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JP3719159B2 - Refrigeration equipment - Google Patents
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JP3719159B2 - Refrigeration equipment - Google Patents

Refrigeration equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3719159B2
JP3719159B2 JP2001134057A JP2001134057A JP3719159B2 JP 3719159 B2 JP3719159 B2 JP 3719159B2 JP 2001134057 A JP2001134057 A JP 2001134057A JP 2001134057 A JP2001134057 A JP 2001134057A JP 3719159 B2 JP3719159 B2 JP 3719159B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
compressor
evaporator
temperature
refrigeration apparatus
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2001134057A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2002327964A (en
Inventor
滋人 田中
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Daikin Industries Ltd filed Critical Daikin Industries Ltd
Priority to JP2001134057A priority Critical patent/JP3719159B2/en
Priority to US10/332,769 priority patent/US6779355B2/en
Priority to PCT/JP2002/004343 priority patent/WO2002090843A1/en
Priority to CNB028012860A priority patent/CN1246652C/en
Publication of JP2002327964A publication Critical patent/JP2002327964A/en
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Publication of JP3719159B2 publication Critical patent/JP3719159B2/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F25B41/22Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves between evaporator and compressor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00Component parts or details not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • F25B2400/04Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F25B2400/0403Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for condensers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/28Means for preventing liquid refrigerant entering into the compressor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00Control issues
    • F25B2600/02Compressor control
    • F25B2600/025Compressor control by controlling speed
    • F25B2600/0251Compressor control by controlling speed with on-off operation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00Control issues
    • F25B2600/02Compressor control
    • F25B2600/027Compressor control by controlling pressure
    • F25B2600/0272Compressor control by controlling pressure the suction pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19Pressures
    • F25B2700/193Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1931Discharge pressures
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2104Temperatures of an indoor room or compartment
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21152Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the discharge side of the compressor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21155Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor of the oil
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、冷凍装置、特に冷凍運転とチルド運転とが可能な冷凍装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
コンテナなどに用いられる冷凍装置は、冷凍運転だけでなく摂氏零度より高温のいわゆるチルド運転が可能であるものがある。
この種の冷凍装置では、十分な冷凍能力により冷凍運転を行うために圧縮機として大きな能力が必要とされる。一方、チルド運転時には、外気と庫内の温度差が小さくなるために、圧縮機の能力としては冷凍運転時ほどは要求されない。そこで、チルド運転時には、圧縮機の運転を止めて冷凍装置の能力を抑えることが行われている。
【0003】
しかし、この方法によりチルド運転時の冷凍装置の能力を抑える場合、庫内の温度制御を行うために圧縮機の運転・停止を頻繁に行うことになり、その結果として圧縮機の寿命を短くする要因となる。また、圧縮機の運転・停止による温度制御では、温度制御の誤差が大きくなるため、定温維持を求められる冷凍装置には好ましくない。
【0004】
このため、できるだけ圧縮機を連続運転しながら冷凍装置の冷凍能力を抑えることが望ましい。よって、以下の手段を用いることがある。すなわち、冷媒回路において圧縮機の吸入側に吸入比例弁を設置し、この吸入比例弁を閉じることにより圧縮機への冷媒供給量を抑える。すると、圧縮機における冷媒量が減少し、冷凍装置の冷凍能力が低下する。これにより、冷凍装置の冷凍能力を抑えながら圧縮機の連続運転を行うことができる。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、従来の冷凍装置の膨張弁には感温膨張弁が用いられている。感温膨張弁は、蒸発器出口付近に感温筒を備えており、蒸発器の出口付近の冷媒温度が過熱気味になるように作動する。このため、蒸発器内部において入口付近と出口付近との温度が異なる。この理由は、感温膨張弁が出口付近における冷媒を加熱蒸気の状態とするが、一方、入口付近における冷媒は湿り飽和蒸気の状態になるためである。よって、膨張弁として感温膨張弁を用いると、蒸発器内部に温度分布が生じることになる。
【0006】
このような状況において、チルド運転時は、前述のように、冷凍能力を抑えているため、蒸発器における温度分布の庫内への寄与度が大きくなる。このため、蒸発器に温度分布が生じていると、庫内温度分布が不均一になりやすい。
本発明の課題は、冷凍装置の冷凍能力を抑える際に庫内の温度を安定に維持する冷凍装置を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1に記載の冷凍装置は、冷媒回路と制御手段と指示手段とを備えている。冷媒回路は、圧縮機と凝縮器と電子膨張弁と蒸発器と吸入比例弁とが順次接続されている。制御手段は冷媒回路の能力制御を行う。指示手段は制御手段に指示を行う。さらに、制御手段は、指示手段からの冷媒回路の能力を抑える指示を受けると、蒸発器の吐出側における冷媒の状態を湿り飽和蒸気の状態とするように吸入比例弁および電子膨張弁の少なくとも吸入比例弁の開度を調節し、さらに蒸発器の内部全体における冷媒の状態を湿り飽和蒸気の状態とするように電子膨張弁の開度を設定する。
【0008】
この冷凍装置では、チルド運転を行う際には、制御手段により吸入比例弁および電子膨張弁の少なくとも吸入比例弁の開度が調節される(なお、このとき、吸入比例弁は絞られる)。すると、蒸発器の出口側に湿り飽和状態の冷媒が溜められる。これにより、冷媒回路を循環する冷媒量が減少するため、冷凍装置の冷凍能力が抑制され、チルド運転が可能となる。
【0009】
さらに、冷媒の状態が湿り飽和蒸気の状態になるように電子膨張弁の開度を設定することにより、蒸発器内全体に湿り飽和状態の冷媒を充満させることができる。蒸発器の内部は等圧であるため、湿り飽和状態の冷媒は一定温度である。これにより、冷凍能力を抑えて冷凍運転を行っているときにおける蒸発器の温度が均一になり、温度ムラが生じにくくなる。よって、庫内温度を安定に維持することができる。
【0010】
なお、膨張弁として従来のように感温膨張弁を用いた場合、この膨張弁は蒸発器の出口付近が加熱蒸気の状態になるように調節されるために、蒸発器内部の温度分布が不均一になる。しかし、本発明では電子膨張弁が用いられているため、蒸発器内を湿り飽和状態にすることができ、蒸発器内部の温度分布を均一にできる。
【0011】
請求項2に記載の冷凍装置は、請求項1に記載の冷凍装置であって、圧縮機の損傷を防ぐ保護手段をさらに備える。
冷凍能力を抑えて運転を行うと、圧縮機に損傷が生じる場合がある。例えば、非圧縮である液体の冷媒が流入すると、圧縮時に高圧が生じて破損する可能性がある。さらに、液体の冷媒により潤滑油が圧縮機外へ運ばれるために、圧縮機内の潤滑油の量が減少して、圧縮機の焼き付きが生じやすくなる。
ここでは、冷凍装置に保護手段が備えられているため、様々な損傷を防ぐことができる。
【0012】
請求項3に記載の冷凍装置は、請求項2に記載の冷凍装置である。保護手段は圧縮機の吐出側に冷媒の圧力及び温度を検知するセンサを有しており、センサの検知結果から圧縮機の吸入口における冷媒の圧力及び温度を推測する。
【0013】
ここでは、保護手段として、圧縮機の吐出側における冷媒の温度及び圧力を検知するセンサが設けられている。そして、このセンサの検知結果から圧縮機の吸入口における冷媒の圧力及び温度が推測される。この推測結果を利用して、例えば、電子膨張弁及び吸入比例弁を調整し、圧縮機の吸入口における冷媒の状態が液体の状態になることを防ぐ。これにより、圧縮機の損傷を防ぐ。
【0014】
請求項4に記載の冷凍装置は、請求項2に記載の冷凍装置であって、保護手段は圧縮機の油温を検知する油温センサを有しており、油温センサの検知結果から圧縮機の吸入口における冷媒の湿り度を推測する。
ここでは、保護手段としての油温センサの検知結果から圧縮機の吸入口における冷媒の湿り度が推測される。この推測結果を利用して、前記同様に、例えば、電子膨張弁及び吸入比例弁を調整し、圧縮機の吸入口における冷媒の状態が液体の状態になることを防ぐ。これにより、圧縮機の損傷を防ぐ。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
<全体の構成>
本発明に係る冷凍装置の模式図を図1に示す。
本発明に係る冷凍装置は、冷媒回路1を有し、さらに図2に示すように、制御部2と、入力部3と、庫内温度センサ4とを備えている。
【0016】
冷媒回路1は、圧縮機10、凝縮器11、電子膨張弁13、蒸発器17、及び吸入比例弁21からなり、配管により順次接続されている。
圧縮機10は気体状態の冷媒の圧縮を行うものであり、この圧縮機10には、その内部に油温センサ5が設けられ、その吐出側に圧力温度センサ6が設けられている。油温センサ5は、圧縮機10の潤滑油の油温を検知するセンサである。
【0017】
凝縮器11は、冷媒から熱を奪い、その奪った熱を放熱するものであり、圧縮機10の吐出側に三方切換弁12を介して接続されている。
また、電子膨張弁13は、通過する冷媒を膨張させて冷媒の圧力及び温度を低下させるものであり、凝縮器11の出口側に設けられている。なお、凝縮器11と電子膨張弁13との間には、レシーバ14、補助熱交換器15、開閉弁16等が設けられている。
【0018】
蒸発器17は、冷凍装置内部からの熱を吸熱して冷媒に熱を与えるものであり、電子膨張弁13の出口側に設けられている。この蒸発器17と電子膨張弁13との間には分流器18が設けられている。なお、蒸発器17は、メイン蒸発器17aとサブ蒸発器17bとからなり、サブ蒸発器17bは電子膨張弁13と凝縮器11との間に設けられている。
【0019】
なお、圧縮機10の吐出側と蒸発器17との間にはバイパス回路19が設けられており、このバイパス回路19にはバイパス弁20が設けられている。
吸入比例弁21は、冷媒の循環量を調節するものであり、圧縮機10の吸入側に設けられている。
図2に冷凍装置の制御ブロック図を示す。
【0020】
冷凍装置は、マイクロコンピュータである制御部2を有しており、これにより、制御手段30と保護手段31とが構成されている。制御手段30は冷凍装置の制御を行うものであり、保護手段31は圧縮機10の損傷を避けるための保護を行うものである。そして、制御手段30には、冷凍装置の庫内の温度設定などを行う入力部3と、庫内の温度を検知する庫内温度センサ4と、油温センサ5と、圧力温度センサ6とが接続されている。また、制御手段30には、圧縮機10と、電子膨張弁13と、吸入比例弁21とに接続されている。
【0021】
<動作>
冷凍装置は、制御手段30により庫内温度の制御が行われる。まず、冷凍装置の冷却について示す。
(冷凍運転)
冷凍装置は、冷媒回路1に冷媒が循環することにより庫内の熱を奪い外部へ放出するものである。冷媒回路1における冷媒の循環について以下で示す。
【0022】
まず冷媒は、蒸発器17により庫内の熱を吸熱する。吸熱した冷媒は、吸入比例弁21を経て圧縮機10に導かれる。圧縮機10において冷媒は高温高圧の気体に圧縮されて凝縮器11へ送られる。冷媒は、凝縮器11において外部へ熱を放熱し、温度を下げられる。これにより、冷媒は、蒸発器17で吸熱した熱を凝縮器11で放熱したことになる。さらに冷媒は、凝縮器11から電子膨張弁13に送られて膨張され、蒸発器17に戻される。
【0023】
制御手段30は、圧縮機10、電子膨張弁13、及び吸入比例弁21を制御することにより、冷媒回路1における冷媒の循環量などを制御して庫内温度の制御を行う。冷凍運転を行う場合には、冷媒の循環量を多くして庫内が入力部3における設定温度になるよう庫内の熱を外部へ廃熱する。
【0024】
(チルド運転)
一方、チルド運転を行う場合には、庫内の温度を摂氏零度より高温にするため、冷凍装置の冷凍能力を抑えて運転を行う。以下で冷凍能力を抑える手段を示す。
冷凍能力を抑えるためには、まず吸入比例弁21を絞る。これにより、冷媒を吸入比例弁21までの配管などに湿り飽和状態で溜めることが可能となり、冷媒回路1を循環する冷媒の量が抑えられる。さらに、この状態で、電子膨張弁13を開けて調節することにより、蒸発器17の出口においても冷媒が湿り飽和状態になる。これにより、蒸発器17の出口から吸入比例弁21までの配管に冷媒を湿り飽和状態で溜めることができるため、冷媒回路1を循環する冷媒の量を十分に減少させることができる。このため、冷凍能力が抑えられてチルド運転が可能となる。
【0025】
また、電子膨張弁13をさらに開けることにより、蒸発器17の内部全体に湿り飽和状態の冷媒を溜めることができる。このとき、蒸発器17の内部における冷媒の圧力は一定であるため、蒸発器17に溜められている湿り飽和状態の冷媒の温度は一定になる。冷媒の温度が一定になるため、蒸発器における庫内からの吸熱が均一になる。よって、庫内における温度ムラが抑えられる。
【0026】
(チルド運転時における圧縮機の保護)
冷凍運転を行っているときの圧縮機の吸入口における冷媒の状態は、加熱蒸気になっている。
しかし、冷凍能力を抑えてチルド運転を行うと、圧縮機の吸入口における冷媒の状態が湿り飽和状態になることがある。湿り飽和状態の冷媒は、液体状態の冷媒を含む。液体は気体と異なり非圧縮であるため、圧縮機10が冷媒を圧縮する際に液体状態の冷媒が多いと、圧縮機10の内部に耐圧以上の高圧が生じて損傷が生じるおそれがある。さらに、液体状態の冷媒が圧縮機10の潤滑油を外部へ運ぶこともある。このことが原因で、潤滑油の量が減少して、圧縮機10が焼き付きをおこす可能性がある。
【0027】
よって、制御手段30により圧縮機10の吸入口における冷媒の状態が加熱蒸気になるように電子膨張弁13と吸入比例弁21とを制御する必要がある。したがって、圧縮機10の吸入口における冷媒の状態を知る必要があるが、この圧縮機10の吸入口における冷媒の状態は、冷媒の圧力と温度とから知ることができる。
【0028】
しかし、冷媒の循環量が少ないため、圧縮機10の吸入口における圧力が非常に低く、通常の圧力センサでは不正確となり、状態が不明確になる。
そこで、保護手段31により、油温センサ5及び圧力温度センサ6の検知結果から圧縮機10の吸入口における圧力及び温度を推測する。圧力温度センサ6により圧縮機吐出側における冷媒の加熱度が明らかになる。この加熱度により、圧縮機10の吸入口における冷媒の湿り度を知ることができる。さらに、油温センサ5の結果により、冷媒の湿り度が推測できるため、より正確な判断が可能である。これらにより、制御手段30により圧縮機10の損傷を避けるように冷凍能力の制御を行うことができる。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
請求項1に記載の冷凍装置では、冷凍能力を抑えて冷凍運転を行っているときにおける蒸発器の温度が均一になり、温度ムラが生じにくくなる。
請求項2に記載の冷凍装置では、冷凍装置に保護手段が備えられているため、様々な損傷を防ぐことができる。
【0030】
請求項3に記載の冷凍装置では、センサの検知結果から圧縮機の吸入口における冷媒の圧力及び温度が推測されるため、保護手段により圧縮機の吸入口における冷媒の状態が液体の状態になることを防ぐことができる。
請求項4に記載の冷凍装置では、油温センサの検知結果から圧縮機の吸入口における冷媒の湿り度が推測されるため、保護手段により圧縮機の吸入口における冷媒の状態が液体の状態になることを防ぐことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 実施形態に係る冷凍装置の模式図。
【図2】 実施形態に係る冷凍装置の制御ブロック図。
【符号の説明】
1 冷媒回路
2 制御部
5 油温センサ
6 圧力温度センサ
10 圧縮機
11 凝縮器
13 電子膨張弁
17 蒸発器
21 吸入比例弁
30 制御手段
31 保護手段
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a refrigeration apparatus, and more particularly to a refrigeration apparatus that can perform a refrigeration operation and a chilled operation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Some refrigeration apparatuses used for containers and the like can perform not only refrigeration operation but also so-called chilled operation at a temperature higher than zero degrees Celsius.
This type of refrigeration apparatus requires a large capacity as a compressor in order to perform a refrigeration operation with a sufficient refrigeration capacity. On the other hand, since the temperature difference between the outside air and the interior is reduced during chilled operation, the capacity of the compressor is not as required as during refrigeration operation. Therefore, during chilled operation, the compressor is stopped to reduce the capacity of the refrigeration apparatus.
[0003]
However, when the capacity of the refrigeration system during chilled operation is suppressed by this method, the compressor is frequently operated and stopped to control the temperature in the warehouse, and as a result, the life of the compressor is shortened. It becomes a factor. Further, the temperature control by operating / stopping the compressor increases the temperature control error, which is not preferable for a refrigeration apparatus that requires constant temperature maintenance.
[0004]
For this reason, it is desirable to suppress the refrigerating capacity of the refrigerating apparatus while continuously operating the compressor as much as possible. Therefore, the following means may be used. That is, a suction proportional valve is provided on the suction side of the compressor in the refrigerant circuit, and the suction proportional valve is closed to suppress the amount of refrigerant supplied to the compressor. Then, the amount of refrigerant in the compressor decreases, and the refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration apparatus decreases. Thereby, the continuous operation of the compressor can be performed while suppressing the refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration apparatus.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, a temperature-sensitive expansion valve is used as an expansion valve of a conventional refrigeration apparatus. The temperature-sensitive expansion valve includes a temperature-sensitive cylinder near the outlet of the evaporator and operates so that the refrigerant temperature near the outlet of the evaporator becomes superheated. For this reason, the temperatures near the inlet and the outlet are different inside the evaporator. This is because the temperature-sensing expansion valve causes the refrigerant in the vicinity of the outlet to be in the state of heated steam, whereas the refrigerant in the vicinity of the inlet is in the state of wet saturated steam. Therefore, when a temperature-sensitive expansion valve is used as the expansion valve, a temperature distribution is generated inside the evaporator.
[0006]
In such a situation, during the chilled operation, as described above, since the refrigerating capacity is suppressed, the contribution of the temperature distribution in the evaporator to the interior increases. For this reason, if a temperature distribution is generated in the evaporator, the temperature distribution in the cabinet tends to be non-uniform.
The subject of this invention is providing the refrigeration apparatus which maintains the temperature in a warehouse stably, when suppressing the refrigerating capacity of a refrigeration apparatus.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The refrigeration apparatus according to claim 1 includes a refrigerant circuit, a control unit, and an instruction unit. In the refrigerant circuit, a compressor, a condenser, an electronic expansion valve, an evaporator, and a suction proportional valve are sequentially connected. The control means controls the capacity of the refrigerant circuit. The instruction unit instructs the control unit. Further, when the control means receives an instruction to suppress the capacity of the refrigerant circuit from the instruction means , at least suction of the suction proportional valve and the electronic expansion valve so that the state of the refrigerant on the discharge side of the evaporator becomes a wet saturated steam state. The opening degree of the proportional valve is adjusted, and further, the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve is set so that the state of the refrigerant in the entire interior of the evaporator becomes a wet saturated steam state.
[0008]
In this refrigeration apparatus, when performing the chilled operation, the opening of at least the suction proportional valve of the suction proportional valve and the electronic expansion valve is adjusted by the control means (at this time, the suction proportional valve is throttled) . Then, the wet saturated refrigerant is stored on the outlet side of the evaporator. As a result, the amount of refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit is reduced, so that the refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration apparatus is suppressed and chilled operation is possible.
[0009]
Furthermore, by setting the opening of the electronic expansion valve so that the refrigerant is in the state of wet saturated vapor, the entire evaporator can be filled with the wet saturated refrigerant. Since the inside of the evaporator is isobaric, the wet-saturated refrigerant has a constant temperature. Thereby, the temperature of the evaporator becomes uniform during the refrigeration operation while suppressing the refrigeration capacity, and temperature unevenness is less likely to occur. Therefore, the internal temperature can be maintained stably.
[0010]
When a temperature-sensitive expansion valve is used as an expansion valve as in the prior art, the expansion valve is adjusted so that the vicinity of the outlet of the evaporator is in a heated steam state, so that the temperature distribution inside the evaporator is not good. It becomes uniform. However, since an electronic expansion valve is used in the present invention, the inside of the evaporator can be wet and saturated, and the temperature distribution inside the evaporator can be made uniform.
[0011]
A refrigeration apparatus according to a second aspect is the refrigeration apparatus according to the first aspect, further comprising protection means for preventing damage to the compressor.
When the operation is performed while the refrigerating capacity is suppressed, the compressor may be damaged. For example, when a non-compressed liquid refrigerant flows in, there is a possibility that a high pressure will occur during compression and breakage. Further, since the lubricating oil is carried out of the compressor by the liquid refrigerant, the amount of the lubricating oil in the compressor is reduced, and the compressor tends to be seized.
Here, since the refrigeration apparatus is provided with protection means, various damages can be prevented.
[0012]
The refrigeration apparatus according to claim 3 is the refrigeration apparatus according to claim 2. The protection means has a sensor that detects the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant on the discharge side of the compressor, and estimates the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant at the suction port of the compressor from the detection result of the sensor.
[0013]
Here, a sensor for detecting the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant on the discharge side of the compressor is provided as a protection means. And the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant | coolant in the inlet of a compressor are estimated from the detection result of this sensor. Using this estimation result, for example, the electronic expansion valve and the suction proportional valve are adjusted to prevent the refrigerant at the suction port of the compressor from becoming a liquid state. This prevents damage to the compressor.
[0014]
The refrigeration apparatus according to claim 4 is the refrigeration apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the protection means includes an oil temperature sensor that detects the oil temperature of the compressor, and the compression is performed based on the detection result of the oil temperature sensor. Estimate the wetness of the refrigerant at the inlet of the machine.
Here, the wetness of the refrigerant at the suction port of the compressor is estimated from the detection result of the oil temperature sensor as the protection means. By using this estimation result, for example, the electronic expansion valve and the suction proportional valve are adjusted in the same manner as described above to prevent the refrigerant from entering the liquid state at the suction port of the compressor. This prevents damage to the compressor.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
<Overall configuration>
A schematic diagram of a refrigeration apparatus according to the present invention is shown in FIG.
The refrigeration apparatus according to the present invention includes a refrigerant circuit 1 and further includes a control unit 2, an input unit 3, and an internal temperature sensor 4 as shown in FIG.
[0016]
The refrigerant circuit 1 includes a compressor 10, a condenser 11, an electronic expansion valve 13, an evaporator 17, and a suction proportional valve 21, which are sequentially connected by piping.
The compressor 10 compresses a refrigerant in a gaseous state, and the compressor 10 is provided with an oil temperature sensor 5 therein and a pressure temperature sensor 6 on the discharge side thereof. The oil temperature sensor 5 is a sensor that detects the oil temperature of the lubricating oil of the compressor 10.
[0017]
The condenser 11 takes heat from the refrigerant and dissipates the taken heat, and is connected to the discharge side of the compressor 10 via a three-way switching valve 12.
The electronic expansion valve 13 expands the refrigerant that passes therethrough and lowers the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant, and is provided on the outlet side of the condenser 11. A receiver 14, an auxiliary heat exchanger 15, an on-off valve 16 and the like are provided between the condenser 11 and the electronic expansion valve 13.
[0018]
The evaporator 17 absorbs heat from the inside of the refrigeration apparatus and gives heat to the refrigerant, and is provided on the outlet side of the electronic expansion valve 13. A flow divider 18 is provided between the evaporator 17 and the electronic expansion valve 13. The evaporator 17 includes a main evaporator 17a and a sub-evaporator 17b. The sub-evaporator 17b is provided between the electronic expansion valve 13 and the condenser 11.
[0019]
A bypass circuit 19 is provided between the discharge side of the compressor 10 and the evaporator 17, and a bypass valve 20 is provided in the bypass circuit 19.
The suction proportional valve 21 adjusts the circulation amount of the refrigerant and is provided on the suction side of the compressor 10.
FIG. 2 shows a control block diagram of the refrigeration apparatus.
[0020]
The refrigeration apparatus includes a control unit 2 that is a microcomputer, and thereby, a control unit 30 and a protection unit 31 are configured. The control means 30 controls the refrigeration apparatus, and the protection means 31 performs protection for avoiding damage to the compressor 10. The control means 30 includes an input unit 3 for setting the temperature in the refrigerator of the refrigeration apparatus, an internal temperature sensor 4 for detecting the internal temperature, an oil temperature sensor 5 and a pressure temperature sensor 6. It is connected. The control means 30 is connected to the compressor 10, the electronic expansion valve 13, and the suction proportional valve 21.
[0021]
<Operation>
In the refrigeration apparatus, the internal temperature is controlled by the control means 30. First, cooling of the refrigeration apparatus will be described.
(Freezing operation)
The refrigeration apparatus takes heat inside the cabinet and discharges it outside as the refrigerant circulates in the refrigerant circuit 1. The refrigerant circulation in the refrigerant circuit 1 will be described below.
[0022]
First, the refrigerant absorbs heat in the warehouse by the evaporator 17. The refrigerant that has absorbed heat is guided to the compressor 10 via the suction proportional valve 21. In the compressor 10, the refrigerant is compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas and sent to the condenser 11. The refrigerant dissipates heat to the outside in the condenser 11 and the temperature can be lowered. As a result, the refrigerant has dissipated the heat absorbed by the evaporator 17 by the condenser 11. Further, the refrigerant is sent from the condenser 11 to the electronic expansion valve 13 to be expanded and returned to the evaporator 17.
[0023]
The control means 30 controls the internal temperature by controlling the compressor 10, the electronic expansion valve 13, and the suction proportional valve 21 to control the refrigerant circulation amount in the refrigerant circuit 1. When performing the refrigeration operation, the circulation amount of the refrigerant is increased, and the heat in the storage is exhausted to the outside so that the interior becomes the set temperature in the input unit 3.
[0024]
(Chilled operation)
On the other hand, when the chilled operation is performed, the operation is performed while suppressing the refrigerating capacity of the refrigeration apparatus in order to make the temperature inside the refrigerator higher than zero degrees Celsius. The means for suppressing the refrigerating capacity will be described below.
In order to suppress the refrigerating capacity, the suction proportional valve 21 is first throttled. As a result, the refrigerant can be accumulated in a wet saturation state in a pipe or the like up to the suction proportional valve 21, and the amount of refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 1 can be suppressed. Furthermore, by opening and adjusting the electronic expansion valve 13 in this state, the refrigerant is also wet and saturated at the outlet of the evaporator 17. Thereby, since the refrigerant can be accumulated in a saturated state in the pipe from the outlet of the evaporator 17 to the suction proportional valve 21, the amount of the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 1 can be sufficiently reduced. For this reason, the refrigeration capacity is suppressed and chilled operation is possible.
[0025]
Further, by further opening the electronic expansion valve 13, wet saturated refrigerant can be stored in the entire interior of the evaporator 17. At this time, since the pressure of the refrigerant inside the evaporator 17 is constant, the temperature of the wet saturated refrigerant stored in the evaporator 17 is constant. Since the temperature of the refrigerant becomes constant, the endothermic heat from the inside of the evaporator becomes uniform. Therefore, temperature unevenness in the storage can be suppressed.
[0026]
(Protection of compressor during chilled operation)
The state of the refrigerant at the suction port of the compressor during the refrigeration operation is heated steam.
However, when the chilled operation is performed while suppressing the refrigerating capacity, the state of the refrigerant at the suction port of the compressor may become a wet saturation state. The wet saturated refrigerant includes a liquid refrigerant. Since the liquid is non-compressed unlike the gas, if the refrigerant in the liquid state is large when the compressor 10 compresses the refrigerant, a high pressure higher than the withstand pressure may be generated inside the compressor 10 to cause damage. Further, the refrigerant in the liquid state may carry the lubricating oil of the compressor 10 to the outside. For this reason, the amount of lubricating oil is reduced, and the compressor 10 may be seized.
[0027]
Therefore, it is necessary to control the electronic expansion valve 13 and the suction proportional valve 21 by the control means 30 so that the state of the refrigerant at the suction port of the compressor 10 becomes heated steam. Therefore, it is necessary to know the state of the refrigerant at the suction port of the compressor 10, but the state of the refrigerant at the suction port of the compressor 10 can be known from the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant.
[0028]
However, since the circulation amount of the refrigerant is small, the pressure at the suction port of the compressor 10 is very low, which is inaccurate with a normal pressure sensor, and the state becomes unclear.
Therefore, the protection means 31 estimates the pressure and temperature at the suction port of the compressor 10 from the detection results of the oil temperature sensor 5 and the pressure temperature sensor 6. The pressure temperature sensor 6 reveals the heating degree of the refrigerant on the compressor discharge side. From the degree of heating, the wetness of the refrigerant at the suction port of the compressor 10 can be known. Furthermore, since the wetness of the refrigerant can be estimated from the result of the oil temperature sensor 5, more accurate determination is possible. Thus, the refrigerating capacity can be controlled by the control means 30 so as to avoid damage to the compressor 10.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
In the refrigeration apparatus according to the first aspect, the temperature of the evaporator becomes uniform during the refrigeration operation while suppressing the refrigeration capacity, and temperature unevenness is less likely to occur.
In the refrigeration apparatus according to the second aspect, since the refrigeration apparatus includes the protection means, various damages can be prevented.
[0030]
In the refrigeration apparatus according to claim 3, since the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant at the suction port of the compressor are estimated from the detection result of the sensor, the state of the refrigerant at the suction port of the compressor is changed to a liquid state by the protection means. Can be prevented.
In the refrigeration apparatus according to the fourth aspect, since the wetness of the refrigerant at the suction port of the compressor is estimated from the detection result of the oil temperature sensor, the state of the refrigerant at the suction port of the compressor is changed to a liquid state by the protection means. Can be prevented.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a refrigeration apparatus according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a control block diagram of the refrigeration apparatus according to the embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Refrigerant circuit 2 Control part 5 Oil temperature sensor 6 Pressure temperature sensor 10 Compressor 11 Condenser 13 Electronic expansion valve 17 Evaporator 21 Suction proportional valve 30 Control means 31 Protection means

Claims (4)

圧縮機(10)と凝縮器(11)と電子膨張弁(13)と蒸発器(17)と吸入比例弁(21)とが順次接続されてなる冷媒回路(1)と、
前記冷媒回路(1)の能力制御を行う制御手段(30)と、
前記制御手段(30)に指示を行う指示手段(3)と、
を備え、
前記制御手段(30)は、前記指示手段(3)からの冷媒回路(1)の能力を抑える指示を受けて、前記蒸発器(17)の吐出側における冷媒の状態を湿り飽和蒸気の状態とするように前記吸入比例弁(21)および前記電子膨張弁(13)の少なくとも前記吸入比例弁の開度を調節し、さらに前記蒸発器(17)の内部全体における冷媒の状態を湿り飽和蒸気の状態とするように前記電子膨張弁(13)の開度を設定する、
冷凍装置。
A refrigerant circuit (1) in which a compressor (10), a condenser (11), an electronic expansion valve (13), an evaporator (17), and a suction proportional valve (21) are sequentially connected;
Control means (30) for controlling the capacity of the refrigerant circuit (1);
Instruction means (3) for giving an instruction to the control means (30);
With
The control means (30) receives an instruction to suppress the capacity of the refrigerant circuit (1) from the instruction means (3), and changes the state of the refrigerant on the discharge side of the evaporator (17) to the state of wet saturated steam. And adjusting the opening of at least the suction proportional valve of the suction proportional valve (21) and the electronic expansion valve (13) , and further changing the state of the refrigerant in the entire interior of the evaporator (17) to the wet saturated steam. Setting the opening of the electronic expansion valve (13) to be in a state;
Refrigeration equipment.
前記圧縮機(10)の損傷を防ぐ保護手段(31)をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の冷凍装置。  The refrigeration apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising protection means (31) for preventing damage to the compressor (10). 前記保護手段(31)は前記圧縮機(10)の吐出側に冷媒の圧力及び温度を検知するセンサ(6)を有しており、前記センサ(6)の検知結果から前記圧縮機(10)の吸入口における冷媒の圧力及び温度を推測する、
請求項2に記載の冷凍装置。
The protection means (31) has a sensor (6) for detecting the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant on the discharge side of the compressor (10), and the compressor (10) is detected from the detection result of the sensor (6). Infer the refrigerant pressure and temperature at the inlet of the
The refrigeration apparatus according to claim 2.
前記保護手段(31)は前記圧縮機(10)の油温を検知する油温センサ(5)を有しており、前記油温センサ(5)の検知結果から前記圧縮機(10)の吸入口における冷媒の湿り度を推測する、請求項2に記載の冷凍装置。  The protection means (31) has an oil temperature sensor (5) for detecting the oil temperature of the compressor (10), and the suction of the compressor (10) is detected from the detection result of the oil temperature sensor (5). The refrigeration apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the degree of wetness of the refrigerant in the mouth is estimated.
JP2001134057A 2001-05-01 2001-05-01 Refrigeration equipment Expired - Fee Related JP3719159B2 (en)

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PCT/JP2002/004343 WO2002090843A1 (en) 2001-05-01 2002-04-30 Refrigerating device
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US6779355B2 (en) 2004-08-24
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US20030145614A1 (en) 2003-08-07
JP2002327964A (en) 2002-11-15
CN1461399A (en) 2003-12-10

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