JP3728249B2 - Hot metal desulfurization method - Google Patents
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- JP3728249B2 JP3728249B2 JP2002012856A JP2002012856A JP3728249B2 JP 3728249 B2 JP3728249 B2 JP 3728249B2 JP 2002012856 A JP2002012856 A JP 2002012856A JP 2002012856 A JP2002012856 A JP 2002012856A JP 3728249 B2 JP3728249 B2 JP 3728249B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、高脱硫率を安定的に確保することができる溶銑の脱硫方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
溶銑の脱硫精錬方法としては、脱硫精錬剤を容器内の溶銑に添加した後に気体吹き込み攪拌あるいは機械的に攪拌して精錬を促進させたり、あるいは溶銑中に吹き込む気体とともに脱硫精錬剤を添加して精錬を行う方法が知られている。この内、容器内の溶銑を機械的に攪拌して脱硫精錬を行う方法においては、容器内の溶銑に脱硫精錬剤を添加するとともに、回転軸先端に回転羽根を取り付けたインペラーを溶銑中に浸漬し、このインペラーを高速回転することによって溶銑を攪拌する。脱硫精錬剤は溶銑と比較して比重が小さいため溶銑の表面に存在する。溶銑はインペラーの回転に伴って容器中で回転流を形成するため、溶銑表面の中心部には陥没部が生れ、脱硫精錬剤はこの陥没部に集中した後、インペラ−の回転羽根によって溶銑中にはじき飛ばされることにより、溶銑中へ強制的に侵入し、再び浮上するまでの間に脱硫精錬反応が進行すると考えられている。
【0003】
このような観点で、脱硫剤の捲き込みに有利な回転羽根の形状(例えば特開2000−247910号公報)や回転羽根と溶銑湯面との相対的位置関係の設定に関する技術(例えば特開2001−247910号公報)が開示されている。しかし、これらの技術は、脱硫スラグの巻き込みを有利にするための技術を開示しているに過ぎず、スラグの巻き込みの状況がスラグの組成あるいはスラグの性状によって大きく変化するという本発明者らが得ている実態を鑑みると、これらの技術単独では、高い脱硫能を得るための十分条件を与える技術とは成っていない。
【0004】
一方、溶銑の炉外脱硫に使用する脱硫剤については、CaOが極めて高い脱硫能を有する成分であることを利用して、安価なCaOを主成分とする脱硫剤が広く使用されている。また、金属Mgを添加することによって発生するMgガスを介した脱硫反応利用する技術も開示されている。具体的には、(1)式で示される反応を利用している。
Mg(ガス)+[S]=MgS (1)
さらに、この脱硫効果のあるMgガスをMgOとAlの還元剤を共存させて、例えば(2)式の反応で処理途中に得る方法も開示されている。
3MgO+2Al=3Mg(ガス)+Al2O3 (2)
【0005】
しかし、これらの溶銑の脱硫処理に用いられる脱硫剤に関する開示技術は、溶銑中への捲き込みの難易度という視点が欠落しており、脱硫剤単身の脱硫能を論ずるのみであり、インペラーを用いた機械攪拌による脱硫プロセスに限った場合に極めて重要となる、もう一つの視点である脱硫剤の捲き込みの難易度についての視点が欠落していた。従って、単身では高脱硫能を有する脱硫剤を使用しても、その組成によっては、インペラーを用いた機械攪拌による脱硫プロセスにおいて、溶銑への捲き込みが不十分となって、そもそも脱硫剤の具備する高脱硫能を発揮できない場合があった。
【0006】
以上のように、従来の技術は、インペラーによって脱硫スラグが溶銑に捲き込まれる挙動がスラグの組成やスラグの性状によって変化するという視点が欠落していた。しかし、インペラーを用いた機械攪拌による溶銑脱硫のプロセスにおいては、同じインペラーおよび同じ攪拌方法を用いても、スラグの捲き込み状況はスラグの組成や性状によって大きく変化するのであって、スラグの捲き込みに有利なスラグ側の条件を見いだすことが急務であった。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明はかかる事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、インペラーを用いた機械攪拌において脱硫剤が有効に溶銑中に捲き込まれるスラグ側の条件を規定し、もって、極めて高い脱硫率を安定的に生じさせる技術を提供するものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、上述した目的を達成するために鋭意研究を重ねた結果、次の知見を得た。つまり、インペラーを用いた機械攪拌において脱硫剤が有効に溶銑中に捲き込まれ、かつ脱硫反応を極めて安定的に生じさせる溶銑脱硫方法は、次の通りである。
(1)溶銑容器内で脱硫剤を溶銑に添加し、攪拌することにより脱硫処理を施す方法において、処理後の脱硫スラグ中のCaO濃度が40質量%以上であり、かつ処理後のスラグの量比で70%以上の形状が球相当径で3mmφ以上かつ20mmφ以下の大きさである粒状を呈しており、かつ比重が3.5以上であることを特徴とする溶銑の脱硫方法である。
(2)溶銑容器内で脱硫剤を溶銑に添加し、攪拌することにより脱硫処理を施す方法において、添加する脱硫剤として、処理温度での液相率が5%〜30%である脱硫剤を添加することを特徴とする溶銑の脱硫方法。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
脱硫スラグの捲き込まれる難易度と脱硫剤の大きさの関係については、鋭意研究の結果以下のことが判った。つまり、脱硫剤のサイズが小さいとインペラーによって脱硫スラグが溶銑中に飛び込んだ直後に比表面積が大きいことにより大きな抵抗を受け、さらに、インペラーから与えられるはじき飛ばされる力が有効に伝わらないことが原因で溶銑への侵入距離が短くなって滞在時間が短くなってしまう。脱硫スラグの大きさが大きくなるにつれて比表面積の低下により溶銑からの抵抗力が低下することと、インペラーからの力が有効に脱硫スラグ粒に伝わることにより溶銑への侵入距離が長くなっていく。脱硫スラグ粒の大きさがさらに大きくなっていくと、侵入距離は長くなるが、脱硫反応に供される脱硫剤全体の総表面積が小さくなって、脱硫速度は逆に低下することとなる。よって、脱硫スラグが溶銑に有効に捲き込まれる適正サイズが存在する。
【0010】
また、脱硫スラグ粒のサイズの大きさとともに比重も重要となってくる。ここでいう比重とは、粒状である脱硫スラグ粒のかさ比重のことである。比重が小さすぎると大きさの如何に拘わらず、溶銑に対して与えられる浮力が勝って溶銑への侵入距離を大きくすることができないために比重はある値以上であることが必要条件となってくる。
【0011】
発明者らは、溶解重量が1トンの試験炉を用いて、種々の粒径および比重を有した脱硫剤を添加した機械攪拌による脱硫実験を行った結果、インペラーを用いた機械攪拌において脱硫スラグが有効に溶銑中に捲き込まれ、かつ脱硫反応を極めて安定的に生じさせるためには、処理後の脱硫スラグの形状が球相当径で3mmφ以上かつ20mmφ以下の大きさである粒状を呈しており、かつ比重が3.5以上であるものがスラグ全体の量の比率で70%以上であることが必要であることを見いだした。
【0012】
上記インペラーを用いた機械攪拌において脱硫剤が有効に溶銑中に捲き込まれる脱硫剤は、予め大きさと比重を上記条件を満たすようにCaOを40%以上含んだスラグを成形しておいても良いが、次に示す方法によってインペラーによる機械攪拌の開始初期に、造粒効果によって自動的に得ることも出来る。つまり、添加する脱硫剤として、処理温度での液相率が5%〜30%である脱硫剤を添加することである。ここで、処理温度とは、造粒作用は主に処理開始時に行なわれるので処理前温度あるいは処理開始時の溶銑温度を指している。
【0013】
前述の如く、インペラーを用いた機械攪拌による溶銑脱硫プロセスにおいて、溶銑はインペラーの回転に伴って容器中で回転流を形成するため、溶銑表面の中心部には陥没部が生れ、脱硫精錬剤はこの陥没部に集中する。この段階で、CaO主体の高融点の固体脱硫剤中に適量の液体が存在することにより、転動造粒理論による造粒が生じる。転動造粒理論による造粒では、小径の固体粉に適当な量の水分を加えた後に転動させることにより、固体粉が固体粉間の空隙と水分との間に生じる毛管吸引力により結合して造粒していく機構のことをいうが、インペラーによる機械攪拌のケースでは、固体粉が添加したCaO主体の脱硫剤の固体部分であり、水分が、脱硫剤自身が溶融したものと一部の溶銑とに相当することになっていると考えられる。実際に、処理温度での液相率が5%〜30%である脱硫剤を添加した場合の処理後のスラグ粒の内部を観察すると、CaO粉の間を埋めるように液相であったと思われる組織が観察され、同時に地鉄も取り込まれていた。このように地鉄を含んだスラグ粒は比重が大きくなり、容易に3.5以上の比重が得られることになって、機械攪拌により溶銑中に捲き込まれやすくなる。
【0014】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
0.75トンの溶銑を溶解できる試験溶解炉において、以下に示す実機溶銑鍋での脱硫処理の7分の1相似モデルでの脱硫試験を行った。実機溶銑鍋の脱硫処理における機械攪拌では、溶銑鍋に収容した250トンの溶銑に対し、羽根の直径1415mm、長さ855mmである4枚羽根構成の耐火物コーティングした攪拌用インペラーを用いて機械攪拌を行う。この時回転軸の直径は600mmである。この時用いる攪拌用インペラーにおいては、上部根元半径を300mm、下部根元半径を600mm、角度θを14度とし、膨出部は用いていない。また、攪拌時の溶銑湯面凹部深さに対するインペラー上端深さの比を0.7となるように回転数を調整した。本実施例における0.75トンの試験溶解炉を用いた脱硫試験では、上記実機での脱硫処理と全く相似の形状であり、サイズが7分の1である、溶銑鍋、攪拌用インペラーを用いた。また、攪拌用インペラーの回転数、浸漬深さについては攪拌時の溶銑湯面凹部深さに対するインペラー上端深さの比を0.7となるように調整した。
【0015】
本実施例における試験溶解炉での脱硫試験においては、CaO粉と鉄粉を予め所定の割合で混合した後、圧縮成型し、軽度に破砕したものを、分級してサイズをそろえて脱硫剤として用いた。試験では、分級した脱硫剤粒のサイズを選択するとともに、CaO粉と鉄粉の混合比を変化させることにより、脱硫剤粒の密度も変化させ、12分間の脱硫処理前後の溶銑中S濃度の変化から、添加脱硫剤の適否を判断した。ここでは、脱硫率を、
(処理前[%S]−処理後[%S])/処理前[%S]×100、
として定義し、脱硫率が70%以上であるものを「良好な脱硫率」として添加脱硫剤の適否を判断した。
【0016】
図1に比重が3.2であるCaO100質量%の脱硫剤から比重が5.9であるCaOの混合割合が29質量%の脱硫剤まで脱硫剤の比重を変化させ、同時に、脱硫剤サイズを1mmφから40mmφまで変化させた場合の脱硫試験の結果を示した。なお、使用した脱硫剤の量は5.25kg(溶銑1トンに対して7kgの割合)に固定した。つまり、サイズが大きい脱硫剤を使用するほど、脱硫剤粒の総個数および脱硫剤粒の総表面積は小さくなることになる。また、処理温度は、1350℃±10℃の一定とした。脱硫剤は攪拌処理前に一括して溶銑容器上方より添加し、添加直後から攪拌を開始した。処理後のスラグ粒の粒径は、ほぼ添加時点での脱硫剤粒の粒径と同等であった。
【0017】
図1より、いずれのスラグ粒の比重においても、脱硫率は10数mmφのところまで脱硫剤粒の粒径増加とともに増大し、さらに粒径が大きくなると逆に減少する。また、スラグ粒サイズが同じ場合、スラグ粒比重が4.0までは脱硫率は増加し、それを越えると逆に減少する結果となった。結果として、70%以上の脱硫率が得られる範囲は、処理後の脱硫剤の形状が球相当径で3mmφ以上かつ20mmφ以下の大きさである粒状を呈しており、かつ比重が3.0以上かつ5.5以下であることが確認できた。
【0018】
なお、本試験においてスラグ粒比重が5.5以下という条件は、スラグ中のCaO濃度としては40質量%以上ということであり、スラグ比重が5.5を越える条件で充分な脱硫率が得られないことは、その範囲でCaO濃度が40質量%を下回ることに相当する。これは、スラグ比重を増加させたいためにCaOより比重が高い成分を含有させようとした場合、CaO含有量を40質量%以上にしておかなければ、巻き込みは十分生じせしめることはできても、CaOの持つ高脱硫能を十分発揮できないことを示している。
【0019】
よって、この試験より、スラグ粒中のCaO含有量は40質量%以上であることが必要条件と成ることが確認できた。鉄粉より比重の大きいものをCaOと混合してスラグ粒を形成させる場合には、比重の上限は5.5より大きく設定できると考えられるが、その場合もCaO含有量は40質量%以上であることが必要となることは明らかである。さらに、スラグ粒の比重の上限としては、いかなるものを配合させるかにかかわらず、溶銑の比重より低いことが必要である。スラグ粒の比重が溶銑の比重より高い場合は、スラグ粒が沈降或いは溶銑中に懸濁して容易に分離しないからである。
【0020】
(実施例2)
実施例1で示した処理溶銑量250トンの実機脱硫設備および攪拌条件を用いて、平均100μmφ径のCaO粉に表1に示す種々の添加物を混合した脱硫剤による脱硫試験を行った。脱硫剤添加量は、溶銑1トン当たり7kgと一定としており、温度は、1300℃から1400℃の間であり、処理時間は12分とした。また、CaO以外の添加物であるMgO、Al2O3、SiO2、CaF2は、それぞれ平均粒径100μmφの粉を原料とし、表1の配合比に従ってCaO粉と予めミキサーにて物理的に混合した。このようにして用意した混合粉を脱硫剤として溶銑鍋の上方から添加し添加直後にインペラーによる攪拌を行った。
【0021】
表1には、試験の結果得られた脱硫率、処理温度、用いた脱硫剤の液相率、処理後のスラグ粒の平均粒径、粒径が3mmφ以上かつ20mmφ以下である個数比率、スラグ粒の平均比重および処理後スラグ粒の組成を示した。この内、脱硫率については、実施例1と同様に、脱硫率が70%以上であるものを「良好な脱硫率」として添加脱硫剤の適否を判断した。処理後は多くの場合、処理溶銑を捲き込んだ粒状を呈しており、粒径および比重の測定は以下のように行った。まず、任意にスラグ粒を50個サンプリングし、それぞれについて体積と質量を測定する。体積の実測値を用いて、同じ体積を持つ球の直径が求められるが、これを球相当径として求めた。比重は、(質量:gram)/(体積:立方cm)の式により求めた。処理後のスラグ組成は、同じくスラグ粒50個をサンプリングし、個々のスラグ粒を区別せずに乳鉢で粉状にし、磁選により鉄分を分離し、まず鉄分の質量%を求めた。さらに、残ったスラグ粉については、化学分析によりCaOの含有濃度を求めた。ここで、予め樹脂埋め込み研磨後、SEM/EDX分析にて個々のスラグ粒の組成分析を行ったが、スラグ粒によって組成のばらつきはほとんど無く、上記のように求めたスラグ組成は、ほぼ、個々のスラグ粒における組成と等しいことを確認した。さらに、液相率は、以下の方法で計算により評価して求めた。
【0022】
酸化物とふっ化物の混合物の高温での液相率を求めるためには、多元系の液相と固相の平衡状態を計算により求める必要がある。ここでは、参考文献1(山田ら著、溶融塩および高温化学、Vol41、No.2、1998年)の107頁にあるFig.7に示された計算手法を用いて上記酸化物とふっ化物の混合物の液相と固相の間の平衡計算を行った。ここで、平衡計算プログラムに入力するデータとして液相および固相の成分の標準自由エネルギー値および活量値が必要である。この内標準自由エネルギー値は参考文献2(H.Gaye and J.Welfringer : Proceedings of " 2nd International Symposium on Metallurgical Slags and Fluxes ", Warrendale, P.A.Met. Soc. Of AIME, Ed. By H.A.Fine and D. R. Gaskell,1984, 357)に示されているものをそのまま使用した。活量値については、以下のように取り扱った。つまり、固相については全て純粋な酸化物(またはふっ化物)か或いは酸化物系の化合物と仮定し、成分酸化物(或いはふっ化物)の活量値を1と固定した。また、液相における成分活量は、参考文献1の102頁にある第(4)式で混合の自由エネルギーをまず求め、103頁にある第(7)式を用いて、活量値を導出した。なお、第(4)式中の各種相互作用パラメータ値(物性値)は、参考文献3(H. Gaye, et.al.:Proceedings of " 4th International Conference on Molten Slags and Fluxes ", 1992,Sendai, ISIJ)の108頁にあるTable2の値をそのまま用いた。
【0023】
以上の方法にて、処理温度および脱硫剤組成を入力することにより処理温度での液相の量的割合や固相の平衡析出量および析出固相の種類を求めることが出来る。表1に示した液相率とは、このようにして求めたものであり、
(脱硫在中の液相の質量)/(脱硫剤全体の質量)×100(%)
で定義されるものである。
【0024】
表1において、No.1からNo.10が本発明の方法によって安定した高脱硫能を得たことを示す実施例である。何れも、処理温度における添加脱硫剤の液相率が5%以上30%以下の範囲であるが、この時に処理後スラグ粒のサイズが3mmφ以上20mmφ以下に70%以上の範囲に含まれ、さらにスラグ粒内に地鉄が含有されることにより、比重が3.5以上となっている。また、地鉄を含んだ処理後スラグ粒のCaO濃度は40質量%以上となっていた。つまり、溶銑容器内で攪拌用インペラーにより機械攪拌を施す脱硫処理において、添加する脱硫剤の組成を、処理温度にて液相率が5%以上30%以下の範囲に成るように調整することによって、攪拌処理中に転動造粒作用によって溶銑内に捲き込まれやすいサイズ、比重となって、もって安定した高脱硫能が得られることが確認できた。
【0025】
No.11からNo.16は液相率が5%より低いか30%を越えた場合の比較例であり、5%より低い場合は、造粒が不十分であり、スラグ粒が小径となり、さらに造粒時の地鉄の取り込みによる比重増も不十分であり、溶銑内への巻き込みが有効に生じなかったために、高脱硫能は得られなかった。また、液相率が30%を越えた場合は、逆にスラグ粒が大きく成長しすぎて、スラグ粒の全表面積が小さくなってしまったために高脱硫能が得られなかったことが判る。
【0026】
No.17およびNo.18は、添加脱硫剤の液相率は5%以上30%以下の範囲に成るように調整されており、造粒は適正に行われているが、スラグ粒内のCaO濃度が40質量%より低いために高脱硫率が得られなかった比較例を示す。
【0027】
【表1】
【0028】
【発明の効果】
本発明によるインペラーを用いた機械攪拌プロセスでの溶銑脱硫の方法によれば、脱硫スラグのサイズおよび比重を調整することにより、添加スラグの溶銑への捲き込みを促進し、安定した高脱硫能を得ることが出来る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】脱硫剤粒のサイズおよび比重と脱硫率との関係を示す図。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a hot metal desulfurization method capable of stably ensuring a high desulfurization rate.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The hot metal desulfurization refining method includes adding a desulfurization refining agent to the hot metal in the container and then promoting the refining by gas blowing stirring or mechanical stirring, or adding a desulfurizing refining agent together with the gas blown into the hot metal. A method of refining is known. Among these, in the method of performing desulfurization and refining by mechanically stirring the hot metal in the container, a desulfurization refining agent is added to the hot metal in the container, and an impeller having a rotary blade attached to the tip of the rotating shaft is immersed in the hot metal. Then, the hot metal is stirred by rotating the impeller at high speed. The desulfurization refining agent is present on the surface of the hot metal because of its lower specific gravity than hot metal. Since the hot metal forms a rotating flow in the container with the rotation of the impeller, a depression is formed at the center of the hot metal surface, and after the desulfurization refining agent is concentrated in this depression, the impeller is rotated by the impeller rotor blades. It is believed that the desulfurization and refining reaction proceeds by forcibly penetrating into the hot metal and rising again after being repelled.
[0003]
From this point of view, a technique (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001) regarding setting of the shape of the rotary blade (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-247910) and the relative positional relationship between the rotary blade and the molten metal surface, which are advantageous for the introduction of the desulfurizing agent No. 247910). However, these techniques merely disclose a technique for making desulfurization slag entrainment advantageous, and the inventors of the present invention that the entrainment situation of slag varies greatly depending on the composition of slag or the properties of slag. In view of the actual situation obtained, these technologies alone are not technologies that provide sufficient conditions for obtaining high desulfurization ability.
[0004]
On the other hand, as a desulfurizing agent used for hot metal desulfurization of hot metal, an inexpensive desulfurizing agent mainly composed of CaO is widely used because CaO is a component having an extremely high desulfurizing ability. In addition, a technique of utilizing a desulfurization reaction via Mg gas generated by adding metallic Mg is also disclosed. Specifically, the reaction represented by the formula (1) is used.
Mg (gas) + [S] = MgS (1)
Furthermore, a method is also disclosed in which Mg gas having a desulfurizing effect is obtained in the middle of the treatment by, for example, the reaction of formula (2) in the presence of MgO and Al reducing agents.
3MgO + 2Al = 3Mg (gas) + Al 2 O 3 (2)
[0005]
However, the disclosed technology related to the desulfurization agent used for the desulfurization treatment of hot metal lacks the viewpoint of the difficulty of pouring into the hot metal, and only discusses the desulfurization ability of the desulfurization agent alone. Another point of view, which is extremely important when limited to the desulfurization process by mechanical stirring, was missing a viewpoint on the difficulty of adding the desulfurizing agent. Therefore, even if a desulfurization agent having a high desulfurization capacity is used alone, depending on the composition, in the desulfurization process by mechanical stirring using an impeller, the penetration into the hot metal becomes insufficient. In some cases, the high desulfurization ability cannot be exhibited.
[0006]
As described above, the conventional technology lacks the viewpoint that the behavior in which desulfurized slag is poured into the hot metal by the impeller changes depending on the composition of the slag and the properties of the slag. However, in the hot metal desulfurization process by mechanical stirring using an impeller, even if the same impeller and the same stirring method are used, the slag penetration condition varies greatly depending on the composition and properties of the slag. There was an urgent need to find favorable conditions on the slag side.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and defines the conditions on the slag side in which the desulfurization agent is effectively poured into the molten iron in mechanical stirring using an impeller, thereby stably achieving an extremely high desulfurization rate. The technology to be generated is provided.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors obtained the following knowledge as a result of intensive studies to achieve the above-described object. That is, the hot metal desulfurization method in which the desulfurizing agent is effectively put into the hot metal in the mechanical stirring using the impeller and the desulfurization reaction is generated extremely stably is as follows.
(1) In a method in which a desulfurizing agent is added to hot metal in a hot metal vessel and the desulfurization treatment is performed by stirring, the CaO concentration in the desulfurized slag after treatment is 40% by mass or more, and the amount of slag after treatment The hot metal desulfurization method is characterized in that a shape having a ratio of 70% or more is a granule having a sphere equivalent diameter of 3 mmφ or more and 20 mmφ or less, and the specific gravity is 3.5 or more.
(2) In a method of adding a desulfurizing agent to hot metal in a hot metal vessel and performing a desulfurization treatment by stirring, a desulfurizing agent having a liquid phase ratio of 5% to 30% at a processing temperature is added as a desulfurizing agent to be added. A method for desulfurizing hot metal, which comprises adding the hot metal.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As a result of diligent research, the following has been found regarding the relationship between the degree of difficulty in which desulfurized slag is introduced and the size of the desulfurizing agent. In other words, if the size of the desulfurizing agent is small, the impeller imposes a large resistance immediately after the desulfurization slag jumps into the hot metal, and the repelling force applied from the impeller is not transmitted effectively. The penetration distance into the hot metal is shortened and the staying time is shortened. As the size of the desulfurized slag increases, the resistance force from the hot metal decreases due to a decrease in the specific surface area, and the penetration distance to the hot metal increases as the force from the impeller is effectively transmitted to the desulfurized slag particles. If the size of the desulfurized slag particles is further increased, the penetration distance becomes longer, but the total surface area of the entire desulfurizing agent subjected to the desulfurization reaction is reduced, and the desulfurization rate is decreased. Therefore, there exists an appropriate size in which the desulfurized slag is effectively poured into the hot metal.
[0010]
In addition, the specific gravity is important as well as the size of the desulfurized slag grains. The specific gravity referred to here is the bulk specific gravity of granular desulfurized slag grains. If the specific gravity is too small, regardless of the size, the buoyancy given to the hot metal will win and the penetration distance to the hot metal cannot be increased, so the specific gravity must be above a certain value. come.
[0011]
The inventors conducted a desulfurization experiment by mechanical stirring to which a desulfurizing agent having various particle sizes and specific gravities was added using a test furnace having a dissolving weight of 1 ton. As a result, desulfurization slag was obtained in mechanical stirring using an impeller. In order to effectively penetrate the molten iron into the hot metal and cause the desulfurization reaction to occur extremely stably, the shape of the desulfurized slag after the treatment has a spherical equivalent diameter of 3 mmφ or more and 20 mmφ or less. And the specific gravity of 3.5 or more is found to be 70% or more in terms of the ratio of the total amount of slag.
[0012]
The desulfurizing agent in which the desulfurizing agent is effectively put into the hot metal in the mechanical stirring using the impeller may be formed in advance with a slag containing 40% or more of CaO so that the size and specific gravity satisfy the above conditions. However, it can be automatically obtained by the granulation effect at the beginning of the mechanical stirring by the impeller by the following method. That is, as a desulfurizing agent to be added, a desulfurizing agent having a liquid phase ratio of 5% to 30% at the processing temperature is added. Here, the treatment temperature refers to the pre-treatment temperature or the hot metal temperature at the start of the treatment since the granulating action is mainly performed at the start of the treatment.
[0013]
As described above, in the hot metal desulfurization process by mechanical stirring using an impeller, the hot metal forms a rotating flow in the container as the impeller rotates, so that a depression is formed at the center of the hot metal surface, and the desulfurization refining agent is Concentrate on this depression. At this stage, the presence of an appropriate amount of liquid in the high melting point solid desulfurization agent mainly composed of CaO causes granulation according to the rolling granulation theory. In granulation based on the rolling granulation theory, an appropriate amount of water is added to a small-diameter solid powder and then rolled, so that the solid powder is bound by capillary suction generated between the voids between the solid powder and moisture. In the case of mechanical stirring by an impeller, the solid part of the CaO-based desulfurization agent added with solid powder is the same as that in which the desulfurization agent itself is melted. It is thought to correspond to the hot metal of the part. Actually, when the inside of the slag grains after treatment when a desulfurizing agent having a liquid phase ratio of 5% to 30% at the treatment temperature was added was observed, the liquid phase seemed to fill between the CaO powders. The structure was observed, and at the same time, the railway was also taken up. Thus, the specific gravity of the slag grains containing the base iron becomes large, and a specific gravity of 3.5 or more can be easily obtained, so that the slag particles are easily put into the hot metal by mechanical stirring.
[0014]
【Example】
(Example 1)
In a test melting furnace capable of melting 0.75 ton of hot metal, a desulfurization test was conducted with a 1/7 similarity model of the desulfurization treatment in an actual hot metal ladle shown below. In the mechanical agitation in the desulfurization treatment of the actual hot metal ladle, a 250-ton hot metal accommodated in the hot metal ladle is mechanically agitated by using a four-blade refractory coated agitation impeller with a blade diameter of 1415 mm and length of 855 mm. I do. At this time, the diameter of the rotating shaft is 600 mm. In the stirring impeller used at this time, the upper root radius is 300 mm, the lower root radius is 600 mm, the angle θ is 14 degrees, and the bulging portion is not used. Further, the rotational speed was adjusted so that the ratio of the impeller upper end depth to the hot metal surface recess depth during stirring was 0.7. In the desulfurization test using the 0.75-ton test melting furnace in the present example, a hot metal ladle and a stirring impeller having a shape quite similar to the desulfurization treatment in the above-described actual machine and having a size of 1/7 are used. It was. Moreover, about the rotation speed and immersion depth of the impeller for stirring, the ratio of the impeller upper end depth with respect to the hot metal surface recessed depth at the time of stirring was adjusted to be 0.7.
[0015]
In the desulfurization test in the test melting furnace in this example, CaO powder and iron powder are mixed in advance at a predetermined ratio, then compression molded, and lightly crushed, classified and arranged in size and used as a desulfurizing agent. Using. In the test, the size of the classified desulfurizing agent particles is selected, and the density of the desulfurizing agent particles is also changed by changing the mixing ratio of CaO powder and iron powder. From the change, the suitability of the added desulfurizing agent was judged. Here, the desulfurization rate is
(Before processing [% S] −after processing [% S]) / before processing [% S] × 100,
The desulfurization rate of 70% or more was defined as “good desulfurization rate”, and the suitability of the added desulfurizing agent was judged.
[0016]
In FIG. 1, the specific gravity of the desulfurization agent is changed from a desulfurization agent with a specific gravity of 3.2 mass% of CaO to a desulfurization agent with a specific gravity of 5.9 and a mixing ratio of 29 mass% of CaO. The result of the desulfurization test when changing from 1 mmφ to 40 mmφ is shown. The amount of the desulfurizing agent used was fixed at 5.25 kg (a ratio of 7 kg to 1 ton of hot metal). That is, the larger the size of the desulfurizing agent, the smaller the total number of desulfurizing agent particles and the total surface area of the desulfurizing agent particles. The processing temperature was constant at 1350 ° C. ± 10 ° C. The desulfurizing agent was added all at once from above the hot metal container before the stirring treatment, and stirring was started immediately after the addition. The particle size of the slag particles after the treatment was almost the same as the particle size of the desulfurizing agent particles at the time of addition.
[0017]
From FIG. 1, in any specific gravity of slag grains, the desulfurization rate increases with increasing the particle size of the desulfurizing agent particles up to about several tens mmφ, and conversely decreases as the particle size increases. Further, when the slag particle size was the same, the desulfurization rate increased until the slag particle specific gravity was 4.0, and when it exceeded that, it decreased. As a result, the range in which a desulfurization rate of 70% or more is obtained is that the shape of the desulfurizing agent after the treatment is a sphere equivalent diameter of 3 mmφ or more and 20 mmφ or less, and the specific gravity is 3.0 or more. And it was confirmed that it was 5.5 or less.
[0018]
In this test, the condition that the slag particle specific gravity is 5.5 or less is that the CaO concentration in the slag is 40% by mass or more, and a sufficient desulfurization rate is obtained under the condition that the slag specific gravity exceeds 5.5. The absence means that the CaO concentration falls below 40% by mass within that range. In order to increase the slag specific gravity, when trying to contain a component having a higher specific gravity than CaO, if the CaO content is not set to 40% by mass or more, entrainment can be caused sufficiently, This indicates that the high desulfurization ability of CaO cannot be fully exhibited.
[0019]
Therefore, from this test, it was confirmed that the CaO content in the slag grains was a necessary condition that it was 40% by mass or more. In the case where slag grains are formed by mixing a powder having a specific gravity greater than that of iron powder with CaO, the upper limit of the specific gravity can be set to be larger than 5.5. In this case, the CaO content is 40% by mass or more. Obviously there is a need to be. Furthermore, the upper limit of the specific gravity of the slag grains needs to be lower than the specific gravity of the hot metal regardless of what is added. This is because when the specific gravity of the slag particles is higher than the specific gravity of the hot metal, the slag particles are settled or suspended in the hot metal and are not easily separated.
[0020]
(Example 2)
Using the actual desulfurization equipment with a treated hot metal amount of 250 tons and the stirring conditions shown in Example 1, a desulfurization test was conducted using a desulfurization agent in which various additives shown in Table 1 were mixed with CaO powder having an average diameter of 100 μmφ. The amount of desulfurizing agent added was constant at 7 kg per ton of hot metal, the temperature was between 1300 ° C. and 1400 ° C., and the treatment time was 12 minutes. In addition, MgO, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , and CaF 2 which are additives other than CaO are each made from powder having an average particle diameter of 100 μmφ and physically mixed with CaO powder in advance according to the mixing ratio shown in Table 1. Mixed. The mixed powder thus prepared was added as a desulfurization agent from the top of the hot metal ladle and immediately after the addition, stirring was performed with an impeller.
[0021]
Table 1 shows the desulfurization rate, treatment temperature, liquid phase rate of the desulfurization agent used, average particle size of the treated slag particles, number ratio of particle sizes of 3 mmφ to 20 mmφ, slag The average specific gravity of the grains and the composition of the treated slag grains are shown. Among these, as for the desulfurization rate, in the same manner as in Example 1, a sample having a desulfurization rate of 70% or more was determined as “good desulfurization rate”, and the suitability of the added desulfurizing agent was determined. After the treatment, in many cases, it was in the form of particles containing treated hot metal, and the measurement of the particle size and specific gravity was performed as follows. First, 50 slag grains are arbitrarily sampled, and the volume and mass are measured for each. The diameter of a sphere having the same volume can be obtained using the measured value of the volume, and this was obtained as the equivalent sphere diameter. The specific gravity was determined by the formula (mass: gram) / (volume: cubic cm). As for the slag composition after the treatment, 50 slag grains were similarly sampled, powdered in a mortar without distinguishing each slag grain, iron was separated by magnetic separation, and first, mass% of iron was obtained. Furthermore, about the remaining slag powder, the content concentration of CaO was determined by chemical analysis. Here, after embedded resin polishing, composition analysis of individual slag grains was performed by SEM / EDX analysis. However, there was almost no variation in composition among the slag grains, and the slag composition obtained as described above was almost individual. It confirmed that it was equal to the composition in slag grain. Further, the liquid phase ratio was obtained by evaluation by calculation according to the following method.
[0022]
In order to obtain the liquid phase ratio at a high temperature of the mixture of oxide and fluoride, it is necessary to obtain the equilibrium state of the multicomponent liquid phase and the solid phase by calculation. Here, Fig. 1 on page 107 of Reference Document 1 (Yamada et al., Molten Salt and High Temperature Chemistry, Vol 41, No. 2, 1998). 7 was used to calculate the equilibrium between the liquid phase and the solid phase of the above oxide and fluoride mixture. Here, standard free energy values and activity values of liquid phase and solid phase components are required as data to be input to the equilibrium calculation program. The internal standard free energy value References 2 (H.Gaye and J.Welfringer:.. . Proceedings of "2 nd International Symposium on Metallurgical Slags and Fluxes", Warrendale, PAMet Soc Of AIME, Ed By HAFine and DR Gaskell, 1984, 357) were used as they were. The activity value was handled as follows. That is, the solid phase was assumed to be pure oxide (or fluoride) or an oxide-based compound, and the activity value of the component oxide (or fluoride) was fixed at 1. As for the component activity in the liquid phase, the free energy of mixing is first obtained by the equation (4) on page 102 of Reference 1, and the activity value is derived using the equation (7) on page 103. did. Incidentally, the (4) various interaction parameter values in the formula (physical properties) are Reference 3 (H. Gaye, et.al.:Proceedings of "4 th International Conference on Molten Slags and Fluxes", 1992, Sendai , ISIJ), the value of Table 2 on page 108 was used as it was.
[0023]
By inputting the treatment temperature and the desulfurizing agent composition by the above method, the quantitative ratio of the liquid phase at the treatment temperature, the equilibrium precipitation amount of the solid phase, and the kind of the precipitation solid phase can be obtained. The liquid phase ratio shown in Table 1 was obtained in this way,
(Mass of liquid phase during desulfurization) / (Mass of the entire desulfurization agent) × 100 (%)
Is defined by
[0024]
In Table 1, No. 1 to No. 10 are examples showing that stable high desulfurization ability was obtained by the method of the present invention. In any case, the liquid phase ratio of the additive desulfurizing agent at the treatment temperature is in the range of 5% to 30%, but at this time, the size of the slag particles after the treatment is included in the range of 70% or more from 3 mmφ to 20 mmφ, The specific gravity is 3.5 or more because the slag grains contain ground iron. Moreover, the CaO density | concentration of the post-process slag grain containing a ground iron was 40 mass% or more. That is, in the desulfurization process in which the mechanical stirring is performed with the stirring impeller in the hot metal vessel, the composition of the desulfurizing agent to be added is adjusted so that the liquid phase ratio is in the range of 5% to 30% at the processing temperature. It was confirmed that a stable and high desulfurization ability was obtained because the size and specific gravity of the molten iron were easily poured into the hot metal by rolling granulation during the stirring treatment.
[0025]
No. 11 to No. 16 are comparative examples when the liquid phase ratio is lower than 5% or exceeds 30%. When the liquid phase ratio is lower than 5%, the granulation is insufficient, and the slag particles have a small diameter. Furthermore, the specific gravity increase due to the incorporation of the steel at the time of granulation was insufficient, and the entrapment in the hot metal did not occur effectively, so a high desulfurization ability could not be obtained. On the other hand, when the liquid phase ratio exceeds 30%, the slag grains grow too large and the total surface area of the slag grains becomes small, so that it is understood that the high desulfurization ability cannot be obtained.
[0026]
No. 17 and No. 18 are adjusted so that the liquid phase ratio of the additive desulfurization agent is in the range of 5% to 30%, and granulation is performed properly. A comparative example in which a high desulfurization rate was not obtained because the concentration was lower than 40% by mass is shown.
[0027]
[Table 1]
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
According to the hot metal desulfurization method in the mechanical stirring process using the impeller according to the present invention, by adjusting the size and specific gravity of the desulfurized slag, the addition of the added slag into the hot metal is promoted, and stable high desulfurization ability is achieved. Can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the size and specific gravity of a desulfurizing agent particle and the desulfurization rate.
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