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JP3713635B2 - Concrete moldings and structures - Google Patents
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JP3713635B2 - Concrete moldings and structures - Google Patents

Concrete moldings and structures Download PDF

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JP3713635B2
JP3713635B2 JP27725295A JP27725295A JP3713635B2 JP 3713635 B2 JP3713635 B2 JP 3713635B2 JP 27725295 A JP27725295 A JP 27725295A JP 27725295 A JP27725295 A JP 27725295A JP 3713635 B2 JP3713635 B2 JP 3713635B2
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saponin
concrete
containing agent
molded product
cement
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JPH09100147A (en
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榮一 田代
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/38Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00758Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for agri-, sylvi- or piscicultural or cattle-breeding applications
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/74Underwater applications

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Aftertreatments Of Artificial And Natural Stones (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、サポニン含有剤を混入したコンクリート成型品やコンクリート構築物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近来、微生物を利用する生物的排水処理において、サポニン含有剤を使用することが、行なわれつつある。これは、サポニン含有剤が微生物の生理活性を高めたり酸素移動効率の増大作用を呈することが判明し、また界面活性作用を有していることの結果である。そして、サポニン含有剤を排水に添加することにより、活性汚泥処理装置の処理能力の増大や処理水質の安定化、余剰汚泥の減少、ノルマルヘキサン抽出物の分解によるスカムの減少等、様々な優れた効果を奏する。最近では、その機序の理論的解明がかなりなされている。
【0003】
一方ここ十〜数十年来、河川や湖沼、ダム、海等の底部にヘドロが溜まるとか河川水の汚濁が甚だしくなるなど、天然水系の水質の悪化が言われて久しい。これは、工業排水の増大とともに、家庭排水などが未処理のまま放流ているのが原因であると言われている。しかし、護岸工事の普及で汚濁物質を分解する微生物の住処である落葉などの植物体が、水辺から姿を消したことも大きな原因の一つと思われる。即ち、多くの植物、特に落葉樹の葉には程度の差こそあれサポニン成分が含まれており、これが微生物の活性化に大きな役割を果たしていたと考えられる。因みに、禿山の場合はその下流にある河川や沿岸の水が濁るとともに、魚介類が減少する事実が各所で観察されている。これは、サポニン含量の低下により魚介類の餌となる微生物や原生動物が減少したためと思われる。
【0004】
従って、サポニン含有剤を河川や湖沼等に投入して不足がちなサポニン成分を追加すれば、微生物の活性化が図られて天然水系の浄化が進行するものと思われる。ただ、現在の排水処理に於けるサポニン含有剤は、処理効率を上げるためにかなり高濃度で使用されている。例えば、キラヤサポニン(トリテルペノイド系サポニンとして1.9%、天然サポニンとして約4%)を含むシャボンの木の抽出液の場合、0.1〜10ppm 、より好ましくは0.5〜4ppm (ノルマルヘキサン抽出物が多い場合は4〜10ppm )程度が必要とされている。また、その使用態様は、液状のサポニン含有剤をポンプ等で処理槽中に定量的に投入することにより行われている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、河川水等の場合にサポニン濃度を排水処理施設並みにするには、莫大量のサポニン含有剤が必要になり、とても対応できない。しかも、広い範囲にわたって、液状のサポニン含有剤をポンプ等で定量的に投入することも不可能である。しかし、サポニン濃度は高いことが好ましいが、実際上はそこまで必要はなく、要は、従前の落葉から溶出する程度のものを加えてやれば十分であるし、例え僅かでもそれなりの効果は期待できる。
【0006】
一方、河川や湖沼、海岸等の護岸等の目的で、コンクリート成型品やコンクリート構築物が広く用いられている。これらは、強度的には優れているが、従来の土壌を固めた護岸とは異なり、微生物の住処には不適である。そこで、コンクリート成型品や構築物を利用して、サポニンの溶出を行なわせることができれば、一挙両得である。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
以上のような現状に鑑み、本発明者は鋭意研究の結果本発明を完成させたものであり、その特徴とするところは、サポニン含有剤をセメント、骨材及び必要量の水とともに混合して、河川や湖沼、海岸等に敷設する護岸ブロックや消波ブロック或いは水中に投入する礫状の成型品を成型したり、水路等を構成する構築物を打設することにある。或いは、成型品や構築物は従来通りに製造し、その成型品や構築物の表面に、サポニン含有剤を混入したセメントペースト、モルタル或いはコンクリートを、塗布、塗り込み、或いは打ち込みにより一体化させてもよい。表面に施す方法は、河川等に既設のコンクリート成型品や構造物に対しても応用できる。
【0008】
セメントは、サポニン含有剤を抱え込む力が大きく、水中に徐々に溶出させる。従って、サポニン含有剤を混練した成型品や構築物の場合は、その大きさにもよるが、内側のサポニンが溶出するにはかなりの時間がかかるし、永久に残存したままのことも考えられる。そこで、大形の成型品や構築物の場合には、表面部分のみにサポニン含有剤を混入したセメントペーストやモルタル、コンクリートを使用すれば、コストも安いしサポニンの有効利用が図られる。但し、大形の成型品を破砕して礫等を製造する場合には、一体に混練したものを使用する。尚、成型や構築は従来方法で行なう。
【0009】
セメントとは、石灰質原料に粘土質原料を混合してその一部が溶融するまで焼成して得たクリンカーに、適量の石膏を加えて粉砕したものである(ポルトランドセメント)。本発明では、ポルトランドセメントの他に、スラグを混入粉砕した高炉セメントや、シリカ分を混入粉砕したシリカセメント、フライアッシュを混入粉砕したフライアッシュセメントなども用いられる。
【0010】
次に、液状のサポニン含有剤とは、サポニンを多く含む植物体の抽出液のことである。ここにサポニンとは、植物体に含有される配糖体の一種で、セッケンのように著しくアワ立つコロイド水溶液を作るものの総称であり、多くの植物から見出されている。本発明では用いるサポニンの種類は問わないが、コストや安定供給の点から、植物体中の含有量が多く且つその植物が大量に存在し安定して入手できるものが好ましい。この観点から、キラヤサポニンやユッカ、砂糖大根、なぎいかだ、大豆等から得られるサポニンが好ましい。サポニン含有剤は、植物体から抽出した抽出液(溶媒を含む)をそのまま用いてもよく、それを精製したもの自体でもよい。抽出の方法は通常の方法でよく、水やエタノール等の低級アルコール等で抽出できる。更に、この抽出液を精製したり濃縮したものも使用できるし、液状のものを真空乾燥等、従来公知の方法で粉末にしたものも使用できる。
【0011】
この内特に、南米のチリー、ボリビア、ペルー等に自生するシャボンの木(学名:Quilaia saponaria Mol.バラ科)から抽出したキラヤサポニンが好適である。これは、化1の構造を有するキラヤ酸をアグリコン(配糖体の非糖質部分)とするトリテルペン系の配糖体であり化2で表わされもので、構造及び分析技術が解明されている数少ないサポニンであるし、比較的サポニン含有濃度の高い抽出液が得られることによる。尚、現在市場に供給されているキラヤサポニンは、前述したトリテルペノイド系サポニン1.9%含有のもの(水やエタノール等の溶媒約70%、糖類約20%を含有)や、これを濃縮したトリテルペノイド系サポニンを4.3%(天然サポニンとして10%含有、その他溶媒として水が約44%、エタノールが約10%、糖類約30%含有)含有するものものである。また、キラヤサポニンを精製して濃縮したものや、更にこれらを粉末化したものも提供されている。
【化1】

Figure 0003713635
【化2】
Figure 0003713635
【0012】
また、ユッカサポニンは、北アメリカ南部や西インド諸島に産するユッカ種の植物の茎から抽出したもので、ステロイド系サポニンの一種である。現在市場に提供されているものは、抽出液中に約1〜1.5%程度の活性ステロイドサポニンを含有(溶媒約80%、糖類約9%含有)しており、同様に排水処理に用いられている。ただ、キラヤサポニンに比べて、消臭力は優れるが生物活性能力は幾分劣る。その他砂糖大根から得られるビートサポニン(オレアノール酸の配糖体で、トリテルペノイド系サポニンの一種)も原材料が大量にあるので、安定供給される可能性がある。
【0013】
サポニン含有剤としては、上記した液状のサポニン含有剤の他に、これを従来公知の方法で粉末化したものも使用できる。もっとも、セメントを硬化させるのに必ず水が必要なので、わざわざ粉末にする必要はあまりない。ただ、セメントと水(液状サポニン含有剤)の混合割合にはある許容範囲があるので、高サポニン化を図るためには、粉末のものを併用するとよい。
【0014】
次に、本発明のコンクリート成型品の製法について説明する。まず、セメントに適量の骨材を混ぜ、これに適量のサポニン含有剤(液状)を水とともに加えてよく混合し、型にいれて硬化させる。この操作は従来と同じである。成型品の大きさは特に限定はないが、用途に合わせて成型する。大きな板状のものを作り、これを小割りにしてもよい。セメントとサポニン含有剤(シャボンの木の抽出液:キラヤサポニン、水分44%のものの場合)の割合は、重量比で1:0.01〜0.5程度である。尚、セメントは糖分(シャボンの木の抽出液中に多い)を混ぜると、硬化速度や強度が低下すると言われている。従ってこのサポニン含有剤の場合、成型品の種類にもよるが0.5以上の混入は危険である。また、添加量が少なければ、溶出量も少なくなる。より好ましくは、1:0.1〜0.3程度である。もっとも、シャボンの木の抽出液から糖分を除去したものや、糖分が少ない他のサポニン含有剤を使用する場合、或いは強度をさほど要求されない成型品の場合には、等量程度までは使用可能である。水分調整が困難であれば、サポニン濃度を高めるか粉末状にしたものを使用すればよい。コンクリート構築物の場合も、成型品と同様にサポニン含有剤を混練したコンクリートを、型枠内に打設する。
【0015】
成型品や構築物の表面にサポニン含有剤を混練したセメントペースト、モルタル或いはコンクリートを、塗布、塗り込み、或いは打ち込みにより一体化させる場合、強度は本体が保つので、モルタル等に含まれるサポニン含有剤の量は、全体に混練する場合よりも多くすることが可能になる。
【0016】
このようにして得られたコンクリート成型品、或いはコンクリート構築物は、河川や湖沼、ダム、海等に設置或いは投入すると、1〜数年或いはそれ以上の長期にわたって徐々にサポニン成分を溶出するので、微生物の活性化ひいてはヘドロの減少に役立つものである。従って、液状のものを定量添加するような手間も不要で、しかも天然水系に常にサポニンが供給される。
【0017】
また、コンクリート成型品や構築物からサポニン含有剤が溶出した跡は、微細な空隙となって、微生物に最適な住処を与える効果もある。
【0018】
【実施例】
次に、実施例により本発明を更に詳細に説明する。
(実施例 1)
セメント1Kgに、骨材として砂7Kg、サポニン含有剤(天然サポニンとして10%含有、水分約44%)400g、及び水/セメント比が45%になるように274gの水を加え、十分に混合して護岸用の間知ブロックの型に入れ、約24時間後に脱型した。
【0019】
この間知ブロックを砕いてその小片をシャーレに入れ、水を加えて約1月間放置しておいた。この水の一滴を採って、400倍の顕微鏡で観察したところ、1に示すように、多くのバクテリアが活発に活動している状態が見られた。一方、サポニン含有剤を含まない間知ブロックの破片を、同様にして観察したところ、示すようにバクテリアは全く見出せなかった。これは、水中に溶出したサポニンが、バクテリアの栄養及び活力源となったことの左証である。
【0020】
(実施例 2)
骨材として、砂2Kg、小粒の採石5Kgを使用した以外は実施例1と同様な配合のコンクリートを、型枠に流し込んで、厚み5cm、幅20cm、長さ50cm程度の板状コンクリート成型品を得た。これを、脱型後に拳大に割り、長さ10m、幅及び水深が30cm程度の人工水路に、約10cm程度の深さに敷き詰めた。この水路に、河川の水を流し込んで2時間滞留させ、処理の前後に於ける水質を比較測定したところ、以下のような効果が得られた(単位はmg/リットル)。実験は5回行い、その平均を取った。尚、比較水質とは、普通の礫を同様に敷き詰めた場合の測定値である。
Figure 0003713635
この結果、本発明のコンクリート成型品の場合、礫がない場合は勿論、普通の礫を用いた場合に比べても、処理水質が向上していることが判る。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述したように、本発明のコンクリート成型品或いはコンクリート構築物は、セメントと骨材及びサポニン含有剤を主成分とするものである。そして、セメントの優れたサポニン含有剤保持(抱き込み)能力により、サポニン徐溶出性の成型品或いは構築物を提供するものである。
【0032】
従って、以下の様な効果を生じる。
1)セメントと骨材及びサポニン含有剤を材料とし、これらを混合して成型するだけであるから、特別な装置や技術を必要とせずに、安価大量に製造することができる。構築物の場合も、従来と同様の方法で簡単に打設できる。
2)成型されているので、通常の成型品と同様に単に河川等に設置するだけですみ、特殊なサポニン供給装置等は必要としない。構築物の場合も同様である。
河川等に既設したコンクリート成型や構造物の場合、その表面にサポニン含有剤を含むモルタル等を塗り込む等により、容易に対応させることができる。
3)サポニン含有剤はセメントに抱き込まれた状態で均一に含まれており、しかもセメントにより徐溶出性が与えられているため、サポニン成分は1年或いはそれ以上の長期にわたってほぼ均等に溶出する。
4)サポニン含有剤の溶出量は、混練するサポニン含有剤の割合や、設置する成型品の数や表面積、構築物の面積によって簡単に調節することができる。
5)河川や湖沼、ダム、海岸等に設置或いは投入することにより、サポニン成分を徐々に溶出し、その周囲や流域に棲息する微生物を活性化してヘドロ等の除去に大きな効果をもたらす。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係るコンクリート成型品を破砕し、水を加えて放置したその水の図面に代える顕微鏡写真である。
【図2】サポニン含有剤を含まないコンクリート成型品を破砕し、水を加えて放置したその水の図面に代える顕微鏡写真である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a concrete molded product or a concrete structure mixed with a saponin-containing agent.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Recently, the use of a saponin-containing agent is being performed in biological wastewater treatment using microorganisms. This is a result of the fact that the saponin-containing agent has an effect of increasing the physiological activity of microorganisms and increasing the oxygen transfer efficiency, and has a surface-active effect. And by adding the saponin-containing agent to the wastewater, various excellent properties such as increased treatment capacity of the activated sludge treatment device, stabilization of treated water quality, reduction of excess sludge, reduction of scum due to decomposition of normal hexane extract, etc. There is an effect. Recently, the mechanism has been clarified theoretically.
[0003]
On the other hand, it has been a long time since the last ten to decades that the quality of natural water systems has deteriorated, such as sludge collecting at the bottom of rivers, lakes, dams, seas, etc. This is said to be caused by the increase in industrial wastewater and the discharge of household wastewater and the like untreated. However, it seems that one of the major causes is the disappearance of plants such as fallen leaves that are the residence of microorganisms that decompose pollutants due to the spread of revetment works. That is, many plants, especially the leaves of deciduous trees, contain saponin components to varying degrees, and this seems to have played a major role in activating microorganisms. Incidentally, in the case of Ulsan, the fact that the rivers and coastal waters downstream of it are cloudy and the seafood is decreasing has been observed in various places. This is thought to be due to the decrease in microorganisms and protozoa that feed on seafood due to a decrease in saponin content.
[0004]
Therefore, if saponin-containing agents are added to rivers, lakes, etc. and saponin components that tend to be deficient are added, microorganisms will be activated and purification of natural water systems will proceed. However, the saponin-containing agent in the current wastewater treatment is used at a considerably high concentration in order to increase the treatment efficiency. For example, in the case of a soap tree extract containing quillaja saponin (1.9% as a triterpenoid saponin and approximately 4% as a natural saponin), 0.1 to 10 ppm, more preferably 0.5 to 4 ppm (normal hexane extraction) When there are many things, about 4-10 ppm) is required. Moreover, the use aspect is performed by supplying | throwing-in liquid saponin containing agent quantitatively in a processing tank with a pump.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in the case of river water or the like, a huge amount of saponin-containing agent is required to make the saponin concentration the same as that of a wastewater treatment facility, which is not possible. In addition, it is impossible to quantitatively add the liquid saponin-containing agent with a pump or the like over a wide range. However, it is preferable that the saponin concentration is high, but in practice it is not necessary so much. it can.
[0006]
On the other hand, concrete molded products and concrete structures are widely used for the purpose of revetment such as rivers, lakes, and coasts. Although these are excellent in strength, they are unsuitable for the residence of microorganisms, unlike conventional revetments that harden soil. Thus, if saponins can be eluted using concrete moldings and structures, it is possible to obtain both benefits.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the present situation as described above, the present inventors have completed the present invention as a result of intensive studies, and the feature thereof is that a saponin-containing agent is mixed with cement, aggregate, and a necessary amount of water. The purpose is to form a revetment block or wave-dissipating block to be laid on rivers, lakes, shores, etc., or a gravel-shaped molded product to be poured into water, or to construct a structure that constitutes a waterway or the like. Alternatively, a molded product or a structure may be manufactured as usual, and cement paste, mortar, or concrete mixed with a saponin-containing agent may be integrated on the surface of the molded product or the structure by coating, painting, or driving. . The method applied to the surface can also be applied to concrete moldings and structures already installed in rivers.
[0008]
Cement has a strong ability to hold a saponin-containing agent and gradually dissolves in water. Therefore, in the case of a molded product or a structure in which a saponin-containing agent is kneaded, depending on its size, it takes a considerable time for the inner saponin to elute, and it may remain permanently. Therefore, in the case of a large molded article or structure, if cement paste, mortar, or concrete in which a saponin-containing agent is mixed only on the surface portion is used, the cost can be reduced and saponin can be effectively used. However, when crushing a large molded product to produce gravel, etc., a kneaded mixture is used. Molding and construction are performed by conventional methods.
[0009]
Cement is obtained by adding a suitable amount of gypsum to a clinker obtained by mixing a calcareous raw material with a calcareous raw material and firing it until part of it is melted (Portland cement). In the present invention, in addition to Portland cement, blast furnace cement mixed with slag, pulverized silica cement mixed with silica, and fly ash cement mixed with fly ash are used.
[0010]
Next, the liquid saponin-containing agent is an extract of a plant body containing a large amount of saponin. Here, saponin is a kind of glycoside contained in a plant body, and is a collective term for making a colloidal aqueous solution that is remarkably abundant like soap, and has been found in many plants. In the present invention, the type of saponin to be used is not limited. From the viewpoint of cost and stable supply, a saponin having a high content in the plant body and a large amount of the plant that can be stably obtained is preferable. From this viewpoint, saponins obtained from Kiraya saponin, yucca, sugar radish, sea bream, soybeans and the like are preferable. As the saponin-containing agent, an extract (including a solvent) extracted from a plant body may be used as it is, or a purified product itself may be used. The extraction method may be a normal method, and can be extracted with water, lower alcohol such as ethanol, or the like. Further, a purified or concentrated solution of this extract can be used, and a liquid that has been powdered by a conventionally known method such as vacuum drying can be used.
[0011]
Of these, Quillaja saponin extracted from a soap tree (scientific name: Quilaia saponaria Mol. Rosaceae) that naturally grows in South America such as Chilly, Bolivia, and Peru is preferred. This is a triterpene-based glycoside having aglycone having the structure of Chemical Formula 1 as an aglycon (non-carbohydrate part of the glycoside), and is represented by Chemical Formula 2. This is due to the fact that an extract with a relatively high saponin concentration is obtained. Quillaja saponins currently on the market are those containing 1.9% of the above-mentioned triterpenoid saponins (containing about 70% of water, ethanol and other solvents and about 20% of sugars), and concentrated triterpenoids. It contains 4.3% of saponin (containing 10% as natural saponin, about 44% water, about 10% ethanol, about 30% sugar) as other solvents. Moreover, what refine | purified and concentrated Kirayasaponin, and also what pulverized these are also provided.
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0003713635
[Chemical formula 2]
Figure 0003713635
[0012]
Yucca saponin is a kind of steroidal saponin, which is extracted from the stems of Yucca species in southern North America and West Indies. What is currently offered to the market contains about 1 to 1.5% active steroid saponin in the extract (solvent about 80%, sugar about 9%) and is also used for wastewater treatment It has been. However, compared with Kirayasaponin, it has better deodorizing ability but somewhat less bioactivity. In addition, beet saponin (glycol of oleanolic acid, a kind of triterpenoid saponin) obtained from sugar radish has a large amount of raw materials, so it may be stably supplied.
[0013]
As the saponin-containing agent, in addition to the liquid saponin-containing agent described above, a powder obtained by pulverizing this by a conventionally known method can also be used. However, water is always required to harden the cement, so it is not necessary to use powder. However, since there is a certain allowable range in the mixing ratio of cement and water (liquid saponin-containing agent), in order to achieve high saponification, it is preferable to use a powdered material in combination.
[0014]
Next, the manufacturing method of the concrete molded product of this invention is demonstrated. First, an appropriate amount of aggregate is mixed with cement, and an appropriate amount of a saponin-containing agent (liquid) is added together with water and mixed well. This operation is the same as before. The size of the molded product is not particularly limited, but it is molded according to the application. You may make a big plate-shaped thing and make this into small parts. The ratio of the cement and the saponin-containing agent (in the case of soap extract: Quillaja saponin, water 44%) is about 1: 0.01 to 0.5 in weight ratio. In addition, it is said that a cement will mix | blend sugar content (abundant in the extract of a soap tree), and a cure rate and intensity | strength will fall. Therefore, in the case of this saponin-containing agent, mixing of 0.5 or more is dangerous depending on the type of the molded product. Moreover, if the addition amount is small, the elution amount is also small. More preferably, it is about 1: 0.1 to 0.3. However, it is possible to use up to an equivalent amount when the sugar content is removed from the soap tree extract, when other saponin-containing agents with low sugar content are used, or when the molded product does not require much strength. is there. If it is difficult to adjust the water content, the saponin concentration may be increased or powdered. In the case of a concrete structure, concrete mixed with a saponin-containing agent is placed in a mold as in the case of a molded product.
[0015]
When cement paste, mortar, or concrete kneaded with a saponin-containing agent on the surface of a molded product or structure is integrated by coating, painting, or driving, the strength is maintained by the main body, so the saponin-containing agent contained in the mortar etc. The amount can be made larger than when kneading the whole.
[0016]
Since the concrete molded product or concrete structure obtained in this way is eluted in a saponin component over a long period of 1 to several years or more when installed or put into a river, lake, dam, sea, etc., microorganisms It is useful for the activation of and thus the reduction of sludge. Therefore, there is no need to add a fixed amount of liquid, and saponin is always supplied to the natural water system.
[0017]
In addition, the trace of the saponin-containing agent eluting from the concrete molded product or the structure becomes a fine void, which has an effect of providing an optimum living place for microorganisms.
[0018]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
(Example 1)
Add 1Kg of cement to 7Kg of sand as aggregate, 400g of saponin-containing agent (10% natural saponin, about 44% moisture), and 274g of water so that the water / cement ratio is 45% and mix well. It was put in the mold of the block for revetment and demolded after about 24 hours.
[0019]
During this time, the knowledge block was crushed and the small piece was placed in a petri dish, and water was added and left for about one month. The drop of water takes a was observed with a microscope of 400 magnifications, as shown in FIG. 1, a state that many bacteria are active in observed. On the other hand, the fragments of city blocks without the saponin-containing agent, was observed in the same manner, the bacteria were not found at all, as shown in FIG. This is a proof that saponin eluted in water has become a nutrient and vitality source of bacteria.
[0020]
(Example 2)
A concrete composition having the same composition as in Example 1 except that 2 Kg of sand and 5 Kg of small quarry stone is used as an aggregate is poured into a formwork to form a plate-like concrete product having a thickness of about 5 cm, a width of 20 cm, and a length of about 50 cm. Obtained. After demolding, this was divided into fists and spread over an artificial water channel having a length of 10 m, a width and a water depth of about 30 cm to a depth of about 10 cm. When the river water was poured into this water channel and allowed to stay for 2 hours, and the water quality before and after the treatment was comparatively measured, the following effects were obtained (unit: mg / liter). The experiment was performed 5 times and the average was taken. The comparative water quality is a measured value when ordinary gravel is spread similarly.
Figure 0003713635
As a result, in the case of the concrete molded product of the present invention, it can be seen that the quality of treated water is improved not only when there is no gravel, but also when compared with the case where ordinary gravel is used.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As described in detail above, the concrete molded product or concrete structure of the present invention is mainly composed of cement, aggregate, and saponin-containing agent. And the saponin slow eluting molded article or structure is provided by the outstanding saponin-containing agent holding | maintenance (embracing) capability of cement.
[0032]
Therefore, the following effects are produced.
1) Since cement, an aggregate, and a saponin-containing agent are used as materials, and these are simply mixed and molded, they can be manufactured in large quantities at low cost without the need for special equipment or technology. In the case of a structure, it can be easily placed by a method similar to the conventional method.
2) Since it is molded, it can be installed in a river just like a normal molded product, and no special saponin supply device is required. The same applies to the structure.
In the case of a concrete molding or structure already installed in a river or the like, it can be easily handled by applying mortar containing a saponin-containing agent to the surface.
3) Since the saponin-containing agent is uniformly contained in the state of being embraced in the cement, and the saponin component is given by the cement, the saponin component elutes almost uniformly over a long period of one year or more. .
4) The elution amount of the saponin-containing agent can be easily adjusted by the ratio of the saponin-containing agent to be kneaded, the number and surface area of the molded products to be installed, and the area of the structure.
5) By installing or injecting into rivers, lakes, dams, coasts, etc., saponin components are gradually eluted, and microorganisms living in the surroundings and watersheds are activated to have a great effect on removing sludge and the like.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a photomicrograph in place of a drawing of water obtained by crushing a concrete molded product according to the present invention, adding water and leaving it to stand.
FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph in place of a drawing of water obtained by crushing a concrete molded product that does not contain a saponin-containing agent and adding water.

Claims (5)

コンクリート成型品の表面に、サポニン含有剤を混入したセメントペースト、モルタル或いはコンクリートを、塗布、塗り込み、或いは打ち込みにより一体化させたことを特徴とするコンクリート成型品。 A concrete molded product obtained by integrating cement paste, mortar, or concrete mixed with a saponin-containing agent on the surface of a concrete molded product by coating, painting, or driving . コンクリート構築物の表面に、サポニン含有剤を混入したセメントペースト、モルタル或いはコンクリートを、塗布、塗り込み、或いは打ち込みにより一体化させたことを特徴とするコンクリート構築物。 A concrete structure characterized in that cement paste, mortar or concrete mixed with a saponin-containing agent is integrated on the surface of the concrete structure by coating, painting or driving . 既設のコンクリート成型品や構築物の表面に、サポニン含有剤を混入したセメントペースト、モルタル或いはコンクリートを、塗布、塗り込み、或いは打ち込みにより一体化させたものであるコンクリート成型品或いはコンクリート構築物。  A concrete molded product or a concrete structure in which cement paste, mortar or concrete mixed with a saponin-containing agent is integrated on the surface of an existing concrete molded product or structure by coating, painting, or driving. セメントに骨材や水とともにサポニン含有剤を加えて成型したコンクリート成型品を、破砕してなることを特徴とするコンクリート礫。  Concrete gravel characterized by crushing a concrete molded product formed by adding a saponin-containing agent together with aggregate and water to cement. セメントとサポニン含有剤(天然サポニン10%含有物)を、重量比で0.01〜0.5の割合で使用したものである請求項4記載のコンクリート礫。  The concrete gravel according to claim 4, wherein cement and a saponin-containing agent (containing 10% natural saponin) are used at a weight ratio of 0.01 to 0.5.
JP27725295A 1995-09-30 1995-09-30 Concrete moldings and structures Expired - Fee Related JP3713635B2 (en)

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