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JP3711664B2 - Overlay welding method of nickel alloy to stainless steel - Google Patents
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JP3711664B2 - Overlay welding method of nickel alloy to stainless steel - Google Patents

Overlay welding method of nickel alloy to stainless steel Download PDF

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JP3711664B2
JP3711664B2 JP29089496A JP29089496A JP3711664B2 JP 3711664 B2 JP3711664 B2 JP 3711664B2 JP 29089496 A JP29089496 A JP 29089496A JP 29089496 A JP29089496 A JP 29089496A JP 3711664 B2 JP3711664 B2 JP 3711664B2
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Prior art keywords
bead
nickel alloy
welding
weld
stainless steel
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JPH10128535A (en
Inventor
彰 佐藤
正弘 結城
敏雄 小嶋
裕二 長澤
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石川島播磨重工業株式会社
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ステンレス鋼に対するニッケル合金の肉盛溶接方法に係り、特に、肉盛溶接部の凝固割れの発生を防止する技術に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
TIG溶接やMIG溶接によって、ステンレス鋼の表面にニッケル合金の肉盛溶接を行なうと、肉盛溶接部に凝固割れが発生する場合があり、この凝固割れは、肉盛溶接部の溶接ビードの初層に発生し易い。
【0003】
この凝固割れが発生する理由として、肉盛溶接ビードが下地のステンレス成分の希釈を受け、溶接金属中の化学成分が変化してしまうために発生すると考えられている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、溶接条件をどのようなパラメータに基づいて設定すれば、凝固割れを防ぐことができるかという点についての解明は、不十分なものとなっている。
【0005】
本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたもので、以下の目的を達成しようとするものである。
1)凝固割れの発生を確実に防止すること。
2)溶接速度,溶接ビードの重複率等の溶接条件を変更し直すことなく、肉盛溶接を実施して溶接作業性を向上させること。
3)下地や溶加材の化学成分による影響を低減して、肉盛溶接を安定状態で行ない得るようにすること。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
ステンレス鋼にニッケル合金の肉盛溶接を行なう方法として、肉盛溶接部分のリン当量を予め求めておくとともに、リン当量に対応してニッケル合金からなる溶加材の供給速度の範囲を設定し、上記供給速度で溶加材を連続供給しながら肉盛溶接を行なう技術を採用する。
溶接ビードの重複率及び溶接速度を固定した条件下で、溶接ビードのリン当量を求め、該リン当量を基準として溶加材の供給速度の範囲を設定する技術が付加される。
予め肉盛溶接作業を実施することにより、肉盛溶接部の試験片を作製しておき、肉盛溶接部について、下地ビードの断面積,前ビードの断面積,ニッケル合金溶接部の断面積を求め、リン当量にそれぞれの断面積比を乗じて足し合わせることにより、溶接ビードのリン当量を算出する技術が適用される。
ステンレス鋼及びニッケル合金の化学成分のばら付きが伴う場合にあっても、リン当量を監視して、溶接ビードのリン当量値が、管理基準値以下となるように溶加材の供給速度を調整することにより、肉盛溶接部における凝固割れの発生を防止可能にするものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明に係るステンレス鋼に対するニッケル合金の肉盛溶接方法の一実施形態について、図1の模式図を参照しながら説明する。
【0008】
〔肉盛溶接部分のリン当量の算出〕
図1に示すように、ステンレス鋼の下地1に、ニッケル合金の肉盛溶接を行なうことにより、溶接ビード2を形成するのであるが、予め肉盛溶接部の試験片を作製しておき、溶接ビード2(溶接部)の各部(下地ビードA,前ビードB,ニッケル合金溶接部C)についてのリン当量が求められる。
リン当量(Peq)値は、次の〔式1〕により算出される。

Figure 0003711664
ただし、P:(リン),S:(硫黄),C:(炭素),Si:(ケイ素),Mn:(マンガン),Cr:(クロム),Ni:(ニッケル)である。
【0009】
前記下地1のリン当量は、ステンレス鋼の化学成分に基づき算出されるが、該リン当量は、実際の化学成分のばら付きにより、当然変化することになる。
また、溶接ビード2の部分(肉盛溶接部分)のリン当量は、下記の▲1▼▲2▼▲3▼▲4▼を調整することにより変化するため、これらを制御する技術も考えられる。
▲1▼ニッケル合金溶材の化学成分
▲2▼溶接ビードの重複率を変化させることによる溶け込み率
▲3▼溶接速度の制御による溶け込み率
▲4▼ワイヤ(溶加材,溶加棒)供給量を調整することによる溶け込み率
【0010】
しかし、これらのうち▲1▼▲2▼▲3▼の技術は、下述する点で難点があり、現実的には困難である。
▲1▼の技術:下地のステンレス鋼の化学成分が異なるたびにニッケル合金溶材の化学成分を調整する必要がある。
▲2▼の技術:ビード外観が悪化し易い。
▲3▼の技術:入熱量が変動するので溶接作業性が低下し易い。
【0011】
一方、▲4▼の技術:ワイヤ供給量を調整する技術は、その他の溶接条件を実質的に変更せず、かつ新たな装置を必要としないため、本発明に係る肉盛溶接方法の一実施形態において採用した。
【0012】
下地(ステンレス鋼)及び溶加材(ニッケル合金)は、その化学成分に基づいて、それぞれのリン当量を算出する。
予め作製した肉盛溶接部の試験片にあっては、溶接ビード2(溶接部)の各部(下地ビードA,前ビードB,ニッケル合金溶接部C)についてのリン当量を算出する。
なお、試験片は、実際(実機)の溶接作業における溶接条件のうち、溶接ビードの重複率(オーバーラップ率)及び溶接速度を固定した条件で、実機施工を模擬して作製される。
【0013】
〔各断面積の算出〕
作製した試験片は、溶接ビード2(肉盛溶接部)の断面を観察して、前述の下地ビード(下地のビード部分)A,前ビード(前のビード部分)B,ニッケル合金溶接部(ニッケル合金のビード部分)Cについて、それそれの断面積を算出する。
図1に示す溶接ビード2において、下地ビードA,前ビードB,ニッケル合金溶接部Cの断面積をA,B,Cで表わすとすれば、新しい溶接ビード(新ビード)のリン当量値(Peq値)は、それぞれの面積比を掛けて足し合わせることにより、次の〔式2〕により算出される。
Figure 0003711664
【0014】
上述したように、溶接ビード2の重複率及び溶接速度を固定し、溶加材の供給速度のみを変化させて肉盛溶接を行なうと、図1に示す下地ビードA,前ビードB及びニッケル合金溶接部Cの断面積や化学成分が変化するため、溶加材の供給速度(ワイヤ送給速度)を変えた試験片を作製して、試験片のリン当量を〔式2〕に基づいて順次算出するとともに、凝固割れの有無や溶接ビードの状態の良否を判別する。
このような作業を繰り返して、ワイヤ送給速度とリン当量との関係から、凝固割れが生じない管理基準以下のリン当量及びワイヤ送給速度の範囲を求めて、適正範囲で運用することが行なわれる。
【0015】
【実施例】
下地として、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼のSUS309L,ニッケル合金系のインコネル600及びインコネル182を選定し、溶加材として、JIS−Z 3334のYNiCr−3相当品であるニッケル合金系のインコネル82を選定して、ワイヤ送給速度を変化させながら試験片を作製し、溶接ビード(最終ビード)のリン当量を算出した。
その結果を図2に示す。
ただし、下地がインコネル600及びインコネル182である場合には、凝固割れが発生せず、かつSUS309Lである場合にあっても、溶接ビードの最終パス以外では、図1に示す前ビードBの部分が、後のビードにより次々に希釈されるため、条件が厳しくなる最終パスの評価のみを説明する。
【0016】
図3は、肉盛部におけるビードの状況を示している。
試験条件として、次のパラメータを設定した。
下地:SUS309L
溶接速度:8cm/分
ビード重ね代:5mm
インコネル600:1パス
インコネル182:5パス
SUS309L:2パス
SUS309Lのリン当量値:0.01353
SUS309Lの化学成分
C:0.04以下,Si:1.00以下,Mn:2.00以下,P:0.045 以下,S:0.03以下,Ni:12.0〜15.0,Cr:22.0〜24.0,残部:Fe
溶加材(溶加棒)の直径:1.2mm
インコネル82の化学成分の概略
C:0.10以下,Si:0.50以下,Mn:2.5 〜3.5 ,P:0.03以下,S:0.015 以下,Ni:67.0以上,Cu:0.50以下,Cr:18.0〜22.0,Fe:3.0 以下,Nb+Ta:2.0 〜3.0 ,Ti:0.75以下であるものを適用した。
【0017】
ステンレス鋼の下地にニッケル合金の肉盛溶接を行なった図2例について検討すると、リン当量値が0.005以下である条件下では凝固割れが発生せず、その際のワイヤ送給速度は、60cm以上となることが明らかである。
そして、ビード形状を安定させて、溶接ビードの形成後における研磨加工等の後加工を省略したい場合には、下地のSUS309Lのリン当量値が、0.01353となっている条件下で、ワイヤ送給速度を60〜90cm/分となるように設定すればよいことが明らかである。
【0018】
【発明の効果】
本発明に係るステンレス鋼に対するニッケル合金の肉盛溶接方法によれば、以下の効果を奏する。
(1) 肉盛溶接部分のリン当量を求めておいて、肉盛溶接により形成されるビードのリン当量を、溶加材の供給速度に基づいて設定することにより、凝固割れの発生を定量的に把握して、発生を確実に防止することができる。
(2) 溶接ビードの重複率や溶接速度を固定して、溶加材の供給速度の範囲を設定することにより、溶接条件を変更し直すことなく、溶接作業性を向上させることができる。
(3) 肉盛溶接部の試験片を作製して、各ビードの断面積の断面積を求め、リン当量にそれぞれの断面積比を乗じて足し合わせることにより、溶接ビードのリン当量を容易に算出して、凝固割れ対策を速やかに行なうことができる。
(4) 溶接ビードのリン当量値を監視して、管理基準値以下となるように溶加材の供給速度を調整することにより、下地や溶加材の化学成分による影響を低減して、肉盛溶接を安定状態で行なうことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明に係るステンレス鋼に対するニッケル合金の肉盛溶接方法の一実施形態を示す溶接ビード部分の模式図である。
【図2】 本発明に係るステンレス鋼に対するニッケル合金の肉盛溶接方法の一実施例におけるワイヤ送給速度とリン当量値との関係曲線図である。
【図3】 本発明に係るステンレス鋼に対するニッケル合金の肉盛溶接方法の一実施例における溶接ビードの状況を示す正断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 下地
2 溶接ビード
A 下地ビード(下地のビード部分)
B 前ビード(前のビード部分)
C ニッケル合金溶接部(ニッケル合金のビード部分)[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for overlay welding of a nickel alloy to stainless steel, and more particularly to a technique for preventing the occurrence of solidification cracks in the weld overlay.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When nickel alloy overlay welding is performed on the surface of stainless steel by TIG welding or MIG welding, solidification cracks may occur in the overlay welds. This solidification crack is the first weld bead in the overlay welds. Prone to occur in layers.
[0003]
It is considered that this solidification crack occurs because the build-up weld bead undergoes dilution of the underlying stainless steel component and the chemical component in the weld metal changes.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the elucidation of what parameters the welding conditions can be set to prevent solidification cracking is insufficient.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and aims to achieve the following objects.
1) To surely prevent the occurrence of solidification cracks.
2) To improve welding workability by performing overlay welding without changing the welding conditions such as welding speed and welding bead overlap rate.
3) To reduce the influence of the chemical components of the base and filler metal so that overlay welding can be performed in a stable state.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a method of overlay welding of nickel alloy to stainless steel, the phosphorus equivalent of the overlay weld portion is determined in advance, and the range of the supply rate of the filler material made of nickel alloy is set corresponding to the phosphorus equivalent, A technique for performing overlay welding while continuously supplying the filler metal at the above supply speed is adopted.
A technique for obtaining the phosphorus equivalent of the weld bead under conditions where the welding bead overlap ratio and the welding speed are fixed and setting the range of the feed rate of the filler metal based on the phosphorus equivalent is added.
By performing overlay welding work in advance, a test piece of the overlay weld is prepared, and for the overlay weld, the cross-sectional area of the base bead, the cross-sectional area of the front bead, and the cross-sectional area of the nickel alloy weld are determined. A technique for calculating the phosphorus equivalent of the weld bead by multiplying and adding the phosphorus equivalents to the respective cross-sectional area ratios is applied.
Even when the chemical composition of stainless steel and nickel alloy varies, the phosphorus equivalent is monitored, and the feed rate of the filler metal is adjusted so that the phosphorus equivalent value of the weld bead is less than the control standard value. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of solidification cracks in the weld overlay.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a method for overlay welding of a nickel alloy to stainless steel according to the present invention will be described with reference to the schematic diagram of FIG.
[0008]
[Calculation of phosphorus equivalent of overlay welding part]
As shown in FIG. 1, a weld bead 2 is formed by overlay welding of a nickel alloy on a stainless steel base 1, but a test piece of an overlay weld is prepared in advance and welded. The phosphorus equivalent for each part (base bead A, front bead B, nickel alloy weld C) of bead 2 (weld) is determined.
The phosphorus equivalent (Peq) value is calculated by the following [Equation 1].
Figure 0003711664
However, P: (phosphorus), S: (sulfur), C: (carbon), Si: (silicon), Mn: (manganese), Cr: (chromium), Ni: (nickel).
[0009]
The phosphorus equivalent of the base 1 is calculated based on the chemical component of the stainless steel, but the phosphorus equivalent naturally changes due to variations in the actual chemical component.
Further, since the phosphorus equivalent of the weld bead 2 portion (the build-up weld portion) changes by adjusting the following (1), (2), (3), and (4), a technique for controlling them can be considered.
(1) Chemical composition of nickel alloy melt (2) Penetration rate by changing the overlap rate of weld beads (3) Penetration rate by controlling welding speed (4) Wire (filler, filler rod) supply amount Penetration rate by adjusting [0010]
However, among these techniques, the techniques (1), (2), and (3) have difficulties in the following points, and are difficult in practice.
Technique (1): It is necessary to adjust the chemical composition of the nickel alloy melt whenever the chemical composition of the underlying stainless steel is different.
Technique (2): The bead appearance tends to deteriorate.
Technique (3): Since the amount of heat input varies, welding workability is likely to deteriorate.
[0011]
On the other hand, the technique (4): the technique for adjusting the wire supply amount does not substantially change other welding conditions and does not require a new apparatus. Adopted in form.
[0012]
For the base (stainless steel) and filler metal (nickel alloy), the respective phosphorus equivalents are calculated based on their chemical components.
In the test piece of the built-up welded part produced in advance, the phosphorus equivalent for each part (base bead A, front bead B, nickel alloy welded part C) of the weld bead 2 (welded part) is calculated.
In addition, a test piece is produced by simulating an actual machine construction under conditions in which a welding bead overlap rate (overlap rate) and a welding speed are fixed among welding conditions in an actual (actual machine) welding operation.
[0013]
[Calculation of each cross-sectional area]
The prepared test piece was observed by observing a cross section of the weld bead 2 (overlay weld), and the aforementioned base bead (base bead portion) A, front bead (previous bead portion) B, nickel alloy weld (nickel). For the bead portion (C) of the alloy, the cross-sectional area thereof is calculated.
In the weld bead 2 shown in FIG. 1, if the cross-sectional areas of the base bead A, the front bead B, and the nickel alloy weld C are represented by A, B, and C, the phosphorus equivalent value (Peq) of the new weld bead (new bead) (Value) is calculated by the following [Equation 2] by multiplying and adding the respective area ratios.
Figure 0003711664
[0014]
As described above, when overlay welding is performed by fixing the overlap rate and welding speed of the weld beads 2 and changing only the supply rate of the filler metal, the base bead A, the front bead B, and the nickel alloy shown in FIG. Since the cross-sectional area and chemical composition of the welded portion C change, test pieces with different filler material supply rates (wire feed rates) are prepared, and the phosphorus equivalents of the test pieces are sequentially determined based on [Formula 2]. While calculating, the presence or absence of a solidification crack and the quality of the state of a weld bead are discriminated.
By repeating such operations, the range of the phosphorus equivalent and the wire feed speed below the control standard that does not cause solidification cracking is determined from the relationship between the wire feed speed and the phosphorus equivalent, and the operation is performed within an appropriate range. It is.
[0015]
【Example】
SUS309L of austenitic stainless steel, Inconel 600 and Inconel 182 of nickel alloy are selected as the base, and Inconel 82 of nickel alloy which is equivalent to YNiCr-3 of JIS-Z 3334 is selected as the filler material. The test piece was produced while changing the wire feed speed, and the phosphorus equivalent of the weld bead (final bead) was calculated.
The result is shown in FIG.
However, when the base is Inconel 600 and Inconel 182, solidification cracking does not occur and even in the case of SUS309L, the portion of the front bead B shown in FIG. Only the evaluation of the final pass, where the conditions become stricter, will be described because it is successively diluted by subsequent beads.
[0016]
FIG. 3 shows a bead situation in the built-up portion.
The following parameters were set as test conditions.
Base: SUS309L
Welding speed: 8 cm / min Bead overlap: 5 mm
Inconel 600: 1 pass Inconel 182: 5 pass SUS309L: 2 pass SUS309L phosphorus equivalent value: 0.01353
Chemical component C of SUS309L: 0.04 or less, Si: 1.00 or less, Mn: 2.00 or less, P: 0.045 or less, S: 0.03 or less, Ni: 12.0 to 15.0, Cr: 22.0 to 24.0, balance: Fe
Diameter of filler material (melting rod): 1.2 mm
Outline of chemical components of Inconel 82: C: 0.10 or less, Si: 0.50 or less, Mn: 2.5 to 3.5, P: 0.03 or less, S: 0.015 or less, Ni: 67.0 or more, Cu: 0.50 or less, Cr: 18.0 to 22.0, Fe : 3.0 or less, Nb + Ta: 2.0 to 3.0, Ti: 0.75 or less was applied.
[0017]
Examining the example of FIG. 2 in which the nickel alloy is overlay welded on the stainless steel base, solidification cracking does not occur under the condition that the phosphorus equivalent value is 0.005 or less, and the wire feeding speed at that time is It is clear that it becomes 60 cm or more.
When it is desired to stabilize the bead shape and omit post-processing such as polishing after the formation of the weld bead, the wire feed is performed under the condition that the phosphorus equivalent value of the underlying SUS309L is 0.01353. It is clear that the feeding speed may be set to be 60 to 90 cm / min.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
According to the overlay welding method of the nickel alloy for the stainless steel according to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) Obtain the phosphorus equivalent of the weld overlay and set the phosphorus equivalent of the beads formed by overlay welding based on the feed rate of the filler metal to quantitatively determine the occurrence of solidification cracks. It is possible to reliably prevent the occurrence.
(2) By fixing the welding bead overlap rate and the welding speed and setting the range of the feed rate of the filler metal, welding workability can be improved without changing the welding conditions again.
(3) Prepare the test piece of the overlay weld, determine the cross-sectional area of each bead, multiply the phosphorus equivalent by the respective cross-sectional area ratio, and add the phosphorus equivalent of the weld bead easily. By calculating, it is possible to promptly take measures against solidification cracking.
(4) By monitoring the phosphorus equivalent value of the weld bead and adjusting the feed rate of the filler metal so that it is below the control standard value, the influence of the chemical composition of the base and filler metal is reduced, and the meat Live welding can be performed in a stable state.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a weld bead portion showing an embodiment of a method for overlay welding of a nickel alloy to stainless steel according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a relationship curve diagram between a wire feed speed and a phosphorus equivalent value in an embodiment of a method for overlay welding a nickel alloy to stainless steel according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a front sectional view showing a situation of a weld bead in an embodiment of a method for overlay welding a nickel alloy to stainless steel according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Ground 2 Weld Bead A Ground Bead (Base Bead)
B Front bead (front bead part)
C Nickel alloy weld (Nickel alloy bead)

Claims (3)

ステンレス鋼にニッケル合金の肉盛溶接を行なう方法であって、肉盛溶接部分のリン当量に対応してニッケル合金からなる溶加材の供給速度の範囲を設定し、上記供給速度で溶加材を連続供給しながら肉盛溶接を行なうことを特徴とするステンレス鋼に対するニッケル合金の肉盛溶接方法。A method for overlay welding of a nickel alloy to stainless steel, in which a range of the supply rate of a filler metal made of a nickel alloy is set corresponding to the phosphorus equivalent of the overlay weld portion, and the filler material at the above supply rate Build-up welding of nickel alloy to stainless steel, characterized in that overlay welding is performed while continuously supplying 溶接ビードの重複率及び溶接速度を固定した条件下で、溶接ビードのリン当量を求め、該リン当量を基準として溶加材の供給速度の範囲を設定することを特徴とする請求項1記載のステンレス鋼に対するニッケル合金の肉盛溶接方法。2. The weld bead phosphorus equivalent is obtained under conditions where the welding bead overlap rate and welding speed are fixed, and the range of the feed rate of the filler metal is set based on the phosphorus equivalent. Overlay welding method of nickel alloy to stainless steel. 溶接部について、下地ビードの断面積,前ビードの断面積,ニッケル合金溶接部の断面積を求め、リン当量にそれぞれの断面積比を乗じて足し合わせることにより、溶接ビードのリン当量を算出することを特徴とする請求項2記載のステンレス鋼に対するニッケル合金の肉盛溶接方法。Calculate the phosphorus equivalent of the weld bead by calculating the cross-sectional area of the base bead, the cross-sectional area of the front bead, and the cross-sectional area of the nickel alloy weld, and multiplying the phosphorus equivalent by the respective cross-sectional area ratios. The build-up welding method of the nickel alloy with respect to the stainless steel of Claim 2 characterized by the above-mentioned.
JP29089496A 1996-10-31 1996-10-31 Overlay welding method of nickel alloy to stainless steel Expired - Fee Related JP3711664B2 (en)

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US9029609B2 (en) 2012-04-13 2015-05-12 Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. Phenol purification process

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JP6619232B2 (en) * 2016-01-08 2019-12-11 日立Geニュークリア・エナジー株式会社 Welding method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9029609B2 (en) 2012-04-13 2015-05-12 Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. Phenol purification process

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