JP3723156B2 - River observation device and river management system using the same - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a river observation device and a river management system using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a flow path detecting means for detecting a flow path position where water actually flows in a river, and a measuring means for measuring at least a water level or a flow velocity within the flow path position detected by the flow path detecting means, Proposed river observation systems have been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2001-241998 and 2001-241999).
[0003]
In the conventional river observation system, specifically, the flow path detecting means includes (1) means for detecting a flow path position based on a difference image between two images obtained by imaging a river at different times, and (2 ) Based on the distribution of the flow velocity measured at each measurement position of the river using means for detecting the flow path position based on the heat distribution obtained from the infrared image obtained by imaging the river, and (3) the flow velocity measuring instrument. Means for detecting the flow path position, and (4) means for detecting the flow path position based on the distribution of the radiation temperature measured at each measurement position of the river using a radiation thermometer that measures the radiation energy from the water surface. Adopted.
[0004]
In the river observation system, specifically, for example, an ultrasonic transceiver is used as the water level measuring means (water level detecting means), and specifically, for example, an ultrasonic transceiver is used as the flow velocity measuring means.
[0005]
According to the conventional river observation system, at least the water level or flow velocity is measured in the flow path position where the water actually flows in the river. Even when the flow path position where the water actually flows changes, the water level and the flow velocity can be accurately observed.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional river observation system, the advantages as described above are obtained and excellent. However, it is possible to detect the position of the channel actually flowing in the river by a principle different from the conventional river observation system. If possible, an appropriate detection method can be appropriately employed according to conditions such as an observation location, which is preferable.
[0007]
Also, in conventional river observation systems, ultrasonic transceivers are used to detect the water level, but in order to measure the water level within the flow path position where water actually flows in the river, The ultrasonic transmitter / receiver has to be moved to the flow path position, and the cost of the sensor movement mechanism is unavoidable, and depending on the installation location, such a movement mechanism cannot be provided. The water level could not be observed at the place.
[0008]
Furthermore, the publication (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-241998) disclosing the conventional river observation system does not clearly indicate the point of detection of the river flow rate. In detecting and predicting the occurrence of debris flows and large water, it is important not only to know the water level and flow velocity, but also to know the river flow rate for disaster countermeasures.
[0009]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and detects at least one of the full width and the position in the river width direction of the actual watershed area of the river based on a principle completely different from the conventional river observation system. An object of the present invention is to provide a river observation apparatus that can perform such a process.
[0010]
Another object of the present invention is to provide a river observation device that can detect the water level of a river on the basis of a completely different principle from the conventional river management system.
[0011]
Furthermore, an object of this invention is to provide the river observation apparatus which can detect the water level in the actual flowing water area of a river, without requiring a sensor moving mechanism.
[0012]
Furthermore, an object of this invention is to provide the river observation apparatus which can detect the flow volume of a river.
[0013]
Moreover, an object of this invention is to provide the river management system which can issue an alarm based on the flow volume of a river.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, a river observation device according to a first aspect of the present invention is a river observation device that detects at least one of the full width and position of an actual watershed area in the river width direction. Based on the image obtained by the imaging means, the imaging means for capturing an image including an image over substantially the entire river width in the vicinity of the portion where the upstream side is high and the downstream side has a low step over the river width, Processing means for obtaining at least one of the full width and the position of the actual water flow area of the river in the vicinity of the step in the river width direction. In the case of performing observation at night, the area of the image covering almost the entire river width near the portion where the step is formed is illuminated by the illumination means. This is the same for each aspect described later. However, in the case of the third aspect described later, it is only necessary to illuminate the image area over at least a part of the river width in the vicinity of the portion where the step is formed.
[0015]
In a river, there is a portion where a step is formed that is high on the upstream side and low on the downstream side over the width of the river. For example, in a sabo dam, a vertical wall is formed on the downstream side of the water hitting downstream of the water passage (water discharge channel), and this vertical wall constitutes the step. Further, the step is appropriately installed not only in the vertical wall of the sabo dam but also in other parts of the river in order to reduce the momentum such as debris flow and suppress damage.
[0016]
In such a step, when water flows, it becomes a waterfall in a region where water flows, and splashes, bubbles, and the like are generated, and the portion appears cloudy due to irregular reflection or the like. This area that appears cloudy is a vertical wall of a step (here, it is described as a vertical wall, but the wall between the high and low steps may be inclined. This also applies to the following description. This is the same as above.) Since the surface flow velocity changes abruptly not only in the portion along the line but also in the area on the near side where water is about to drop the level difference, that is, the area on the near side (upstream side) of the level difference. The water appears cloudy. Therefore, when an image in the vicinity of a step is captured, the cloudy image area has a higher luminance value than other areas. On the other hand, in the step, the luminance value is lower in the image area where water does not flow than in the above-described cloudy area.
[0017]
Therefore, when an image including an image covering substantially the entire river width in the vicinity of the portion where the upstream side is high and the downstream side is low is formed across the river width of the river, a region having a relatively high luminance value in the image Indicates an area where water is flowing and clouded. For this reason, by processing the captured image, it is possible to obtain the full width and position in the river width direction of the actual watershed area of the river.
[0018]
According to the first aspect, it is possible to detect at least one of the full width and the position in the river width direction of the actual flowing water area of the river by the principle described above.
[0019]
The river observation device according to a second aspect of the present invention is the river observation device according to the first aspect, wherein the imaging means captures the image over substantially the entire river width in the vicinity of the portion where the step is formed from the downstream side. Is.
[0020]
As described above, the region that appears cloudy is not only the portion along the vertical wall of the step, but also the region on the near side where water is about to fall on the step, that is, the region on the near side (upstream side) of the step. The water also appears cloudy at. Therefore, in the first aspect, the image pickup means captures the image of the actual river flow area of the river even if the image over the entire river width near the portion where the step is formed is taken from the upstream side, for example. The total width and position in the river width direction can be determined.
[0021]
However, a portion along the vertical wall of the step has a particularly high degree of white, and the luminance value of the image area of that portion is particularly high. Therefore, in order to increase the detection accuracy, as in the second aspect, The imaging means preferably images from the downstream side.
[0022]
A river observation device according to a third aspect of the present invention is a river observation device for detecting a water level of a river, wherein the river width in the vicinity of a portion where a step is formed high on the upstream side and low on the downstream side over the river width of the river. Imaging means for imaging an image including at least a part of the image from the downstream side, and processing means for obtaining a water level on the high side in the vicinity of the step of the river based on an image obtained by the imaging means , With.
[0023]
As described above, the region that appears cloudy is not only the portion along the vertical wall of the step, but also the region on the near side where water is about to fall on the step, that is, the region on the near side (upstream side) of the step. The water also appears cloudy at. Therefore, water appears cloudy not only in the part from the upper side to the lower side of the vertical wall of the step in the water flow, but also in the region from the upper side of the vertical wall of the step to the height of the water level on the higher step side. . Therefore, the difference in height between the upper surface of the cloudy region, the vertical wall of the step, and the upper side when viewed from the downstream side indicates the water level on the higher step side.
[0024]
Therefore, when an image including an image over at least a part of the river width in the vicinity of the portion where the upstream side is high and the downstream side is low is formed across the river width of the river, the brightness in the image is relatively high. The difference between the height position of the upper side of the region having a high value and the height on the higher step side (this is known) indicates the water level on the higher step side.
[0025]
According to the third aspect, the water level on the high side in the vicinity of the level difference of the river can be obtained by the principle described above.
[0026]
The river observation device according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the river observation device according to the third aspect, wherein the imaging means has the river width in the vicinity of a portion where a step is formed that is high on the upstream side and low on the downstream side over the river width of the river. An image including an image over substantially the entire image is taken.
[0027]
In the third aspect, the imaging means may capture only an image over a part of the river width near the place where the step is formed. In this case, the water level can be detected only within a range over a part of the captured river width. On the other hand, as in the fourth aspect, if the imaging means captures an image including an image covering almost the entire river width in the vicinity of the portion where the step is formed, the riverbed topographic change due to debris flow, water increase, etc. Even when the actual flowing water area changes due to the flow rate of flowing water, the water level in the actual flowing water area can always be detected. And since a water level is detectable by processing the image imaged by the imaging means, the sensor movement mechanism conventionally required becomes unnecessary.
[0028]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the river observation device according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the processing unit includes a determination unit that determines a pixel having a relatively high luminance value in the image. It is a waste.
[0029]
In the first to fourth aspects, since the flowing water in the vicinity of the step is clouded, the entire width and position in the river width direction of the actual flowing water area and the water level are detected based on the principle as described above. As in the fifth aspect, a pixel having a relatively high luminance value is determined in the captured image.
[0030]
A river observation device according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is a river observation device for detecting a flow rate of a river, wherein the river width in the vicinity of a portion where a step is formed that is high on the upstream side and low on the downstream side over the river width of the river. Image pickup means for picking up an image including substantially the entire image from the downstream side, and processing means for obtaining the flow rate of the river in the vicinity of the level difference based on the image obtained by the image pickup means. is there.
[0031]
As can be seen from the above description regarding the first to fifth aspects, from an image obtained by capturing an image including an image over substantially the entire river width in the vicinity of the portion where the step is formed, in the vicinity of the step. The full width and position of the actual watershed area in the river width direction and the water level on the high side in the vicinity of the step can be obtained. Further, there is a correlation between the flow velocity on the high side near the step and the water level. Therefore, [flow rate] = [full width of the actual watershed in the width direction of the river] × [water level] × [velocity], or [flow] = [integral with respect to the position of the water level according to the position of the actual watershed. Since the relationship of [value] × [flow velocity] is established, the flow rate of the river near the step can be obtained by processing the image. In the sixth aspect, the flow rate of the river in the vicinity of the level difference of the river can be obtained by such a principle.
[0032]
The river observation apparatus according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is the river observation device according to the sixth aspect, wherein the processing means is based on the image and includes the full width and position of the actual watershed area of the river in the vicinity of the step in the river width direction. Obtained by the first means, the second means for obtaining the water level on the high side in the vicinity of the step in the actual watershed area of the river based on the image, and the first means And a third means for obtaining the flow rate based on the full width or the position and the water level obtained by the second means.
[0033]
The seventh aspect is a specific example of the processing means in the sixth aspect.
[0034]
A river observation device according to an eighth aspect of the present invention is a river observation device for detecting a flow rate of a river, wherein the river width in the vicinity of a portion where a step is formed that is high on the upstream side and low on the downstream side over the river width of the river. Imaging means for capturing an image including an image over substantially the entire first area, and based on the image, a first width for obtaining at least one of the full width and position of the actual watershed area of the river in the vicinity of the step in the river width direction Means, water level detecting means for detecting the water level of the river on the high side near the step, the full width or the position obtained by the first means, and the water level obtained by the water level detecting means. And a third means for determining the flow rate.
[0035]
In the eighth aspect, the flow rate can be obtained basically according to the same principle as in the seventh aspect, but the water level of the river on the high side near the step is determined by using water detection means. Is detected.
[0036]
In the river observation device according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, in the eighth aspect, the water level detection means includes transmission / reception means for ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves or infrared rays. In the ninth aspect, an example of the water level detecting means is given.
[0037]
In the river observation device according to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the sixth to ninth aspects, the third means includes the water level of the river on the high side near the step and the vicinity of the step. The flow rate is obtained using a preset relationship with the flow velocity of the river on the higher side.
[0038]
Since there is a correlation between the water level and the flow velocity on the high side near the step, the flow velocity can be obtained from the water level. The flow rate can be obtained by using a preset relationship between the water level and the flow velocity as in the tenth aspect. The relationship between the water level and the flow velocity may be set in the form of an equation, for example, according to actual measurement data or empirical rules, or may be set in the form of a lookup table.
[0039]
A river observation device according to an eleventh aspect of the present invention is a river observation device for detecting a flow rate of a river, wherein the river width in the vicinity of a portion where a step is formed that is high on the upstream side and low on the downstream side over the river width of the river. And at least one of the full width and the position in the river width direction of the actual watershed area of the river in the vicinity of the step, based on the image, and an imaging unit that captures an image including an image covering substantially the whole Based on the first means, the second means for determining the water level on the high side near the step in the actual watershed area of the river, and the flow velocity of the river on the high side near the step Based on the flow velocity detecting means to detect, the full width or the position obtained by the first means, the water level obtained by the second means, and the flow velocity detected by the flow velocity detecting means, Third means for determining a serial flow, but with a.
[0040]
In the eleventh aspect, the flow rate can be obtained basically based on the same principle as in the seventh aspect. However, the flow velocity of the river on the high side near the step is detected using the flow velocity detection means. Is detected.
[0041]
A river observation device according to a twelfth aspect of the present invention is a river observation device that detects a flow rate of a river, and the river width in the vicinity of a portion where a step is formed that is high on the upstream side and low on the downstream side over the river width of the river. Imaging means for capturing an image including an image over substantially the entire first area, and based on the image, a first width for obtaining at least one of the full width and position of the actual watershed area of the river in the vicinity of the step in the river width direction Means, a water level detecting means for detecting the water level of the river on the high side in the vicinity of the step, a flow rate detecting means for detecting the flow speed of the river in the vicinity of the step, and the full width obtained by the first means. Or a second means for obtaining the flow rate based on the position, the water level obtained by the water level detection means, and the flow velocity detected by the flow velocity detection means.
[0042]
In the twelfth aspect, the flow rate can be obtained basically according to the same principle as in the seventh aspect. However, using the water level detection means and the flow velocity detection means, The water level and flow velocity of the river are detected.
[0043]
According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the twelfth aspect, the river level observation device includes a means for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves, or infrared rays. The thirteenth aspect is an example of water level detection means.
[0044]
In the river observation device according to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the eleventh to thirteenth aspects, the flow velocity detection means includes transmission / reception means for ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves, or infrared rays. The fourteenth aspect is an example of the flow velocity detection means.
[0045]
A river management system according to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention includes a flow rate observation means for detecting a flow rate of a river at at least one observation location, and an alarm signal under a predetermined condition based on the flow rate obtained by the flow rate observation means. Determination means for generating and at least one alarm means for generating an alarm in response to the alarm signal, wherein the flow rate observation means includes the river observation device according to any one of the sixth to fourteenth aspects. It is a waste.
[0046]
According to the fifteenth aspect, since an alarm can be issued based on the flow rate of the river, it is possible to more appropriately warn of dangers such as debris flow and large water compared to the case where an alarm is issued only based on the water level and flow velocity. Can be issued.
[0047]
The river management system according to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention is the river management system according to the fifteenth aspect, wherein one of the at least one warning means is near a predetermined location downstream of a confluence where a plurality of river lines meet. The at least one observation location includes a predetermined location of each of the plurality of river lines.
[0048]
According to the sixteenth aspect, it is possible to more appropriately warn of a danger such as debris flow or large water to a predetermined location downstream of a junction where a plurality of river lines meet.
[0049]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a river observation device according to the present invention and a river management system using the same will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0050]
[First Embodiment]
[0051]
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing a river management system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram showing the river observation device 1 used in the river management system shown in FIG.
[0052]
As shown in FIG. 1, the river management system according to the present embodiment is separated from the river 30 by a plurality of river observation devices 1 that are installed corresponding to the observation locations of the river 30 (see FIG. 3 described later). A management center side device 2 installed in the management center, and a plurality of alarm devices 3 installed at each alarm location of the river 30. The number of river observation devices 1 and the number of warning devices 3 may each be one or more arbitrary numbers.
[0053]
As shown in FIG. 2, the river observation device 1 uses a television camera 11 as an imaging unit and an image analog signal from the camera 11 for each pixel with a luminance value (density value) of a predetermined gradation (for example, 256 gradations). ), An A / D converter 12 for converting to a digital signal, an image memory 13 for storing an image (image signal) converted to a digital signal, and a process for performing processing to be described later on an image from the image memory 13 Unit 14, transmission unit 15, illuminating lamp 16, and illuminating lamp control unit 17 that drives and controls the illuminating lamp 16. Although not shown in the drawing, the processing unit 14 is configured by, for example, a microcomputer and other electronic circuits so as to realize an operation described later.
[0054]
FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating a state in the vicinity of a location to be imaged by the camera 11 (a vicinity of an observation location by the river observation device 1 in the river 30) and an arrangement example of the river observation device 1. FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a cross section taken along the line AA ′ in FIG. 3. For convenience of explanation, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, an X axis, a Y axis, and a Z axis that are orthogonal to each other are defined. The X-axis direction is the horizontal direction and coincides with the river width direction. The Y-axis direction coincides with the vertical direction. The Z-axis direction substantially coincides with the direction in which water 36 flows upstream and downstream of the vertical wall 32 of the river 30.
[0055]
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a step is formed across the river width W of the river 30, which is higher on the upstream side and lower on the downstream side. In the example shown in the drawing, this level difference includes a water hammer (this is a substantially horizontal surface) 31 in the sabo dam, a vertical wall 32 formed on the downstream side of the water hammer 31, and a river bed on the downstream side of the vertical wall 32 ( This forms a substantially horizontal plane.) 33. 3 and 4, reference numeral 34 denotes the upper side of the vertical wall 32 (the downstream side edge of the water hitting 31). Illustration of other parts of the sabo dam (such as sleeves and water passages) is omitted. In FIG. 3, M is a marker used when the measurer visually detects the water level. For example, the line “0” in the marker M indicates the height Y0 of the upper side 32 of the vertical wall 32 and indicates that the water level is 0 m, and the line “2” indicates that the water level is 2 m. Show. Although a part of measurement condition data described later can be set using such a marker-M, in the present invention, such a marker M is not always necessary.
[0056]
In FIG. 3, the rock 35 stays in the vicinity of the center of the river width W on the water hitting 31, and the water 36 does not flow in the portion of the width W <b> 2 near the center on the upper side 34 of the vertical wall 32. An example in which the water 36 flows only in the portions of the widths W1 and W3 is shown. As shown in FIG. 4, the water level (water level on the downstream side of the water tapping 31) H on the higher step side is Y0, the height of the upper side 34 of the vertical wall 32, and the vicinity of the upper side 34 of the vertical wall 32. If the height of the water surface of the water 36 is Y1, Y1-Y0 is obtained.
[0057]
In such a level difference, when the water 36 flows, a waterfall-like state occurs in the region where the water 36 flows, and splashes, bubbles, and the like are generated. When the water 36 is viewed from the surface side, the hatching in FIG. The surface region R marked with appears to be clouded due to irregular reflection or the like. The region R that appears cloudy is not only a portion along the vertical wall 32, but also in the region on the near side (upstream side of the upper side 34) where the water 36 is about to drop the step, the water 36 becomes cloudy due to foaming or the like. appear.
[0058]
As shown in FIG. 3, the camera 11 is attached to an arm 19 attached to the upper side of the upright support column 18, and includes an image covering the entire river width W in the vicinity of the position where the step is formed. Is installed so as to take an image from the downstream side. An illuminating lamp 16 is also attached to the arm 19 so that the field of view of the camera 11 is illuminated by the illuminating lamp 16. The illumination control unit 17 performs lighting control of the illumination lamp 16 based on a signal from an illuminance sensor or the like (not shown), and turns on the illumination lamp 16 when the surroundings are dark such as at night. Note that the illuminating lamp 16 is not necessarily installed near the camera 11. For example, the river width W is about 30 to 100 m, and the camera 11 is installed at a position about 150 to 200 m away from the step. The camera 11 and the illuminating lamp 16 are preferably installed at a safe position where there is no risk of being washed away by debris flow or large water. The A / D converter 12, the image memory 13, the processing unit 14, the transmission unit 15, and the illumination control unit 17 in FIG. 2 are accommodated in an accommodation box 20 attached to the support column 18.
[0059]
FIG. 6 shows an image obtained by capturing the part shown in FIG. In the image shown in FIG. 6, the luminance value of the pixel in the region corresponding to the region R that appears cloudy is higher than the luminance value of the pixel in the other region. Although FIG. 6 shows an image captured in front of the vertical wall 32 for easy understanding, in practice, the image is often captured from an oblique direction inclined in a predetermined direction. In addition, each dimension in FIG. 6 has shown the actual dimension instead of the dimension on an image. When the camera 11 is installed, measurement condition data indicating the relationship between the orientation and dimensions of the camera 11 on the image and the actual orientation and dimensions, for example, the horizontal angle and elevation angle of the camera 11, and the lens of the camera 11 The focal length, the installation height of the camera 11, the position of the upper side of the vertical wall 32 on the image of the camera 11, and the like are stored in an internal memory (not shown) of the processing unit 14.
[0060]
Next, an example of the operation of the river observation device 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart illustrating an example of the operation of the river observation device 1.
[0061]
When the river observation device 1 starts operating, the camera 11 captures the image at predetermined time intervals, the image data is stored in the image memory 13, and the image is captured (step S1).
[0062]
Next, the processing unit 14 binarizes the captured image data to determine an image region having a relatively high luminance value (that is, an image region of the region R in which the water 36 is clouded) (Step S2). ). FIG. 7 shows an image obtained by binarizing the image shown in FIG. In FIG. 7, the image region of the cloudy region R is hatched. At this time, as a threshold for binarization, for example, a predetermined value may be used, or an average luminance value of the entire image may be used. Although it is preferable to appropriately perform noise removal processing on the binarized image, it is not always necessary to perform noise removal processing.
[0063]
Next, the processing unit 14 calculates the full width W1 + W3 in the river width W direction (X-axis direction) of the actual watershed area of the river 30 near the step based on the image data binarized in step S2 (step S3). ). Note that W1 + W3 is the actual width of the actual watershed area in the situation shown in FIGS. 3 and 6. Of course, the actual width of the actual watershed area does not become W1 + W3 depending on the situation of the flowing water.
[0064]
In step S3, specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, an intermediate height Y3 between a line L0 corresponding to the upper side 34 of the vertical wall 32 and a line L2 corresponding to the lower side of the vertical wall 32 is set. A line L3 is set in advance, and pixels having a high luminance value are counted for the pixel row within the river width W on the line L3, and the count value is multiplied by an actual distance per pixel, thereby obtaining an actual The total width W1 + W3 of the watershed can be calculated. Actually, the actual distance corresponding to each pixel differs depending on the orientation of the camera 11 and the like, and it is preferable to perform geometric correction in consideration of this.
[0065]
Thereafter, the processing unit 14 calculates a water level (water level on the downstream side of the water tapping 31) H on the higher step side based on the image data binarized in step S2 (step S4).
[0066]
In step S4, specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, the highest Y position among the pixels with high luminance values arranged in the Y direction at any one X position within the width W1 or the width W3 is selected. By selecting the pixel having the pixel, obtaining the Y position (Y1) of the pixel, and subtracting the Y position (Y0) of the line L0 corresponding to the upper side 34 of the vertical wall 32 from this Y1, the water level H (= Y1-Y0) ) At this time, it goes without saying that the distance on the image is converted to the actual distance. For example, the water level H may be obtained by obtaining a value corresponding to the Y1 for each X position in the widths W1 and W3 and subtracting Y0 from the average value.
[0067]
Next, the processing unit 14 calculates a flow rate in the vicinity of the step based on the full width W1 + W3 obtained in step S3 and the water level H obtained in step S4 (step S5), and returns to step S1.
[0068]
In step S5, specifically, for example, the flow rate is calculated by the equation of flow rate = (W1 + W3) × H × (α · H). Here, α · H corresponds to the flow velocity V, and α is a proportionality constant indicating the relationship between the flow velocity V and the water level H, and is set from an empirical rule. However, the constant α may be set based on actual measurement data of the water level H and the flow velocity V. The flow velocity V can be measured, for example, by a known method using a float. In this example, it is approximated that the relationship between the water level H and the flow velocity V is proportional. However, another approximate expression that matches the actual measurement data is obtained in advance, and this approximate expression is obtained in step S5. You may use by calculation. Furthermore, a lookup table showing the relationship between the water level H and the flow velocity V may be created in advance from the actual measurement data, and the calculation in step S5 may be performed by referring to this lookup table.
[0069]
In the example shown in FIG. 5, the full width W1 + W3 is obtained, but the flow rate can be obtained without obtaining this. For example, from the binarized image data obtained in step S2, the X position of each pixel within the widths W1 and W3 in FIG. 7 (that is, the position in the river width direction of the actual watershed area of the river 30) is known. The water level H (= Y1−Y0) at each X position is obtained, H × (α · H) is calculated for each X position, these are integrated, and the integrated value is converted into an actual distance. By performing the conversion, the flow rate can be obtained. In this case, although it is substantially the same as the example shown in FIG. 5, the full width W1 + W3 is not obtained as an intermediate result of the calculation.
[0070]
Referring to FIG. 2 again, the transmission unit 15 transmits the flow rate calculated by the processing unit 14 as described above to the management center side device 2 via an arbitrary transmission path such as an optical fiber or wireless communication. . At this time, it is preferable to transmit an image captured by the camera 11 to the management center side device 2 as a monitoring image. Also, data such as the water level H, the actual width W1 + W3 of the actual watershed, and the position may be transmitted together. In the following description, it is assumed that these data are transmitted together.
[0071]
Referring again to FIG. 1, the management center side device 2 includes a receiving unit 21, a processing unit 22 including a personal computer, a display unit 23 such as a CRT, and a transmitting unit 24.
[0072]
The reception unit 21 performs reception processing of data and images transmitted from each river observation device 1. The processing unit 22 causes the display unit 23 to display the flow rate, the image, the water level, and the actual width and position of the actual water flow area transmitted from each river observation device 1. Further, the processing unit 22 determines whether or not a predetermined condition is met based on the flow rate transmitted from each river observation device 1, and generates an alarm signal when the condition is met, and the transmission unit The alarm signal is transmitted to the alarm device 3 at a predetermined location selected according to the condition. Although not shown in the drawing, the alarm device 3 includes, for example, a speaker and an electric display panel, and the alarm device 3 is installed in response to an alarm signal transmitted from the management center side device 2. Generate an audible and visual alarm near the location.
[0073]
An example of observation points by each river observation device 1 and alarm locations by the alarm device 3 are shown in FIG. FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view showing an observation location and an alarm location. In FIG. 8, 40 is a mountain, 41 is a plain, 30 is a river, and 42 is a sea. Locations B1 to B10 indicated by small squares in FIG. 8 are observation locations (locations as shown in FIG. 3) by each river observation device 1. One of the plurality of alarm devices 3 is installed in the vicinity of the location B10. The location B10 is a location that is close to the most downstream junction where a number of rivers merge into one river that flows into the sea 42.
[0074]
In the arrangement example of the observation location and the alarm location as shown in FIG. 8, the processing unit 22 of the management center side device 2 is, for example, when the flow rate at any of the locations B1 to B10 is equal to or higher than a predetermined flow rate. When the increase amount per unit time of the flow rate at any one of B1 to B10 is greater than or equal to a predetermined amount, when the sum of the flow rates at locations B2, B3, B4, B5, and B6 is greater than or equal to the predetermined flow rate, and When the sum of the flow rates of the locations B6, B7, and B8 exceeds a predetermined flow rate, the alarm device 3 installed near the location B10 is caused to transmit an alarm signal via the transmitter 24.
[0075]
Note that the river observation device 1 does not perform the processing of FIG. 5 described above, and transmits only the image captured by the camera 11 to the management center side device 2, and the processing unit 22 of the management center side device 2 performs each river observation. For example, the processing of FIG. 5 may be performed on the image from the apparatus 1 in a time-sharing manner. In this case, it can be said that the function shown in FIG. 5 performed by the processing unit 22 of the management center side device 2 constitutes a part of the river observation device 1.
[0076]
According to the present embodiment, as described above, the luminance value of the pixel in the region corresponding to the region R (see FIGS. 4 and 7) that appears cloudy in the image obtained by capturing the vicinity of the step as shown in FIG. By skillfully utilizing the property that the pixel is higher than the luminance value of the pixels in the other region, at least one of the full width and the position of the actual watershed region of the river 30 in the river width direction is detected based on a completely different principle. In addition, the water level of the river 30 can be detected, and the flow rate of the river 30 can be detected. Since the water level and flow rate of the river 30 are detected based on the actual water flow area, the flow path position where the water actually flows due to the topographic change of the river bed due to debris flow or water increase or the flow rate of the flowing water Even when (actual watershed) changes, the water level and flow rate can be observed with high accuracy.
[0077]
In addition, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to detect the flow rate of the river 30 just by imaging the vicinity of a predetermined location with the camera 11 and processing the image, so ultrasonic transmission / reception as a water level sensor or a flow velocity sensor is possible. It is possible to detect the flow rate at a location where it is difficult to install a vessel or the like. Further, since the camera 11 can be disposed at a position away from the river 30, there is no possibility that the equipment will be washed away or broken due to debris flow or large water. Therefore, damage to facilities and the like can be avoided, and there is no need for restoration costs, and it is possible to prevent a situation where observation is impossible. Furthermore, since the water level H in the actual water flow area can be detected simply by imaging the vicinity of a predetermined location with the camera 11 and processing the image, a sensor moving mechanism that has been conventionally required is not required at all.
[0078]
Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, an alarm can be issued based on the flow rate of the river 30, so that the risk of debris flow or large water is more appropriate than when an alarm is issued based only on the water level or flow velocity. An alarm can be issued.
[0079]
[Second Embodiment]
[0080]
FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram showing a river observation device 51 used in the river management system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically illustrating a state in the vicinity of a location to be imaged by the camera 11 (a vicinity of an observation location by the river observation device 51 in the river 30) and an arrangement example of the river observation device 51. 9 and 10, elements that are the same as or correspond to those in FIGS. 2 and 3 are given the same reference numerals, and redundant descriptions thereof are omitted.
[0081]
The river observation system according to the present embodiment differs from the river observation system according to the first embodiment in that at least one of the plurality of river observation devices 1 used in the first embodiment is Only the points replaced by the river observation device 51 shown in FIG.
[0082]
The river observation device 51 shown in FIG. 9 is different from the river observation device 1 shown in FIG. 2 in that the water level detection for detecting the high water level (water level downstream of the water hitting 31) H in the vicinity of the step. Ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 52, a water level measuring unit 53 for measuring the water level H using the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 52, and a flow velocity detecting ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 54 for detecting a flow velocity V on the high side near the step. The flow rate measuring unit 55 that measures the flow rate V using the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 54 and the temperature sensor 56 that detects the temperature T are added, and only part of the operation of the processing unit 14 is provided. .
[0083]
As shown in FIG. 10, a support 57 is erected on one river bank, and the ultrasonic transmitters / receivers 52 and 54 and the temperature sensor 56 are attached to an arm 58 attached to the upper side of the support 57. The measuring units 53 and 55 are accommodated in an accommodation box 59 attached to the support column 57. As shown in FIG. 10, the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 54 is attached so that its sound axis is obliquely downward so as to form a predetermined angle θ (for example, 45 °) with respect to the direction in which the water 36 flows. The device 52 is mounted such that its sound axis extends in the vertical direction and faces downward.
[0084]
The water level measurement unit 53 generates an ultrasonic wave from the ultrasonic transducer 52 for detecting the water level, receives a reflected wave transmitted from the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 52 and reflected by the surface of the water 36 and received by the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 52. Based on the signal and the temperature T detected by the temperature sensor 56, processing according to the following Equation 1 is performed to obtain the water level H. Further, the flow velocity measuring unit 55 generates an ultrasonic wave from the ultrasonic transducer 54 for detecting the flow velocity, and is reflected from the surface of the water 36 transmitted from the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 54 and received by the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 54. Based on the received signal and the temperature T detected by the temperature sensor 56, processing according to the following equation 2 is performed to obtain the water level H.
[Expression 1]
H = H ′ − (C0 + αT) · ts / 2
[Expression 2]
V = {(C0 + αT) · fd} / {(2fs + fd) · cos θ}
[0085]
In Equations 1 and 2, H ′ is the height of the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 52 from the water hitting 31, C 0 is the velocity of sound at 0 ° C., ts is the received signal of the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 52 and the transmission of the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 52. The time difference between the signals, α is the temperature coefficient of the sound wave, T is the air temperature, fd is the frequency difference (Doppler frequency) between the reception signal of the ultrasonic transceiver 54 and the transmission signal of the ultrasonic transceiver 54, and fs is The frequency of the transmission signal of the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 54, θ is an angle formed by the sound axis of the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 54 with respect to the direction in which the water 36 flows.
[0086]
In the present embodiment, the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 52 and the water level measuring unit 53 constitute a water level detecting unit, and the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 54 and the flow rate measuring unit 55 constitute a flow rate detecting unit. Instead of the ultrasonic transmitters / receivers 52 and 53, it is also possible to detect the water level and flow velocity using, for example, an electromagnetic wave or infrared ray transmitter / receiver.
[0087]
Also in the present embodiment, the processing unit 14 basically performs the operation shown in FIG. However, in the present embodiment, the processing unit 14 does not perform step S4, and in step S5, when performing the flow rate calculation similar to that of the first embodiment, the water level H and the water level H obtained from the water level measurement unit 53 and The flow velocity V obtained from the flow velocity measuring unit 55 is used.
[0088]
Also according to the present embodiment, advantages similar to those of the first embodiment can be obtained.
[0089]
In the present embodiment, the water level detection ultrasonic transceiver 52 and the water level measurement unit 53 are removed, the processing unit 14 performs step S4, and in step S5, the flow rate calculation similar to that of the first embodiment is performed. In this case, the water level H obtained in step S4 and the flow velocity V obtained from the flow velocity measuring unit 55 may be used.
[0090]
Further, in the present embodiment, the flow rate detecting ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 54 and the flow velocity measuring unit 55 are removed, and in step S5, when the flow rate calculation similar to that of the first embodiment is performed, the full width obtained in step S3. The flow rate may be calculated from W1 + W3 and the water level H obtained from the water level measurement unit 53. In the case of using a camera, measurement is not possible during fog or storm, but in this method, measurement is possible even in such a case.
[0091]
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
[0092]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to detect at least one of the full width and position of the actual flowing water area of the river in the river width direction based on a completely different principle from the above-described conventional river observation system. A river observation device can be provided.
[0093]
Moreover, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a river observation device that can detect the water level of a river on the basis of a completely different principle from the conventional river management system.
[0094]
Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a river observation device that can detect a water level in an actual watershed area of a river without requiring a sensor moving mechanism.
[0095]
Furthermore, according to this invention, the river observation apparatus which can detect the flow volume of a river can be provided.
[0096]
Moreover, according to this invention, the river management system which can issue an alarm based on the flow volume of a river can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing a river management system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram showing a river observation device used in the river management system shown in FIG.
3 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the vicinity of an observation point and an arrangement example of the river observation device shown in FIG. 2. FIG.
4 is a diagram schematically showing a cross section taken along line AA ′ in FIG. 3; FIG.
FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart showing an example of the operation of the river observation device shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a captured image.
7 is a diagram showing an image obtained by binarizing the image shown in FIG. 6;
8 is a schematic plan view showing an example of observation points and warning points by the river management system shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram showing a river observation device used in a river management system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
10 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the vicinity of an observation point and an arrangement example of the river observation device shown in FIG. 9;
[Explanation of symbols]
1,51 River observation equipment
2 Management center side device
3 Alarm device
11 TV camera
12 A / D converter
13 Image memory
14 Processing unit
15 Transmitter
16 Lighting
21 Receiver
22 Processing unit
23 Display
24 Transmitter
30 rivers
31 Water tapping
32 vertical wall
33 Riverbed
34 Upper side of vertical wall
35 rocks
36 water
52 Ultrasonic transceiver for water level detection
54 Ultrasonic transceiver for detecting flow velocity

Claims (13)

A river observation device that detects at least one of the full width and position of a river in the actual watershed area,
An imaging means for capturing an image including an image over substantially the entire river width in the vicinity of the portion where the upstream side is high and the downstream side is low over the river width of the river; and
And a processing means for obtaining at least one of the full width and the position of the actual watershed area of the river in the vicinity of the level difference in the river width direction based on the image obtained by the imaging means. Observation device.   The river observation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the imaging unit captures the image over the entire width of the river near the portion where the step is formed from the downstream side. The processing means, in the image, river observation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 wherein, characterized in that it comprises a determining means for determining pixels having high relative luminance value. A river observation device that detects the flow rate of a river,
Imaging means for capturing an image including an image over the entire river width in the vicinity of the portion where the upstream side is high and the downstream side is low over the river width of the river,
Processing means for obtaining the flow rate of the river in the vicinity of the step, based on the image obtained by the imaging means,
The processing means includes: first means for obtaining at least one of a full width and a position of an actual watershed area of the river near the step based on the image; and an actual state of the river based on the image. Based on the second means for obtaining the water level on the high side in the vicinity of the step in the water flow area, the full width or the position obtained by the first means, and the water level obtained by the second means Te, river observation device you comprising a third means for determining the flow rate. A river observation device that detects the flow rate of a river,
An imaging means for capturing an image including an image over substantially the entire river width in the vicinity of the portion where the upstream side is high and the downstream side is low over the river width of the river; and
A first means for obtaining at least one of a full width and a position of the actual watershed area of the river in the vicinity of the step based on the image;
Water level detection means for detecting the water level of the river on the high side near the step;
River observation, comprising: a third means for obtaining the flow rate based on the full width or the position obtained by the first means and the water level obtained by the water level detecting means. apparatus. 6. The river observation apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein the water level detection means includes transmission / reception means for ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves or infrared rays. The third means obtains the flow rate using a preset relationship between the water level of the river on the high side near the step and the flow velocity of the river on the high side near the step. The river observation device according to any one of claims 4 to 6 . A river observation device that detects the flow rate of a river,
An imaging means for imaging an image including an image over the whole of the river width in the vicinity of the portion where the upstream side is high and the downstream side is low over the river width of the river; and
A first means for obtaining at least one of a full width and a position of the actual watershed area of the river in the vicinity of the step based on the image;
A second means for determining a water level on a high side in the vicinity of the step in the actual watershed area of the river based on the image;
A flow velocity detection means for detecting the flow velocity of the river on the high side in the vicinity of the step,
Third means for obtaining the flow rate based on the full width or the position obtained by the first means, the water level obtained by the second means, and the flow velocity detected by the flow velocity detection means; A river observation device characterized by comprising: A river observation device that detects the flow rate of a river,
An imaging means for capturing an image including an image over substantially the entire river width in the vicinity of the portion where the upstream side is high and the downstream side is low over the river width of the river; and
A first means for obtaining at least one of a full width and a position of the actual watershed area of the river in the vicinity of the step based on the image;
Water level detection means for detecting the water level of the river on the high side near the step;
A flow velocity detecting means for detecting a flow velocity of the river in the vicinity of the step,
Second means for obtaining the flow rate based on the full width or the position obtained by the first means, the water level obtained by the water level detection means, and the flow velocity detected by the flow velocity detection means; A river observation device characterized by comprising: The river observation apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein the water level detection means includes transmission / reception means for ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves, or infrared rays. The river observation device according to any one of claims 8 to 10 , wherein the flow velocity detection means includes transmission / reception means for ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves, or infrared rays. And flow monitoring means for detecting the flow rate of the river in at least one observation point, based on the flow rate obtained by the flow rate monitoring means, and judging means for generating an alarm signal under predetermined conditions, in response to said alarm signal And at least one alarm means for generating an alarm,
A river management system, wherein the flow rate observation means includes the river observation device according to any one of claims 4 to 11 . One of the at least one warning means is installed so as to generate a warning near a predetermined location on the downstream side with respect to a junction where a plurality of river streams meet,
The river management system according to claim 12, wherein the at least one observation location includes a predetermined location of each of the plurality of river lines.

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