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JP3727705B2 - Microwave plasma generator - Google Patents
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JP3727705B2 - Microwave plasma generator - Google Patents

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JP3727705B2
JP3727705B2 JP02776896A JP2776896A JP3727705B2 JP 3727705 B2 JP3727705 B2 JP 3727705B2 JP 02776896 A JP02776896 A JP 02776896A JP 2776896 A JP2776896 A JP 2776896A JP 3727705 B2 JP3727705 B2 JP 3727705B2
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Prior art keywords
mold
microwave
plasma
gas
processing tank
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JPH09223596A (en
Inventor
伸二 斉藤
信吾 大野
信子 加藤
壽夫 内藤
▲靖▼浩 堀池
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Bridgestone Corp
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Bridgestone Corp
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Priority to JP02776896A priority Critical patent/JP3727705B2/en
Priority to DE69706573T priority patent/DE69706573T2/en
Priority to EP97102414A priority patent/EP0790113B1/en
Priority to ES97102414T priority patent/ES2164947T3/en
Priority to US08/802,429 priority patent/US5855728A/en
Publication of JPH09223596A publication Critical patent/JPH09223596A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D30/00Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
    • B29D30/06Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
    • B29D30/0601Vulcanising tyres; Vulcanising presses for tyres
    • B29D30/0662Accessories, details or auxiliary operations
    • B29D2030/0663Mould maintenance, e.g. cleaning, washing, repairing

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  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
この発明は、内側表面に被処理面を有する環状の被処理体を収容する真空処理槽と、該処理槽内に収容した被処理体の被処理面に対しマイクロ波プラズマ領域を形成させるためのプラズマ生成手段とを備えるマイクロ波プラズマ発生装置に関し、特に被処理体が、ゴムタイヤ、防振ゴムなどのゴム製品及びその他のエラストマとしてのプラスチック製品の加硫成形に際し、繰返し用いる金型内側の成形表面、分割金型の場合は合せ面も含めた表面及び凹部や穴に不可避的に形成されるエラストマ残滓を有する加硫金型の場合に適合し、この加硫残滓を有利に除去するためのマイクロ波プラズマ発生装置につき、加硫金型に対する不利な劣化、損傷を伴うことなく、またプラズマ分布の不均一領域形成にわずらわされることなく、高能率で安定した均一な残滓処理が可能な上記装置を提供するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
被処理体が加硫金型の場合を例として、既に本出願人は特開平6−285868号公報にて詳述したように、エラストマ製品、とりわけゴムタイヤ製品(以降単にタイヤと記す)や防振ゴム製品などは要求性能を満たすため、天然ゴム、合成ゴム又はこれらのブレンドゴムに架橋剤としての硫黄と補強材としてのカーボンブラックとを配合するほか、加硫促進剤や各種耐久性保持のための各種薬品を配合する必要がある。
【0003】
このようにして調合した未加硫ゴム組成物を加硫成形する際、一般的に200℃に近い高温度で架橋反応などの化学反応を生じさせるので、ゴム組成物は流動性を増すばかりでなく一部はガス化し、その結果加硫金型の成形表面はもとより、金型の合せ面の極く狭い隙間や空気抜きのいわゆるベントホールなどの穴などにもゴム組成物及びその化学反応生成物が加硫成形の都度、微量ながら残滓物として強固に付着するのは不可避である。この加硫成形を多数回にわたり繰返すことにより残滓物は看過し得ないほどの厚さで堆積する。このことはゴム組成物に限らず他のエラストマについても大同小異で同様に生じる。
【0004】
加硫金型に強固に付着堆積した厚い加硫残滓はタイヤの外観を損ねるのみに止まらず、タイヤ全体の優れた品質保持に対し悪影響を及ぼす。よって加硫成形を所定回数だけ実施した加硫金型を新品同様に清浄する作業が必要であり、この作業法としてプラスチックビーズやグラスビーズなどの粒体を高圧ガスにより吹き当てるショットブラスト清浄法、又は酸、アルカリ、アミン系などの溶液中に浸す液体清浄法が主流を占めていたところ、これらの清浄法による各種の不利な点を大幅に改善するため、本出願人は上記特開平6−285868号公報に記載したプラズマによる加硫金型清浄方法を提案し、顕著に優れた成果を得ている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしこの成果を突き詰めてみると、下記する諸点につきさらに改善を施す余地があることを見出した。
すなわちその第一点は、清浄を必要とする加硫金型の型形成面に、特殊なタイヤ種は別としても一般にはタイヤに対する要求特性の十分な発揮に必要不可欠な太溝、細溝、スリットなどをトレッド部に形成するための多数個のリブやサイプ(細条片)などの突起物を設けていて、プラズマがこれらの突起物に遮られて清浄面対象全領域にわたる加硫残滓の均一なアッシング(灰化)が損なわれ勝ちであることである。
【0006】
また本出願人は、特願平7−19072号に係わる明細書、特願平7−29158号に係わる明細書及び特願平7−52480号に係わる明細書にて、高周波電力を印加する一方の電極を円筒状に構成し、又はその外周面に多数個のフィンを備える構成として、他方の電極としての加硫金型の内側表面との間で放電によるプラズマを生起させて残滓部を均一に灰化する装置及び方法を提案した。
【0007】
しかし、以下に述べる諸点は放電領域内に加硫金型を位置させるために生じる不利な点であり、すなわちその第二点は、しばしば不均一放電領域が形成されて、均一なアッシング処理が阻害され勝ちであること、
第三点は、時に上記不均一放電に基づき加硫金型の温度が、例えば200℃以上になる現象が生じ、これが金型の精度を損ねる他、金型の劣化、損傷をもたらすこと、
第四点は、第三点との関連もあり、加硫金型の温度制御が困難であること、
そして第五点は、清浄対象外の表面まで放電領域にさらす結果となるため、この表面部分に劣化を生じさせ、また損傷を与えるうれいがあることである。
【0008】
そこで上述した不利な第一点〜第五点を改善するため、本出願人はさらに特願平7−107517号に係わる明細書にて、真空処理槽に中性活性種(ラジカル)を供給するプラズマ発生炉と、該炉に流入する反応ガスをマイクロ波放電プラズマにより中性活性種を含むガスとするマイクロ波発生装置とをそれぞれ設け、プラズマ発生炉にて発生した中性活性種を導管にて処理槽内に導入し、導入した中性活性種を加硫金型の残滓面全面に向け一様に噴出させ、噴出した中性活性種ガスによりエラストマ残滓をアッシングする方法を提案した。
【0009】
上記の新しい清浄方法による加硫金型の清浄は上記の不利な諸点の改善に関し著しい効果を発揮しているが、この清浄作業を通じてさらに改善を要する点が明らかになった。すなわち上記方法では、プラズマ発生炉にて発生した中性活性種を多く含むガスを導管を介して処理槽内に供給する間に、中性活性種の一部分が失活するため、アッシング効率が低下するという不利な点である。
【0010】
従ってこの発明の目的は、上述した不利な諸点全ての改善を目指し、加硫金型の型形成面の形状や大きさに制約を加えることなく、また加硫金型に不利な影響を及ぼすことなく、顕著に高い効率の下で均一な残滓アッシングを実現することが可能なマイクロ波プラズマ発生装置を提供することにある。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、この発明によるマイクロ波プラズマ発生装置は、冒頭に記載した装置において、
プラズマ生成手段は、上記プラズマ領域に反応ガスを供給するガス供給部と、マイクロ波放射装置とを有し、
マイクロ波放射装置は、マイクロ波発生源と、
プラズマ領域の内側にて被処理体の被処理面と対向して位置し、外側に複数個のカップリングスロットを形成した、マイクロ波発生源からのマイクロ波が内部に伝送される環状キャビティとを備え、
前記真空処理槽は、被処理体の被処理面に対向する円柱状凹部を有し、前記環状キャビティを、この凹部の中に凹部と同心状に配置し、環状キャビティの外周面に対向する凹部周面部分を非導電材よりなる窓部分で構成してなることを特徴とする。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、この発明によるマイクロ波プラズマ発生装置の一実施例を図1〜図3に基づき詳細に説明する。
図1は、真空処理槽及びプラズマ生成手段を有するマイクロ波プラズマ発生装置の前者の要部縦断面を図解して示すと共に後者を簡略図解して示し、合せて処理槽内に収容した環状の被処理体、この例では加硫金型の断面を示す説明図であり、図2は図1に示す、カップリングスロットを有する環状キャビティの斜視図であり、そして図3は線図的要部平面図である。
【0013】
図1において、真空処理槽1は下方位置にて相互に上下に分離自在で、かつシール結合自在な上部容器2−1と下部容器2−2とを有する容器2を備え、上部容器2−1は、中央部で処理(以下清浄という)位置にある加硫金型(以下金型という)15の内側に突出して金型15の内周表面と対向する円柱状凹部2cを有し、かつ下部容器2−2に対し上方に向け昇降自在である。凹部2cはその底部が処清浄位置にある金型15の下側面レベル近傍に位置する深さを有する。
【0014】
下部容器2−2は図示を省略した真空ポンプに接続する吸引部3を具備する。加硫金型15の清浄作業を開始するに先立ちこの真空ポンプを稼働させ、容器2内部の空気を吸引部3を介し図の矢印Aの向きに排気して、容器2内部の空気圧を例えば10-1〜10-5Torrのいわゆる中真空〜高真空とする。なお図示例の真空処理槽1は下部容器2−2を、ホイールコンベヤ5と共に、例えば複数本の支柱4(図では2本のみを示す)により床面Fsなどに固定支持する。ホイールコンベヤ5が定盤16上に据えた清浄対象の金型15を保持する。
【0015】
マイクロ波プラズマ発生装置はプラズマ生成手段としてマイクロ波放射装置6を有し、該装置6は、上部容器2−1の凹部2cの底部近傍で金型15の内側表面15sに対向する位置に配置した環状キャビティ7と、マイクロ波発生源8と、マイクロ波発生源8が起動して発生させたマイクロ波をキャビティ7内部に電磁結合させる中空の矩形導波管9とを有する。キャビティ7は金属製で空洞共振器を形成し、形状は中空円柱状又は中空多角柱状をなす。
【0016】
マイクロ波発生源8は周波数300MHz〜30GHzの範囲内、望ましくは1GHz〜10GHzの範囲内のマイクロ波を発生して出力し、このマイクロ波出力は矩形導波管9内部を通ってキャビティ7内部に伝送される。矩形導波管9から環状キャビティ7にマイクロ波を伝達するには、例えば導電性カプラーロッドを介する方法などが有効である。キャビティ7の内部空洞高さは、例えば周波数2.45GHzのマイクロ波の場合、6.12cm以上の高さが好ましい。
【0017】
図1及び図2を合せ参照して、この例では中空円柱状キャビティ7は外周部7u側に多数本の縦配列カップリングスロット12を有し、該スロット12は空洞部に連通する。またキャビティ7を形成する金属の厚さを特定する必要はない反面、内周部7iの内面における円周長さは、マイクロ波周波数とキャビティ7の空洞部の高さとにより定まる空洞内波長の1/2の整数倍の値であるのが好ましく、そのときキャビティ7の空洞内にマイクロ波の定常波が発生する。この定常波の節に相当する位置にカップリングスロット12を設けるのが効果的である。例えば空洞内波長の1/4波長をカプラーロッドなどのマイクロ波導入口から隔てる位置と、この位置を基準として空洞内波長の1/2波長宛隔てた位置とにカップリングスロット12を設ける。
【0018】
さらにプラズマ生成手段は金型15の被処理面に対するマイクロ波プラズマ領域に反応ガスを供給するガス供給部を有し、この供給部は図1及び図3を合せ参照して、符号10にて示す多数個の反応ガス噴出容器、この例では多数の対をなす反応ガス噴出パイプ10である。符号11は非導電材、例えばアルミナ又は石英からなり、容器2の凹部2cの側面の少なくとも一部を構成する窓部分であり、プラズマ発生に寄与する。この窓部分11は凹部2cの底部から金型15の内側表面高さ近傍、すなわち清浄対象領域高さ近傍に至る間に配置する。
【0019】
反応ガス噴出パイプ10は、図示するように処理槽1内部で窓部分11と金型15の内側表面15sとの間、すなわち環状キャビティ7と金型15の内側表面15sとの間に位置し、かつ図示例ではカップリングスロット12の両側に対として配置する。これらパイプ10の対を図示を省略した1本の環状パイプに連通させて固着し、この環状パイプを反応ガス導入パイプ10aに連結し、供給された反応ガスをパイプ10が受容する。各対のパイプ10は互いに対向する位置に小穴を有し、上記環状パイプを経てパイプ10に供給された反応ガスは小穴を介して矢印B(図3参照)にて示す向き、すなわち金型15の内側表面15sに向け噴出する。
【0020】
以上述べたマイクロ波プラズマ発生装置を作動させると、矩形導波管9を経てマイクロ波発生源8から伝送されたマイクロ波はカップリングスロット12を介して金型15の内側表面15sに向け十分な電磁波エネルギを半径方向に放射し、併せてパイプ10から反応ガスを噴出させると、電磁波エネルギにより反応ガスはプラズマ化されて、高密度なプラズマガスと十分な濃度をもつ中性活性種ガスを生成する。
【0021】
この中性活性種ガスは余分な経路を経ることなく清浄対象の金型の残滓内側表面に到達するため、途中での失活は極めて少なく、さらに中性活性種ガスのみならずプラズマ発生部と被処理部である金型内側表面とが接近しているためにプラズマガス自体も被処理面に到達し、アッシング作用に寄与することができる。その上電磁波を放射するのみであるから勿論異常放電は生じず、異常放電に伴う不利の一切を排除することができ、余分な電力を消費せず均一なプラズマガスを中性活性種ガスと共に高密度で発生させることが可能であり、その結果、高度に高い効率の下で加硫残滓に対するアッシング作用を実現することができる。
【0022】
反応ガスが、酸素ガス単体又は酸素ガスを主成分とするハロゲン化物ガスとの混合ガスのいずれか一方のガスからなれば、アッシング処理効率の一層の向上に寄与する。ここに反応ガスの酸素ガスはO2 、O3 の何れもが適合し、またハロゲン化物ガスとしてはF(フッ素)、Cl(塩素)、Br(臭素)、I(ヨウ素)などを含有するあらゆるガスを使用することができる。また真空処理槽1にガスとして供給できればよいため標準状態(25℃、1atm)で必ずしもガスである必要ななく、例えば液体状態であってもよい。特にフロンやNF3 、SF6 が好適に用いられ、とりわけCF4 (四フッ化炭素)が効果的である。
【0023】
プラズマガス及び/又は中性活性種ガスの密度が所望の値となるように、マイクロ波電源8におけるマイクロ波周波数及び供給電力量と反応ガスの流入量(SCCM)とを選定する。酸素ガスのみ、又は主成分の酸素ガスと従成分のハロゲン化物ガス、好適にはCF4 ガスとの混合ガスのいずれかを反応ガスとして、酸素(O、O2 、O3 )ラジカル、CF4 ラジカルを得る。アッシング処理中は真空ポンプを動作させて常時吸引部3から矢印Aの向きに真空処理槽1内のガス排気を継続させ、常に処理槽1内部の圧力を0.01〜10Torrの範囲内で一定圧力に保持する。
【0024】
図1において、符号17は金型15を加熱する加熱源としての温度制御用ジャッケトであり、このジャッケト17の内部空間17jに高温ガス又はスチームなどの加熱媒体を供給し、好適には金型15を100〜180℃の範囲内で所望の温度に加温し保持する。金型15をこの高温度で保持すればアッシング反応速度がより一層早まるため、プラズマアッシング処理時間を大幅に短縮することに寄与する。なお図示は省略したが金型15は温度測定用センサを備え、処理槽1の外部でジャッケト17の加熱媒体の温度及び/又は流量制御及び金型15の温度制御をそれぞれ実施し、これらとジャッケト17とを合せて金型15の温度制御系を構成する。
【0025】
金型15は一体として図示しているが、この例ではいわゆる割りモールドのうち外周側を分割形成する多数個、例えば3〜20個のセグメントを、金属製、例えばスチール製の支持搬送用定盤16上面に、実際の使用時と同じ状態に仮組みしたところを示している。
【0026】
またタイヤのトレッド部に踏面及び各種溝やスリットを形成する部分には一般にアルミニューム合金を適用し、実際に使用する際はこの合金部分をスチール製保持部材に取付けて上述のセグメントとするものであり、この発明では上記合金部分のみの場合とセグメントの場合との両方を含めて金型15と呼ぶ。
【0027】
金型15が割りモールドである場合は図示のセグメントモールドの上下に一対のサイドモールドを組み合わせてモールド本体とする。このモールド本体を加硫金型15としてプラズマ清浄を施すこともでき、さらに円周上に分割面を有する、いわゆる上下2つ合せモールド及び多数個のセグメントモールドのうちの一個分何れにもこの発明を適用することができる。
【0028】
図示を省略したが定盤16は、多数個のセグメントを仮組みする際又は割りモールド本体や上下2つ合せモールドを据え置く際、セグメントの集合体又はこれらモールドを所定位置に据えるための機構を備え、さらに定盤16は、集合体としての金型15又はこれらモールドとしての金型15を凹部2cの中心軸線に対し心出しをする機構を備える。後者の機構は金型15及び定盤16を支持するホイールコンベヤ5に設けた心出し装置と心出し係合する。
【0029】
金型15の処理槽1内への導入は、上部容器2−1を上昇移動させた状態で、予め処理槽1の外部で定盤16上に仮組み乃至据え置いた金型15を定盤16と共に、図示を省略した別の同様ホイールコンベヤ上で図示位置まで搬送し、同時に心出しを実施する。
【0030】
図4は、図1に示す装置の反応ガス噴出パイプ10を縦長の容器10−1に変え、この容器10−1の内側を窓部分11の一部とした変形例の図1同様な説明図である。この場合、容器10−1内部でプラズマが発生し、発生したプラズマガス及び中性活性種ガスの少なくとも一方のガスが噴出口より金型15の内側表面15sに向け(図の矢印Bの向きに)噴き出される。図4に示す装置も先に述べた通りの動作と作用効果をもつ。なお図1、図4に示すキャビティ7と矩形導波管9とを処理槽1内部に収容する構成を有する装置とすることも可能である。
【0031】
【実施例】
図1〜図3示す装置に従い、定盤16上にて温度調節用ジャッケト17に8個のセグメントよりなる最大内径が550mmの金型15を収容し、これらを真空処理槽1内に据え置いた後、容器2−1、2−2を相互に密封固着してから真空ポンプを動作させ、処理槽1内部の圧力を2×10-3Torrまで減圧した。
【0032】
反応ガスをO2 ガス及びCF4 ガスの混合ガスとし、前者は1000SCCM、後者は500SCCMの割合で流入させ、処理槽1内のプラズマガス圧力を1.0Torrに保持した。マイクロ波発生源8から周波数2.45GHzのマイクロ波を出力し、このマイクロ波を矩形導波管9を介しキャビティ7に伝送し、キャビティ7から放射する電磁波エネルギによりプラズマを生成し、酸素ラジカルを主体とするプラズマを金型15の内側表面に作用させた。キャビティ7に設けたカップリングスロット12の高さを6.12cmとし、マイクロ波の出力は6kWである。
【0033】
この実施例では後述する比較例との対比のためジャケット17による金型15に対する温度制御を一切施さず、金型15の温度はプラズマがもつエネルギによる自然昇温にまかせ、アッシング処理時間は60分及び120分の2種類とした。処理終了時の灰化性を5点法により目視評価採点し(5点満点で値が大なるほど良い)、そして洗浄度は灰化後処理面を水洗して灰分(金属に対し殆ど粘着性をもたない無機金属塩、例えばZn SO4 など)を洗い流した後、やはり目視による上記5点法に従い採点した。
【0034】
実施例の効果を検証するため、先に触れた本出願人による特願平7−107517号に係わる明細書に従う比較例によるアッシング処理を実施した。比較例の処理条件は全て実施例に合せ、評価項目及び判定方法も実施例に従った。実施例及び比較例の処理をそれぞれ10回行い、各回毎に測定、評価を実施した。この結果を表1にまとめて示す。
【0035】
【表1】

Figure 0003727705
【0036】
表1から、同じ処理時間で実施例の灰化性及び洗浄度は何れも比較例のそれらに比し格段に優れた値を示していることがわかる。このことはとりもなおさず、この発明による金型の加硫残滓の清浄方法は先の出願による方法に比し処理効率が格段に改善されることの証である。。
【0037】
【発明の効果】
この発明によれば、エラストマの繰返し加硫成形により金型表面に形成されたエラストマ残滓面に対しキャビティから直接マイクロ波を放射すると共にエラストマ残滓面とキャビティとの間の真空処理槽空間に反応ガスを噴出させて反応ガスをプラズマ化し、プラズマガス及び中性活性種ガスの少なくとも一方のガスを残滓面に直接噴き当てるので、加硫金型の損傷やプラズマガスの密度低下、中性活性種の失活などの不利を排除して、高度な電力効率の下に短い処理時間で、均一かつ有効に残滓をアッシングすることが可能なマイクロ波プラズマ発生装置を提供することができる。またこの発明による装置は、金型の加硫残滓のアッシング処理に限定することなく、他の種の被処理体にプラズマ処理を施すにあたり上に述べた通りの優位な処理性能を発揮し、顕著な効率向上を達成することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明によるマイクロ波プラズマ発生装置の要部断面及び概要を示す説明図である。
【図2】図1に示すキャビティ及び矩形導波管の斜視図である。
【図3】図1に示す装置要部の平面図である。
【図4】図1に示す装置の変形例を図1同様にあらわした説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 真空処理槽
2 容器
2c 凹部
2−1 上部容器
2−2 下部容器
3 吸引部
4 支柱
5 ホイールコンベヤ
6 マイクロ波放射装置
7 キャビティ
8 マイクロ波発生源
9 矩形導波管
10 反応ガス噴出パイプ
10a 反応ガス導入パイプ
10−1 中性活性種噴出用容器(プラズマ発生炉)
11 窓部分
12 カップリングスロット
15 加硫金型
15s 内側表面
16 定盤
17 ジャケット
A 排気方向
B 中性活性種噴出方向[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention provides a vacuum processing tank for storing an annular target object having a processing surface on its inner surface, and a microwave plasma region for forming a processing target surface of the target object stored in the processing tank. The present invention relates to a microwave plasma generator having a plasma generating means, and in particular, a molded surface inside a mold that is used repeatedly when a material to be treated is vulcanized for rubber products such as rubber tires and anti-vibration rubber and other plastic products as elastomers. In the case of split molds, it is suitable for vulcanization molds that have elastomer residues that are inevitably formed on the surface including the mating surface and in the recesses and holes, and for micro-removal to advantageously remove these vulcanization residues. The wave plasma generator is highly efficient and stable without adverse deterioration and damage to the vulcanization mold and without being disturbed by the formation of a nonuniform region of the plasma distribution. And in which uniform residue processing to provide the device as possible.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Taking the case where the object to be treated is a vulcanization mold as an example, the present applicant has already explained in detail in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-285868, an elastomer product, in particular, a rubber tire product (hereinafter simply referred to as a tire) or a vibration proof. In order to satisfy the required performance of rubber products, natural rubber, synthetic rubber or blended rubbers are blended with sulfur as a crosslinking agent and carbon black as a reinforcing material, as well as for vulcanization accelerators and various durability retention. It is necessary to add various chemicals.
[0003]
When the vulcanized rubber composition thus prepared is vulcanized and molded, a chemical reaction such as a crosslinking reaction is generally caused at a high temperature close to 200 ° C., so that the rubber composition not only increases the fluidity. As a result, the rubber composition and its chemical reaction products are gasified, and as a result, not only on the molding surface of the vulcanization mold, but also on a very narrow gap on the mating surface of the mold or a hole such as a vent hole for venting air However, it is inevitable that the material adheres firmly as a residue in each vulcanization molding. By repeating this vulcanization molding many times, the residue is deposited with a thickness that cannot be overlooked. This occurs not only in the rubber composition but also in other elastomers with the same difference.
[0004]
A thick vulcanization residue that adheres and accumulates firmly on the vulcanization mold not only impairs the appearance of the tire, but also has an adverse effect on the excellent quality maintenance of the entire tire. Therefore, it is necessary to clean the vulcanization mold that has been vulcanized and molded a predetermined number of times like a new one, and as this work method, shot blast cleaning method in which particles such as plastic beads and glass beads are sprayed with high pressure gas, Alternatively, liquid cleaning methods that immerse in solutions such as acids, alkalis, and amines dominate, and in order to greatly improve the various disadvantages of these cleaning methods, the present applicant has disclosed the above-mentioned JP-A-6- The vulcanization mold cleaning method using plasma described in Japanese Patent No. 285868 has been proposed, and has achieved remarkable results.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when I scrutinized this result, I found that there is room for further improvements in the following points.
That is, the first point is that on the mold forming surface of the vulcanization mold that requires cleaning, apart from special tire types, in general, large grooves, narrow grooves that are indispensable for fully exhibiting the required characteristics for the tire, Protrusions such as ribs and sipes (strips) for forming slits etc. in the tread part are provided, and the plasma is blocked by these protrusions, and the vulcanization residue over the entire area of the clean surface Uniform ashing (ashing) is likely to be impaired.
[0006]
In addition, the applicant applies high-frequency power in the specification related to Japanese Patent Application No. 7-19072, the specification related to Japanese Patent Application No. 7-29158, and the specification related to Japanese Patent Application No. 7-52480. The electrode is configured in a cylindrical shape or has a large number of fins on its outer peripheral surface, and plasma is generated by discharge between the inner surface of the vulcanization mold as the other electrode and the residue is made uniform An apparatus and method for ashing was proposed.
[0007]
However, the following points are disadvantages caused by positioning the vulcanizing mold in the discharge region, that is, the second point is that a non-uniform discharge region is often formed, and the uniform ashing process is hindered. Being won,
The third point is that the temperature of the vulcanization mold sometimes becomes 200 ° C. or more, for example, based on the non-uniform discharge, which not only deteriorates the precision of the mold but also causes deterioration and damage of the mold.
The fourth point is related to the third point, and it is difficult to control the temperature of the vulcanization mold.
And the fifth point is that the surface that is not the object to be cleaned is exposed to the discharge region, so that the surface portion may be deteriorated and damaged.
[0008]
Therefore, in order to improve the above disadvantageous first to fifth points, the present applicant further supplies neutral active species (radicals) to the vacuum processing tank in the specification relating to Japanese Patent Application No. 7-107517. A plasma generating furnace and a microwave generating apparatus that uses a reactive gas flowing into the furnace as a gas containing neutral active species by microwave discharge plasma are provided, and the neutral active species generated in the plasma generating furnace are connected to a conduit. The neutral activated species introduced into the treatment tank was uniformly ejected over the entire residue surface of the vulcanization mold, and the elastomer residue was ashed by the ejected neutral activated species gas.
[0009]
Cleaning of the vulcanization mold by the above-mentioned new cleaning method has shown a remarkable effect on improvement of the above disadvantages, but it has become clear that further improvement is required through this cleaning operation. That is, in the above method, the ashing efficiency is lowered because a part of the neutral active species is deactivated while the gas containing a large amount of the neutral active species generated in the plasma generating furnace is supplied into the treatment tank through the conduit. This is a disadvantage.
[0010]
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to improve all the disadvantages described above, without restricting the shape and size of the mold forming surface of the vulcanization mold, and to adversely affect the vulcanization mold. It is another object of the present invention to provide a microwave plasma generator capable of realizing uniform residue ashing with remarkably high efficiency.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a microwave plasma generator according to the present invention is an apparatus described at the beginning,
The plasma generation means includes a gas supply unit that supplies a reactive gas to the plasma region, and a microwave radiation device,
The microwave radiation device includes a microwave generation source,
An annular cavity that is located inside the plasma region and is opposed to the surface to be processed and that has a plurality of coupling slots formed on the outside and that transmits microwaves from the microwave generation source to the inside. Prepared,
The vacuum processing tank has a cylindrical recess facing the surface to be processed of the object to be processed, and the annular cavity is disposed concentrically with the recess in the recess and faces the outer peripheral surface of the annular cavity. The peripheral surface portion is constituted by a window portion made of a non-conductive material .
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a microwave plasma generator according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 1 illustrates a longitudinal section of the former part of a microwave plasma generator having a vacuum processing tank and plasma generation means, and a simplified illustration of the latter, together with a ring-shaped covering housed in the processing tank. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a cross section of a treatment body, in this example, a vulcanization mold, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an annular cavity having a coupling slot shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG.
[0013]
In FIG. 1, a vacuum processing tank 1 includes a container 2 having an upper container 2-1 and a lower container 2-2 that are separable from each other at a lower position and that can be sealed together, and the upper container 2-1. Has a cylindrical recess 2c that protrudes inside a vulcanization mold (hereinafter referred to as mold) 15 that is in a treatment (hereinafter referred to as clean) position in the center and faces the inner peripheral surface of the mold 15; It can be raised and lowered upward with respect to the container 2-2. The recess 2c has a depth located near the lower surface level of the mold 15 whose bottom is in the cleaning position.
[0014]
The lower container 2-2 includes a suction unit 3 connected to a vacuum pump (not shown). Prior to starting the cleaning operation of the vulcanizing mold 15, this vacuum pump is operated, the air inside the container 2 is exhausted through the suction part 3 in the direction of the arrow A in the figure, and the air pressure inside the container 2 is, for example, 10 A so-called medium vacuum to high vacuum of -1 to 10 -5 Torr. In the illustrated vacuum processing tank 1, the lower container 2-2 is fixedly supported on the floor surface Fs or the like together with the wheel conveyor 5 by, for example, a plurality of columns 4 (only two are shown in the figure). The wheel conveyor 5 holds the mold 15 to be cleaned placed on the surface plate 16.
[0015]
The microwave plasma generator has a microwave radiation device 6 as plasma generating means, and the device 6 is disposed near the bottom of the recess 2c of the upper container 2-1 at a position facing the inner surface 15s of the mold 15. An annular cavity 7, a microwave generation source 8, and a hollow rectangular waveguide 9 that electromagnetically couples the microwave generated by the activation of the microwave generation source 8 into the cavity 7. The cavity 7 is made of metal and forms a cavity resonator, and has a hollow cylindrical shape or a hollow polygonal column shape.
[0016]
The microwave generation source 8 generates and outputs a microwave within a frequency range of 300 MHz to 30 GHz, preferably within a range of 1 GHz to 10 GHz. The microwave output passes through the rectangular waveguide 9 and enters the cavity 7. Is transmitted. In order to transmit microwaves from the rectangular waveguide 9 to the annular cavity 7, for example, a method using a conductive coupler rod is effective. For example, in the case of a microwave having a frequency of 2.45 GHz, the height of the internal cavity of the cavity 7 is preferably a height of 6.12 cm or more.
[0017]
With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, in this example, the hollow cylindrical cavity 7 has a plurality of longitudinally arranged coupling slots 12 on the outer peripheral part 7u side, and the slots 12 communicate with the cavity part. Although it is not necessary to specify the thickness of the metal forming the cavity 7, the circumferential length on the inner surface of the inner peripheral portion 7 i is 1 of the intracavity wavelength determined by the microwave frequency and the height of the cavity portion of the cavity 7. A value that is an integral multiple of / 2 is preferable, and at that time, a microwave standing wave is generated in the cavity of the cavity 7. It is effective to provide the coupling slot 12 at a position corresponding to the node of the standing wave. For example, the coupling slot 12 is provided at a position at which a quarter wavelength of the intracavity wavelength is separated from a microwave introduction port such as a coupler rod, and at a position at which the half wavelength of the intracavity wavelength is spaced from this position.
[0018]
Further, the plasma generating means has a gas supply part for supplying a reactive gas to the microwave plasma region with respect to the surface to be processed of the mold 15, and this supply part is denoted by reference numeral 10 with reference to FIGS. A number of reaction gas ejection containers, in this example, a number of pairs of reaction gas ejection pipes 10. Reference numeral 11 is made of a non-conductive material, for example, alumina or quartz, and is a window portion constituting at least a part of the side surface of the recess 2c of the container 2, and contributes to plasma generation. This window portion 11 is disposed between the bottom of the recess 2c and the vicinity of the inner surface height of the mold 15, that is, the vicinity of the height of the region to be cleaned.
[0019]
As shown in the figure, the reactive gas ejection pipe 10 is located between the window portion 11 and the inner surface 15s of the mold 15 in the processing tank 1, that is, between the annular cavity 7 and the inner surface 15s of the mold 15, And in the example of illustration, it arrange | positions as a pair on both sides of the coupling slot 12. FIG. The pair of pipes 10 is connected and fixed to a single annular pipe (not shown), this annular pipe is connected to the reaction gas introduction pipe 10a, and the pipe 10 receives the supplied reaction gas. Each pair of pipes 10 has a small hole at a position facing each other, and the reaction gas supplied to the pipe 10 through the annular pipe has a direction indicated by an arrow B (see FIG. 3) through the small hole, that is, a mold 15. To the inner surface 15s.
[0020]
When the microwave plasma generator described above is operated, the microwave transmitted from the microwave generation source 8 through the rectangular waveguide 9 is sufficiently directed toward the inner surface 15 s of the mold 15 through the coupling slot 12. When electromagnetic energy is radiated in the radial direction and the reaction gas is ejected from the pipe 10, the reaction gas is turned into plasma by the electromagnetic energy to generate a high density plasma gas and a neutral activated species gas having a sufficient concentration. To do.
[0021]
Since this neutral activated species gas reaches the residual inner surface of the mold to be cleaned without going through an extra path, there is very little deactivation along the way, and not only the neutral activated species gas but also the plasma generating part. Since the inner surface of the mold, which is the processing target, is close, the plasma gas itself reaches the processing surface and can contribute to the ashing action. In addition, since only electromagnetic waves are radiated, of course, abnormal discharge does not occur, all disadvantages associated with abnormal discharge can be eliminated, and a uniform plasma gas with high neutral activated species gas is consumed without consuming excess power. As a result, it is possible to realize an ashing action on the vulcanized residue under a high efficiency.
[0022]
If the reaction gas is composed of one of oxygen gas alone or a mixed gas with a halide gas containing oxygen gas as a main component, it contributes to further improvement in ashing efficiency. Here, the oxygen gas of the reaction gas is suitable for both O 2 and O 3 , and any halide gas containing F (fluorine), Cl (chlorine), Br (bromine), I (iodine), etc. Gas can be used. Moreover, since it should just be able to supply to the vacuum processing tank 1 as gas, it is not necessarily required to be gas in a standard state (25 degreeC, 1 atm), For example, a liquid state may be sufficient. In particular, Freon, NF 3 and SF 6 are preferably used, and CF 4 (carbon tetrafluoride) is particularly effective.
[0023]
The microwave frequency and the amount of supplied power and the amount of reaction gas flow (SCCM) in the microwave power source 8 are selected so that the density of the plasma gas and / or the neutral active species gas becomes a desired value. Oxygen (O, O 2 , O 3 ) radical, CF 4 , using only oxygen gas or a mixed gas of main component oxygen gas and subordinate halide gas, preferably CF 4 gas as reaction gas Get radicals. During the ashing process, the vacuum pump is operated to continuously evacuate the gas from the vacuum processing tank 1 in the direction of arrow A from the suction unit 3, and the pressure inside the processing tank 1 is always kept constant within a range of 0.01 to 10 Torr. Hold at pressure.
[0024]
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 17 denotes a temperature control jacket as a heating source for heating the mold 15, and a heating medium such as high-temperature gas or steam is supplied to the inner space 17 j of the jacket 17, preferably the mold 15. Is heated to a desired temperature within the range of 100 to 180 ° C. and held. If the mold 15 is held at this high temperature, the ashing reaction rate is further increased, which contributes to a significant reduction in plasma ashing processing time. Although not shown, the mold 15 is provided with a temperature measurement sensor, and the temperature and / or flow rate control of the heating medium of the jacket 17 and the temperature control of the mold 15 are performed outside the processing tank 1, respectively. 17 together with this, the temperature control system of the mold 15 is configured.
[0025]
Although the metal mold 15 is shown as an integral body, in this example, a so-called split mold is divided into a large number, for example, 3 to 20 segments, which are made of metal, for example, steel. 16 shows the surface temporarily assembled in the same state as in actual use.
[0026]
Also, aluminum alloy is generally applied to the tread part of the tire where the tread and various grooves and slits are formed. When actually used, this alloy part is attached to a steel holding member to form the above-mentioned segment. In the present invention, the metal mold 15 is referred to including both the case of the alloy portion and the case of the segment.
[0027]
When the mold 15 is a split mold, a pair of side molds are combined on the upper and lower sides of the illustrated segment mold to form a mold body. The mold main body can be used as a vulcanizing mold 15 to perform plasma cleaning, and the present invention can be applied to any one of a so-called two-sided upper mold and a plurality of segment molds having a split surface on the circumference. Can be applied.
[0028]
Although not shown, the surface plate 16 includes a group of segments or a mechanism for placing these molds in a predetermined position when temporarily assembling a large number of segments or when installing a split mold body or two upper and lower molds. Further, the surface plate 16 includes a mechanism for centering the mold 15 as an assembly or the mold 15 as the mold with respect to the central axis of the recess 2c. The latter mechanism is centered and engaged with a centering device provided on the wheel conveyor 5 that supports the mold 15 and the surface plate 16.
[0029]
The introduction of the mold 15 into the processing tank 1 is performed by placing the mold 15 temporarily assembled or stationary on the surface plate 16 outside the processing tank 1 in a state where the upper container 2-1 is moved upward. At the same time, the sheet is conveyed to the illustrated position on another similar wheel conveyor (not shown) and simultaneously centered.
[0030]
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view similar to FIG. 1 of a modified example in which the reactive gas ejection pipe 10 of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is changed to a vertically long container 10-1, and the inside of the container 10-1 is part of the window portion 11. It is. In this case, plasma is generated inside the container 10-1, and at least one of the generated plasma gas and neutral activated species gas is directed from the outlet toward the inner surface 15s of the mold 15 (in the direction of arrow B in the figure). ) The apparatus shown in FIG. 4 also has the operations and effects as described above. In addition, it is also possible to set it as the apparatus which has the structure which accommodates the cavity 7 and the rectangular waveguide 9 shown in FIG. 1, FIG.
[0031]
【Example】
In accordance with the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, after a mold 15 having a maximum inner diameter of 550 mm consisting of eight segments is accommodated in a temperature control jacket 17 on a surface plate 16, these are placed in the vacuum processing tank 1. After the containers 2-1 and 2-2 were sealed and fixed to each other, the vacuum pump was operated to reduce the pressure inside the processing tank 1 to 2 × 10 −3 Torr.
[0032]
The reaction gas was a mixed gas of O 2 gas and CF 4 gas, the former was flowed in at a rate of 1000 SCCM and the latter was flowed at a rate of 500 SCCM, and the plasma gas pressure in the processing tank 1 was maintained at 1.0 Torr. A microwave having a frequency of 2.45 GHz is output from the microwave generation source 8, this microwave is transmitted to the cavity 7 through the rectangular waveguide 9, plasma is generated by electromagnetic wave energy radiated from the cavity 7, and oxygen radicals are generated. The main plasma was applied to the inner surface of the mold 15. The height of the coupling slot 12 provided in the cavity 7 is 6.12 cm, and the output of the microwave is 6 kW.
[0033]
In this embodiment, the temperature of the mold 15 is not controlled at all by the jacket 17 for comparison with the comparative example described later. The temperature of the mold 15 is left to the natural temperature rise by the energy of the plasma, and the ashing time is 60 minutes. And 2 types / 120 minutes. The ashing property at the end of the treatment is visually evaluated and scored by a five-point method (the higher the score is, the better the value is 5), and the degree of cleaning is washed with water after the ashing to remove ash (almost sticking to metal). have not inorganic metal salts, for example, after washing the Z like n SO 4), and also scored according the 5-point method visually.
[0034]
In order to verify the effects of the examples, an ashing process according to a comparative example according to the specification related to Japanese Patent Application No. 7-107517 by the present applicant mentioned above was performed. The processing conditions of the comparative example were all in accordance with the example, and the evaluation items and determination method were also in accordance with the example. The processing of each of the examples and comparative examples was performed 10 times, and measurement and evaluation were performed each time. The results are summarized in Table 1.
[0035]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003727705
[0036]
From Table 1, it can be seen that the ashing properties and the cleanliness of the examples at the same treatment time are significantly superior to those of the comparative examples. This is not the case, and it is proof that the method for cleaning the vulcanization residue of the mold according to the present invention has a marked improvement in processing efficiency compared with the method according to the previous application. .
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, microwaves are directly radiated from the cavity to the elastomer residual surface formed on the mold surface by repeated vulcanization molding of the elastomer, and the reaction gas is introduced into the vacuum processing tank space between the elastomer residual surface and the cavity. The reaction gas is converted into plasma and at least one of the plasma gas and the neutral activated species gas is directly sprayed on the remaining surface, so that the vulcanization mold is damaged, the density of the plasma gas is reduced, and the neutral activated species It is possible to provide a microwave plasma generator capable of eliminating the disadvantages such as deactivation and ashing the residue uniformly and effectively in a short processing time with high power efficiency. In addition, the apparatus according to the present invention is not limited to the ashing treatment of the vulcanization residue of the mold, and exhibits the superior treatment performance as described above when performing plasma treatment on other types of objects to be treated. Efficiency improvement can be achieved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a cross section and an outline of a main part of a microwave plasma generating apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a cavity and a rectangular waveguide shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a main part of the apparatus shown in FIG.
4 is an explanatory view showing a modified example of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 as in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vacuum processing tank 2 Container 2c Recessed part 2-1 Upper container 2-2 Lower container 3 Suction part 4 Strut 5 Wheel conveyor 6 Microwave radiation device 7 Cavity 8 Microwave generation source 9 Rectangular waveguide 10 Reactive gas ejection pipe 10a Reaction Gas introduction pipe 10-1 Neutral active species ejection container (plasma generator)
11 Window portion 12 Coupling slot 15 Vulcanization mold 15 s Inner surface 16 Surface plate 17 Jacket A Exhaust direction B Neutral active species ejection direction

Claims (2)

内側表面に被処理面を有する環状の被処理体を収容する真空処理槽と、該処理槽内に収容した被処理体の被処理面に対しマイクロ波プラズマ領域を形成させるためのプラズマ生成手段とを備えるマイクロ波プラズマ発生装置において、
プラズマ生成手段は、上記プラズマ領域に反応ガスを供給するガス供給部と、マイクロ波放射装置とを有し、マイクロ波放射装置は、マイクロ波発生源と、プラズマ領域の内側にて被処理体の被処理面と対向して位置し、外側に複数個のカップリングスロットを形成した、マイクロ波発生源からのマイクロ波が内部に伝送される環状キャビティとを備え、
前記真空処理槽は、被処理体の被処理面に対向する円柱状凹部を有し、前記環状キャビティを、この凹部の中に凹部と同心状に配置し、環状キャビティの外周面に対向する凹部周面部分を非導電材よりなる窓部分で構成してなるマイクロ波プラズマ発生装置。
A vacuum processing tank for storing an annular target object having a processing surface on its inner surface, and a plasma generating means for forming a microwave plasma region on the processing target surface of the target object stored in the processing tank; In a microwave plasma generator comprising:
The plasma generating means includes a gas supply unit that supplies a reactive gas to the plasma region and a microwave radiation device. The microwave radiation device includes a microwave generation source and an object to be processed inside the plasma region. An annular cavity that is located opposite to the surface to be processed and that has a plurality of coupling slots formed on the outside, in which microwaves from a microwave generation source are transmitted,
The vacuum processing tank has a cylindrical recess facing the surface to be processed of the object to be processed, and the annular cavity is disposed concentrically with the recess in the recess and faces the outer peripheral surface of the annular cavity. A microwave plasma generator comprising a window portion made of a non-conductive material on a peripheral surface portion.
上記真空処理槽内における被処理体の温度を100〜180℃の範囲内に加熱保持する温度制御手段を有する請求項1に記載した装置。 The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a temperature control unit that heats and holds the temperature of the object to be processed in the vacuum processing tank within a range of 100 to 180 ° C.
JP02776896A 1996-02-15 1996-02-15 Microwave plasma generator Expired - Fee Related JP3727705B2 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP02776896A JP3727705B2 (en) 1996-02-15 1996-02-15 Microwave plasma generator
DE69706573T DE69706573T2 (en) 1996-02-15 1997-02-14 Process for cleaning a vulcanization mold
EP97102414A EP0790113B1 (en) 1996-02-15 1997-02-14 Method for cleaning vulcanization mold
ES97102414T ES2164947T3 (en) 1996-02-15 1997-02-14 METHOD FOR CLEANING A VULCANIZATION MOLD.
US08/802,429 US5855728A (en) 1996-02-15 1997-02-18 Method for cleaning vulcanization mold

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US7498066B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2009-03-03 Btu International Inc. Plasma-assisted enhanced coating
US7432470B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2008-10-07 Btu International, Inc. Surface cleaning and sterilization
JP2005524963A (en) 2002-05-08 2005-08-18 ダナ・コーポレーション Plasma catalyst
US7638727B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2009-12-29 Btu International Inc. Plasma-assisted heat treatment
US7497922B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2009-03-03 Btu International, Inc. Plasma-assisted gas production
US7494904B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2009-02-24 Btu International, Inc. Plasma-assisted doping
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WO2020250964A1 (en) * 2019-06-11 2020-12-17 横浜ゴム株式会社 Method for cleaning tire and method for manufacturing tire

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JPH05275326A (en) * 1992-03-30 1993-10-22 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Resist ashing method
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