JP3716624B2 - Electric vehicle - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electric vehicle such as a small electric cart, and more particularly to an improvement in a clutch device of an electric vehicle.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Although the conventional small electric cart is not shown, a front wheel, a handle, a control seat, a battery, a motor, a reduction gear device, a pair of left and right rear wheels, and the like are arranged on the vehicle body. In such a small electric cart, when the handle or the accelerator lever is appropriately operated, the power of the motor is transmitted to the drive shaft of the rear wheel via the reduction gear device, and the rear wheel rotates to a predetermined direction in a predetermined direction. Drive at speed. When parking in the garage, etc., the clutch lever may be operated to disengage the clutch of the reduction gear device and parked by hand in the garage.
[0003]
In addition, as prior art documents of this kind, JP-A-7-9894, JP-A-6-98407 and the like can be cited.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Although the conventional electric vehicle is configured as described above and is convenient, the inventor has many desires to improve the performance and to contribute to the rapid advancement of science and technology. As one of the desires, when the small electric cart is driven by hand when the clutch is not connected, the small electric cart is decelerated or automatically operated when the small electric cart travels at an unintended speed or the like. The desire to stop. Obviously, if this desire can be satisfied, the performance of the electric vehicle can be further improved.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle that can be decelerated or stopped when the clutch is not connected.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, in order to achieve the above-mentioned problem, the power of the motor is transmitted to the drive wheels to drive the vehicle body.
The electric vehicle is used for a reduction gear device that transmits power of a motor to a drive shaft of a drive wheel, and a reduction gear device that can be switched between a connected state where power can be transmitted and a non-connected state where power can be transmitted by operating a clutch lever. The clutch, a clutch sensor that senses the connection state of the clutch, a rotation sensor that senses the rotational speed of the drive shaft, an actuator that switches the disconnected clutch to the connected state, and sense signals of the clutch sensor and the rotation sensor are captured. And control means for controlling the actuator,
When the travel speed or the amount of movement of the vehicle body exceeds a predetermined value with the clutch disconnected, the control means automatically operates the actuator to automatically switch the clutch to the connected state .
[0007]
Further, in the present invention, in order to achieve the above-described problem, the power of the motor is transmitted to the drive wheels to run the vehicle body.
The electric vehicle is used for a reduction gear device that transmits power of a motor to a drive shaft of a drive wheel, and a reduction gear device that can be switched between a connected state where power can be transmitted and a non-connected state where power can be transmitted by operating a clutch lever. A clutch, a generator that operates when the clutch is not connected, and an actuator that is powered from the generator via a rectifier and that automatically switches the disconnected clutch to a connected state. Yes.
[0008]
Further, in the present invention, in order to achieve the above-described problem, the power of the motor is transmitted to the drive wheels to run the vehicle body.
The electric vehicle is used for a reduction gear device that transmits power of a motor to a drive shaft of a drive wheel, and a reduction gear device that can be switched between a connected state where power can be transmitted and a non-connected state where power can be transmitted by operating a clutch lever. A clutch, a generator that operates when the clutch is not connected, a comparison unit that compares a DC voltage fed from the generator via a rectifying unit and a reference voltage, and switches the disconnected clutch to a connected state Including an actuator,
When the DC voltage is higher than the reference voltage when the clutch is not connected, the actuator is operated to automatically switch the clutch to the connected state .
[0011]
Here, various types of motors such as a traction motor can be used as the motors in the claims, and a single motor or a plurality of motors may be used. Further, the driving wheel may be a front wheel or a rear wheel of the electric vehicle. Further, the number of reduction gears of the reduction gear device is preferably about two stages, but is not limited to this. For example, a plurality of other reduction gears may be interposed between the motor and the first reduction gear. As the reduction gear, a worm gear, a cylindrical gear, a spur gear, or the like can be used. Further, examples of the clutch sensor include a proximity sensor, a photoelectric sensor, and a limit sensor, but a turquoise sensor is preferable. Moreover, examples of the rotation sensor include a proximity sensor and a photoelectric sensor, but a sensor made of a photocoupler is preferable.
[0012]
In addition, as the actuator, there are various cylinders, solenoids, or a combination of these and a movement direction conversion mechanism, but various drive motors equipped with gears are desirable. As the rectifying means, a full-wave rectifier circuit having a transformer with an intermediate tap, a bridge-type full-wave rectifier circuit, a voltage doubler rectifier circuit, or the like can be used . Furthermore, the electric vehicle may be three wheels or four wheels, and may be a small transport vehicle, a wheelchair or the like.
[0013]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, for example, when the traveling speed of the electric vehicle with the clutch disconnected is over a predetermined speed, the rotation sensor detects the rotational speed of the drive shaft and outputs a signal to the control means. . The control means that takes in the signals of the clutch sensor and the rotation sensor are the clutch disengaged state, the rotational speed of the drive shaft, and the travel speed of the vehicle body, or the clutch disengaged state, the rotational speed of the drive shaft, and the travel amount of the vehicle body If the rotational speed of the drive shaft is equal to or higher than a predetermined value and / or the traveling speed of the vehicle body is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the actuator is driven. By this driving, the clutch is brought into a connected state, and the electric vehicle can be decelerated or stopped.
[0014]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, for example, when the traveling speed of the electric vehicle with the clutch disconnected is over a predetermined speed, the generator operates to generate AC power, and this AC is generated by the rectifying means. After being rectified to DC, the actuator is driven. By this driving, the clutch is brought into a connected state, and the electric vehicle can be decelerated or stopped.
[0015]
According to the third aspect of the invention, for example, when the traveling speed of the electric vehicle with the clutch disconnected is over a predetermined speed, the generator is activated to generate AC power. This alternating current is rectified into direct current by the rectifying means and supplied to the comparing means. The comparison means compares the DC voltage with the reference voltage, and drives the actuator when the DC voltage is equal to or higher than the reference voltage. By this driving, the clutch is brought into a connected state, and the electric vehicle can be decelerated or stopped.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the electric vehicle according to the present embodiment includes a small electric cart, and the vehicle body 1 includes a motor 14, a reduction gear device 16, a rear wheel 22, a clutch 28, a turquoise sensor 36, and a rotation sensor 38. CPU 37 and drive motor 42 are provided.
[0018]
The vehicle body 1 is provided with a pair of pipes that are bent and arranged on the left and right sides at intervals, and a plurality of covers 2 that cover the pipes. A front fork that pivotally supports a front wheel 3 is pierced and supported through a head pipe at the center of the front portion of the vehicle body 1, and a handle 4 is mounted on the front fork. The car 5, the grip 6, the brake lever 7, the accelerator lever 8, the measuring instrument 9, and the like are provided. A plurality of batteries 10 for the motor 14 are mounted in parallel in a state of being covered by the cover 2 from the center portion to the rear portion of the vehicle body 1, and the control seat 11 covers and protects the plurality of batteries 10 from above. Is mounted on both sides of the backrest portion 12 of the control seat 11 and an armrest 13 or a fixed armrest 13A that can swing in the vertical direction.
[0019]
As for the motor 14, the drive pinion gear 15 is fitted by the front-end | tip part of the output shaft. And it mounts | wears with the gear case 17 of the inside and outside of the reduction gear apparatus 16, and is suspended so that it can rock | fluctuate through the attachment material behind the control seat 11. FIG.
[0020]
The reduction gear device 16 includes a counter gear 18 that rotates in mesh with the drive pinion gear 15 of the motor 14, and a differential gear 19 that can rotate in conjunction with the counter gear 18. The counter gear 18 is mounted and supported on a support shaft 20, and both end portions of the support shaft 20 are pivotally supported on both inner side walls of the gear case 17 via bearings. A female dog 21 is formed in the vicinity of the center of the counter gear 18 on the side opposite to the motor 14. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the differential gear 19 is pivotally supported on both inner side walls of the gear case 17 via bearings and is fitted to the drive shaft 23 of the rear wheel 22. The case of the differential gear 19 includes a pair of left and right clutch members 24 that mesh with each other and a pair of upper and lower pinion gears 25 that are pivotally supported on the shaft of the clutch member 24.
[0021]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the rear wheel 22 includes a right rear wheel and a left rear wheel. The right rear wheel has a right rear wheel drive shaft 23 and the left rear wheel has a left rear wheel drive shaft 23A. The right rear wheel drive shaft 23 and the left rear wheel drive shaft 23A are respectively supported horizontally on both side walls of the gear case 17 via protective axle casings and bearings. Side gears 27 are respectively fitted to opposite ends of the right rear wheel drive shaft 23 and the left rear wheel drive shaft 23A, and these side gears 27 are inserted into the case of the differential gear 19 through a thrust washer or the like. The pinion gear 25 is meshed.
[0022]
As shown in FIG. 2, the clutch 28 includes a rotatable clutch shaft 29 that is mounted on both side walls inside the gear case 17 in parallel with the lower support shaft 20 via oil seals and bearings, and a counter gear. A slidable slide gear 31 that is spline-fitted to the 18 support shafts 20 via an urging coil spring 30, and a shift that is slidably fitted to the clutch shaft 29 and inserted into a recess in the peripheral surface of the slide gear 31. And a fork 32. An operation clutch lever 34 exposed to the outside of the external gear case 17A is screwed to the end of the clutch shaft 29.
[0023]
The slide gear 31 meshes with the differential gear 19 and slides to the connection position (the position shown in FIG. 2) when the clutch is connected, and is fitted to the female dog 21 of the counter gear 18, and when the clutch is not connected ( It slides away from the position of FIG. 2 to the right) and moves away from the female dog 21. Further, the shift fork 32 compresses the urging coil spring 30 by rotating the clutch shaft 29 in one direction by rotating the clutch shaft 29 in the one direction and rotating the clutch shaft 29 in the other direction by rotating in the other direction via the cam mechanism 35. Slide the slide gear 31 to the non-connection position.
[0024]
As shown in FIG. 2, the turquoise sensor 36 is attached to the upper part of the external gear case 17A and is abutted on the shift fork 32 displaced in the direction of the non-connection position, and is turned on. It functions to output a signal to a CPU (see FIG. 4) 37 which is a controller. As shown in FIG. 5, the rotation sensor 38 includes an LED 39, a photocoupler 40 disposed opposite to the LED 39, and a slit body that is mounted on the differential gear 19 and interposed between the LED 39 and the photocoupler 40. 41, and is built in the lower part of the external gear case 17A. A plurality of slits are cut out at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction on the outer periphery of the slit body 41. In the rotation sensor 38 configured as described above, the photocoupler 40 receives light when the slit body 41 rotates, senses the rotation speed of the drive shaft 23, and outputs a pulse signal to the CPU 37.
[0025]
Further, the drive motor 42 is built in the upper part of the internal gear case 17B, and a gear 43 is fitted on the output shaft. The gear 43 is engaged with a gear screwed on the peripheral surface of the clutch shaft 29 to rotate. It works as follows.
[0026]
In the above configuration, if the handle 4 and the accelerator lever 8 are appropriately operated, the right rear wheel drive shaft is driven through the drive pinion gear 15 of the motor 14, the counter gear 18, the connected slide gear 31, and the differential gear 19 in order. 23 and the left rear wheel drive shaft 23A, the rear wheel 22 rotates and can travel at a predetermined speed in a predetermined direction.
[0027]
Further, when parking in the garage, the clutch lever 34 may be rotated from the connected position to the non-connected position. Then, the clutch shaft 29 rotates to displace the shift fork 32, and the shift fork 32 slides the slide gear 31 to the unconnected position. Due to this sliding action, the clutch 28 is disconnected and the small electric cart can be parked by hand in the garage. At this time, when the shift fork 32 is displaced in the non-connection position direction, the turquoise sensor 36 comes into contact with the shift fork 32 and is turned on.
[0028]
When the small electric cart with the clutch 28 disconnected is manually driven, if the traveling speed of the small electric cart exceeds a set speed (for example, 6 km / h), the rotation sensor 38 is rotated by the rotation of the slit body 41. The rotational speed of the drive shaft 23 is sensed and a pulse signal is output to the CPU 37. The CPU 37 receiving the signals of the turquoise sensor 36 and the rotation sensor 38 calculates and determines the clutch 28 disconnected state, the rotational speed of the drive shaft 23, and the traveling speed of the vehicle body 1, and determines the rotational speed of the drive shaft 23. When the predetermined value or more and the traveling speed of the vehicle body 1 are more than the predetermined value, the transistor 44 in FIG. 4 is turned on to drive the drive motor 42. By this driving, the clutch shaft 29 rotates in one direction to displace the shift fork 32, the slide gear 31 slides to the connection position and is fitted to the female dog 21 of the counter gear 18, and the clutch 28 is in the connected state. The small electric cart can be stopped.
[0029]
According to the above configuration, when the small electric cart is driven manually on a slope or the like when the clutch 28 is not connected, the small electric cart can be extremely effectively prevented from traveling at a set speed or higher. The speed can be reduced, and a significant improvement in safety and convenience can be expected. Further, since power electronics such as a plurality of transistors 44 are used, power can be handled efficiently, precisely, and with high reliability.
[0030]
In the above embodiment, the CPU 37 determines that the clutch 28 is not connected, the rotational speed of the drive shaft 23, and the traveling speed of the vehicle body 1. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the CPU 37 may determine whether the clutch 28 is disconnected, the rotational speed of the drive shaft 23, and the amount of movement of the vehicle body 1.
[0031]
Next, FIGS. 8 and 9 show a second embodiment of the present invention. In this case, the generator 45 is operated via the intermittent gear 46 when the clutch 28 is not connected. Electric power is supplied from the generator 45 to the drive motor 42 via a bridge-type full-wave rectifier circuit 47 and a capacitor input-type smoothing circuit 48 to drive the drive motor 42.
[0032]
The generator 45 is attached to the external gear case 17A with the built-in tip side, and a gear 49 is fitted to the rotating shaft. The gear 49 is adjacent to the support shaft 20 of the differential gear 19 in parallel. The intermittent gear 46 is fitted into the support shaft 20 of the counter gear 18 and is engaged with the gear 49 of the generator 45, and is fitted into the slide gear 31 that has been slid to the non-connection position to operate the generator 45. Let
[0033]
In the above configuration, when the small electric cart with the clutch 28 disconnected is manually driven, if the traveling speed of the small electric cart exceeds the set speed, the intermittent gear 46 rotates together with the slide gear 31 at the non-connected position to generate power. The machine 45 is operated and AC power is generated. This alternating current is rectified to a direct current by a full-wave rectifier circuit 47 via a transformer, ripples are removed by a smoothing circuit 48, and power is supplied to the drive motor 42. Due to this power supply, the drive motor 42 is driven, the clutch shaft 29 rotates in one direction to displace the shift fork 32, the slide gear 31 slides to the connection position and is fitted to the female dog 21 of the counter gear 18, The small electric cart can be stopped by the clutch 28 being connected. The other parts are the same as those in the above embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
[0034]
Also in this embodiment, when the small electric cart is driven by hand when the clutch 28 is not connected, the small electric cart does not travel above the set speed, so it can always be below the legal speed, which is really safe. Convenient. Further, the number of parts can be reduced, the configuration can be simplified, and the weight can be reduced.
[0035]
Next, FIGS. 8 and 10 show an embodiment of the third invention of the present invention. In this case, the generator 45 is operated via the intermittent gear 46 when the clutch 28 is not connected. A DC voltage is supplied from the generator 45 to the comparator 50 via the bridge-type full-wave rectifier circuit 47, and the DC voltage input by the comparator 50 is compared with the reference voltage E to determine that the DC voltage is equal to or higher than the reference voltage E. In this case, the drive motor 42 is driven.
[0036]
In the above configuration, when the small electric cart with the clutch 28 disconnected is manually driven, if the traveling speed of the small electric cart exceeds the set speed, the intermittent gear 46 is rotated together with the slide gear 31 at the non-connected position to generate power. The machine 45 is operated and AC power is generated. This alternating current is rectified to a direct current by a full-wave rectifier circuit 47 via a transformer and supplied to the comparator 50. The comparator 50 compares the DC voltage with the reference voltage E, and when the input DC voltage value is determined to be greater than or equal to the reference voltage E value, the transistor 51 in FIG. 10 is turned on, and the relay 52 is energized and excited. The movable part closes the circuit, and the drive motor 42 is driven.
[0037]
By driving the drive motor 42, the clutch shaft 29 rotates in one direction to displace the shift fork 32, the slide gear 31 slides to the connection position and is fitted to the female dog 21 of the counter gear 18, and the clutch 28 is The small electric cart can be stopped in a connected state. The other parts are the same as those in the above embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
[0038]
Also in this embodiment, the same effect as the above-described embodiment can be expected, and the number of parts can be reduced, the configuration can be simplified, and the weight can be reduced.
[0039]
In the above embodiment, the clutch shaft 29 is attached to the clutch shaft 29, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the clutch shaft 29 can be rotated using an operation member such as a handle, a button having a mechanism for changing linear motion into rotational motion, or a clutch belt. This operation member can be pivotally supported on the gear case 17 or can be attached to a position where the operation such as the handle 4 is easy via a cable. In addition, although the transistors 44 and 51 are used as the switching elements, other switching elements, semiconductor elements, or switching circuits can be used as appropriate as long as similar effects can be expected.
[0040]
Instead of the capacitor input type smoothing circuit 48, it is also possible to use a high-order low-pass filter in which a choke input type smoothing circuit or an LC circuit is connected in multiple stages. Further, not only the full-wave rectifier circuit 47 and the smoothing circuit 48 but also a stabilized power circuit such as a feedback circuit may be added in order to further reduce the ripple rate and further stabilize the power source. Furthermore, the relay 52 may be of a hinge type, a plunger type, a pole type, or a stationary type, but any type may be used.
[0041]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the first to third aspects of the invention, the electric vehicle can be decelerated or stopped when the clutch is not connected, and the safety and convenience can be improved. is there.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of an electric vehicle according to a first aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a reduction gear device in an embodiment of the electric vehicle according to the first aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a side view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of an electric vehicle according to the first aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a photocoupler in the embodiment of the electric vehicle according to the first aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of an electric vehicle according to the first aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is another flowchart showing the embodiment of the electric vehicle according to the first aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a reduction gear device in an embodiment of an electric vehicle according to the second and third aspects of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of an electric vehicle according to the second aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of an electric vehicle according to a third aspect of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Car body 14 Motor 16 Reduction gear device 17 Gear case 18 Counter gear (first reduction gear)
19 Differential gear (second reduction gear)
20 Support shaft 21 Female dog 22 Rear wheel (drive wheel)
23 Drive shaft 28 Clutch 29 Clutch shaft 30 Energizing coil spring 31 Slide gear 32 Shift fork (shift member)
34 Clutch lever 36 Turquoise sensor (clutch sensor)
37 CPU (control means)
38 Rotation sensor 39 LED
40 Photocoupler 41 Slit body 42 Drive motor (actuator)
43 gear 45 generator 46 intermittent gear 47 full wave rectifier circuit (rectifier means)
48 Smoothing circuit 50 Comparator (comparison means)

Claims (3)

In an electric vehicle that travels the vehicle body by transmitting the power of the motor to the drive wheels,
The electric vehicle is used for a reduction gear device that transmits power of a motor to a drive shaft of a driving wheel, and a reduction gear device that can be switched between a connected state where power can be transmitted and a non-connected state where power can be transmitted by operating a clutch lever. The clutch, a clutch sensor that senses the connection state of the clutch, a rotation sensor that senses the rotational speed of the drive shaft, an actuator that switches the disconnected clutch to the connected state, and sense signals of the clutch sensor and the rotation sensor are captured. And control means for controlling the actuator,
An electric vehicle characterized in that, when the traveling speed or movement amount of a vehicle body exceeds a predetermined value with the clutch disconnected, the actuator is operated by the control means to automatically switch the clutch to the connected state . In an electric vehicle that travels the vehicle body by transmitting the power of the motor to the drive wheels,
The electric vehicle is used for a reduction gear device that transmits power of a motor to a drive shaft of a driving wheel, and a reduction gear device that can be switched between a connected state where power can be transmitted and a non-connected state where power can be transmitted by operating a clutch lever. Characterized in that it includes a clutch, a generator that operates when the clutch is not connected, and an actuator that automatically feeds power from the generator via the rectifying means and automatically switches the disconnected clutch to the connected state. Electric vehicle to do. In an electric vehicle that travels the vehicle body by transmitting the power of the motor to the drive wheels,
The electric vehicle is used for a reduction gear device that transmits power of a motor to a drive shaft of a driving wheel, and a reduction gear device that can be switched between a connected state where power can be transmitted and a non-connected state where power can be transmitted by operating a clutch lever. A clutch, a generator that operates when the clutch is not connected, a comparing means that compares a DC voltage fed from the generator via a rectifying means and a reference voltage, and switches the disconnected clutch to a connected state Including an actuator,
An electric vehicle characterized in that when the DC voltage is equal to or higher than a reference voltage when the clutch is not connected, the actuator is operated to automatically switch the clutch to the connected state .

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