is suitable for the catalyst of the present invention. The reaction pressure may be an appropriate pressure in the field depending on the polymerization reaction type, but in the case of bulk polymerization, 4.0 × 10 −5 to 8.0 × 10 −4 MPa is preferable to promote dehydration. . The higher the reaction temperature is, the higher the degree of progress of the ester reaction is. However, by using the catalyst of the present invention, the reaction can be carried out at a temperature of about 180 ° C. or lower, particularly 80 to 180 ° C., lower than general (about 200 ° C. or higher) Is considered to be one of the features of the present invention.
[0011]
【The invention's effect】
When a polyester is synthesized from a diol and a dicarboxylic acid using the catalyst of the present invention, a high molecular weight polyester can be obtained at a low temperature. In particular, aliphatic polyesters synthesized using aliphatic raw materials that are difficult to obtain high-molecular-weight polyesters will be clarified in the examples described later. A polyester having a molecular weight was obtained, and a polyester having a molecular weight of 30,000 was obtained at 180 ° C. Further, it can be said that this catalyst is also suitable for bulk polymerization without using a solvent.
[0012]
【Example】
The following examples illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention.
In this example, 1,4-butanediol (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry, abbreviated as “BG”) was used as the diol, succinic acid (manufactured by Hayashi Pure Chemical Industries, abbreviated as “SA”), and methylsuccinic acid as the dicarboxylic acid. (Aldrich, abbreviated as “MSA”), succinic anhydride (Nacalai Tesque, abbreviated as “SAn”) or methyl succinic anhydride (prepared from methyl succinic acid and acetic anhydride. Abbreviated as “MSAn”) is used. It was. As the catalyst, yttrium trifluoromethanesulfonate (manufactured by Aldrich, abbreviated as “Y (OTf) 3 ”) or scandium trifluoromethanesulfonate (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry, abbreviated as “Sc (OTf) 3 ”) was used.
[0013]
Into a flask having a volume of 1 liter equipped with a stirrer, a fractionation condenser, a thermometer, and a gas-sealed tube, the types and amounts of diol, dicarboxylic acid and catalyst shown in Table 1 were put, and under a nitrogen atmosphere, the temperature shown in Table 1; Bulk polymerization was performed under conditions of pressure and reaction time. In all tests, 7.0 mmol each of dicarboxylic acid and diol was used. Moreover, the water | moisture content produced | generated was removed, decompressing the system. As a result, a white waxy polymer was obtained. The reprecipitation purification was repeated twice in trichloromethane / diethyl ether. When the reaction was carried out at a high temperature (180 ° C.), the color of the product was slightly black, but it was still white after reprecipitation purification. The molecular weight of this produced polymer is no. 1 to 13 were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC, HLC803D manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) in THF. 14-18 and 23-27 were measured by SEC (= GPC, HLC-8020 manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) in trichloromethane. 19-22 were measured by SEC in THF and determined by comparison with polystyrene. Tg and Tm were measured by differential scanning calorimetry using DSC210 manufactured by SEIKO ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY. The results are summarized in Table 2.
[0014]
[Table 1]
[0015]
[Table 2]
[0016]
As a result, polyester having a higher molecular weight was obtained as the reaction temperature was higher. However, direct polymerization of 1,4-butanediol and methyl succinic acid or methyl succinic anhydride was carried out at 80 ° C. under a reduced pressure of 0.5 mmHg. By performing for 24 hours, a polyester having a molecular weight of about 10,000 could be synthesized (No. 1). When polymerized at 120 ° C., a polyester with Mn = 1.1 × 10 4 was synthesized after 5 hours (No. 9). The polyester was subjected to proton nuclear magnetic resonance measurement (AVANCE200 manufactured by BRUKER, 200 MHz, solvent: deuterated chloroform). The spectrum is shown in FIG. This chemical shift indicates that the polymer is the desired polyester. In the synthesis of polybutylene succinate using succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol, direct polymerization is performed at 180 ° C. under a reduced pressure of 0.3 mmHg using a 0.1 mol% catalyst amount. A polyester having a molecular weight of 30,000 or more was synthesized (No. 18).
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of polyester (No. 9) synthesized in Example. The upper figure shows the assumed polyester structure, and a to e represent the assignment of NMR peaks.
Claims (9)
X(OSO2CF3)3
(式中、Xは希土類元素を表す。)で表されるポリエステル合成用触媒。A catalyst for synthesizing a polyester from a diol and a dicarboxylic acid, which has the following formula X (OSO 2 CF 3 ) 3
(Wherein X represents a rare earth element).
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| JP2002113072A JP3703136B2 (en) | 2002-04-16 | 2002-04-16 | Catalyst for polyester synthesis |
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| JP2002113072A JP3703136B2 (en) | 2002-04-16 | 2002-04-16 | Catalyst for polyester synthesis |
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| JP3703136B2 true JP3703136B2 (en) | 2005-10-05 |
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| JP4734626B2 (en) * | 2005-01-25 | 2011-07-27 | 国立大学法人 名古屋工業大学 | Catalyst for polyester synthesis |
| JP4428317B2 (en) | 2005-08-26 | 2010-03-10 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Binder resin for electrostatic image developing toner, binder resin dispersion for electrostatic image developing toner, electrostatic charge image developing toner, and production method thereof |
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