JP3718773B2

JP3718773B2 - Large block for revetment

Info

Publication number: JP3718773B2
Application number: JP2002082081A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 杉晃草竹
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2002-02-15
Filing date: 2002-02-15
Publication date: 2005-11-24
Anticipated expiration: 2022-02-15
Also published as: JP2003239252A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、護岸用大型ブロックに関するものであり、詳しくは、表面の粗度係数が大きく、また上下方向の耐圧性に優れた護岸用大型ブロックに関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、護岸用ブロックとしては、方形板状のブロックの表面ほぼ全体にわたって凹部が設けられたものや、方形板状のブロックの平坦な表面に、リブをＶ字状やＸ字状等に突設したものがある。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記表面に凹部が設けられた護岸用ブロックは、例えば縦、横の長さが各５０ｃｍ程度以下の大きさの通常のブロックにあっては、法面に敷設してもその凹部が適度に点在し、護岸面の凹凸起伏を激しくしてその粗度係数を大きくすることができ、河川の流速を緩和して水勢を減衰できる等その効果が期待できるが、上記以上の大きさ、例えば縦又は横の長さが１ｍ程度或いはそれ以上として施工の省力化を図った大型ブロックにあっては、凹部の面積が飛躍的に広くなるために、護岸面を形成しても平滑面が増して表面の粗度係数が小さくなり、通常のブロックに比しその効果が減少するとともに、敷設時において、凹部中央付近における上下方向の耐圧性に劣るという問題点があった。
【０００４】
しかも、大型ブロックにあっては、面積の広い凹部内に積もった雪や該所内で凍結した氷等が融解時に大きい形のまま滑落して、護岸面上又はその付近にいる人を傷つけるおそれもあり、安全性の面でも不十分な問題点があった。
又、上記表面にリブが突設された護岸用ブロックは、そのリブが土留めのために設けられた覆土護岸専用のものであって、上記した通常の護岸用ブロック、大型ブロックとは全くその目的を異にするものである。
【０００５】
本発明は、かかる従来の問題点に鑑みてなされたものであって、表面の粗度係数が大きく、敷設時の上下方向の耐圧性に優れた護岸用大型ブロックを提供することを課題とする。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、本発明の護岸用大型ブロックは、板状をなすブロック本体２の表面に、その縁部２ａとの間に表面部２ｂを残置して凹部３が設けられ、該凹部３を左右に分割すべきリブ４が、相対して凹部３を形成する夫々傾斜面状の上側内壁３ｂと下側内壁３ｃにわたり少なくとも１以上突設され、その突出高さが凹部３の縁部３ａよりも低いか又は高くなされ、リブ４の下方部で凹部３の下側内壁３ｃ上に位置する部分からブロック本体２をその厚み方向に裏面側へ貫通する水抜き孔５を設けてなることを特徴とする。
【０００７】
かかる本発明の護岸用大型ブロックによれば、ブロック本体２の凹部３にその突出高さを該凹部３の縁部３ａよりも低いか又は高くして設けたリブ４が凹部３を細分化するとともに、河川の流水と直交せる表面部２ｂと高さが異なった障壁をなして表面の粗度係数を大きくすることができ、河川の流速を効果的に緩和して水勢を減衰でき、治水や生態系保全等に役立つ。また、法面に敷設した際には、互いに隣接するブロックの自重等による上下方向からの圧縮力に対してリブ４が補強効果を発揮し、その耐圧性を向上させることができる。しかも、広い面積の凹部３がリブ４によって左右に分割されるため、該分割された凹部３内に雨水、土砂、ゴミ等が溜まりにくく、又、凹部３内での積雪及び氷結量を少なくでき、融解時にたとえこれらが滑落しても、その量や形が小さいことから、護岸面やその付近にいる人を傷つけるおそれがほとんどなく、親水性及び安全性を確保することができる。
【０００８】
又、かかる本発明の護岸用大型ブロックによれば、リブ４の下方部で凹部３の下側内壁３ｃ上に位置する部分からブロック本体２をその厚み方向に裏面側へ貫通する水抜き孔５を設けてなるために、護岸面背土の浸透水や含水等の排水に際して、背土に接するブロック本体２の裏面側からリブ４の表面側、即ちブロック本体２のできるだけ下側且つ表面側に直接排水することができ、排水効率を向上させることができる。又、リブ４によって凹部３部分よりも分厚く形成された部分に水抜き孔５を設けることから、水抜き孔５によりブロック本体２の強度が損なわれるようなことがない。
【０００９】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面を参照しながら本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
図１は本発明の護岸用大型ブロックの水抜き孔を具備しない一実施の形態を示し、１は大型ブロックであって、隅切方形板状のブロック本体２の表面に、その縁部２ａとの間に表面部２ｂを額縁状に残置して凹部３が設けられ、該凹部３を左右に分割する真直ぐなリブ４が、相対して凹部３を形成する上側内壁３ｂと下側内壁３ｃにわたって突設されてなる。
【００１０】
上記ブロック本体２は、図１（ロ）に示す如く、その上下左右の側壁２ｄに、各隅切部の両側に位置する凸部２ｅが設けられるとともに、各凸部２ｅ間に側壁２ｄの長さ方向に沿う凹溝２ｆが設けられており、上記凸部２ｅは、後述するように大型ブロック１の敷設時に互いに当接して隣接するブロック本体２間に合端コンクリート９充填用の合端空所１０を形成するために設けられ、又、凹溝２ｆは大型ブロック１の運搬や敷設時の吊具係止用や上記合端コンクリート９とブロック本体２の結合を強固にするために設けられる。
【００１１】
又、上記ブロック本体２は、図１（ハ）及び（ホ）に示す如く、その表面に縁部２ａと連設する段状の肩部６（後述するコテの係止部をなす）がその外周縁に沿って設けられており、上記敷設時に互いに隣接するブロック本体２間に充填する合端コンクリート９の仕上げ高さ位置を示すものである。尚、図１（ヘ）に示す如く、ブロック本体２の縁部２ａが隅角状や少許の隅切状（破線で示す）となされ、肩部６がこれに連設してもよい。
【００１２】
又、上記ブロック本体２内には、例えば図１３に示す如き所定形状の締結用鉄筋７が配筋され、該締結用鉄筋７のほぼＶ形状の吊杆状をなす各締結端部７ａがブロック本体２の各隅切状の隅部側壁２ｃから外方に突出され、各締結端部７ａが大型ブロック１の敷設時に互いに隣接するブロック本体２の連結部位となされる。
【００１３】
上記凹部３は、その縁部３ａをブロック本体２の縁部２ａにほぼ沿うようにしてブロック本体２の表面に額縁状の表面部２ｂを残置して設けられ、該凹部３を形成する下側内壁３ｃが、図１（ロ）及び（ニ）に示す如く、急傾斜面をなす上側内壁３ｂよりも法幅が広い緩傾斜面となされ、凹部３内に雨水、土砂、ゴミ等が溜まり難くなされるとともに、たとえ溜まっても容易に排出できる形状となされている。
上記リブ４は、凹部３のほぼ中央部において凹部３を左右にほぼ２等分する如く真直ぐな棒状として隆起状に設けられ、その突出高さは凹部３の縁部３ａよりも若干低くなされ、その側面は傾斜面となされており、ブロック本体２の面粗度を粗くしている。
【００１４】
しかして、本実施の形態の大型ブロック１は、例えば図４に示す如く、法面Ｇに敷設される際、互いに隣接する大型ブロック１のブロック本体２の側壁２ｄに設けた凸部２ｅどうしが当接されてブロック本体２間に合端空所１０が形成されるとともに、上記当接する凸部２ｅと隅切状の隅部側壁２ｃによって囲まれた矩形をなす合端空所１０内において、図５（イ）及び（ロ）に示す如く、隅部側壁２ｃに突出した各締結端部７ａが重ね合わされ、例えばその重合部にＴ形状をなすブロック連結具２６等が各締結端部７ａを貫通して挿通されることにより連結され、上記各合端空所１０に合端コンクリート９が充填されて連結一体化される。
【００１５】
又、上記大型ブロック１によれば、上記合端コンクリート９の充填時に、ブロック本体２間に形成された合端空所１０で、隣接するブロック本体２の縁部２ａと連設する肩部６が互いに離隔してほぼ面一状になされ、合端コンクリート９の充填高さ位置の目印となり、図６（イ）及び（ロ）に示す如く、コテ１１のコテ板１１ａの両縁部を互いに隣接するブロック本体２間で平行せる肩部６の上面に係止、当接して摺動させれば、図４（ニ）に示す如く、コテ仕上げによる合端コンクリート９の表面を肩部６とほぼ面一状に容易且つ迅速、美麗に仕上げることができる。又、上記の他、コテ板１１ａが小さい場合にあっても、図６（ハ）に示す如く、コテ板１１ａの片方縁部を平行せる一方の肩部６の上面に係止、当接して摺動させた後、他方側へ移行させコテ板１１ａのもう片方縁部を他方の肩部６の上面に係止、当接してコテ１１を摺動させれば、上記と同様の効果が得られる。
【００１６】
また、本実施の形態の大型ブロック１が、法面Ｇに多数個敷設されて構築された護岸面は、各大型ブロック１のリブ４が凹部３を細分化すると共に、護岸面の上下方向に向け延設されて河川の流水と直交し、且つ表面部２ｂと高さが異なる障壁をなすため、従来の護岸用の通常ブロックにも劣らぬ大きな表面粗度係数を有することとなる。また、リブ４は、上下方向からの大型ブロック１の自重等による圧縮力に対して補強効果を発揮し、護岸面全体の耐圧性を向上させるとともに、広い面積の凹部３を左右に分割して、該分割された凹部３内に雨水、土砂、ゴミ等を溜まりにくくし、しかも、凹部３内での氷結や積雪量を少なくして、融解時にたとえこれらが滑落しても、その量や形を小さくせしめることから、護岸面やその付近にいる人を傷つけるおそれがほとんどない、安全な護岸面を構成するのである。
【００１７】
図２は本発明の護岸用大型ブロックの一実施の形態を示し、上記図１に示す大型ブロック１のリブ４に、ブロック本体２を貫通する水抜き孔５を設けてなり、その他は図１の大型ブロック１と同様であるためその説明は省略する。
上記水抜き孔５は、図２（イ）に示すように、リブ４の下方部、即ちリブ４が凹部３を形成する下側内壁３ｃ上に位置する部分以内から、図２（ロ）に示すように、ブロック本体２をその厚み方向で斜め上方向に貫通し裏面側に開口して設けられている。
【００１８】
本実施の形態の大型ブロック１にあっては、例えば図４（イ）及び（ロ）に示すように法面Ｇに敷設されると、図４（ハ）に示すように、護岸面背土（法面Ｇ）の浸透水や含水等の水Ｗが水抜き孔５を通してブロック本体２のリブ４の表面側、即ちブロック本体２の下側且つ表面側に近い位置に直接的に排水され、例えて、表面から凹陥せる凹部３に排水するものと比較して遥に排水効率がよい。また、リブ４によって凹部３よりも厚肉となされた部分に水抜き孔５を設けることから、水抜き孔５によってブロック本体２の強度を損なうようなことがない。
尚、上記水抜き孔５を具備した大型ブロック１の敷設に際し、図４（ロ）及び（ハ）に示す如く、水抜き孔５の裏面側開口と接する法面Ｇにフィルター材Ｆを配せば、水抜きパイプを要せずに好適な排水処理が行える。
【００１９】
図３は本発明の護岸用大型ブロックの水抜き孔を具備しない他実施の形態を示し、上記図１に示す大型ブロック１の縦長さをほぼ半分にし、ブロック本体２の左右の縦側壁２ｄに凹溝２ｆを設けずに、該側壁２ｄのほぼ中央部に側面視円形の係止凹部２ｈ（前記凹溝２ｆと同様に大型ブロック１ａの運搬、敷設時の吊具係止用や合端コンクリート９とブロック本体２の結合を強固にする）を設けたものであって、その他は図１の大型ブロック１と同様であるためその説明は省略する。尚、本実施の形態の大型ブロック１ａは、上記のように縦長さを短くしたため、ブロック本体２内に配筋される締結用鉄筋７も図１４に示す如く、その形状が図１の大型ブロック１に使用されたものと異なる。
尚又、上記側壁２ｄに係止凹部２ｈを設ける構成は、図２（ハ）に示す如く、前記大型ブロック１（水抜き孔５を具備したものも含む）の側壁２ｄにも採用可能であり、かかる実施の形態では凹溝２ｆと併設されてなる。又、その凹陥形状は自由であり、例えて側面視方形、多角形、楕円形等、その大きさを含めて適宜に変更できる。
【００２０】
本実施の形態の大型ブロック１ａにあっては、縦長さが短くなったため、凹部３の面積も小さくなり、且つリブ４によって左右に分割されることから、例えば図４や図７に示すような体裁を呈し、護岸面の一部又は全面を形成してその表面粗度係数を大きくする、凹部３への堆積物量を減少させる等、前記大型ブロック１により構築された護岸面と同様に優れた水理特性、安全性及び親水性を発揮する利点がある。
尚、図４における大型ブロック１ａは大型ブロック１による護岸面の法長さ調整に使用されている。又、図７に示す大型ブロック１ａは、リブ４に水抜き孔５を設けたもの（本発明の護岸用大型ブロックの他実施の形態をなす）と共に護岸面全面に敷設され、且つブロック本体２の上側、下側の側壁２ｄの長さ方向のほぼ中央部にも締結用鉄筋７の締結端部７ａが突設され、レンガ積み状に配列した互いに隣接するブロック本体２どうしを連結しうるようになされている。尚又、図４における１ｂはリブ無しの縦長状大型ブロックを示す。
【００２１】
尚、上記各実施の形態においては、ブロック本体２の形状は隅切方形となされているが、これに限定されることなく、例えば方形、隅丸方形、多角形、円形等適宜形状であってもよい。また、ブロック本体２は、上記各実施の形態のように張ブロックをなすべくその裏面は平面であってもよいし、法面との一体性を増すための突起体やアンカーが突設されてもよく、或いは積みブロックをなすべく、例えば図１２（イ）に示すように、裏面に控体２ｇが適宜形状で突設されてもよい。又、ブロック本体２の側壁２ｄには、例えば図８に示す如く、凸部２ｅと凹溝２ｆを夫々平面視鉤の手状に連設して設けてもよいし、図１０や図１１に示す如く凹溝２ｆがなくともよい。更に、側壁２ｄに突設した凸部２ｅは、例えば図１０に示す如く段状に側壁２ｄの長さ方向に連続していてもよい。
【００２２】
又、上記各実施の形態においては、ブロック本体２の側壁２ｄに凸部２ｅを設け、敷設時に該凸部２ｅどうしが当接されて隣接するブロック本体２間に合端コンクリート９の充填用の合端空所１０を形成するようになされているが、これに限定されるものではない。例えば図８に示す如く、ブロック本体２の側壁２ｄに、上記したように凸部２ｅと凹溝２ｆを夫々平面視鉤の手状に連設して設けるとともに、凹溝２ｆ内にその長さ方向にわたってパッキン材２０を取り付けておき、図９に示す如く、レンガ積み状或いは格子積み状の配列をもって法面Ｇに敷設される際、互いに隣接する大型ブロック１等のブロック本体２の側壁２ｄに設けた凸部２ｅと凹溝２ｆとを互いに嵌合させるとともに、図９（ハ）に示すように、凸部２ｅによって凹溝２ｆ内のパッキン材２０を圧着し、凸部２ｅと凹溝２ｆ間に挟着させて全接合部を水密状態となすこともできる。
尚、この場合は、パッキン材２０を介在せる凹溝２ｆと凸部２ｅとの凹凸嵌合によりブロック相互間の一体性と水密性を確保してなるために、上記締結用鉄筋７、ブロック連結具２６や合端コンクリート９等の副資材を全く用いずとも堅固な護岸面が構築できると同時に、施工の迅速化及びコスト縮減に寄与するという有益なる効果をも奏する。
【００２３】
又、凹部３は、上記各実施の形態において、その縁部３ａの全周にわたってブロック本体２の縁部２ａとの間に表面部２ｂを額縁状に残置して設けられているが、これに限定されることなく、凹部３の縁部３ａの周囲の一部に上記表面部２ｂを残置して設けられてもよいし、表面部２ｂを設けずにブロック本体２の縁部２ａから直接的に設けられてもよい。又、凹部３の縁部３ａはブロック本体２の縁部２ａに必ずしも沿う必要はなく、凹部３内にできるだけ堆積物が生じにくい適宜形状であればよい。
【００２４】
リブ４は、単体で突設されてもよいし、適宜複数突設されてもよく、その突設位置についても凹部３の任意位置であればよく、又、図１０、図１１に示すように、凹部３の縁部３ａの上端から下端まで、即ち相対して凹部３を形成する上側内壁３ｂと下側内壁３ｃ間の全長にわたって突設されてもよいし、図１０に示す如く、縁部３ａを越えてブロック本体２の表面部２ｂに至ってもよい。又、リブ４は、凹部３を左右に分割するようになされておればよく、上記各実施の形態に示すように平面視垂直状に設ける他、斜め状や屈曲状或いは適宜曲線状に設けてもよいし、その幅及び突設間隔も長さ方向にわたってほぼ均一状であってもよいし、適宜異なっていてもよい。
【００２５】
例えば、図１２（イ）及び（ロ）に示す積みブロックをなす各大型ブロック１においては、図１２（イ）の場合には、２本の垂直状のリブ４が凹部３を左右に３等分する如く平行に設けられ、図１２（ロ）の場合には、３本の斜め方向のリブ４が凹部３を左右に４等分する如く平行に設けられ、それぞれ河川の水勢に応じた適切な表面粗度係数が得られるべく配設されてなる。
又、リブ４の表面は、平面状となされる他、例えば図１０や図１１に示すように、ブロック本体２の表面よりも突出する弧状、山形状等の適宜凸状となされたり、或いは凹凸状となされてもよい。
【００２６】
水抜き孔５は、上記図２に示したようにリブ４の下方部、即ちリブ４が凹部３を形成する下側内壁３ｃ上に位置する部分以内から裏面側に向け設けられるのが効果的に排水でき好ましい。又、その流水断面形状も円形、だ円形、方形、多角形等適宜形状となされて、ブロック本体２の裏面側に貫通されればよい。
【００２７】
又、ブロック本体２に配筋した締結用鉄筋７の形状も上記各実施の形態におけるものに限定されないし、隅部側壁２ｃや外周壁をなす側壁２ｄから突出する締結端部７ａの形状も適宜形状であればよい。又、締結用鉄筋７から締結端部７ａが分離され夫々個別に併設されてもよく、又、分離された締結端部７ａのみを突設し、ブロック本体２が無筋状になされてもよいし、前記締結端部７ａがブロック本体２から突出することなく、ブロック本体２の補強用となされてもよい。
即ち、上記ブロック本体２、凹部３、リブ４、水抜き孔５、締結用鉄筋７及び締結端部７ａの形状、リブ４の数等は上記実施の形態のものに限定されることなく、本発明の意図する範囲内で適宜設計変更可能である。
【００２８】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述した如く、本発明の護岸用大型ブロックは、板状をなすブロック本体の表面に、その縁部との間に表面部を残置して凹部が設けられ、該凹部を左右に分割すべきリブが、相対して凹部を形成する夫々傾斜面状の上側内壁と下側内壁にわたり少なくとも１以上突設され、その突出高さが凹部の縁部よりも低いか又は高くなされてなるために、凹部を細分化するリブによって表面の粗度係数を大きくすることができ、河川の流速を効果的に緩和して水勢を減衰でき、治水や生態系保全等に役立つとともに、法面に敷設した際には、互いに隣接するブロックの自重等による上下方向からの圧縮力に対してリブが補強効果を発揮し、その耐圧性を向上させることができる。
しかも、広い面積の凹部がリブによって左右に分割されるため、該分割された凹部内に雨水、土砂、ゴミ等が溜まりにくく、法面の維持管理が容易にできるとともに、凹部内での積雪及び氷結量を少なくでき、融解時にたとえこれらが滑落しても、その量や形が小さいことから護岸面やその付近にいる人を傷つけるおそれがほとんどなく、親水性及び安全性を確保することができる。
【００２９】
又、本発明の護岸用大型ブロックは、リブの下方部で凹部の下側内壁上に位置する部分からブロック本体をその厚み方向に裏面側へ貫通する水抜き孔を設けてなるために、護岸面背土の浸透水や含水等の排水に際して、ブロック本体の裏面側からリブの表面側、即ちブロック本体のできるだけ下側且つ表面側に直接排水することができ、排水効率を向上させることができる。又、リブによって凹部部分よりも分厚く形成された部分に水抜き孔を設けることから、水抜き孔によりブロック本体の強度が損なわれるようなことがない。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の護岸用大型ブロックの水抜き孔を具備しない一実施の形態を示し、（イ）は正面図、（ロ）は平面図、（ハ）は（ロ）のＡ−Ａ断面図、（ニ）は（ロ）のＢ−Ｂ断面図、（ホ）は（ハ）のＣ部拡大図、（ヘ）は同Ｃ部の他の例を示す拡大図。
【図２】本発明の護岸用大型ブロックの一実施の形態を示し、（イ）は平面図、（ロ）は（イ）のＤ−Ｄ断面図、（ハ）は他の側壁の形態を示す側面図。
【図３】本発明の護岸用大型ブロックの水抜き孔を具備しない他実施の形態を示し、（イ）は正面図、（ロ）は平面図、（ハ）は側面図、（ニ）は（ロ）のＥ−Ｅ断面図、（ホ）は（ロ）のＦ−Ｆ断面図。
【図４】本発明の護岸用大型ブロックによって形成された護岸面の例を示し、（イ）の斜め左上部は空積み時の展開図、斜め右下部は練積み時の展開図、（ロ）は（イ）のＧ−Ｇ断面図、（ハ）は（ロ）のａ部拡大図、（ニ）は（イ）のＨ−Ｈ拡大断面図。
【図５】（イ）はブロック連結具使用時の図４（イ）のｂ部拡大図、（ロ）は（イ）のＹ−Ｙ断面図。
【図６】（イ）は図４（イ）のＴ部拡大図、（ロ）は（イ）のｇ−ｇ断面図、（ハ）は他のコテ使用例を示す一部拡大断面図。
【図７】本発明の護岸用大型ブロックによって形成された護岸面の他の例を示し、（イ）の斜め左上部は空積み時の展開図、その余は練積み時の展開図、（ロ）は（イ）のＩ−Ｉ拡大断面図。
【図８】本発明の護岸用大型ブロックの水抜き孔を具備しない他実施の形態を示し、（イ）は正面図、（ロ）は平面図、（ハ）は（ロ）のＵ−Ｕ断面図、（ニ）は（ロ）のＺ−Ｚ断面図。
【図９】図８の護岸用大型ブロックによって形成された護岸面の例を示し、（イ）は展開図、（ロ）は（イ）のｈ−ｈ断面図、（ハ）は（イ）のｉ−ｉ拡大断面図。
【図１０】本発明の護岸用大型ブロックの水抜き孔を具備しない他実施の形態を示し、（イ）は正面図、（ロ）は平面図、（ハ）は（ロ）のＪ−Ｊ断面図、（ニ）は（ロ）のＫ−Ｋ断面図。
【図１１】本発明の護岸用大型ブロックの水抜き孔を具備しない他実施の形態を示し、（イ）は正面図、（ロ）は平面図、（ハ）は（ロ）のＬ−Ｌ断面図、（ニ）は（ロ）のＭ−Ｍ断面図。
【図１２】（イ）及び（ロ）はそれぞれ本発明の護岸用大型ブロックの水抜き孔を具備しない他実施の形態を示し、（イ）は斜視図、（ロ）は正面図。
【図１３】本発明の護岸用大型ブロックの締結用鉄筋の例を示す平面図。
【図１４】本発明の護岸用大型ブロックの締結用鉄筋の他の例を示す平面図。
【符号の説明】
１，１ａ，１ｂ大型ブロック
２ブロック本体
２ａ縁部
２ｂ表面部
２ｃ隅部側壁
３凹部
３ｂ上側内壁
３ｃ下側内壁
４リブ
５水抜き孔
６肩部
７締結用鉄筋
７ａ締結端部
１０合端空所
２０パッキン材
２６ブロック連結具[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a revetment for a large block, particularly, large roughness factor of the surface, also those concerning the vertical direction of a large block for excellence in seawall pressure resistance.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a block for revetment, a rib is provided in a V-shaped or X-shaped form on a flat surface of a rectangular plate-like block, or a rectangular plate-like block with a concave portion provided over almost the entire surface. There is what I did .
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the revetment block provided with a recess on the surface, for example, in the case of a normal block whose vertical and horizontal lengths are about 50 cm or less each, the recess is moderate even if laid on the slope. It can be scattered, and the roughness coefficient can be increased by increasing the unevenness of the revetment surface, and the effect can be expected such as reducing the flow rate of the river and attenuating the water force. For example, in the case of a large-sized block that has a vertical or horizontal length of about 1 m or more and is designed to save labor, the area of the recess is dramatically increased. In addition, the surface roughness coefficient is reduced, the effect is reduced as compared with a normal block, and when laid, there is a problem that the vertical pressure resistance in the vicinity of the center of the recess is inferior.
[0004]
In addition, in large blocks, there is a risk that snow piled up in a large-area recess or ice frozen in the place will slide down in a large shape when melted and injure people on or near the revetment surface. There was also an insufficient problem in terms of safety .
In addition , the revetment block with ribs projecting on the surface is dedicated to the cover soil revetment where the ribs are provided for earth retaining, and the above-mentioned ordinary revetment blocks and large blocks are completely It has a different purpose .
[0005]
The present invention was made in view of such conventional problems, problems that roughness coefficient of the surface is large, to provide the vertical revetments for large blocks excellence in pressure resistance at the time of laying And
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the large block for revetment of the present invention is provided with a recess 3 on the surface of the plate-like block body 2 with the surface portion 2b remaining between the edge portion 2a. At least one or more ribs 4 that divide the recess 3 into left and right are provided to project over the inclined upper and lower inner walls 3b and 3c that form the recess 3 relative to each other. A drain hole 5 that is lower or higher than the portion 3a and that penetrates the block body 2 from the portion located on the lower inner wall 3c of the recess 3 at the lower portion of the rib 4 to the back surface side in the thickness direction is provided. It is characterized by that.
[0007]
According to such a large block for revetment of the present invention, the rib 4 provided in the concave portion 3 of the block body 2 with its protruding height lower than or higher than the edge 3 a of the concave portion 3 subdivides the concave portion 3. At the same time, the surface roughness coefficient can be increased by forming a barrier with a different height from the surface portion 2b orthogonal to the river running water, effectively reducing the river flow velocity and reducing the water flow. Useful for ecosystem conservation. Further, when laid on a slope, the rib 4 exerts a reinforcing effect against the compressive force from the vertical direction due to the weight of adjacent blocks and the like, and the pressure resistance can be improved. In addition, since the recess 3 having a large area is divided into right and left by the ribs 4, rainwater, earth and sand, dust, etc. are difficult to collect in the divided recess 3, and the amount of snow and freezing in the recess 3 can be reduced. Even if they slip off when melted, the amount and shape are small, so there is almost no risk of damaging the revetment surface or the people in the vicinity, and hydrophilicity and safety can be ensured.
[0008]
Further, either mow according to revetment for large blocks of the present invention, the drain hole penetrating from the portion located on the lower inner wall 3c of the recesses 3 at the lower part of the ribs 4 to the rear surface side of the block body 2 in the thickness direction thereof 5 is provided, when draining water such as seepage water or water containing the revetment surface back soil, from the back side of the block body 2 in contact with the back soil, to the surface side of the rib 4, that is, the lower side and the surface side of the block body 2 as much as possible It is possible to drain directly and improve drainage efficiency. Further, since the drain hole 5 is provided in the portion formed thicker than the concave portion 3 by the rib 4, the strength of the block body 2 is not impaired by the drain hole 5 .
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a large block for revetment according to the present invention which is not provided with a drain hole . 1 is a large block, which has an edge 2a on the surface of a corner body 2 having a square-cut rectangular plate shape. A concave portion 3 is provided with the surface portion 2b left in a frame shape, and a straight rib 4 that divides the concave portion 3 into right and left extends over the upper inner wall 3b and the lower inner wall 3c that form the concave portion 3 relative to each other. Protruded.
[0010]
As shown in FIG. 1 (b), the block main body 2 is provided with convex portions 2e located on both sides of each corner cut portion on the upper, lower, left and right side walls 2d, and the length of the side wall 2d between the convex portions 2e. A concave groove 2f is provided along the vertical direction, and the convex portion 2e is in contact with each other when the large block 1 is laid, as will be described later. The groove 2f is provided for transporting the large block 1 and for locking the hanging tool during laying and for strengthening the connection between the end concrete 9 and the block body 2. .
[0011]
In addition, as shown in FIGS. 1 (C) and 1 (E), the block main body 2 has a stepped shoulder portion 6 (which forms a locking portion of a later-described iron) connected to the edge portion 2a on the surface thereof. It is provided along the outer peripheral edge, and indicates the finished height position of the end-to-end concrete 9 filled between the block bodies 2 adjacent to each other at the time of laying. As shown in FIG. 1 (f), the edge 2a of the block main body 2 may have a corner shape or a slightly rounded corner shape (shown by a broken line), and the shoulder portion 6 may be provided continuously therewith.
[0012]
Further, the above-mentioned block body 2, the fastening reinforcing bars 7 having a predetermined shape as shown in FIG. 13 Haisuji For example, the fastening end 7a which forms a hanging rod-shaped substantially V shape of the fastening reinforcing bars 7 Each of the fastening end portions 7a protrudes outward from each corner-shaped corner side wall 2c of the block body 2 and serves as a connecting portion of the block bodies 2 adjacent to each other when the large block 1 is laid.
[0013]
The concave portion 3 is provided with a frame-shaped surface portion 2b left on the surface of the block main body 2 with the edge portion 3a substantially extending along the edge portion 2a of the block main body 2, and the lower side forming the concave portion 3 As shown in FIGS. 1B and 1D, the inner wall 3c is a gently inclined surface having a wider width than the upper inner wall 3b that forms a steeply inclined surface, and rain water, earth and sand, dust, etc. are not easily collected in the recess 3. In addition, it has a shape that can be easily discharged even if it accumulates.
The rib 4 is provided in a raised shape as a straight rod so as to divide the concave portion 3 into two substantially right and left at substantially the center of the concave portion 3, and its protruding height is slightly lower than the edge 3a of the concave portion 3, The side surface is an inclined surface, and the surface roughness of the block body 2 is increased.
[0014]
Thus, when the large block 1 of the present embodiment is laid on the slope G, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, the convex portions 2e provided on the side walls 2d of the block body 2 of the large block 1 adjacent to each other are arranged. Abutting space 10 is formed between the block main bodies 2 by abutting, and in the abutting space 10 forming a rectangle surrounded by the abutting convex portion 2e and the corner-shaped corner side wall 2c, 5 as shown in (a) and (b), the fastening end 7a projecting corner sidewall 2c are overlapped, for example, to block connector 26 and the like each fastening end, such a T shape in its polymerization unit The joints 9 are connected by being inserted through the holes 7a, and the joint concrete 9 is filled in the joint spaces 10 and integrated .
[0015]
Further, according to the large block 1, the shoulder 6 connected to the edge 2 a of the adjacent block body 2 in the joint space 10 formed between the block bodies 2 when the joint concrete 9 is filled. Are spaced apart from each other and are substantially flush and serve as a mark for the filling height position of the end concrete 9, and as shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b), both edges of the iron plate 11a of the iron 11 are connected to each other. If the upper surface of the shoulder portion 6 that is parallel between the adjacent block bodies 2 is locked, abutted and slid, the surface of the end-piece concrete 9 by the trowel finish is connected to the shoulder portion 6 as shown in FIG. It can be finished easily, quickly and beautifully in almost the same plane. In addition to the above, even when the iron plate 11a is small, as shown in FIG. 6 (c), the iron plate 11a is locked and brought into contact with the upper surface of one shoulder portion 6 which makes one edge of the iron plate 11a parallel. After sliding, the other side of the iron plate 11a is engaged with the upper surface of the other shoulder 6 and the iron 11 is slid by sliding the iron 11 to obtain the same effect as described above. It is done.
[0016]
Further, the revetment surface constructed by laying a large number of large blocks 1 of the present embodiment on the slope G is divided into the ribs 4 of each large block 1 and the vertical direction of the revetment surface. Since the barrier extends perpendicularly to the flowing water of the river and has a height different from that of the surface portion 2b, it has a large surface roughness coefficient comparable to that of a conventional block for a seawall. In addition, the rib 4 exerts a reinforcing effect against the compressive force caused by the weight of the large block 1 from the vertical direction, improves the pressure resistance of the entire revetment surface, and divides the concave portion 3 having a large area into the left and right. In addition, it is difficult to collect rainwater, earth and sand, dust, etc. in the divided recess 3, and the amount of ice and snow in the recess 3 is reduced so that even if they slide down during melting, the amount and shape Therefore, a safe revetment surface is constructed with almost no risk of damaging the revetment surface or people in the vicinity.
[0017]
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a large block for revetment according to the present invention, wherein the rib 4 of the large block 1 shown in FIG. 1 is provided with a drain hole 5 penetrating the block body 2, and the others are shown in FIG. Since it is the same as that of the large block 1, the description thereof is omitted.
As shown in FIG. 2 (a), the drain hole 5 is formed in the lower part of the rib 4, that is, from within the part where the rib 4 is located on the lower inner wall 3c forming the recess 3, as shown in FIG. As shown, the block body 2 is provided so as to penetrate obliquely upward in the thickness direction and open on the back surface side.
[0018]
In the large block 1 of the present embodiment, for example, when laid on the slope G as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), as shown in FIG. Water W such as osmotic water or water content of (slope G) is drained directly to the surface side of the rib 4 of the block body 2, that is, the lower side of the block body 2 and close to the surface side through the drain hole 5, For example, the drainage efficiency is much better than that draining into the recess 3 that is recessed from the surface. Moreover, since the drain hole 5 is provided in the part thicker than the recessed part 3 by the rib 4, the drain hole 5 does not impair the strength of the block main body 2.
When laying the large block 1 having the drain hole 5, the filter material F is disposed on the slope G in contact with the back side opening of the drain hole 5 as shown in FIGS. In this case, suitable drainage treatment can be performed without requiring a drain pipe.
[0019]
FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention that does not have a drainage hole for a large block for revetment. The vertical length of the large block 1 shown in FIG. Without providing the recessed groove 2f, the side wall 2d is provided with a locking recess 2h having a circular shape when viewed from the side (as with the recessed groove 2f, for carrying the large block 1a, for locking the hanging tool when laying, and for end-to-end concrete) 9 and the block main body 2 are firmly connected), and the others are the same as those of the large block 1 in FIG. Incidentally, a large block 1a of this embodiment, since the shorter the longitudinal length as described above, also fastening reinforcing bars 7 that are Haisuji in the block body 2 as shown in FIG. 14, large blocks its shape of FIG. 1 Different from that used for 1.
In addition, the configuration in which the locking recess 2h is provided in the side wall 2d can also be adopted in the side wall 2d of the large block 1 (including one having a drain hole 5) as shown in FIG. In this embodiment, it is provided with the concave groove 2f. Moreover, the concave shape is free and can be appropriately changed including the size thereof, such as a side view square, a polygon, and an ellipse.
[0020]
In the large block 1a of the present embodiment, since the vertical length is shortened, the area of the recess 3 is also reduced, and the rib 4 is divided into left and right, so that, for example, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. Exhibiting appearance, forming part or the whole of the revetment surface, increasing its surface roughness coefficient, reducing the amount of deposits in the recesses 3, etc., and excellent as well as the revetment surface constructed by the large block 1 It has the advantage of exhibiting hydraulic properties, safety and hydrophilicity.
The large block 1a in FIG. 4 is used for adjusting the legal length of the revetment surface by the large block 1. A large block 1a shown in FIG. 7 is laid on the entire revetment surface together with a rib 4 provided with a drain hole 5 (which constitutes another embodiment of the large block for revetment of the present invention) , and a block body 2 The fastening end 7a of the fastening reinforcing bar 7 protrudes from a substantially central portion in the length direction of the upper and lower side walls 2d so that the block main bodies 2 adjacent to each other arranged in a brick stack can be connected to each other. Has been made . In addition, 1b in FIG. 4 shows the vertically long large block without a rib.
[0021]
In each of the above-described embodiments, the shape of the block main body 2 is a corner-cut square, but is not limited to this. For example, a square, a rounded corner, a polygon, a circle, etc. Also good. Further, the block main body 2 may have a flat back surface to form a tension block as in the above embodiments, or a protrusion or anchor projecting to increase the integration with the slope. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 12 (a), for example, as shown in FIG. Further, the side wall 2d of the block body 2, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, to the convex portion 2e and the groove 2f may be provided continuously to the hand-shaped respectively a plan view hooks, 10 and 11 As shown, the groove 2f may not be provided. Furthermore, the convex part 2e protrudingly provided on the side wall 2d may be continuous in the length direction of the side wall 2d stepwise as shown in FIG. 10 , for example.
[0022]
Further, in each of the above embodiments, the convex portion 2e is provided on the side wall 2d of the block main body 2, and the convex portions 2e are brought into contact with each other at the time of laying, so that the concrete 9 is filled between the adjacent block main bodies 2. The end space 10 is formed, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 8 , the side wall 2d of the block main body 2 is provided with the convex portion 2e and the concave groove 2f connected to each other in the shape of a hand in a plan view as described above, and the length in the concave groove 2f. As shown in FIG. 9, when the packing material 20 is attached in the direction and laid on the slope G with a brick-stacked or grid-stacked arrangement, the side walls 2d of the block main bodies 2 such as the large blocks 1 adjacent to each other are arranged. with fitting the convex portion 2e and the groove 2f provided together, as shown in FIG. 9 (c), crimp the packing material 20 in the groove 2f by the convex portions 2e, protrusions 2e and groove 2f It is also possible to sandwich all the joints in a watertight state.
In this case, in order to ensure the integrity and watertightness between the blocks by fitting the concave and convex portions between the concave groove 2f and the convex portion 2e through which the packing material 20 is interposed, A strong revetment surface can be constructed without using any auxiliary materials such as the tool 26 and the end-to-end concrete 9, and at the same time, there is a beneficial effect that contributes to speeding up construction and cost reduction.
[0023]
In addition, in each of the above embodiments, the recess 3 is provided with the surface portion 2b left in a frame shape between the edge 2a of the block body 2 over the entire periphery of the edge 3a. Without being limited, the surface portion 2b may be left in a part of the periphery of the edge portion 3a of the recess 3, or directly from the edge portion 2a of the block body 2 without providing the surface portion 2b. May be provided. Further, the edge 3 a of the recess 3 does not necessarily have to follow the edge 2 a of the block body 2, and may have an appropriate shape so that deposits are not easily generated in the recess 3 as much as possible .
[0024]
The ribs 4 may be provided as a single unit or a plurality of projections as appropriate, and the protruding position may be any position of the recess 3 as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 . 10 may be provided so as to protrude from the upper end to the lower end of the edge 3a of the recess 3, that is, over the entire length between the upper inner wall 3b and the lower inner wall 3c that form the recess 3 relative to each other. You may reach the surface part 2b of the block main body 2 beyond 3a. Further, the rib 4 only needs to be configured so as to divide the concave portion 3 into right and left, and in addition to being provided in a vertical shape in plan view as shown in each of the above embodiments, it is provided in an oblique shape, a bent shape, or an appropriately curved shape. Alternatively, the width and the protruding interval may be substantially uniform over the length direction, or may be appropriately different.
[0025]
For example, in FIG. 12 (a) and each large block 1 forming a stacked block shown in (b), in the case of FIG. 12 (b) is 2 3 ribs 4 are recesses 3 of the vertical shape to the left and right like In the case of FIG. 12 (b), three oblique ribs 4 are provided in parallel to divide the recess 3 into four equal parts to the left and right. It is arranged to obtain a high surface roughness coefficient.
Further, the surface of the rib 4 is made flat, and as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 , for example, as shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. It may be a shape.
[0026]
As shown in FIG. 2, it is effective that the drain hole 5 is provided from the lower portion of the rib 4, that is, from the portion where the rib 4 is located on the lower inner wall 3 c forming the concave portion 3 toward the back surface side. It is preferable that it can be drained. Further, the cross-sectional shape of the flowing water may be an appropriate shape such as a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, or a polygon, and may be penetrated to the back side of the block body 2.
[0027]
Further, the shape of the fastening reinforcing bar 7 arranged in the block main body 2 is not limited to that in the above embodiments, and the shape of the fastening end portion 7a protruding from the corner side wall 2c or the side wall 2d forming the outer peripheral wall is also appropriate. Any shape is acceptable. Further, the fastening end portion 7a may be separated from the fastening reinforcing bar 7 and may be provided separately, or only the separated fastening end portion 7a may be provided so as to project the block main body 2 in a straight line shape. However, the fastening end portion 7 a may be used for reinforcing the block body 2 without protruding from the block body 2.
That is, the shape of the block main body 2, the concave portion 3, the rib 4, the drainage hole 5, the fastening reinforcing bar 7 and the fastening end portion 7 a, the number of the ribs 4, etc. are not limited to those of the above embodiment, The design can be changed as appropriate within the intended scope of the invention .
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, the large block for revetment of the present invention is provided with a concave portion on the surface of the block-shaped block main body, leaving a surface portion between the edge portion, and the concave portion is divided into left and right. The power rib is formed so as to protrude at least one or more across the upper and lower inner walls, each of which has an inclined surface that forms a recess, and the protrusion height is lower or higher than the edge of the recess. The ribs that subdivide the recesses can increase the roughness coefficient of the surface, effectively mitigate the flow velocity of the river and attenuate the water flow, and are useful for flood control and ecosystem conservation, and laid on the slope In this case, the rib exerts a reinforcing effect against the compressive force from the vertical direction due to the weight of the blocks adjacent to each other, and the pressure resistance can be improved.
In addition, since the concave portion having a large area is divided into right and left by the ribs, rainwater, earth and sand, dust, etc. are not easily accumulated in the divided concave portion, and the slope can be easily maintained and snow is accumulated in the concave portion. The amount of freezing can be reduced, and even if these slide down during melting, the amount and shape are small, so there is almost no risk of damaging the revetment surface or nearby people, ensuring hydrophilicity and safety. .
[0029]
Moreover, since the large block for revetment of the present invention is provided with a drain hole that penetrates the block main body from the portion located on the lower inner wall of the recess at the lower part of the rib to the back side in the thickness direction, When draining water such as osmotic water or water content of the back soil, it can be drained directly from the back side of the block body to the surface side of the rib, that is, as much as possible and to the surface side of the block body, and drainage efficiency can be improved. . Further, since the drain hole is provided in the portion formed thicker than the concave portion by the rib, the strength of the block main body is not impaired by the drain hole .
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a large block for revetment according to the present invention that is not provided with a drain hole , where (A) is a front view, (B) is a plan view, and (C) is an AA of (B). Sectional drawing, (d) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of (b), (e) is an enlarged view of a part C of (c), and (f) is an enlarged view showing another example of the part C.
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a large block for revetment according to the present invention, in which (A) is a plan view, (B) is a sectional view taken along DD of (A), and (C) is another side wall configuration. FIG.
FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the large block for revetment according to the present invention which is not provided with a drain hole , (A) is a front view, (B) is a plan view, (C) is a side view, and (D) is a side view. (B) EE sectional drawing, (E) is FF sectional drawing of (B).
FIG. 4 shows an example of a revetment surface formed by a large block for revetment according to the present invention, wherein the upper left of (a) is an unfolded view when empty, the lower right is a unfolded view when laden, ) Is a cross-sectional view taken along the line GG of (a), (c) is an enlarged view of a portion of (b), and (d) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of line H-H of (a).
[5] (a) is b enlarged view of FIG. 4 at block coupling using (i), (ii) the Y-Y cross-sectional view of (b).
6A is an enlarged view of a T portion of FIG. 4A, FIG. 6B is a sectional view taken along the line gg of FIG. 4A, and FIG.
FIG. 7 shows another example of a revetment surface formed by the large revetment block according to the present invention, wherein the upper left of (a) is a development view when empty, and the remainder is a development view when kneading. (B) is an II cross-sectional view of (a) .
FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the large revetment block according to the present invention which is not provided with a drain hole , (A) is a front view, (B) is a plan view, and (C) is a U-U of (B). Sectional drawing, (d) is a ZZ sectional view of (b).
9 shows an example of a revetment surface formed by the large revetment block shown in FIG . 8 , (A) is a developed view, (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along line hh of (A), and (C) is (I). I-i expanded sectional view of FIG.
FIGS. 10A and 10B show another embodiment of the revetment large block according to the present invention which is not provided with a drain hole . FIG. 10A is a front view, FIG. 10B is a plan view, and FIG. Sectional drawing, (d) is a KK sectional view of (b).
FIGS. 11A and 11B show another embodiment of the revetment large block according to the present invention which is not provided with a drain hole . FIG. 11A is a front view, FIG. 11B is a plan view, and FIG. Sectional drawing, (d) is an MM sectional view of (b).
FIGS. 12A and 12B show another embodiment of the large revetment block according to the present invention that does not have a drain hole, FIG. 12A is a perspective view, and FIG. 12B is a front view.
FIG. 13 is a plan view showing an example of a reinforcing bar for fastening of a large block for revetment according to the present invention .
FIG. 14 is a plan view showing another example of a reinforcing bar for fastening a large revetment block according to the present invention .
[Explanation of symbols]
1, 1a, 1 b the large block 2 block body 2a edges 2b surface portion 2c corner sidewall 3 recesses 3b the upper inner wall 3c lower inner wall 4 ribs 5 drain hole 6 shoulders 7 fastening reinforcing bars 7a fastening end
1 0 Joint space 20 Packing material 26 Block connector

Claims

A concave portion (3) is provided on the surface of the block-shaped block main body (2), leaving the surface portion (2b) between the edge portion (2a), and the concave portion (3) is divided into left and right. The power rib (4) protrudes at least one or more over the inclined upper surface inner wall (3b) and the lower inner wall (3c) that form the recess (3) relative to each other. ) Of the block body (2) in the thickness direction from the portion located on the lower inner wall (3c) of the recess (3) at the lower part of the rib (4). A large block for revetment characterized by providing a drain hole (5) penetrating to the back side .