JP3713802B2 - Toner for developing electrostatic image and developer for electrostatic image - Google Patents
Toner for developing electrostatic image and developer for electrostatic image Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3713802B2 JP3713802B2 JP10262896A JP10262896A JP3713802B2 JP 3713802 B2 JP3713802 B2 JP 3713802B2 JP 10262896 A JP10262896 A JP 10262896A JP 10262896 A JP10262896 A JP 10262896A JP 3713802 B2 JP3713802 B2 JP 3713802B2
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- toner
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- electrostatic image
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Landscapes
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、複写機、プリンタ等に用いられる静電荷像現像剤に関するものであり、より詳しくは帯電立ち上り性のよい小粒径トナー及びそれを用いた静電荷像現像剤に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、高画質の画像形成装置には、殆ど電子写真法等の静電荷像現像法が用いられている。従って、静電荷像現像法に対する画質向上への要求は高く、特にコンピューターやワードプロセッサーのアウトプット用、カラー複写機として用いられる場合の性能向上が求められている。
【0003】
具体的な動向の一つとしては、解像力、鮮鋭度の向上を目指して静電荷像現像剤の改良、特に静電荷像現像用トナーの小粒径化が進められるようになっている。
【0004】
例えば、特開平2−282755号、同3−64763号に見られるごとく、体積平均粒径6〜10μmのトナーにおいて、5.04μm以下のトナー粒子が15〜40個数%、12.7〜16.0μmのものは0.1〜5.0体積%、16.0μm以上のものは1.0体積%以下で、全トナー粒子中体積平均粒径6.35〜10.1μmのものが一定範囲にある静電荷像現像用トナーが開示されている。
【0005】
特開平2−282756号には、体積平均粒径4〜10μmのトナーにおいて、上記と同様な規定を有する静電荷像現像用トナーが開示されている。特開平6−11885号、同6−289648号には、粒径2.0〜4.0μmのものが20〜40個数%、4.0〜8.0μmのものが60個数%以上であり、鉄粉との摩擦帯電量が30μC/g以上のトナーが開示されている。更に特開平6−75430号には、体積平均粒径3〜7μmのトナーにおいて、5.04μm以下のものが40個数%以上、4.0μm以下のものが10〜70体積%、8.0μm以上のものは2〜20体積%、10.08μm以上のものが6体積%以下であるトナーが開示されている。
【0006】
しかし、これらの粒径分布を有する静電荷像現像用トナーでは、帯電量の分布等は均一になることが予想されるが、現像剤を画像形成装置の現像装置に投入し、現像を開始した初期の状態、即ち立ち上げた最初の状態では、現像効率が低くなってしまう問題を有している。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明の目的は帯電の立ち上がりが良好で現像性の優れた静電荷像現像用トナー及び静電荷像現像剤を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の目的は、下記構成の何れかを採ることによって達成される。
【0009】
(1) 体積平均粒径は5.5〜8.0μmであり、かつ粒径5.04μm以下のトナーが41個数%以上であり、粒径8.00μm以上のトナーが1.5体積%未満であることを特徴とする静電荷像現像用トナー。
【0010】
(2) 前記トナーと鉄粉との摩擦帯電量の絶対値が30μC/g未満であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の静電荷像現像用トナー。
【0011】
(3) トナーとキャリアを含有する静電荷像現像剤に於いて、該トナーの体積平均粒径は5.5〜8.0μmであり、かつ粒径5.04μm以下のトナーが41個数%以上であり、粒径8.00μm以上のトナーが1.5体積%未満であり、且つ該キャリアが樹脂被覆型キャリアであることを特徴とする静電荷像現像剤。
【0012】
本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0013】
▲1▼トナーの構成
本発明のトナーは結着樹脂及び必要に応じて使用される着色剤その他の添加剤とを含有する。
【0014】
トナーを構成する結着樹脂としては特に限定されず、従来公知の種々の樹脂が用いられる。例えば、スチレン系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、スチレン−アクリル酸エステル(又はメタアクリル酸エステル)樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂が挙げられる。トナーを構成する着色剤としては特に限定されず、従来公知の種々の材料が使用される。例えばカーボンブラック、ニグロシン染料、アニリンブルー、カルコイルブルー、クロムイエロー、ウルトラマリンブルー、デュポンオイルレッド、キノリンイエロー、メチレンブルークロライド、フタロシアニンブルー、マラカイトグリーンオクサレート、ローズベンガル等が挙げられる。その他の添加剤としては例えばサリチル酸誘導体、アゾ系金属錯体等の荷電制御剤、低分子量ポリオレフィン、カルナウバワックス等の定着性改良剤等が挙げられる。また、本発明のトナーを磁性トナーとして使用する場合には添加剤として磁性体粒子が含まれる。
【0015】
この磁性体粒子としては平均一次粒子径が0.1〜2.0μmのフェライト、マグネタイト等の粒子が用いられる。磁性体粒子の添加量は着色粒子中の20〜70重量%である。
【0016】
また、流動性付与の観点から、無機微粒子をトナー粒子に添加してもよい。無機微粒子としてはシリカ、チタニア、アルミナ等の無機酸化物粒子が好ましく、更に、これら無機微粒子はシランカップリング剤やチタンカップリング剤等によって疎水化処理されていることが好ましい。
【0017】
本発明のトナーはキャリアと混合され、二成分現像剤として使用されるか、或いは磁性トナーのみの一成分現像剤として使用される。二成分現像剤を構成する本発明のトナーと共に使用されるキャリアとしては鉄、フェライト等の磁性粒子のみで構成される非被覆キャリア、磁性材料粒子表面を樹脂等によって被覆した樹脂被覆キャリアの何れを使用してもよいが、本発明のトナーと共に使用するキャリアは、樹脂被覆キャリアであることが好ましい。このキャリアの平均粒径は体積平均粒径で30〜150μmがよい。
【0018】
本発明のトナーを製造するためには、前述の樹脂を着色剤等の添加剤とを混合し、ついで、溶融、混練した後に、粉砕、分級することで得ることができる。これらの溶融、混練、粉砕、分級の各工程は公知であり、本発明のトナーもこれらの各工程を経て製造することが出来、例えば混練を行う方法としては、、特に限定されず、いわゆるエクストルーダーや2軸押し出し機、バンバリーミキサー、2本ロール、3本ロール等の公知の混練装置を使用することができ、また、粉砕を行う場合には、ジェットミル等の気流式粉砕機や機械式粉砕機を種々使用することができる。
【0019】
本発明のトナーは、任意の粒径のものを製造し、必要な粒径分布のものに調整して得ることが出来るが、この粒径分布を調整する方法としては、種々の分級方法を使用することができる。即ち、気流式やコアンダー効果を利用した分級機やサイクロン方式等を使用することができる。
【0020】
更に、本発明のトナーは、ラジカル重合性単量体を使用し、そのものに着色剤等の必要な材料を分散した後に、水中等で懸濁重合を行う、いわゆる重合法トナーであっても良く、また、乳化重合で調製した粒子を複数個会合することで不定形のトナーを調製する型の重合法トナーであっても良い。
【0021】
▲2▼粒径分布の測定方法
本発明では粒径分布について、下記方法で測定されるものとする。
【0022】
測定装置としては、コールターカウンターTA−II(コールター社製)を用い、測定される。
【0023】
まず、電解液として塩化ナトリウムの1%溶液(例えばISOTON−II:コールターサイエンティフィックジャパン社製)を使用し、その電解液100〜150ccに界面活性剤(好ましくはドデシルベンゼンスルフォン酸ナトリウム)を約1%程度になる様にに加える。次いで、測定するトナーを約5〜15mg添加し、超音波を1〜3分間程度加え、かき混ぜながら電解液中にトナーを分散させる。そのトナーが分散された懸濁液を用いて前記コールターカウンターにより測定を行う。
【0024】
測定条件としては、アパーチャー径100μmにて実施し、レンジを最小1.26μmとして測定を実施する。
【0025】
▲3▼帯電量の測定方法
帯電量の測定方法は、下記に示す方法で実施した。
【0026】
まず、測定試料であるトナーとキャリアをトナー濃度が5wt%となるように混合する。キャリアとしては鉄粉キャリアで例えばEFV−200/300(商品名)等として知られているものを使用する。この混合物10gを20ccのガラスサンプル管へ入れ、開封したまま20℃/50%RH環境下で5〜48時間放置する。その後、密封をしてヤヨイ式振とう機(商品名)を用いて20℃、50%RH環境下、200ストローク/minにて角度30°で20分間振とうする。
【0027】
この振とうされた混合物を400メッシュのステンレス製スクリーンを装着したブローオフ帯電量測定装置(例えばTB−200:東芝ケミカル社製)でブロー圧0.5kgf/cm2の条件で10秒間窒素ガスにてブローする。測定された電荷を飛翔したトナー重量でわることによって帯電量(μC/g)を算出する。
【0028】
▲4▼画像形成方法
特に限定されない。一成分現像方式でも二成分現像方式でもよく、又接触現像方法でも非接触現像方法でも良い。
【0029】
例えば絶縁性の樹脂被覆キャリアを用いた二成分磁気ブラシ接触現像に極めて好適に適用できるが、この場合、現像剤の層厚は、現像領域において0.1〜8mm、好適には0.4〜5mmであるのが一般的である。また、感光体と現像剤との間隔は、0.1〜3.0mm、好ましくは0.2〜2.0mmであるのが一般的である。
【0030】
なお、感光体としては、酸化亜鉛、セレン、セレンテルル、アモルファスシリコン等の無機感光体や、各種の有機感光体を使用することが出来る。近年では廃棄物による汚染等から、アモルファスシリコンや有機感光体が歓迎される。
【0031】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明の態様はこれに限定されない。なお、本文中「部」は「重量部」を表す。
【0032】
トナー製造例
ポリエステル樹脂(PEs)100部にカーボンブラック10部、低分子量ポリプロピレン6部をヘンシェルミキサーにて混合する。ついで、2軸エクストルーダーにて溶融混練する。得られた混練物をハンマーミルにて粗粉砕し、その後に機械式粉砕機(ターボミル:ターボ工業社製)により微粉砕を行い、更に、分級を行うことで下記に示す粒径分布を有するトナーを調製した。
【0033】
更に、上記に変えて樹脂としてスチレン−アクリル酸エステル樹脂(St−Ac)を使用し、更に荷電制御剤としてアゾ系クロム錯体(S−34:オリエント化学社製)を1部添加したトナーも上記と同様な手順で調製したものも示した。
【0034】
また、これらトナーについて下記表に示す配合で疎水性シリカ等の外添剤を添加し本発明及び比較用トナーを調製した。
【0035】
【表1】
【0036】
評価
上記各種トナーを用いてコニカ社製複写機 U−BIX6192を用いて評価を実施した。
【0037】
評価は、上記トナーとキャリアとしてシクロヘキシルメタクリレート(CHMA)及びメチルメタクリレート(MMA)からなる共重合体(組成比;CHMA:MMA=60:40)を、2wt%被覆した体積平均粒径60μmのCu−Znフェライトキャリアを、トナー濃度が5.3%となる様に混合し現像剤とした。
【0038】
これを前記評価機に使用して、低温低湿(10℃、10%RH)環境にて初期の画像濃度及びカブリを評価した。
【0039】
画像濃度及びカブリ濃度はマクベス反射濃度計を使用し、紙の反射濃度を0とした相対濃度で示した。結果を下記表に示す。
【0040】
【表2】
【0041】
以上の結果に示すように、本発明の粒径分布及び帯電量を有するトナーは初期の画像濃度も良好であり、カブリも発生せず、良好な結果を示すことが理解される。
【0042】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、帯電の立ち上がりが良好で現像性の優れた小粒径トナー及び現像剤を提供することが出来る。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electrostatic charge image developer used for a copying machine, a printer, and the like. More specifically, the present invention relates to a small particle size toner having a good charge rising property and an electrostatic charge image developer using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, electrostatic image development methods such as electrophotography are mostly used for high-quality image forming apparatuses. Therefore, there is a high demand for image quality improvement for the electrostatic image development method, and there is a demand for improvement in performance particularly when used as an output for a computer or a word processor or as a color copying machine.
[0003]
One specific trend is to improve the electrostatic image developer with the aim of improving resolution and sharpness, and in particular, to reduce the particle size of toner for developing electrostatic images.
[0004]
For example, as disclosed in JP-A-2-282755 and JP-A-3-64763, in a toner having a volume average particle diameter of 6 to 10 μm, toner particles having a particle size of 5.04 μm or less are 15 to 40% by number, 12.7 to 16. Those having 0 μm are 0.1 to 5.0% by volume, those having 16.0 μm or more are 1.0% by volume or less, and those having a volume average particle diameter of 6.35 to 10.1 μm in all toner particles are within a certain range. Certain electrostatic charge image developing toners are disclosed.
[0005]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-282756 discloses a toner for developing an electrostatic image having the same definition as described above for a toner having a volume average particle diameter of 4 to 10 μm. In JP-A-6-11885 and JP-A-6-289648, those having a particle size of 2.0 to 4.0 μm are 20 to 40% by number, and those having a particle size of 4.0 to 8.0 μm are 60% or more, A toner having a triboelectric charge amount of 30 μC / g or more with iron powder is disclosed. Further, JP-A-6-75430 discloses that toner having a volume average particle diameter of 3 to 7 μm is 5.04 μm or less and 40 number% or more and 4.0 μm or less is 10 to 70% by volume and 8.0 μm or more. A toner having 2 to 20% by volume of toner and 10% or less by volume of 10.08 μm or more is disclosed.
[0006]
However, the electrostatic charge image developing toner having these particle size distributions is expected to have a uniform charge amount distribution, etc., but the developer was put into the developing device of the image forming apparatus and development was started. In the initial state, that is, the first state after starting, there is a problem that the development efficiency is lowered.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an electrostatic charge image developing toner and an electrostatic charge image developer that have good charge rise and excellent developability.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The object of the present invention is achieved by adopting one of the following configurations.
[0009]
(1) The volume average particle size from 5.5 to 8. A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, wherein the toner having a particle diameter of 0 μm and a particle diameter of 5.04 μm or less is 41% by number or more, and the toner having a particle diameter of 8.00 μm or more is less than 1.5% by volume. .
[0010]
(2) The electrostatic image developing toner according to (1), wherein the absolute value of the triboelectric charge amount between the toner and the iron powder is less than 30 μC / g.
[0011]
(3) In the electrostatic charge image developer containing toner and carrier, the volume average particle diameter of the toner is 5.5 to 8. 0 is [mu] m, and not more than the toner particle diameter 5.04μm is 41% by number or more, or more toner particle size 8.00μm of less than 1.5% by volume, and said carrier is a resin-coated carrier An electrostatic charge image developer.
[0012]
The present invention will be described in detail.
[0013]
(1 ) Constitution of toner The toner of the present invention contains a binder resin and, if necessary, a colorant and other additives.
[0014]
The binder resin constituting the toner is not particularly limited, and various conventionally known resins are used. For example, a styrene resin, an acrylic resin, a styrene-acrylic acid ester (or methacrylic acid ester) resin, and a polyester resin can be used. The colorant constituting the toner is not particularly limited, and various conventionally known materials are used. Examples thereof include carbon black, nigrosine dye, aniline blue, calcoyl blue, chrome yellow, ultramarine blue, duPont oil red, quinoline yellow, methylene blue chloride, phthalocyanine blue, malachite green oxalate, and rose bengal. Examples of other additives include a charge control agent such as a salicylic acid derivative and an azo metal complex, and a fixability improving agent such as a low molecular weight polyolefin and carnauba wax. Further, when the toner of the present invention is used as a magnetic toner, magnetic particles are included as an additive.
[0015]
As the magnetic particles, particles such as ferrite and magnetite having an average primary particle diameter of 0.1 to 2.0 μm are used. The amount of magnetic particles added is 20 to 70% by weight in the colored particles.
[0016]
Further, from the viewpoint of imparting fluidity, inorganic fine particles may be added to the toner particles. The inorganic fine particles are preferably inorganic oxide particles such as silica, titania, and alumina, and these inorganic fine particles are preferably hydrophobized with a silane coupling agent or a titanium coupling agent.
[0017]
The toner of the present invention is mixed with a carrier and used as a two-component developer or used as a one-component developer containing only a magnetic toner. As a carrier used with the toner of the present invention constituting the two-component developer, either a non-coated carrier composed only of magnetic particles such as iron or ferrite, or a resin-coated carrier whose magnetic material particle surface is coated with a resin or the like is used. Although the carrier may be used, the carrier used with the toner of the present invention is preferably a resin-coated carrier. The average particle size of the carrier is preferably 30 to 150 μm in terms of volume average particle size.
[0018]
In order to produce the toner of the present invention, the above-described resin can be mixed with an additive such as a colorant, and then melted and kneaded, and then pulverized and classified. These melting, kneading, pulverizing, and classification steps are known, and the toner of the present invention can also be produced through these steps. For example, the kneading method is not particularly limited, and so-called ext Known kneaders such as a ruder, twin-screw extruder, Banbury mixer, 2-roll, 3-roll can be used. When pulverization is performed, an air-flow pulverizer such as a jet mill or mechanical Various grinders can be used.
[0019]
The toner of the present invention can be obtained by producing a toner having an arbitrary particle size and adjusting it to a required particle size distribution. As a method for adjusting this particle size distribution, various classification methods are used. can do. That is, a classifier or a cyclone method using an airflow method or a corunder effect can be used.
[0020]
Further, the toner of the present invention may be a so-called polymerization method toner in which a radically polymerizable monomer is used, and necessary materials such as a colorant are dispersed therein, and then suspension polymerization is performed in water or the like. In addition, a polymerization type toner in which an irregular toner is prepared by associating a plurality of particles prepared by emulsion polymerization may be used.
[0021]
(2) Measuring method of particle size distribution In the present invention, the particle size distribution is measured by the following method.
[0022]
The measurement is performed using a Coulter Counter TA-II (manufactured by Coulter).
[0023]
First, a 1% sodium chloride solution (for example, ISOTON-II: manufactured by Coulter Scientific Japan) is used as an electrolytic solution, and a surfactant (preferably sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate) is added to 100 to 150 cc of the electrolytic solution. Add to about 1%. Next, about 5 to 15 mg of toner to be measured is added, ultrasonic waves are added for about 1 to 3 minutes, and the toner is dispersed in the electrolytic solution while stirring. Using the suspension in which the toner is dispersed, measurement is performed with the Coulter counter.
[0024]
As measurement conditions, the measurement is performed with an aperture diameter of 100 μm and a range of 1.26 μm.
[0025]
(3) Method for measuring charge amount The method for measuring the charge amount was as follows.
[0026]
First, a toner as a measurement sample and a carrier are mixed so that the toner concentration becomes 5 wt%. As the carrier, an iron powder carrier known as EFV-200 / 300 (trade name) or the like is used. 10 g of this mixture is put into a 20 cc glass sample tube and left unsealed in a 20 ° C./50% RH environment for 5 to 48 hours. Then, it seals and shakes for 20 minutes at an angle of 30 ° at 200 strokes / min in an environment of 20 ° C. and 50% RH using a Yayoi type shaker (trade name).
[0027]
This shaken mixture is blown with nitrogen gas for 10 seconds under a blow pressure of 0.5 kgf / cm 2 with a blow-off charge measuring device (for example, TB-200: manufactured by Toshiba Chemical Corporation) equipped with a 400 mesh stainless steel screen. To do. The charge amount (μC / g) is calculated by dividing the measured charge by the weight of the flying toner.
[0028]
(4) Image forming method Not particularly limited. One-component development method or two-component development method may be used, and contact development method or non-contact development method may be used.
[0029]
For example, it can be very suitably applied to two-component magnetic brush contact development using an insulating resin-coated carrier. In this case, the layer thickness of the developer is 0.1 to 8 mm in the development region, preferably 0.4 to Generally, it is 5 mm. The distance between the photoreceptor and the developer is generally 0.1 to 3.0 mm, preferably 0.2 to 2.0 mm.
[0030]
As the photoreceptor, inorganic photoreceptors such as zinc oxide, selenium, selenium tellurium and amorphous silicon, and various organic photoreceptors can be used. In recent years, amorphous silicon and organic photoreceptors are welcomed due to contamination by waste.
[0031]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated in detail, the aspect of this invention is not limited to this. In the text, “part” means “part by weight”.
[0032]
Example of toner production 10 parts of carbon black and 6 parts of low molecular weight polypropylene are mixed in a Henschel mixer with 100 parts of a polyester resin (PEs). Subsequently, it melt-kneads with a biaxial extruder. The obtained kneaded material is coarsely pulverized with a hammer mill, then finely pulverized with a mechanical pulverizer (turbo mill: manufactured by Turbo Kogyo Co., Ltd.), and further classified to give a toner having a particle size distribution shown below. Was prepared.
[0033]
In addition, a toner in which a styrene-acrylic acid ester resin (St-Ac) is used as a resin instead of the above and a part of an azo chromium complex (S-34: manufactured by Orient Chemical Co., Ltd.) is further added as a charge control agent is also used. Those prepared by the same procedure as those shown in FIG.
[0034]
Further, for these toners, external additives such as hydrophobic silica were added in the formulations shown in the following table to prepare the present invention and comparative toners.
[0035]
[Table 1]
[0036]
Evaluation Evaluation was carried out using a copying machine U-BIX 6192 manufactured by Konica Corporation using the above various toners.
[0037]
The evaluation was made with Cu-- having a volume average particle diameter of 60 μm, which was coated with 2 wt% of a copolymer (composition ratio; CHMA: MMA = 60: 40) composed of cyclohexyl methacrylate (CHMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) as the toner and carrier. A Zn ferrite carrier was mixed so that the toner concentration was 5.3% to obtain a developer.
[0038]
This was used in the evaluation machine to evaluate the initial image density and fog in a low temperature and low humidity (10 ° C., 10% RH) environment.
[0039]
The image density and the fog density were shown as relative densities using a Macbeth reflection densitometer and assuming the paper reflection density to be zero. The results are shown in the table below.
[0040]
[Table 2]
[0041]
As shown in the above results, it is understood that the toner having the particle size distribution and the charge amount of the present invention has a good initial image density, no fogging, and shows a good result.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a toner having a small particle diameter and a developer having good charge rising and excellent developability.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10262896A JP3713802B2 (en) | 1996-04-24 | 1996-04-24 | Toner for developing electrostatic image and developer for electrostatic image |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10262896A JP3713802B2 (en) | 1996-04-24 | 1996-04-24 | Toner for developing electrostatic image and developer for electrostatic image |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09292734A JPH09292734A (en) | 1997-11-11 |
| JP3713802B2 true JP3713802B2 (en) | 2005-11-09 |
Family
ID=14332512
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10262896A Expired - Lifetime JP3713802B2 (en) | 1996-04-24 | 1996-04-24 | Toner for developing electrostatic image and developer for electrostatic image |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3713802B2 (en) |
-
1996
- 1996-04-24 JP JP10262896A patent/JP3713802B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH09292734A (en) | 1997-11-11 |
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