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JP3726851B2 - Sludge deodorization method - Google Patents
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JP3726851B2 - Sludge deodorization method - Google Patents

Sludge deodorization method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3726851B2
JP3726851B2 JP22388696A JP22388696A JP3726851B2 JP 3726851 B2 JP3726851 B2 JP 3726851B2 JP 22388696 A JP22388696 A JP 22388696A JP 22388696 A JP22388696 A JP 22388696A JP 3726851 B2 JP3726851 B2 JP 3726851B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
sludge
hydrogen sulfide
zinc
amount
peroxide
Prior art date
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JP22388696A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH1057992A (en
Inventor
一之 湊
高嘉 浜口
年視 松本
正 下村
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Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co Inc
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Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co Inc
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、汚泥の脱臭方法に関するものである。更に詳しくは、下水、し尿または工場廃水を処理する際に発生する生汚泥、余剰汚泥、消化汚泥、凝集汚泥等やそれらの混合物より発生する臭気を迅速に少ない薬注量で除去できる方法である。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
最近の都市及び近郊への人口の密集に伴い、家庭からの一般廃水量は急激に増大している。そのため下水道の整備は急務となっておりその処理量も年々増加の一途をたどっている。これらの廃水には多量の有機、無機物が含まれ下水処理場において処理されるうちに生汚泥、余剰汚泥、消化汚泥等を産出する。
また、工場等の事業所も河川、海洋等の深刻な環境汚染に伴い排水規制が強化され所定の水質まで処理することが義務づけられているが、この事業所での凝集沈殿処理や活性汚泥処理等でも大量の汚泥が産出する。
上記のように一般家庭廃水、事業所からの廃水を処理した過程で産出された汚泥は、さまざまな有機、無機物質を含んでいる。
【0003】
このさまざまな有機、無機物質の中には、硫黄化合物が含まれている。そしてこれらの腐敗の過程で硫酸塩が生成される。汚泥中には通常硫酸還元菌が存在し汚泥中の硫酸塩を硫化水素に還元して生産活動を行っている。そして硫化水素を生成することにより汚泥は更に嫌気化し、硫酸還元菌は増殖し硫化水素の生成量は更に増大する。そして生成された硫化水素は気相へ放散される。硫化水素は、毒性のある不快な臭気を持つ物質で、作業者に対して危険であるばかりか、周辺住民への悪臭問題の原因となっている。また、硫化水素は、コンクリート施設中に付着する硫黄酸化菌や空気により酸化を受け、ミスト中に溶け込み硫酸を生成する。こうして生成した硫酸はコンクリートや金属を腐蝕し建築物の構造に致命的な欠陥をもたらす原因となっている。
さらに、腐敗の過程でメチルメルカプタンやエチルメルカプタン等のメルカプタン類が発生し、悪臭の原因となっている。
【0004】
これら臭気の発生や構造物の腐蝕を防止する手段としては、活性炭に硫化水素を吸着させる活性炭処理があるが、吸着量が飽和に達すると、新しい活性炭に交換するか再生処理する必要があり、交換作業の煩雑さと再生費用が高いなど経済性にも問題があった。
他の方法として担体に保持した生物の充填相を通過させ脱臭する方法がある。しかしこの方法は装置が大きくなる、生物の維持管理が難しいといった問題がある。
【0005】
また薬剤による方法として、過酸化水素を添加する方法があり硫化水素、メルカプタン類の除去ができるが、添加量が少量であると硫酸還元菌の殺菌を充分に行うことができず、汚泥を長時間放置しておく場合などは酸化された硫黄もしくは硫酸イオンが、硫酸還元菌により再び硫化水素を生成してしまうという問題がある。
硫化水素を金属塩として固定化してしまう方法として下記の反応式のように塩化亜鉛を添加する方法があるが、この方法は硫化水素と亜鉛イオンが等モルで反応するため、亜鉛を多量に添加しなければならないという欠点があった。
2 S+Zn2+→ZnS+2H+
更に亜鉛化合物では、メルカプタン類が除去できないという問題があった。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、従来技術における上記のような課題を解決し、汚泥中の硫化水素、メルカプタン類を温和な条件で効率良く分解除去し、悪臭の拡散及び施設の腐蝕を防止する方法の提供を目的とするものである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
発明者等は、汚泥中の臭気の除去方法を解決すべく鋭意研究した結果、汚泥に、過酸化物と亜鉛塩を添加することにより汚泥の硫化水素、メルカプタン類が効率的に除去でき、なおかつその除去に持続性が付与できることを見いだし、本発明に到達した。すなわち、本発明は汚泥中の臭気処理において過酸化物と亜鉛塩を添加することを特徴とする汚泥の脱臭方法に関するものである。
本発明による方法の第一の利点は、気相に放散された硫化水素、メルカプタン類を捕捉・除去するわけではなく液相の硫化水素に対して作用するため、装置が簡便で小型化できる点にある。すなわち、生物処理法は、生物を担持させた充填相に硫化水素、メルカプタン類を含んだガスが流入するが、硫化水素濃度が高い場合は、装置を大型化しなければならず、更に生物の維持管理が煩雑であるという欠点を有していた。しかしながら本発明方法によれば液相の硫化水素、メルカプタン類に直接作用するためにその欠点を解決することが可能となる。
【0008】
第二の利点では、過酸化水素での処理は、硫酸還元菌が多く含まれる時には硫化水素、メルカプタン類の脱臭能力の持続性がなく、硫化水素の再発生を抑えるため硫酸還元菌を殺菌することが必要で大量の過酸化水素を使用しなければならないという欠点がある。また塩化亜鉛での処理は、硫化水素のみの除去でしかも薬剤を大量に添加しなければならないという欠点を有していた。しかしながら本発明方法によれば、それぞれ単独で用いていた使用量よりも少ない量で、硫化水素、メルカプタン類を除去することが可能でその除去能力に持続性を持たせることができ、その欠点を解決することが可能になる。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
つぎに本発明の方法を具体的に説明する。本発明の汚泥は下水、し尿または工場廃水を処理する際に発生する生汚泥、余剰汚泥、消化汚泥、凝集汚泥等やそれらの混合物が含まれる。
本発明による方法では、廃水処理により産出された汚泥に過酸化物、亜鉛塩が添加される。本発明による方法で使用される過酸化物としては、過酸化水素、過酢酸、過硫酸塩、過炭酸塩、過ホウ素酸塩、その他無機、有機の過酸化物が使用し得るが、好ましくは過酸化水素または過炭酸塩が使用される。
過酸化物の添加量は、汚泥中の硫化物および硫酸還元菌の量に関係するが、一般的には例えば過酸化水素の場合100重量%換算で汚泥に対して30〜2000mg/L、過炭酸ナトリウムの場合汚泥に対して90〜6200mg/Lを添加する。
過酸化水素は35重量%、60重量%の濃度のものが市販されているが、これをそのまま使用しても良く、また汚泥と混合しやすいように希釈して使用しても良い。
【0010】
本発明による方法で使用される亜鉛塩としては、硫酸塩、硝酸塩、ハロゲン化物、過塩素酸塩、水酸化物、等の無機塩、シュウ酸塩、蟻酸塩等の有機酸塩、酸化物等が例示され、無水塩、含水塩の何れでも良い。
金属塩の使用量は、汚泥中の硫化物および硫酸還元菌の量に関係するが、一般的には金属原子の重量として汚泥に対して0.5mg/L〜50mg/Lの濃度になる量である。
【0011】
過酸化物と亜鉛塩は、同時に添加しても良いし、順次添加しても良い。また、あらかじめ混合したものを添加しても良い。
本発明による方法を効率的に行うために、過酸化物、亜鉛塩を添加する際、汚泥との混合のために攪拌することが好ましいが、その際用いられる攪拌方法としては、攪拌混合槽、攪拌翼、インラインミキサー等汚泥と過酸化物、亜鉛塩が混合できる方法であればいずれの方法でも良い。
薬剤の添加方法としては、ダイヤフラム式、プランジャー式の定量ポンプ等薬品を正確に供給できる方式であればいずれの方法でも良い。
【0012】
【実施例】
次に本発明の方法を実施例により更に具体的に説明する。但し、本発明はこれらの実施例によって限定されるものではない。
実施例1
生汚泥と余剰汚泥よりなる下水汚泥200mlに、35重量%過酸化水素57.5mg(100%過酸化水素として100mg/L)となる量の過酸化水素と、塩化亜鉛を10.4mg(亜鉛原子として25mg/L)添加混合し、処理5分後と6時間放置しておいた後、硫化水素とメチルメルカプタンをヘッドスペース法にて測定した結果を表1に示す。
比較例1
塩化亜鉛は添加せず過酸化水素のみを114mg(100%過酸化水素として200mg/L)を添加した以外は実施例1と同様な処理を行った。結果を表1に示す。
比較例2
過酸化水素は添加せず塩化亜鉛のみを20.9mg(亜鉛原子として50mg/L)添加した以外は実施例1と同様な処理を行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0013】

Figure 0003726851
過酸化水素のみでの硫化水素除去は、速効性はあるが6時間放置後は硫化水素が再復活してしまう。また、塩化亜鉛のみでは塩化亜鉛を増量しても、メチルメルカプタンの除去は充分でない。過酸化水素と塩化亜鉛で処理すると、少ない薬注量で硫化水素除去の速効性に加えて持続性が得られる。
【0014】
実施例2
工場廃水汚泥250mlに、過炭酸ナトリウムを100mg、硫酸亜鉛を2.2mg(亜鉛原子として2mg/L)添加混合し、12時間放置後、硫化水素をヘッドスペース法にて測定した結果を表2に示す。
実施例3
硫酸亜鉛を11.0mg(亜鉛原子として10mg/L)とした他は実施例2と同様な処理を行った。結果を表2に示す。
実施例4
硫酸亜鉛を22.0mg(亜鉛原子として20mg/L)とした他は実施例2と同様な処理を行った。結果を表2に示す。
比較例3
硫酸亜鉛は添加せず過炭酸ナトリウムのみを添加した他は実施例2と同様な処理を行った結果を表2に示す。
【0015】
Figure 0003726851
以上のように亜鉛塩の少量の添加でも、良好な脱臭効果が得られた。
【0016】
実施例5
消化汚泥を含む下水汚泥に対して7重量%過酸化水素を100%過酸化水素として150mg/Lとなる量添加し1分攪拌後、20%塩化亜鉛溶液を156mg/L(亜鉛原子として15mg/L)添加し脱臭処理を行った。処理5分後と4時間放置後ヘッドスペース法にて硫化水素を測定した結果を表3に示す。
実施例6
薬注の順序を20重量%塩化亜鉛溶液、7重量%過酸化水素とした他は実施例5と同様の処理を行った。結果を表3に示す。
実施例7
7重量%過酸化水素、20重量%塩化亜鉛溶液を同時に添加した他は実施例5と同様の処理を行った。結果を表3に示す。
【0017】
Figure 0003726851
以上のように過酸化物と亜鉛塩の添加の順序による効果の相違がないことがわかった。
【0018】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、少ない薬注量で汚泥の硫化水素、メルカプタン類の臭気を瞬時に除去でき、更にその効果を持続させることができる。その結果、有害で不快臭を持つ硫化水素の放散は大幅に抑えられ、更にセメント、金属等の腐蝕を防止するための実用的な方法を提供できる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for deodorizing sludge. More specifically, it is a method that can quickly remove odor generated from raw sludge, surplus sludge, digested sludge, agglomerated sludge, etc., and mixtures thereof generated when treating sewage, human waste or factory wastewater with a small amount of chemical injection. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
With recent population congestion in cities and suburbs, the amount of general wastewater from households is increasing rapidly. Therefore, the development of sewerage has become an urgent task, and the amount of treatment has been increasing year by year. These wastewaters contain a large amount of organic and inorganic substances and produce raw sludge, surplus sludge, digested sludge, etc. while being treated at the sewage treatment plant.
Also, establishments such as factories are obliged to treat wastewater to a certain level of water quality due to severe environmental pollution such as rivers and oceans. Etc., a large amount of sludge is produced.
As described above, sludge produced in the process of treating general household wastewater and wastewater from business establishments contains various organic and inorganic substances.
[0003]
These various organic and inorganic substances contain sulfur compounds. In the course of these decays, sulfate is produced. In the sludge, there are usually sulfate-reducing bacteria, and production activities are carried out by reducing sulfate in the sludge to hydrogen sulfide. By producing hydrogen sulfide, the sludge is made more anaerobic, and sulfate-reducing bacteria grow and the amount of hydrogen sulfide produced further increases. The produced hydrogen sulfide is released into the gas phase. Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic and unpleasant odorous substance that is not only dangerous for workers but also causes odor problems to the surrounding residents. In addition, hydrogen sulfide is oxidized by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and air adhering to the concrete facility, and dissolved in mist to generate sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid produced in this way corrodes concrete and metal and causes fatal defects in the structure of buildings.
Furthermore, mercaptans such as methyl mercaptan and ethyl mercaptan are generated in the process of decay, causing malodor.
[0004]
As a means to prevent the generation of these odors and corrosion of structures, there is activated carbon treatment that adsorbs hydrogen sulfide on activated carbon, but when the adsorption amount reaches saturation, it is necessary to replace it with new activated carbon or regenerate it, There were also problems in economy, such as complicated replacement work and high regeneration costs.
As another method, there is a method of deodorizing by passing the packed phase of the organism held on the carrier. However, this method has a problem that the apparatus becomes large and it is difficult to maintain the organism.
[0005]
As a chemical method, hydrogen peroxide can be added to remove hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans. However, if the addition amount is small, the sulfate-reducing bacteria cannot be sufficiently sterilized and sludge is prolonged. When left for a long time, there is a problem that oxidized sulfur or sulfate ions generate hydrogen sulfide again by sulfate-reducing bacteria.
As a method of immobilizing hydrogen sulfide as a metal salt, there is a method of adding zinc chloride as shown in the following reaction formula, but this method adds a large amount of zinc because hydrogen sulfide and zinc ions react in equimolar amounts. There was a drawback that had to be done.
H 2 S + Zn 2+ → ZnS + 2H +
Furthermore, the zinc compound has a problem that mercaptans cannot be removed.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for solving the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, efficiently decomposing and removing hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans in sludge under mild conditions, and preventing the spread of malodor and corrosion of facilities. It is intended.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of earnest research to solve the odor removal method in the sludge, the inventors have been able to efficiently remove hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans in the sludge by adding peroxide and zinc salt to the sludge, and It has been found that sustainability can be imparted to the removal, and the present invention has been achieved. That is, the present invention relates to a method for deodorizing sludge, characterized by adding a peroxide and a zinc salt in odor treatment in sludge.
The first advantage of the method according to the present invention is that it does not capture and remove hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans diffused in the gas phase, but acts on liquid phase hydrogen sulfide, so that the apparatus can be simplified and miniaturized. It is in. That is, in the biological treatment method, a gas containing hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans flows into the packed phase carrying the organism, but when the hydrogen sulfide concentration is high, the apparatus must be enlarged and the organism maintained. It had the disadvantage of complicated management. However, according to the method of the present invention, since it acts directly on liquid phase hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans, it is possible to solve the disadvantages.
[0008]
The second advantage is that the treatment with hydrogen peroxide does not sustain the deodorizing ability of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans when many sulfate-reducing bacteria are contained, and sterilizes the sulfate-reducing bacteria to suppress the reoccurrence of hydrogen sulfide. The disadvantage is that a large amount of hydrogen peroxide must be used. Also, the treatment with zinc chloride has the disadvantage that only hydrogen sulfide is removed and a large amount of chemical must be added. However, according to the method of the present invention, hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans can be removed in an amount smaller than the amount used alone, and the removal ability can be made persistent. It becomes possible to solve.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, the method of the present invention will be specifically described. The sludge of the present invention includes raw sludge, surplus sludge, digested sludge, agglomerated sludge, and the like, which are generated when sewage, human waste or factory wastewater is treated.
In the method according to the present invention, peroxide and zinc salt are added to sludge produced by wastewater treatment. As the peroxide used in the method according to the present invention, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, persulfate, percarbonate, perborate, and other inorganic and organic peroxides can be used. Hydrogen peroxide or percarbonate is used.
The amount of peroxide added is related to the amount of sulfide and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the sludge. In general, for example, in the case of hydrogen peroxide, the amount of peroxide is 30 to 2000 mg / L with respect to the sludge in terms of 100% by weight. In the case of sodium carbonate, 90 to 6200 mg / L is added to sludge.
Hydrogen peroxide having a concentration of 35% by weight and 60% by weight is commercially available, but it may be used as it is, or may be used after being diluted so as to be easily mixed with sludge.
[0010]
Zinc salts used in the method according to the present invention include inorganic salts such as sulfates, nitrates, halides, perchlorates and hydroxides, organic acid salts such as oxalates and formates, oxides, etc. And may be either an anhydrous salt or a hydrated salt.
The amount of metal salt used is related to the amount of sulfide and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the sludge, but generally the amount of metal atoms in the concentration of 0.5 mg / L to 50 mg / L with respect to the sludge. It is.
[0011]
The peroxide and zinc salt may be added simultaneously or sequentially. Moreover, you may add what was mixed beforehand.
In order to efficiently carry out the method according to the present invention, it is preferable to stir for mixing with sludge when adding peroxides and zinc salts. Any method may be used as long as it can mix sludge, peroxide, and zinc salt, such as a stirring blade or an in-line mixer.
As a method for adding the drug, any method may be used as long as it can accurately supply chemicals such as a diaphragm type or plunger type metering pump.
[0012]
【Example】
Next, the method of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
In 200 ml of sewage sludge composed of raw sludge and excess sludge, hydrogen peroxide in an amount of 57.5 mg (100 mg / L as 100% hydrogen peroxide) and 10.4 mg of zinc chloride (zinc atoms) Table 1 shows the results of measurement of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan by the headspace method after 5 minutes and 6 hours of treatment, and after standing for 6 hours.
Comparative Example 1
The same treatment as in Example 1 was performed, except that no zinc chloride was added and 114 mg of hydrogen peroxide alone (200 mg / L as 100% hydrogen peroxide) was added. The results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative Example 2
The same treatment as in Example 1 was performed, except that 20.9 mg of zinc chloride alone (50 mg / L as zinc atoms) was added without adding hydrogen peroxide. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0013]
Figure 0003726851
Removal of hydrogen sulfide with hydrogen peroxide alone is fast-acting, but hydrogen sulfide is re-instated after being left for 6 hours. Further, with only zinc chloride, removal of methyl mercaptan is not sufficient even if the amount of zinc chloride is increased. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide and zinc chloride provides sustainability in addition to rapid removal of hydrogen sulfide with a small dosage.
[0014]
Example 2
Table 2 shows the results of measuring hydrogen sulfide by the headspace method after adding 100 mg of sodium percarbonate and 2.2 mg of zinc sulfate (2 mg / L as zinc atoms) to 250 ml of factory wastewater sludge. Show.
Example 3
The same treatment as in Example 2 was performed except that 11.0 mg of zinc sulfate (10 mg / L as zinc atoms) was used. The results are shown in Table 2.
Example 4
The same treatment as in Example 2 was performed, except that zinc sulfate was changed to 22.0 mg (20 mg / L as zinc atoms). The results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative Example 3
Table 2 shows the results of the same treatment as in Example 2, except that zinc sulfate was not added and only sodium percarbonate was added.
[0015]
Figure 0003726851
As described above, even when a small amount of zinc salt was added, a good deodorizing effect was obtained.
[0016]
Example 5
Add 7 wt% hydrogen peroxide as 100% hydrogen peroxide to 150 mg / L to sewage sludge containing digested sludge and stir for 1 minute, then add 156 mg / L of 20% zinc chloride solution (15 mg / L as zinc atoms) L) Added and deodorized. Table 3 shows the results of measuring hydrogen sulfide by the headspace method after 5 minutes of treatment and after standing for 4 hours.
Example 6
The same treatment as in Example 5 was performed except that the order of chemical injection was changed to 20 wt% zinc chloride solution and 7 wt% hydrogen peroxide. The results are shown in Table 3.
Example 7
The same treatment as in Example 5 was performed except that 7 wt% hydrogen peroxide and 20 wt% zinc chloride solution were added simultaneously. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0017]
Figure 0003726851
As described above, it was found that there was no difference in the effect depending on the order of addition of peroxide and zinc salt.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, odors of sludge hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans can be instantaneously removed with a small chemical injection amount, and the effect can be further maintained. As a result, the emission of harmful and unpleasant hydrogen sulfide is greatly suppressed, and a practical method for preventing the corrosion of cement, metal, etc. can be provided.

Claims (1)

硫化水素及びメルカプタン類を含有する汚泥に過酸化水素を過酸化水素100重量%換算で汚泥に対して30〜2000mg/L塩化亜鉛を亜鉛原子の重量として汚泥に対して0.5〜50mg/Lを添加することを特徴とする汚泥の脱臭方法。Hydrogen peroxide is added to the sludge containing hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans in an amount of 30 to 2000 mg / L with respect to the sludge in terms of hydrogen peroxide of 100% by weight, and 0.5 to 50 mg / L with respect to the sludge with zinc chloride as the zinc atom weight A method for deodorizing sludge, comprising adding L.
JP22388696A 1996-08-26 1996-08-26 Sludge deodorization method Expired - Fee Related JP3726851B2 (en)

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JP22388696A JP3726851B2 (en) 1996-08-26 1996-08-26 Sludge deodorization method

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP22388696A JP3726851B2 (en) 1996-08-26 1996-08-26 Sludge deodorization method

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JPH1057992A JPH1057992A (en) 1998-03-03
JP3726851B2 true JP3726851B2 (en) 2005-12-14

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