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JP3730767B2 - Purification method of fluorinated silane - Google Patents
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JP3730767B2 - Purification method of fluorinated silane - Google Patents

Purification method of fluorinated silane Download PDF

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JP3730767B2
JP3730767B2 JP27609597A JP27609597A JP3730767B2 JP 3730767 B2 JP3730767 B2 JP 3730767B2 JP 27609597 A JP27609597 A JP 27609597A JP 27609597 A JP27609597 A JP 27609597A JP 3730767 B2 JP3730767 B2 JP 3730767B2
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Prior art keywords
zinc
fluorinated silane
hydrogen chloride
silane
chloride
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JPH11116230A (en
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満也 大橋
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Central Glass Co Ltd
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Central Glass Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、半導体、電子、光学材料等の製造用原料として有用なフッ化シランの不純物である塩化水素の除去精製に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
フッ化シランは、一般に、適当な固体状の金属フッ化物を用いて塩化シランの塩素とフッ素のハロゲン置換反応を行わせることにより得られる。この際使用される金属フッ化物としてはSbF3、ZnF2、SnF4等があり、これら固体状のフッ化物と塩化シランを反応させる方法としては、フッ化物充填層に塩化シランをガス状で通過させる方法、あるいはフッ化物に塩化シランを滴下する方法、フッ化物を適当な有機溶媒に懸濁して塩化シランと反応させる方法等が一般的である(特開昭61−232215号公報、特開昭61−151016号公報、特開昭63−201013号公報)。しかしながら、これらの方法では反応収率、製品純度が満足できるものを得ることが困難であり、本発明者らはフッ化水素を塩化シランと直接反応させることを特徴とするフッ化シランの製造法を開示した(特開平6−287011号公報、特開平8−26715号公報)。この方法では、塩化水素が多量に副生するが、本発明者らは、その除去方法としてエーテルへの塩化水素の選択吸収という手段を用いてフッ化シランの精製を行った。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする問題点】
これらフッ化シランの製造法ではいずれの方法、すなわちフッ素化剤として固体状金属フッ化物を用いる方法でもフッ化水素を用いる方法でも、不純物として塩化水素が混入するため、塩化水素の除去が必要となる。特開平6−287011号公報、特開平8−26715号公報に記載されている塩化水素の除去方法では、次に示す問題点がある。
▲1▼エーテル中へのフッ化シランの溶解により収率が低下する。
▲2▼フッ化シラン中に微量の塩化水素が残留する。
本発明は、かかる従来法の問題点を一掃するものである。
【0004】
フッ化シラン中の塩化水素を除く手段としては、蒸留が最も簡便であるが、塩化水素と沸点が似通ったフッ化シラン(特に請求項1に示されるフッ化シランのうちx=1のもの)は蒸留による除去が困難である。また、塩化水素を除去する方法としては、一般にモレキュラーシーブ、活性炭等の吸着剤を使用する方法、金属粉等との反応による方法、有機溶媒等への選択吸収を利用する方法等が考えられるが、前二者はフッ化シランの不均化反応が起こること、後者は前述のごとく収率低下と微量残留物の問題がある。
【0005】
【問題点を解決するための具体的手段】
本発明者は、これら塩化水素の除去方法を鋭意検討した結果、金属粉に亜鉛を用いることにより、フッ化水素の不均化反応を抑制しつつ塩化水素を簡便にかつ効率よく完全に反応除去する方法を見出し本発明に到達した。
【0006】
すなわち本発明は、塩化水素を含むフッ化シラン(Sixy2+2x-y)(ただしxはx≧1の整数,yは0≦y≦2x+1の整数)を金属亜鉛と接触させることにより、塩化水素を反応除去することを特徴とするフッ化シランの精製法を提供するものである。
【0007】
本発明は、下記反応式(1)に示すようにフッ化シラン中の塩化水素を金属亜鉛と反応させ塩化亜鉛として除去するものである。
反応式(1) 2HCl +Zn → ZnCl2 +H2
【0008】
本発明において、亜鉛の粒径は比較的粒径の大きい亜鉛粒を用いても、粒径の小さい亜鉛末を用いても良い。亜鉛の粒径は、塩化水素の処理能力に関連しており、粒径の小さい亜鉛を用いると処理能力が高くなる。これは、塩化水素の処理能力が亜鉛の表面積に関連しているためであり、粒径の大きい亜鉛では、その表面のみが塩化水素との反応に使用されることに起因している。そのため粒径の小さい亜鉛を用いることが望ましいが、粒径の小さい亜鉛では生成する塩化亜鉛による固結が起こり、閉塞等の問題が生じる。従って、本発明に用いる亜鉛の粒径としては、平均粒径20μm〜2mmのものが好適で、さらに40μm〜1mmのものがより好ましい。
【0009】
また本発明において、塩化水素を含むフッ化シランと亜鉛との接触時間は短い程良く、この目的を達成する方法として、流量を大きくする、希釈して接触させる、減圧下で接触させる等の手法を用いることができる。亜鉛との接触時間が長い場合には、フッ化シランが徐々に不均化反応を起こしやすくなり、純度が低下するため好ましくない。また、接触時間が極端に短い場合には塩化水素が完全に除去できなくなる。従って、接触時間は、接触させるときの温度にもよるが、1〜20秒程度が好ましい。
【0010】
フッ化シランと金属亜鉛を接触させる際の温度は、高温になるとフッ化シランの不均化反応を起こしやすくなり、低温では塩化水素の除去能力が低下する。従って、本発明において接触させる際の温度は、0〜90℃の温度範囲が好適で、さらに10〜80℃の温度範囲がより好ましい。
【0011】
本発明において、亜鉛の粒径、接触時間、及び接触させる際の温度は、フッ化シランの純度、塩化水素の除去効率と密接な関係があり、要求純度、精製効率等を鑑み適宜決定すればよい。
【0012】
フッ化シランと金属亜鉛とを接触させる方法としては、固−気接触、固−液接触の2通りが考えられるが、塩化水素の除去の目的にはどちらの方法を用いても良い。しかしながら、固−液接触の場合には、生成した塩化亜鉛が液体フッ化シラン中に溶解し、純度低下を起こすため、蒸留等の操作が必要となる。フッ化シランが気体の場合にも、有機溶媒等に金属亜鉛を分散し、フッ化シランの吹き込み、溶解により固−液接触が可能であるが、溶媒中に溶解したフッ化シランと亜鉛との接触時間が長くなるため好ましくない。
【0013】
本発明において、使用する装置材質は、ニッケル、ニッケル合金、ステンレス等が好ましい。銅を含む材料を用いることは、不均化反応を助長するため好ましくない。また、上記に挙げた金属材料についても、表面が粗いものは好ましくなく、平滑度の高いもの、好ましくは鏡面仕上げとなったものを用いる。これにより、反応中の不均化反応を抑え純度低下を防ぐことができる。また、本発明による精製装置の後段、すなわち精製されたガスが導出される部分には、フィルターを備えることが好ましい。これは、精製に用いている亜鉛粉末や、生成する塩化亜鉛の同伴を防ぐことを目的としており、精製ガスの不均化反応を抑えることができる。フィルターは、装置と同様の材質が好ましく、亜鉛や塩化亜鉛の飛散粒子が濾過できる孔径のものを適宜使用する。
【0014】
以上述べたように、フッ化シランを精製する場合、不均化反応による純度低下を特に注意する必要がある。本発明において、不均化反応を防止する最大の特徴として、予じめフッ化シランで暴露した金属亜鉛を用いることが挙げられる。具体的には、カラムに金属亜鉛を充填した充填層にフッ化シランを封入し、一定時間暴露した後、封入したフッ化シランを排気し、この暴露した金属亜鉛を用いるものである。これにより、フッ化シランの不均化反応は格段に抑えることができる。暴露する時間は、長い程良いが、通常10分程度で不均化反応抑制効果が得られ、10分以内では抑制効果が弱まる。
【0015】
また、本発明における精製されるフッ化シラン中の塩化水素濃度は、特に限定されるものではなく、低濃度の塩化水素も高濃度の塩化水素もほとんど完全に除去することができる。したがって、先にも述べたようにフッ化シランの製造法として、塩化シランとフッ化水素の反応を用いた比較的塩化水素が多い場合、塩化シランと金属フッ化物の反応を用いた比較的塩化水素が少ない場合の両方に使用できる。
【0016】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例により詳細に説明するが、本発明はかかる実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0017】
実施例1〜5
φ1/4インチ×640mmのSUS304製パイプに、平均粒径150μmの亜鉛粒を20g充填し、SiH2Cl2とHFとの気相反応により得た粗SiH22ガスを通じて出口ガスを5分間捕集し、GC及びFT−IRで測定した。この結果を表1に示す。
【0018】
【表1】

Figure 0003730767
【0019】
実施例6〜7
精製前ガスとしてSiH3ClとHFとの気相反応により得た粗SiH3Fガスを用いる以外は実施例1〜5と同様にして、GC及びFT−IRで測定した。この結果を表2に示す。なお実施例7には、粗SiH3Fガスを窒素で2倍に希釈したガスを用いて精製した結果を示した。
【0020】
【表2】
Figure 0003730767
【0021】
実施例8〜9
精製前ガスとしてSiHCl3とHFとの気相反応により得た粗SiHF3ガスを用いる以外は実施例1〜5と同様にして、GC及びFT−IRで測定した。この結果を表3に示す。なお実施例9には、金属亜鉛として平均粒径40μmの亜鉛末を用いた。
【0022】
【表3】
Figure 0003730767
【0023】
実施例10〜12
精製操作を行う前処理としてSiH22を亜鉛カラムに導入して封入後、排気する工程を実施する以外は実施例1〜5と同様にして、GC及びFT−IRで測定した。この結果を表4に示す。
【0024】
【表4】
Figure 0003730767
【0025】
実施例13
HClが2%含まれているSiH22を粗ガスとして使用する以外は実施例10〜12と同様にして、GC及びFT−IRで測定した。この結果を表5に示す。
【0026】
【表5】
Figure 0003730767
【0027】
【発明の効果】
本発明の方法により、反応工程で混入するフッ化シラン中の不純物塩化水素を、フッ化シランの不均化反応を抑制しつつ除去精製することができ、より純度の高いフッ化シランを簡便にかつ工業的に得ることが可能となる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to removal and purification of hydrogen chloride, which is an impurity of fluorinated silane, which is useful as a raw material for producing semiconductors, electronics, optical materials and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, the fluorinated silane can be obtained by performing a halogen substitution reaction between chlorine and fluorine of silane chloride using an appropriate solid metal fluoride. The metal fluoride used at this time includes SbF 3 , ZnF 2 , SnF 4 and the like. As a method of reacting these solid fluoride and silane chloride, silane chloride is passed through the fluoride packed layer in the form of gas. Or a method of dropping silane chloride into fluoride, a method of suspending fluoride in an appropriate organic solvent and reacting with silane chloride, etc. (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-232215, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open 61-151016, JP-A 63-201013). However, in these methods, it is difficult to obtain a product with satisfactory reaction yield and product purity, and the present inventors have prepared a method for producing fluorinated silane characterized by reacting hydrogen fluoride directly with silane chloride. (JP-A-6-287011, JP-A-8-26715). In this method, a large amount of hydrogen chloride is by-produced, but the present inventors have purified fluorinated silane by means of selective absorption of hydrogen chloride into ether as a method for removing the hydrogen chloride.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In any of these methods for producing fluorinated silanes, that is, a method using solid metal fluoride as a fluorinating agent or a method using hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride is mixed in as an impurity, and therefore it is necessary to remove hydrogen chloride. Become. The hydrogen chloride removal methods described in JP-A-6-287011 and JP-A-8-26715 have the following problems.
(1) Yield decreases due to dissolution of fluorinated silane in ether.
(2) A trace amount of hydrogen chloride remains in the fluorinated silane.
The present invention eliminates the problems of such conventional methods.
[0004]
As a means for removing hydrogen chloride in fluorinated silane, distillation is the simplest, but fluorinated silane having a boiling point similar to hydrogen chloride (particularly x = 1 of the fluorinated silanes shown in claim 1). Is difficult to remove by distillation. In addition, as a method for removing hydrogen chloride, generally, a method using an adsorbent such as molecular sieve or activated carbon, a method by reaction with metal powder, a method using selective absorption in an organic solvent, or the like can be considered. The former two cause the disproportionation reaction of fluorinated silane, and the latter has the problem of yield reduction and trace residue as described above.
[0005]
[Concrete means for solving the problem]
As a result of intensive studies of these hydrogen chloride removal methods, the present inventor has completed the reaction removal of hydrogen chloride simply and efficiently while suppressing the disproportionation reaction of hydrogen fluoride by using zinc as the metal powder. We have found a way to achieve the present invention.
[0006]
That is, the present invention provides fluorinated silane (Si x H y F 2 + 2x-y) ( where x is an integer of x ≧ 1, y is 0 ≦ y ≦ 2x + 1 integers) containing hydrogen chloride to the contact with the metallic zinc Thus, the present invention provides a method for purifying fluorinated silane, characterized by reacting and removing hydrogen chloride.
[0007]
In the present invention, as shown in the following reaction formula (1), hydrogen chloride in fluorinated silane is reacted with metallic zinc and removed as zinc chloride.
Reaction formula (1) 2HCl + Zn → ZnCl 2 + H 2
[0008]
In the present invention, zinc particles having a relatively large particle size may be used, or zinc powder having a small particle size may be used. The particle size of zinc is related to the treatment capacity of hydrogen chloride, and the use of zinc with a small particle diameter increases the treatment capacity. This is because the treatment capacity of hydrogen chloride is related to the surface area of zinc, and in the case of zinc having a large particle size, only the surface thereof is used for the reaction with hydrogen chloride. For this reason, it is desirable to use zinc having a small particle diameter. However, in zinc having a small particle diameter, solidification occurs due to the generated zinc chloride, which causes problems such as blockage. Therefore, the particle diameter of zinc used in the present invention is preferably an average particle diameter of 20 μm to 2 mm, and more preferably 40 μm to 1 mm.
[0009]
In the present invention, the shorter the contact time between fluorinated silane containing hydrogen chloride and zinc, the better. As a method for achieving this purpose, a method of increasing the flow rate, diluting contact, contacting under reduced pressure, etc. Can be used. When the contact time with zinc is long, fluorinated silane tends to cause a disproportionation reaction gradually, and the purity is not preferable. Further, when the contact time is extremely short, hydrogen chloride cannot be completely removed. Accordingly, the contact time is preferably about 1 to 20 seconds, although it depends on the temperature at which the contact is made.
[0010]
When the temperature at which the fluorinated silane and the metal zinc are brought into contact with each other becomes high, a disproportionation reaction of the fluorinated silane tends to occur, and at a low temperature, the ability to remove hydrogen chloride decreases. Therefore, the temperature at the time of contacting in the present invention is preferably a temperature range of 0 to 90 ° C, and more preferably a temperature range of 10 to 80 ° C.
[0011]
In the present invention, the particle size of zinc, the contact time, and the temperature at the time of contact are closely related to the purity of fluorinated silane and the removal efficiency of hydrogen chloride, and can be appropriately determined in view of the required purity, purification efficiency, etc. Good.
[0012]
There are two possible methods for bringing the fluorinated silane and metal zinc into contact with each other: solid-gas contact and solid-liquid contact. Either method may be used for the purpose of removing hydrogen chloride. However, in the case of solid-liquid contact, the generated zinc chloride dissolves in the liquid fluorinated silane and causes a decrease in purity, so that an operation such as distillation is necessary. Even when the fluorinated silane is a gas, metal zinc is dispersed in an organic solvent or the like, and solid-liquid contact is possible by blowing and dissolving the fluorinated silane. Since the contact time becomes long, it is not preferable.
[0013]
In the present invention, the device material used is preferably nickel, nickel alloy, stainless steel or the like. Use of a material containing copper is not preferable because it promotes the disproportionation reaction. As for the metal materials mentioned above, those having a rough surface are not preferable, and those having high smoothness, preferably those having a mirror finish are used. Thereby, the disproportionation reaction during reaction can be suppressed and a purity fall can be prevented. Moreover, it is preferable to provide a filter in the latter stage of the purification apparatus according to the present invention, that is, in the portion from which the purified gas is derived. This is intended to prevent entrainment of zinc powder used for refining and the generated zinc chloride, and can suppress the disproportionation reaction of the purified gas. The filter is preferably made of the same material as that of the apparatus, and a filter having a pore size capable of filtering scattered particles of zinc and zinc chloride is appropriately used.
[0014]
As described above, when purifying fluorinated silanes, it is necessary to pay particular attention to the decrease in purity due to the disproportionation reaction. In the present invention, the greatest feature for preventing the disproportionation reaction is to use metallic zinc previously exposed to fluorinated silane. Specifically, fluorinated silane is sealed in a packed bed in which metal zinc is packed in a column, exposed for a certain period of time, then the sealed fluorinated silane is exhausted, and the exposed metal zinc is used. Thereby, the disproportionation reaction of fluorinated silane can be remarkably suppressed. The longer the exposure time, the better, but usually the effect of suppressing the disproportionation reaction is obtained in about 10 minutes, and the effect of suppressing is weakened within 10 minutes.
[0015]
Further, the concentration of hydrogen chloride in the fluorinated silane to be purified in the present invention is not particularly limited, and both low concentration hydrogen chloride and high concentration hydrogen chloride can be almost completely removed. Therefore, as described above, as a method for producing fluorinated silane, when there is a relatively large amount of hydrogen chloride using a reaction of silane chloride and hydrogen fluoride, a relatively chlorinated solution using a reaction of silane chloride and metal fluoride is used. Can be used for both cases where hydrogen is low.
[0016]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention in detail, this invention is not limited to this Example.
[0017]
Examples 1-5
A SUS304 pipe of φ1 / 4 inch × 640 mm was filled with 20 g of zinc particles having an average particle diameter of 150 μm, and the outlet gas was passed through the crude SiH 2 F 2 gas obtained by the gas phase reaction between SiH 2 Cl 2 and HF for 5 minutes. Collected and measured by GC and FT-IR. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0018]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003730767
[0019]
Examples 6-7
Measurement was performed by GC and FT-IR in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 5 except that crude SiH 3 F gas obtained by gas phase reaction of SiH 3 Cl and HF was used as the gas before purification. The results are shown in Table 2. Example 7 shows the result of purification using a gas obtained by diluting crude SiH 3 F gas with nitrogen twice.
[0020]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003730767
[0021]
Examples 8-9
Measurement was performed by GC and FT-IR in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 5 except that crude SiHF 3 gas obtained by a gas phase reaction between SiHCl 3 and HF was used as the pre-purification gas. The results are shown in Table 3. In Example 9, zinc dust having an average particle diameter of 40 μm was used as metallic zinc.
[0022]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003730767
[0023]
Examples 10-12
After encapsulation by introducing SiH 2 F 2 Zinc column as the preprocessing of the purification operation, except to carry out the process of exhausting in the same manner as in Example 1-5, was measured by GC and FT-IR. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0024]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003730767
[0025]
Example 13
Except using SiH 2 F 2 where HCl is contained 2% for the crude gas in the same manner as in Examples 10 to 12 were measured by GC and FT-IR. The results are shown in Table 5.
[0026]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003730767
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method of the present invention, impurity hydrogen chloride in fluorinated silane mixed in the reaction step can be removed and purified while suppressing the disproportionation reaction of fluorinated silane. And it becomes possible to obtain industrially.

Claims (3)

塩化水素を含むフッ化シラン(Sixy2+2x-y)(ただしxはx≧1の整数,yは0≦y≦2x+1の整数)を金属亜鉛と接触させ、塩化水素を反応除去することを特徴とするフッ化シランの精製法。Fluorosilane containing hydrogen chloride (Si x H y F 2 + 2x-y ) (where x is an integer of x ≧ 1 and y is an integer of 0 ≦ y ≦ 2x + 1) is contacted with metallic zinc to react with hydrogen chloride A method for purifying fluorinated silane, comprising removing the silane. 金属亜鉛が、平均粒径20μm〜2mmであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のフッ化シランの精製法。The method for purifying fluorinated silane according to claim 1, wherein the metal zinc has an average particle diameter of 20 μm to 2 mm. 予じめフッ化シランで10分以上暴露した金属亜鉛を用いることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2記載のフッ化シランの精製法。3. The method for purifying fluorinated silane according to claim 1 or 2, wherein metallic zinc previously exposed to fluorinated silane for 10 minutes or more is used.
JP27609597A 1997-10-08 1997-10-08 Purification method of fluorinated silane Expired - Fee Related JP3730767B2 (en)

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