JP3718294B2 - Method for producing toner for electrophotography - Google Patents
Method for producing toner for electrophotography Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3718294B2 JP3718294B2 JP21425596A JP21425596A JP3718294B2 JP 3718294 B2 JP3718294 B2 JP 3718294B2 JP 21425596 A JP21425596 A JP 21425596A JP 21425596 A JP21425596 A JP 21425596A JP 3718294 B2 JP3718294 B2 JP 3718294B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrophotographic toner
- toner
- wax
- conductive
- pulverized product
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Landscapes
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、熱ロール定着を採用している複写機又はプリンター用の電子写真用トナーの製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、電子写真方式を用いた複写機及びプリンターは、一般家庭等を含めてその普及が広まるにともない、複写機又はプリンターの多機能化を主な目的とした低エネルギー化(消費電力の削減)、印刷機と複写機との境に位置するいわゆるグレイエリアへの普及を目的とした高速化、あるいは機械コストを下げるための定着ロールの簡素化のための低ロール圧力化が望まれている。また、複写機の高級化にともない両面コピー機能や原稿自動送り装置の搭載された複写機が広く普及されてきたため、複写機及びプリンターに使用される電子写真用トナーには定着温度が低く、耐オフセット性が優れて、且つ両面コピー時の汚れや、原稿自動送り装置における汚れの発生を防止するため転写紙への定着強度の優れたものが要求されている。
上記の要求に対して従来、電子写真用トナー中にワックスを含有させ、トナー自体の溶融開始温度を下げて定着温度を低くしようとする試みがなされている。
このようなワックスを含有させる電子写真用トナーは、従来から熱溶融混練後、粉砕し、分級して製造されていた。
しかしながら、このような従来技術における製造方法では、分級工程時においてワックスに起因する電子写真用トナーの凝集物が生成され、分級機の分級ルーバーで目詰まりが発生し、製造上重大な問題を生じさせていた。
特にこの問題は、平均粒子径が6〜10μmの小粒子径のトナーを得る場合に発生し、高画質な画像を得ることができる小粒子径のトナーを効率よく得ることができないという問題があった。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、分級機の目詰まりの問題を発生させない低温度定着が可能な小粒子径の電子写真用トナーを得ることができる製造方法を提供することにある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、少なくとも融点が50〜100℃のワックス、ポリプロピレンワックス、結着樹脂および着色剤からなる混合物を熱溶融混練して粉砕し体積抵抗値が1×1010〜10×1010Ω・cmの導電性粉砕物を得た後、該導電性粉砕物を平均粒子径が6〜10μmに分級することを特徴とする電子写真用トナーの製造方法である。また、該分級物に絶縁性粉体を付着することを特徴とする電子写真用トナーの製造方法である。
【0005】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明ではトナー製造の際、熱溶融混練して粉砕して得た粉砕物を体積抵抗値が1×1010〜10×1010Ω・cmに調製し、該調製した粉砕物を分級機で平均粒子径が6〜10μmのトナー粒子に分級することを特徴とする。
なお、ここでいう平均粒子径とは、コールター社製のコールターカウンターTA−II型で粒子を測定した場合の体積平均50%径をいうものである。
体積抵抗値が1×1010〜10×1010Ω・cmの導電性粉砕物は、融点が50〜100℃のワックスを含有していてもトナー粒子の凝集力があまり強くなく良好な流動性を有し分級機の目詰まりが発生しない。
導電性粉砕物の体積抵抗値が1×1010Ω・cmより小さい場合は、分級機における目詰まりは発生しないが、トナーを複写した画像上に地カブリが発生し、多数枚複写時のトナーの摩擦帯電量が安定しないため画像濃度の低下等の問題が生じ実用上問題となる。
一方、体積抵抗値が10×1010Ω・cmより大きい場合は、分級機に目詰まりが発生し、トナーの製造が不能となる。
導電性粉砕物の体積抵抗値は次のように測定するものである。
すなわち、導電性粉砕物を200Kgの圧力を加えてペレット状物に成形し、該ペレット状物に電圧を印加し該ペレット状物のコンダクタンスを求める。そのコンダクタンスから次式により体積抵抗値を求めることができる。
ρ=1/G×S/d
なお、上記式において、ρは体積抵抗値、Gはコンダクタンス、Sは有効電極面積、dはペレット状物の厚さである。
【0006】
導電性粉砕物を体積抵抗値が1×1010〜10×1010Ω・cmに調製する方法は、着色剤としてカーボンブラックを使用する場合は、その量を通常のトナーよりも多く添加し、例えば結着樹脂100重量部に対してカーボンブラックを7〜20重量部添加する。また、導電性物質、例えば酸化チタン、アルミナ、磁性粉、酸化亜鉛、導電性樹脂等を添加して体積抵抗値が1×1010〜10×1010Ω・cmに調製することもできる。
また、結着樹脂としてアクリル成分を多く含有させたものを使用したり、電荷制御剤の種類や量、着色剤の種類や量およびトナーの製造方法における混練条件等を調製することにより可能である。
本発明においては、前記のように導電性粉砕物の体積抵抗値が1×1010〜10×1010Ω・cmに調製した後分級するものであるが、この場合、分級後のトナー粒子の体積抵抗値が低すぎて実用上問題となる場合がある。その場合は、次の通り分級後のトナー粒子の体積抵抗値を調製し使用することができる。
すなわち、分級後の分級物に対し、シリカ、カイナー、樹脂粒子等の絶縁性粉体を表面に付着させる。
分級物表面に上記絶縁性粉体を付着させるためには、通常の粉体用混合機であるヘンシェルミキサー、スーパーミキサー等の混合機のほかハイブリダイザー、オングミル等のいわゆる表面改質機も用いて行うことができる。この場合、絶縁性粉体の付着状態は、分級物の表面に単にまぶされた状態でもよいし、一部が表面に埋没して固着された状態でもよい。
本発明における熱溶融混練は単軸スクリュ押出機や二軸スクリュ押出機等を用いればよく、粉砕はハンマーミル、カッターミル、ジェットミル等を用いればよく、分級は気流式分級機等を用いればよい。
【0007】
本発明に使用するワックスはトナーの溶融開始温度を下げ、低温定着性を良好にするために添加される。
ワックスは融点が低いほど低温定着性が向上するが、融点が50℃未満であると保存性が悪化する。また融点が100℃をこえると低温定着性が悪化するので、融点の範囲としては50〜100℃のものが用いられる。
ここで言う融点とはDSCの測定による吸収熱量のピーク温度をいう。DSCによる吸収熱量のピーク温度の測定方法は以下のように実施する。
例えばセイコー電子工業社製の示差走査熱量計SSC−5200を用い、測定条件としては、結晶性物質を約10mg計量してDSCに載置し、1分間に50ミリリットルのN2 ガスを吹き込む。そして、20〜150℃の間を1分間あたり10℃の割合で昇温させ、そのときの吸収熱量を測定するものである。複数のピークが得られた場合には最大の吸収熱量を示すピーク温度を融点とする。
【0008】
本発明におけるワックスは、DSCの吸収熱量の測定において、明確にピーク温度が得られる物質のことをいい、具体的には脂肪酸とグリセリンとのトリグリセリドを主成分とする油脂を水素添加して得られる硬化油、天然ワックス、脂肪酸とアルコールから合成されたエステルワックス、脂肪酸アミド、ケトン、オレフィンワックス等の結晶性物質が例示できる。これらの中でも特に融点が低く、低温定着性が優れている硬化油、天然ワックスおよびエステルワックスが好適に本発明に使用される。
硬化油は不飽和脂肪酸とグリセリンとのトリグリセリルエステルすなわちグリセリドを主成分とする油脂に還元ニッケル触媒を約0.2%添加し、反応温度150〜160℃、反応圧力15kg/cm3下で水素を吹き込み、約3時間攪拌 することで得られる。不飽和脂肪酸の種類により種々の硬化油が得られる。
硬化油の具体例としてはカスターワックス(ひまし硬化油)、菜種硬化油、綿実硬化油、オリーブ硬化油等が挙げられる。
天然ワックスの具体例としては、ライスワックス、カルナバワックス等が挙げられる。
エステルワックスの具体例としては、長鎖直鎖飽和脂肪酸と長鎖直鎖飽和アルコールから合成されるモノエステルワックス、多塩基酸と長鎖直鎖飽和アルコールから合成されるジエステルワックス、トリエステルワックス、オリゴエステルワックス等が挙げられる。
また、本発明におけるワックスとしてはポリエチレンワックス、ポリプロピレンワックス、フィッシャートロプシュワックス等の合成ワックスも挙げられる。
【0009】
また、本発明に用いられる結着樹脂としては、スチレン樹脂、ポリアクリル酸エステル樹脂、スチレン−メタアクリル酸エステル共重合体樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂等が挙げられ、特に定着性能を向上させる目的で溶融開始温度はできるだけ低い方が好ましい。
また、着色剤としては、カーボンブラック、ニグロシン染料、アニリンブルー、カルコオイルブルー、クロムイエロー、ウルトラマリンブルー、デュポンオイルレッド、キノリンイエロー、メチレンブルークロライド、フタロシアニンブルー、マラカイトグリーンオクサレート、ランプブラック、ローズベンガル、これらの混合物、その他を挙げることができる。これらの着色剤は、十分な画像濃度の可視像が形成されるに十分な割合で含有されることが必要であり、通常結着樹脂100重量部に対して1〜20重量部程度の割合が好ましい。
また、本発明における電子写真用トナーには、電荷制御剤等を添加してもよい。
【0010】
また本発明で得られた電子写真用トナーの溶融開始温度は、60℃以上100℃未満のものが好ましく用いられる。100℃より高いと低温定着性が十分得られにくく、60℃より低いとブロッキング性が悪化し保存性に問題を生じる場合がある。
上記、溶融開始温度とは例えば次のような測定機および測定条件により測定した場合、プランジャーの降下開始温度のことをさすこととする。
測定機;島津製作所製
高化式フローテスターCFT−500
測定条件;
プランジャー:1cm2
ダイの直径 :1mm
ダイの長さ :1mm
荷重 :20KgF
予熱温度 :50〜80℃
予熱時間 :300sec
昇温速度 :6℃/min
【0011】
本発明の製造方法で得られた電子写真用トナーは、フェライト粉や鉄粉等より成るキャリアと混合されて二成分系現像剤とされる。また磁性体が含有されるときはキャリアと混合しないでそのまま一成分系現像剤として静電荷像の現像に使用されるか、あるいはキャリアと混合されて二成分系現像剤として使用してもよい。さらには非磁性一成分の現像方法にも適用可能である。
【0012】
【実施例】
以下、実施例に基づき本発明を説明する。なお、実施例において部とは重量部を示す。
<実施例1>
上記原料をスーパーミキサーで混合し、二軸スクリュ押出機で熱溶融混練して混練物を得た後、ジェットミルで粉砕して粉砕物を得た。
該粉砕物の体積抵抗値は3×1010Ω・cmであった。
そして、該粉砕物を気流式分級機で分級した結果、目詰まりは全く発生せず、平均粒子径が8μmの負帯電性のトナー母体粒子を得ることができた。
さらに疎水性シリカ(日本アエロジル社製R−972)0.3部をヘンシェルミキサーによって前記トナー母体粒子100部の表面に付着させ本発明による電子写真用トナーを得た。
【0013】
次に上記電子写真用トナー4部と樹脂被覆を施してないフェライトキャリア(パウダーテック社製 商品名:FL−1020)96部とを混合して二成分系現像剤を作製した。
次に該現像剤を使用して市販の複写機(シャープ社製 商品名:SF−9800)にてA4の転写紙に縦2cm、横5cmの帯状の未定着画像を複数作製した。
次に、表層がテフロンで形成された熱定着ロールと、表層がシリコーンゴムで形成された圧力定着ロールが対になって回転する定着機をロール圧力が1Kg/cm2及びロールスピードが50mm/secになるように調節し、該熱定着ロールの表面温度を段階的に変化させて、各表面温度において上記未定着画像が形成された転写紙のトナー像の定着をおこなった。この時余白部分にトナー汚れが生じるか否かの観察をおこない、汚れが生じない温度領域を非オフセット温度領域とした。また、非オフセット温度領域の最大値と最小値の差を非オフセット温度幅とした。
また、前記定着機の熱定着ロールの表面温度を140℃に設定し、前記未定着画像が形成された転写紙のトナー像の定着をおこなった。そして、形成された定着画像に対して綿パッドによる摺擦を施し、下記式によって定着強度を算出し低エネルギー定着性の指標とした。画像濃度はマクベス社製の反射濃度計RD−914を使用した。
定着強度(%)=摺擦後の定着画像の画像濃度/摺擦前の定着画像の画像濃度×100
その結果、実施例1の電子写真用トナーは、非オフセット温度領域が125〜185℃、非オフセット温度幅が60℃、定着強度が93%であり、低温定着性が良好な電子写真用トナーであることが確認された。
また、該電子写真用トナーを市販の複写機で複写したところ、初期画像特性において画像濃度が十分で、かつ地カブリが少なく、20000枚まで複写したが、初期画像特性を維持したまま問題なく複写することができた。
【0014】
<実施例2>
上記原料を用いて実施例1と同様に本発明による電子写真用トナーを作製した。
この場合、粉砕物の体積抵抗値は2×1010Ω・cmであって、分級機における目詰まりも全く発生しなかった。
また、実施例1と同様にして電子写真用トナーを評価したところ、非オフセット温度領域が120〜180℃、非オフセット温度幅が60℃、定着強度が93%であり、低温定着性が良好な電子写真用トナーであることが確認された。
また、該電子写真用トナーを市販の複写機で複写したところ、初期画像特性において画像濃度が十分で、かつ地カブリが少なく、20000枚まで複写したが、初期画像特性を維持したまま問題なく複写することができた。
【0015】
<実施例3>
テトラデカン酸1モルとヘプタデカン1オール2モルと硫酸0.5モルを攪拌機、コンデンサーを備えた丸底フラスコに入れて130℃で4時間加熱還流させた。次に過剰のヘプタデカン1オールを除去した後、残査をメチルエーテルで精製して本発明に使用する融点65℃のモノエステルワックスを得た。
上記原料を用いて実施例1と同様に本発明による電子写真用トナーを作製した。
この場合、粉砕物の体積抵抗値は4×1010Ω・cmであって、分級機における目詰まりも全く発生しなかった。
また、実施例1と同様にして電子写真用トナーを評価したところ、非オフセット温度領域が125〜180℃、非オフセット温度幅が55℃、定着強度が91%であり、低温定着性が良好な電子写真用トナーであることが確認された。
また、該電子写真用トナーを市販の複写機で複写したところ、初期画像特性において画像濃度が十分で、かつ地カブリが少なく、20000枚まで複写したが、初期画像特性を維持したまま問題なく複写することができた。
【0016】
<実施例4>
上記原料を用いて実施例1と同様に本発明による電子写真用トナーを作製した。
この場合、粉砕物の体積抵抗値は4.5×1010Ω・cmであって、分級機における目詰まりも全く発生しなかった。
また、実施例1と同様にして電子写真用トナーを評価したところ、非オフセット温度領域が120〜180℃、非オフセット温度幅が60℃、定着強度が97%であり、低温定着性が良好な電子写真用トナーであることが確認された。
また、該電子写真用トナーを市販の複写機で複写したところ、初期画像特性において画像濃度が十分で、かつ地カブリが少なく、20000枚まで複写したが、初期画像特性を維持したまま問題なく複写することができた。
【0017】
<実施例5>
上記原料を用いて実施例1と同様に本発明による電子写真用トナーを作製した。
この場合、粉砕物の体積抵抗値は2.4×1010Ω・cmであって、分級機における目詰まりも全く発生しなかった。
また、実施例1と同様にして電子写真用トナーを評価したところ、非オフセット温度領域が130〜190℃、非オフセット温度幅が60℃、定着強度が84%であり、低温定着性が良好な電子写真用トナーであることが確認された。
また、該電子写真用トナーを市販の複写機で複写したところ、初期画像特性において画像濃度が十分で、かつ地カブリが少なく、20000枚まで複写したが、初期画像特性を維持したまま問題なく複写することができた。
【0018】
<実施例6>
上記原料を用いて実施例1と同様に本発明による電子写真用トナーを作製した。
この場合、粉砕物の体積抵抗値は2.2×1010Ω・cmであって、分級機における目詰まりも全く発生しなかった。
また、実施例1と同様にして電子写真用トナーを評価したところ、非オフセット温度領域が130〜195℃、非オフセット温度幅が65℃、定着強度が86%であり、低温定着性が良好な電子写真用トナーであることが確認された。
また、該電子写真用トナーを市販の複写機で複写したところ、初期画像特性において画像濃度が十分で、かつ地カブリが少なく、20000枚まで複写したが、初期画像特性を維持したまま問題なく複写することができた。
【0019】
<比較例1>
実施例1において、原料としてカーボンブラック(ライオンアクゾ社製 商品名;ケッチェンブラックEC)5部を追加しカーボンブラックの量を20部とした以外は同様にして電子写真用トナーを得た。
この場合、粉砕物の体積抵抗値は9×109Ω・cmであって、分級機における目詰まりも全く発生しなかった。
しかし、該電子写真用トナーを市販の複写機で複写したところ、初期画像特性において地カブリが多く、連続複写中の摩擦帯電量が不安定であって、画像濃度も実用上十分なものを得ることができなかった。
【0020】
<比較例2>
実施例1において、カーボンブラック(三菱化学社製 商品名;MA−100)の含有量15部を4部に代えた以外は同様にして製造した。
この場合、粉砕物の体積抵抗値は11×1010Ω・cmであった。
しかしながら、該粉砕物を分級機で分級する工程において、目詰まりが発生しトナーの製造に重大な支障をきたしたため製造を中止した。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
本発明の製造方法によれば、分級機の目詰まりを発生させないで低温度定着が可能な6〜10μmの小粒子径の電子写真用トナーを得ることができる。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for producing an electrophotographic toner for a copying machine or printer that employs heat roll fixing.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, copiers and printers using electrophotography have become more widespread, including in homes, etc., and the main purpose is to reduce the energy consumption (reducing power consumption). Therefore, it is desired to increase the speed for the purpose of spreading to the so-called gray area located at the boundary between the printing press and the copying machine, or to reduce the roll pressure for simplifying the fixing roll for reducing the machine cost. In addition, since copying machines equipped with a double-sided copying function and an automatic document feeder have become widespread with the upgrading of copying machines, electrophotographic toners used in copying machines and printers have a low fixing temperature and are resistant to damage. There is a demand for excellent offset properties and excellent fixing strength to transfer paper in order to prevent smearing during double-sided copying and smearing in an automatic document feeder.
Conventionally, attempts have been made to lower the fixing temperature by incorporating wax in the electrophotographic toner and lowering the melting start temperature of the toner itself.
Conventionally, an electrophotographic toner containing such a wax has been produced by hot melt kneading, pulverizing and classifying.
However, in such a conventional manufacturing method, an agglomerate of electrophotographic toner caused by wax is generated in the classification process, and clogging occurs in the classification louver of the classifier, causing a serious problem in production. I was letting.
In particular, this problem occurs when a toner having a small particle diameter of 6 to 10 μm is obtained, and there is a problem that a toner having a small particle diameter capable of obtaining a high-quality image cannot be obtained efficiently. It was.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a production method capable of obtaining a toner for electrophotography having a small particle diameter capable of fixing at a low temperature without causing a problem of clogging of a classifier.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, a volume resistance value of 1 × 10 10 to 10 × 10 10 Ω · cm is obtained by hot-melt kneading and pulverizing a mixture of at least a melting point of 50 to 100 ° C. wax, polypropylene wax, a binder resin and a colorant. The conductive pulverized product is obtained, and then the conductive pulverized product is classified into an average particle size of 6 to 10 μm. Further, the present invention is a method for producing an electrophotographic toner, wherein an insulating powder is adhered to the classified product.
[0005]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
In the present invention, during toner production, a pulverized product obtained by pulverization by hot melt kneading is prepared to have a volume resistance value of 1 × 10 10 to 10 × 10 10 Ω · cm, and the prepared pulverized product is classified with a classifier. The toner particles are classified into toner particles having an average particle diameter of 6 to 10 μm.
Here, the average particle diameter means a volume average 50% diameter when particles are measured with a Coulter Counter TA-II type manufactured by Coulter.
The conductive pulverized product having a volume resistance value of 1 × 10 10 to 10 × 10 10 Ω · cm does not have a strong cohesive force of toner particles even when it contains a wax having a melting point of 50 to 100 ° C. The classifier is not clogged.
When the volume resistance value of the conductive pulverized product is smaller than 1 × 10 10 Ω · cm, clogging in the classifier does not occur, but background fogging occurs on the image on which the toner is copied, and toner when copying many sheets. Since the triboelectric charge amount is not stable, problems such as a decrease in image density occur, which is a practical problem.
On the other hand, when the volume resistance value is larger than 10 × 10 10 Ω · cm, the classifier is clogged and the toner cannot be manufactured.
The volume resistance value of the conductive pulverized product is measured as follows.
That is, the conductive pulverized product is formed into a pellet by applying a pressure of 200 kg, and a voltage is applied to the pellet to determine the conductance of the pellet. The volume resistance value can be obtained from the conductance by the following equation.
ρ = 1 / G × S / d
In the above equation, ρ is the volume resistance value, G is the conductance, S is the effective electrode area, and d is the thickness of the pellet.
[0006]
In the method of preparing the conductive pulverized product so that the volume resistance value is 1 × 10 10 to 10 × 10 10 Ω · cm, when carbon black is used as a colorant, the amount thereof is added more than that of a normal toner. For example, 7 to 20 parts by weight of carbon black is added to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. In addition, a volume resistance can be adjusted to 1 × 10 10 to 10 × 10 10 Ω · cm by adding a conductive substance such as titanium oxide, alumina, magnetic powder, zinc oxide, conductive resin, or the like.
It is also possible to use a binder resin containing a large amount of an acrylic component, or to adjust the type and amount of the charge control agent, the type and amount of the colorant, and the kneading conditions in the toner production method. .
In the present invention, as described above, the conductive pulverized product is classified after the volume resistance value is adjusted to 1 × 10 10 to 10 × 10 10 Ω · cm. In this case, the toner particles after classification are classified. The volume resistance value is too low, which may cause a practical problem. In that case, the volume resistance value of the toner particles after classification can be prepared and used as follows.
That is, an insulating powder such as silica, kainer, and resin particles is attached to the surface of the classified product after classification.
In order to adhere the insulating powder to the surface of the classified material, a so-called surface reformer such as a hybridizer or ong mill is used in addition to a mixer such as a Henschel mixer or a super mixer which is a normal powder mixer. It can be carried out. In this case, the adhesion state of the insulating powder may be a state where the insulating powder is simply applied to the surface of the classified product, or may be a state where a part of the insulating powder is buried and fixed on the surface.
In the present invention, the hot melt kneading may be performed using a single screw extruder or a twin screw extruder, the pulverization may be performed using a hammer mill, a cutter mill, a jet mill, etc., and the classification may be performed using an airflow classifier or the like. Good.
[0007]
The wax used in the present invention is added to lower the melting start temperature of the toner and improve the low-temperature fixability.
The lower the melting point of the wax, the better the low-temperature fixability. However, when the melting point is less than 50 ° C., the storage stability is deteriorated. Further, since the low temperature fixability deteriorates when the melting point exceeds 100 ° C., the melting point range is 50 to 100 ° C.
The melting point here refers to the peak temperature of the amount of heat absorbed by DSC measurement. The method of measuring the peak temperature of the heat of absorption by DSC is performed as follows.
For example, a differential scanning calorimeter SSC-5200 manufactured by Seiko Denshi Kogyo Co., Ltd. is used. As measurement conditions, about 10 mg of a crystalline substance is weighed and placed on the DSC, and 50 ml of N 2 gas is blown in one minute. And it heats up between 20-150 degreeC at the rate of 10 degreeC per minute, and measures the heat-absorption amount at that time. When a plurality of peaks are obtained, the peak temperature showing the maximum heat of absorption is taken as the melting point.
[0008]
The wax in the present invention refers to a substance that clearly obtains a peak temperature in the measurement of DSC absorption calorific value. Specifically, it is obtained by hydrogenating fats and oils mainly composed of triglycerides of fatty acid and glycerin. Examples thereof include crystalline substances such as hydrogenated oil, natural wax, ester wax synthesized from fatty acid and alcohol, fatty acid amide, ketone, and olefin wax. Among these, hardened oils, natural waxes and ester waxes having a particularly low melting point and excellent low-temperature fixability are preferably used in the present invention.
Hardened oil was added reduced nickel catalyst tri-glyceryl esters i.e. glyceride oil mainly about 0.2% of an unsaturated fatty acid and glycerin, reaction temperature 150 to 160 ° C., a reaction pressure 15 kg / cm 3 of hydrogen under And is stirred for about 3 hours. Various hardened oils are obtained depending on the type of unsaturated fatty acid.
Specific examples of the hardened oil include castor wax (castor hardened oil), rapeseed hardened oil, hardened cottonseed oil, hardened olive oil and the like.
Specific examples of the natural wax include rice wax and carnauba wax.
Specific examples of the ester wax include a monoester wax synthesized from a long-chain linear saturated fatty acid and a long-chain linear saturated alcohol, a diester wax synthesized from a polybasic acid and a long-chain linear saturated alcohol, a triester wax, Examples include oligoester waxes.
Examples of the wax in the present invention also include synthetic waxes such as polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax, and Fischer-Tropsch wax.
[0009]
The binder resin used in the present invention includes styrene resin, polyacrylate resin, styrene-methacrylate copolymer resin, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylidene chloride, phenol resin, and epoxy resin. Polyester resins and the like, and in particular, the melting start temperature is preferably as low as possible for the purpose of improving the fixing performance.
Colorants include carbon black, nigrosine dye, aniline blue, calco oil blue, chrome yellow, ultramarine blue, dupont oil red, quinoline yellow, methylene blue chloride, phthalocyanine blue, malachite green oxalate, lamp black, rose bengal , Mixtures thereof, and the like. These colorants need to be contained in a ratio sufficient to form a visible image having a sufficient image density, and are usually in a ratio of about 1 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. Is preferred.
In addition, a charge control agent or the like may be added to the electrophotographic toner in the present invention.
[0010]
Further, the melting start temperature of the electrophotographic toner obtained in the present invention is preferably 60 ° C. or higher and lower than 100 ° C. When the temperature is higher than 100 ° C., the low-temperature fixability is hardly obtained. When the temperature is lower than 60 ° C., the blocking property may be deteriorated, resulting in a problem in storage stability.
The above melting start temperature refers to the descending start temperature of the plunger when measured by the following measuring device and measurement conditions, for example.
Measuring machine: Shimadzu Koka-type flow tester CFT-500
Measurement condition;
Plunger: 1cm 2
Die diameter: 1mm
Die length: 1mm
Load: 20KgF
Preheating temperature: 50-80 ° C
Preheating time: 300 sec
Temperature increase rate: 6 ° C / min
[0011]
The electrophotographic toner obtained by the production method of the present invention is mixed with a carrier made of ferrite powder, iron powder or the like to form a two-component developer. When a magnetic material is contained, it may be used as it is as a one-component developer for developing an electrostatic charge image without being mixed with a carrier, or may be used as a two-component developer mixed with a carrier. Further, it can be applied to a non-magnetic one-component developing method.
[0012]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on examples. In addition, in an Example, a part shows a weight part.
<Example 1>
The above raw materials were mixed with a super mixer, hot melt kneaded with a twin screw extruder to obtain a kneaded product, and then pulverized with a jet mill to obtain a pulverized product.
The volume resistance value of the pulverized product was 3 × 10 10 Ω · cm.
As a result of classifying the pulverized product with an airflow classifier, no clogging occurred and negatively charged toner base particles having an average particle size of 8 μm could be obtained.
Further, 0.3 part of hydrophobic silica (R-972 manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) was adhered to the surface of 100 parts of the toner base particles with a Henschel mixer to obtain an electrophotographic toner according to the present invention.
[0013]
Next, 4 parts of the above electrophotographic toner and 96 parts of a ferrite carrier (trade name: FL-1020, manufactured by Powdertech Co.) without resin coating were mixed to prepare a two-component developer.
Next, using the developer, a plurality of strip-shaped unfixed images having a length of 2 cm and a width of 5 cm were formed on A4 transfer paper using a commercially available copying machine (trade name: SF-9800, manufactured by Sharp Corporation).
Next, a heat fixing roll whose surface layer is made of Teflon and a pressure fixing roll whose surface layer is made of silicone rubber are paired to rotate a fixing machine. The roll pressure is 1 kg / cm 2 and the roll speed is 50 mm / sec. The surface temperature of the heat fixing roll was changed stepwise to fix the toner image on the transfer paper on which the unfixed image was formed at each surface temperature. At this time, it was observed whether or not toner contamination occurred in the blank area, and a temperature region where the contamination did not occur was defined as a non-offset temperature region. Further, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the non-offset temperature region was defined as the non-offset temperature range.
Further, the surface temperature of the heat fixing roll of the fixing machine was set to 140 ° C., and the toner image on the transfer paper on which the unfixed image was formed was fixed. Then, the formed fixed image was rubbed with a cotton pad, and the fixing strength was calculated according to the following formula as an index of low energy fixing property. The image density was a reflection densitometer RD-914 manufactured by Macbeth.
Fixing strength (%) = image density of fixed image after rubbing / image density of fixed image before rubbing × 100
As a result, the electrophotographic toner of Example 1 is an electrophotographic toner having a non-offset temperature range of 125 to 185 ° C., a non-offset temperature range of 60 ° C., a fixing strength of 93%, and good low-temperature fixability. It was confirmed that there was.
In addition, when the electrophotographic toner was copied using a commercially available copying machine, the initial image characteristics were sufficient in image density and the background fogging was small, and copies were made up to 20000 sheets, but the initial image characteristics were maintained and the copying was performed without any problem. We were able to.
[0014]
<Example 2>
An electrophotographic toner according to the present invention was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the above raw materials.
In this case, the volume resistance of the pulverized product was 2 × 10 10 Ω · cm, and no clogging occurred in the classifier.
Further, when the electrophotographic toner was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, the non-offset temperature region was 120 to 180 ° C., the non-offset temperature range was 60 ° C., the fixing strength was 93%, and the low-temperature fixability was good. The toner was confirmed to be an electrophotographic toner.
In addition, when the electrophotographic toner was copied using a commercially available copying machine, the initial image characteristics were sufficient in image density and the background fogging was small, and copies were made up to 20000 sheets, but the initial image characteristics were maintained and the copying was performed without any problem. We were able to.
[0015]
<Example 3>
1 mol of tetradecanoic acid, 2 mol of heptadecane 1 ol and 0.5 mol of sulfuric acid were placed in a round bottom flask equipped with a stirrer and a condenser and heated to reflux at 130 ° C. for 4 hours. Next, excess heptadecane 1 ol was removed, and the residue was purified with methyl ether to obtain a monoester wax having a melting point of 65 ° C. used in the present invention.
An electrophotographic toner according to the present invention was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the above raw materials.
In this case, the volume resistance of the pulverized product was 4 × 10 10 Ω · cm, and no clogging occurred in the classifier.
Further, when the electrophotographic toner was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, the non-offset temperature region was 125 to 180 ° C., the non-offset temperature range was 55 ° C., the fixing strength was 91%, and the low-temperature fixability was good. The toner was confirmed to be an electrophotographic toner.
In addition, when the electrophotographic toner was copied using a commercially available copying machine, the initial image characteristics were sufficient in image density and the background fogging was small, and copies were made up to 20000 sheets, but the initial image characteristics were maintained and the copying was performed without any problem. We were able to.
[0016]
<Example 4>
An electrophotographic toner according to the present invention was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the above raw materials.
In this case, the volume resistance value of the pulverized product was 4.5 × 10 10 Ω · cm, and no clogging occurred in the classifier.
Further, when the electrophotographic toner was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, the non-offset temperature range was 120 to 180 ° C., the non-offset temperature range was 60 ° C., the fixing strength was 97%, and the low-temperature fixability was good. The toner was confirmed to be an electrophotographic toner.
In addition, when the electrophotographic toner was copied using a commercially available copying machine, the initial image characteristics were sufficient in image density and the background fogging was small, and copies were made up to 20000 sheets, but the initial image characteristics were maintained and the copying was performed without any problem. We were able to.
[0017]
<Example 5>
An electrophotographic toner according to the present invention was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the above raw materials.
In this case, the volume resistance value of the pulverized product was 2.4 × 10 10 Ω · cm, and no clogging occurred in the classifier.
Further, when the electrophotographic toner was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, the non-offset temperature region was 130 to 190 ° C., the non-offset temperature range was 60 ° C., the fixing strength was 84%, and the low-temperature fixability was good. The toner was confirmed to be an electrophotographic toner.
In addition, when the electrophotographic toner was copied using a commercially available copying machine, the initial image characteristics were sufficient in image density and the background fogging was small, and copies were made up to 20000 sheets, but the initial image characteristics were maintained and the copying was performed without any problem. We were able to.
[0018]
<Example 6>
An electrophotographic toner according to the present invention was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the above raw materials.
In this case, the volume resistance of the pulverized product was 2.2 × 10 10 Ω · cm, and no clogging occurred in the classifier.
When the electrophotographic toner was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, the non-offset temperature region was 130 to 195 ° C., the non-offset temperature range was 65 ° C., the fixing strength was 86%, and the low-temperature fixing property was good. The toner was confirmed to be an electrophotographic toner.
In addition, when the electrophotographic toner was copied using a commercially available copying machine, the initial image characteristics were sufficient in image density and the background fogging was small, and copies were made up to 20000 sheets, but the initial image characteristics were maintained and the copying was performed without any problem. We were able to.
[0019]
<Comparative Example 1>
An electrophotographic toner was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 5 parts of carbon black (trade name; Ketjen Black EC, manufactured by Lion Akzo Co., Ltd.) was added as a raw material, and the amount of carbon black was 20 parts.
In this case, the volume resistance value of the pulverized product was 9 × 10 9 Ω · cm, and no clogging occurred in the classifier.
However, when the electrophotographic toner is copied with a commercially available copying machine, the initial image characteristics have a lot of background fog, the triboelectric charge amount during continuous copying is unstable, and the image density is sufficiently practical. I couldn't.
[0020]
<Comparative example 2>
In Example 1, it manufactured similarly except having changed the content of carbon black (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation brand name; MA-100) 15 parts into 4 parts.
In this case, the volume resistance value of the pulverized product was 11 × 10 10 Ω · cm.
However, in the step of classifying the pulverized product with a classifier, clogging occurred and the production of the toner was seriously hindered.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
According to the production method of the present invention, it is possible to obtain an electrophotographic toner having a small particle diameter of 6 to 10 μm which can be fixed at a low temperature without causing clogging of a classifier.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21425596A JP3718294B2 (en) | 1996-07-24 | 1996-07-24 | Method for producing toner for electrophotography |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21425596A JP3718294B2 (en) | 1996-07-24 | 1996-07-24 | Method for producing toner for electrophotography |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH1039542A JPH1039542A (en) | 1998-02-13 |
| JP3718294B2 true JP3718294B2 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
Family
ID=16652732
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21425596A Expired - Lifetime JP3718294B2 (en) | 1996-07-24 | 1996-07-24 | Method for producing toner for electrophotography |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3718294B2 (en) |
-
1996
- 1996-07-24 JP JP21425596A patent/JP3718294B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH1039542A (en) | 1998-02-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5072113B2 (en) | Electrophotographic toner and toner binder resin | |
| JP2002082484A (en) | Toner for electrostatic charge development, toner container, and image forming apparatus | |
| JP2000321815A (en) | toner | |
| JP4846703B2 (en) | Toner for electrophotography and method for producing the same | |
| JP2015114482A (en) | Toner | |
| JP6292865B2 (en) | Toner and two-component developer | |
| JP3413029B2 (en) | Toner for developing electrostatic images | |
| JP2838498B2 (en) | Electrophotographic toner | |
| JP3718294B2 (en) | Method for producing toner for electrophotography | |
| JP3631547B2 (en) | Toner for electrophotography | |
| JP3535674B2 (en) | Toner for developing electrostatic images | |
| JP2949558B2 (en) | Electrophotographic toner | |
| JP2838509B2 (en) | Electrophotographic toner | |
| JP3846011B2 (en) | Toner for electrostatic image development | |
| JP2923843B2 (en) | Electrophotographic toner | |
| JPH08240924A (en) | Method of manufacturing electrophotographic toner | |
| JP2982108B2 (en) | Electrophotographic toner | |
| JP3392038B2 (en) | Toner for developing electrostatic images | |
| JP3891524B2 (en) | Toner for electrophotography | |
| JP3230041B2 (en) | Image forming method | |
| JP3581496B2 (en) | Toner for developing electrostatic images | |
| JP5649516B2 (en) | Toner for electrostatic image development | |
| JP3641727B2 (en) | Toner for electrostatic development | |
| JP2006317744A (en) | Negatively chargeable toner | |
| JP2007057869A (en) | Wax for toner and toner using these waxes |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20040305 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20040316 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20040513 |
|
| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20050405 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20050531 |
|
| A911 | Transfer of reconsideration by examiner before appeal (zenchi) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A911 Effective date: 20050803 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20050830 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20050902 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20080909 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090909 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090909 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100909 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110909 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110909 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120909 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120909 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130909 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130909 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130909 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |