JP3721090B2 - Air flow transportation method of pulverized coal - Google Patents
Air flow transportation method of pulverized coal Download PDFInfo
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- JP3721090B2 JP3721090B2 JP2001072298A JP2001072298A JP3721090B2 JP 3721090 B2 JP3721090 B2 JP 3721090B2 JP 2001072298 A JP2001072298 A JP 2001072298A JP 2001072298 A JP2001072298 A JP 2001072298A JP 3721090 B2 JP3721090 B2 JP 3721090B2
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- pulverized coal
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、微粉炭をキャリアガスによって管内を気流輸送する方法に関し、特に輸送管内での詰り(閉塞)の発生を防止することのできる気流輸送方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
例えば、高炉においては原燃料コストの低減を目的に多量の微粉炭を吹込むことが行われている。この微粉炭の高炉への吹込みは、図3に示すような設備により行われる。すなわち、微粉炭切り出しホッパ11には粉砕機(図示せず)で石炭を粉砕して得られた所望粒子径の微粉炭が貯蔵されており、この切り出しホッパ11より切り出された微粉炭は、輸送配管12中に吹込まれるキャリアガス(例えば窒素ガス)の流れにより分配器13に搬送されるとともに、分配器13中で高炉14の羽口15の数に対応して均等に分配され、輸送支管16を介して各羽口15から高炉14内に吹込まれる。
【0003】
上記の高炉における微粉炭吹込み操業においては、従来より微粉炭を輸送管内に詰まらせることなく気流輸送することが望まれ、そのための種々の方法が提案されている。例えば、微粉炭中にチャーを数〜十数%混合する、あるいは微粉炭中に金属酸化物の粉末を搬送性向上剤として混合する、等である。
【0004】
一方、本出願人も先に、微粉炭の気流輸送に際し、輸送される微粉炭の平均粒子径を粉砕ミルの粉砕能力を調節することなどによって調整し、微粉炭(特に高炭素含有率の微粉炭)を安定に気流輸送することのできる微粉炭の気流輸送方法を開発し、それを提案している(特開平6−49516号公報参照)。その提案のものの要旨は、微粉炭をキャリアガスによって管内を気流輸送する方法において、この微粉炭の炭素濃度C(%){dry・ash freeの元素分析値}に基いて、当該微粉炭の平均粒子径dp(mm)を下記条件式を満足するように設定するものである。
0.13×10-3exp(0.053×C)≦dp
ただし、式中Cは炭素濃度(%)を示す。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本出願人が上記に提案した方法は、原料石炭(微粉炭)の炭素濃度C(%)に基いて微粉炭の平均粒子径を管理して輸送するもので、チャーや向上剤を用いる方法に比べてそれらを用いない点で経済的な方法ではあるが、その後の調査において、平均粒子径だけの管理では必ずしも安定した微粉炭気流輸送ができない場合のあることが判明した。
【0006】
そこで、本発明者等は、上記の問題を改善し、より安定して微粉炭を気流輸送し得る、微粉炭の気流輸送方法を開発することを目的として、更なる研究を重ね、本発明を完成させたものである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的を達成するために、本発明(請求項1)に係る微粉炭の気流輸送方法は、微粉炭をキャリアガスによって管内を気流輸送する方法において、前記微粉炭の平均粒子径及び粒度の標準偏差が下記式を満たすように設定されてなるものである。
0.0476×Dp−49.878×σ+29>f(d,r,Ug)
ただし、Dp:平均粒子径(μm)、σ:標準偏差(−)、f(d,r,Ug):補正関数[f(d,r,Ug)=a×r×Ug 2 /d、ここで、a:定数、r:固気比、d:配管径(mm)、Ug:搬送ガス流速(m/秒)]
【0008】
本出願人が特開平6−49516号公報に提案したような平均粒子径を管理するだけでも気流輸送中の閉塞はかなり改善されるが、平均粒子径を管理してもなお且つ生じる詰り(閉塞)の際の状況を調査検討したところ、気流輸送される微粉炭の粒度のばらつき(標準偏差)が大きいと流動性が悪化し閉塞を発生しやすい傾向にあることが判明した。
【0009】
そこで、本発明者等は特性の異なる2種類の石炭種、A炭(粉砕後粒度が小さくなりやすく使い難い炭種、HGI=84)、B炭(通常炭、HGI=49)を用い、その配合を変えて、▲1▼混合後粉砕したもの、▲2▼別々に粉砕した後、混合したもの(平均粒子径は一定で、標準偏差を変えたもの)を用意し、それぞれの流動性(FF)を測定した。その結果を表1並びに図1に示す。なお、▲1▼は表1の試料番号1〜7が、▲2▼は表1の試料番号8〜11がそれぞれ該当する。また、図1aは、表1の値を流動性と平均粒子径との関係で、図1bは表1の値を流動性と標準偏差との関係でそれぞれ表わしたものである。また、図1のプロットに添えた数字は試料番号である。
【0010】
【表1】
【0011】
上記表1及び図1からも理解されるように、気流輸送される微粉炭の標準偏差が大きいと流動性が悪化し閉塞を発生しやすい傾向にあることが分かる。その理由は、標準偏差が大きいと粒子径の比較的小さな微粉炭が比較的粒子径の大きな微粉炭の隙間に入り込み、微粉炭同士に接点(配位数)が増加することにより、微粉炭粒子間に働く相互作用力(主に摩擦力)が大きくなり、流動性が悪化するためと推定される。従って、本発明では微粉炭の標準偏差も所定の目標値を満たすように設定するもので、これにより管内を流れる微粉炭の流動性の悪化が抑制され、閉塞が起こり難くなったものと推測される。
【0012】
すなわち、本発明においては、微粉炭の平均粒子径及び粒度の標準偏差は下記式を満たすものとしていることから、微粉炭の平均粒子径及び粒度の標準偏差の所定の目標値を配管径及び固気比を加味して設定することで、管内における微粉炭の流動性が維持でき、上記の作用効果がより効果的に得られ閉塞させることなく微粉炭の気流輸送をすることができる。
0.0476×Dp−49.878×σ+29>f(d,r,Ug)
ただし、Dp:平均粒子径(μm)、σ:標準偏差(−)、f(d,r,Ug):補正関数[f(d,r,Ug)=a×r×Ug2/d、ここで、a:定数、r:固気比、d:配管径(mm)、Ug:搬送ガス流速(m/秒)]
【0013】
なお、上記式は、微粉炭の流動特性と設備条件、操業条件を加味して、配管が閉塞しない条件を表した式である。すなわち、上述した流動性(FF)の測定結果(表1)から、FFを平均粒子径、標準偏差を変数にした重回帰式(FF=0.0476×Dp−49.878×σ+29)で表現し、これに配管径、固気比、吹込みガス流速によって決まる補正関数f(d,r,Ug)を加味して求めたものである。そして、FF値がf(d,r,Ug)より大きければ、配管が閉塞しない微粉炭の流動性が確保できる。また、後記実験装置から、FF値が4以上を満たす場合には微粉炭の流動性が良いことが確認されており、現状の設備条件、操業条件ではf(d,r,Ug)は4であることが分かった。なお、高炉における微粉炭吹込みの際の一般的な条件は、概ね、固気比:10〜20、配管径:20〜40mm、搬送(吹込み)ガス流速:20〜35m/秒である。
【0014】
一方、上記式から理解されるように、配管の閉塞防止にはf(d,r,Ug)を小さくする手段を講じることが考えられる。そのためには、配管径dを大きくするか、固気比rあるいは搬送ガス流速Ugを下げるか、のいずれかで可能となる。しかしながら、配管径を大きくする方法は大きな設備改造費用を伴い経済的によい方法ではなく、固気比や吹込みガス流速を下げる方法は、微粉炭搬送量を下げることに通じるので設備本来の目的に反する。従って、本発明は、微粉炭粒度、標準偏差を所定の目標値を満たすように設定することにより、管内を流れる微粉炭の流動性の悪化を抑制し、閉塞を防止するとしたものである。なお、本発明における微粉炭の粒度等の測定は、マイクロトラック(島津製作所製、型式:SALD−2000A−98A2)により測定し、また平均値及び標準偏差σは以下の数式によって定義されるものである。
【0015】
平均値=10μ、標準偏差=σ
ただし、
【数1】
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
微粉炭の気流輸送特性は、微粉炭をキャリアガスによって輸送した場合の管内の圧力損失によって評価される。すなわち、気流輸送特性の良い微粉炭の場合には、その圧力損失は低く、気流輸送特性の悪い場合には圧力損失が高くなるはずである。そこで本発明者等は、図2に示す実験装置を用い微粉炭の気流輸送を行った。なお、図2において、符号1は微粉炭用ホッパ、2は微粉炭切出し用テーブルフィーダ、3は微粉炭気流輸送配管、4はサイクロンであって、微粉炭切出し用テーブルフィーダ2から切出された微粉炭5は微粉炭気流輸送配管3内を窒素ガスをキャリアガスとしてサイクロン4へと気流輸送される。
【0017】
上記図2に示す実験装置を用いた微粉炭の気流輸送は、微粉炭気流輸送配管3の管径=10mm、長さ=2m、固気比=20、気流速度=4m/sに設定する一方で、本発明例の微粉炭として上記表1の試料番号4(微粉炭の平均粒子径=33.05μm、標準偏差=0.545)と、比較のための微粉炭として試料番号2(微粉炭の平均粒子径=17.16μm、標準偏差=0.533)を用いて気流輸送した。その結果、試料番号4の微粉炭の場合は管内圧力損失が1.88kPaで閉塞などの問題もなく気流輸送ができたが、試料番号2の場合は管内圧力損失が2.90kPaと高く、閉塞が懸念される。なお、上記実験装置では管内圧力損失が2.94kPaになると閉塞を起こすことが過去の実験で確認されている。
【0018】
因みに、高炉における実操業においては、FF値が4以上(平均粒子径=30μm以上、標準偏差=0.529以下)を満たすように調整した微粉炭を用いており、これにより微粉炭の気流輸送が円滑に行えている。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明に係る微粉炭の気流輸送によれば、輸送管内での詰りの発生を防止して微粉炭を気流輸送することができ、特に高炉においては、配管内で閉塞させることなく安定した微粉炭の吹込みが期待できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】微粉炭の流動性と平均粒子径、標準偏差との関係を示す図であって、aは流動性と平均粒子径との関係、bは流動性と標準偏差との関係をそれぞれ示すグラフ図である。
【図2】実験装置の説明図である。
【図3】高炉への微粉炭吹込みプロセスの概要を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1:微粉炭用ホッパ 2:微粉炭切出し用テーブルフィーダ
3:微粉炭気流輸送配管 4:サイクロン 5:微粉炭[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for air-transporting pulverized coal in a pipe with a carrier gas, and more particularly to an air-flow transport method capable of preventing clogging (clogging) in a transport pipe.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, in a blast furnace, a large amount of pulverized coal is injected for the purpose of reducing raw fuel costs. The pulverized coal is blown into the blast furnace by an equipment as shown in FIG. That is, the pulverized coal cutting hopper 11 stores pulverized coal having a desired particle diameter obtained by pulverizing coal with a pulverizer (not shown), and the pulverized coal cut out from the
[0003]
In the operation of injecting pulverized coal in the above blast furnace, it has been conventionally desired to transport the pulverized coal without clogging the transport pipe, and various methods have been proposed for that purpose. For example, char is mixed in the pulverized coal by several to tens of percent, or metal oxide powder is mixed in the pulverized coal as a transportability improver.
[0004]
On the other hand, the applicant previously adjusted the average particle size of the pulverized coal to be transported by air flow transportation of the pulverized coal by adjusting the pulverizing ability of the pulverizing mill, etc. We have developed and proposed a method for air-carrying pulverized coal that can stably carry air-carrying (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-49516). The gist of the proposal is that, in the method of air-transporting pulverized coal in a pipe with a carrier gas, based on the carbon concentration C (%) of the pulverized coal {elemental analysis value of dry / ash free}, the average of the pulverized coal The particle diameter dp (mm) is set so as to satisfy the following conditional expression.
0.13 × 10 −3 exp (0.053 × C) ≦ dp
However, C in a formula shows carbon concentration (%).
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The method proposed above by the present applicant is a method in which the average particle diameter of pulverized coal is controlled and transported based on the carbon concentration C (%) of the raw coal (pulverized coal). Although it is an economical method in that they are not used in comparison, in subsequent investigations, it was found that stable pulverized coal air current transportation may not always be possible by controlling only the average particle diameter.
[0006]
Therefore, the present inventors have further researched for the purpose of developing an air transportation method for pulverized coal that can improve the above-described problems and more stably transport pulverized coal by air transportation, and It has been completed.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the method of air transporting pulverized coal according to the present invention (Claim 1) is a method of air transporting pulverized coal through a pipe with a carrier gas, wherein the average particle size and particle size of the pulverized coal are The standard deviation is set to satisfy the following formula.
0.0476 × Dp−49.878 × σ + 29> f (d, r, Ug)
Where Dp: average particle size (μm), σ: standard deviation (−), f (d, r, Ug): correction function [f (d, r, Ug) = a × r × Ug 2 / d, where A: constant, r: solid-gas ratio, d: pipe diameter (mm), Ug: carrier gas flow velocity (m / sec)]
[0008]
Even if the average particle diameter is merely managed as proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-49516 by the present applicant, the blockage during the air flow transportation is considerably improved. ), It was found that if the dispersion (standard deviation) in the particle size of the pulverized coal transported by air is large, the fluidity tends to deteriorate and blockage tends to occur.
[0009]
Therefore, the present inventors used two types of coal with different characteristics, coal A (coal species that tends to be small in particle size after grinding, difficult to use, HGI = 84), coal B (normal coal, HGI = 49), (1) Mixed and pulverized after mixing, (2) Separately pulverized and mixed (average particle diameter is constant, standard deviation is changed), and each fluidity ( FF) was measured. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIG. Note that (1) corresponds to
[0010]
[Table 1]
[0011]
As understood from Table 1 and FIG. 1, it can be seen that when the standard deviation of the pulverized coal transported by airflow is large, the fluidity is deteriorated and the blockage tends to occur. The reason is that if the standard deviation is large, the pulverized coal with a relatively small particle size enters the gap between the pulverized coal with a relatively large particle size, and the number of contacts (coordination number) increases between the pulverized coals. It is estimated that the interaction force (mainly frictional force) acting in between increases and fluidity deteriorates. Therefore, in the present invention, the standard deviation of the pulverized coal is also set so as to satisfy the predetermined target value, thereby suppressing the deterioration of the fluidity of the pulverized coal flowing in the pipe, and it is estimated that the blockage is less likely to occur. The
[0012]
That is, in the present invention, the standard deviation of the average particle diameter and particle size of the pulverized coal from the fact that shall meet the following formulas, pipe diameter and solid a predetermined target value of the standard deviation of the average particle diameter and particle size of the pulverized coal By setting the air ratio in consideration, the fluidity of the pulverized coal in the pipe can be maintained, and the above-described effects can be obtained more effectively, and the pulverized coal can be transported in an air stream without being blocked.
0 . 0476 × Dp − 49.878 × σ + 29> f (d, r, Ug)
Where Dp: average particle size (μm), σ: standard deviation (−), f (d, r, Ug): correction function [f (d, r, Ug) = a × r × Ug 2 / d, where A: constant, r: solid-gas ratio, d: pipe diameter (mm), Ug: carrier gas flow velocity (m / sec)]
[0013]
In addition, the said formula is a formula showing the conditions which piping does not block | close in consideration of the flow characteristics, equipment conditions, and operation conditions of pulverized coal. That is, from the measurement result (Table 1) of the fluidity (FF) described above, it is expressed by a multiple regression equation (FF = 0.0476 × Dp−49.878 × σ + 29) where FF is an average particle diameter and standard deviation is a variable. This is obtained by adding a correction function f (d, r, Ug) determined by the pipe diameter, the solid-gas ratio, and the blown gas flow velocity. And if FF value is larger than f (d, r, Ug), the fluidity | liquidity of the pulverized coal which does not obstruct | occlude piping is securable. Moreover, it is confirmed from the experimental apparatus described later that the flowability of pulverized coal is good when the FF value satisfies 4 or more, and f (d, r, Ug) is 4 under the current equipment conditions and operation conditions. I found out. In addition, the general conditions at the time of pulverized coal injection in a blast furnace are generally a solid-gas ratio: 10-20, a pipe diameter: 20-40 mm, and a conveyance (blowing) gas flow rate: 20-35 m / sec. .
[0014]
On the other hand, as can be understood from the above equation, it is conceivable to take measures to reduce f (d, r, Ug) in order to prevent the blockage of the piping. For this purpose, it is possible to either increase the pipe diameter d or lower the solid-gas ratio r or the carrier gas flow velocity Ug. However, the method of increasing the pipe diameter is not an economically good method with large equipment modification costs, and the method of reducing the solid-gas ratio and the flow rate of the blown gas leads to lowering the pulverized coal conveyance amount, so the original purpose of the facility Contrary to Therefore, in the present invention, by setting the pulverized coal particle size and standard deviation so as to satisfy the predetermined target values, the deterioration of the fluidity of the pulverized coal flowing in the pipe is suppressed and the blockage is prevented. In addition, the measurement of the particle size etc. of the pulverized coal in the present invention is measured by Microtrac (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, model: SALD-2000A-98A2), and the average value and the standard deviation σ are defined by the following formulas. is there.
[0015]
Average value = 10 μ, standard deviation = σ
However,
[Expression 1]
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The air current transport characteristics of pulverized coal are evaluated by the pressure loss in the pipe when pulverized coal is transported by a carrier gas. That is, in the case of pulverized coal with good airflow transport characteristics, the pressure loss should be low, and when the airflow transport characteristics are poor, the pressure loss should be high. Therefore, the present inventors performed air transportation of pulverized coal using the experimental apparatus shown in FIG. In FIG. 2,
[0017]
The air transportation of the pulverized coal using the experimental apparatus shown in FIG. 2 is set such that the diameter of the pulverized coal
[0018]
Incidentally, in actual operation in the blast furnace, pulverized coal adjusted so as to satisfy an FF value of 4 or more (average particle size = 30 μm or more, standard deviation = 0.529 or less) is used, and thereby air transportation of pulverized coal. Is done smoothly.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the air transportation of pulverized coal according to the present invention, the occurrence of clogging in the transport pipe can be prevented and the pulverized coal can be air transported, and particularly in a blast furnace, the pulverized coal is blocked in the pipe. A stable pulverized coal injection can be expected without any problems.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the fluidity of pulverized coal, the average particle size, and the standard deviation, where a is the relationship between the fluidity and the average particle size, and b is the relationship between the fluidity and the standard deviation. FIG.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an experimental apparatus.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing an outline of a pulverized coal injection process into a blast furnace.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: pulverized coal hopper 2: pulverized coal cutting table feeder 3: pulverized coal air current transportation piping 4: cyclone 5: pulverized coal
Claims (2)
0.0476×Dp−49.878×σ+29>f(d,r,Ug)
ただし、Dp:平均粒子径(μm)、σ:標準偏差(−)、f(d,r,Ug):補正関数[f(d,r,Ug)=a×r×Ug2/d、ここで、a:定数、r:固気比、d:配管径(mm)、Ug:搬送ガス流速(m/秒)] In the method of air-transporting pulverized coal in a pipe with a carrier gas, the pulverized coal air-transport method is characterized in that the average particle diameter and standard deviation of the particle size of the pulverized coal are set so as to satisfy the following expressions.
0 . 0476 × Dp − 49.878 × σ + 29> f (d, r, Ug)
Where Dp: average particle size (μm), σ: standard deviation (−), f (d, r, Ug): correction function [f (d, r, Ug) = a × r × Ug 2 / d, where A: constant, r: solid-gas ratio, d: pipe diameter (mm), Ug: carrier gas flow velocity (m / sec)]
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| JP5286635B2 (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2013-09-11 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Method for producing pulverized coal |
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