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JP3733017B2 - Lithium secondary battery - Google Patents
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JP3733017B2 - Lithium secondary battery - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3733017B2
JP3733017B2 JP2000317583A JP2000317583A JP3733017B2 JP 3733017 B2 JP3733017 B2 JP 3733017B2 JP 2000317583 A JP2000317583 A JP 2000317583A JP 2000317583 A JP2000317583 A JP 2000317583A JP 3733017 B2 JP3733017 B2 JP 3733017B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
battery
electrode terminal
positive electrode
lithium secondary
secondary battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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JP2000317583A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2002124247A (en
Inventor
勝功 柳田
晃 木下
敦志 柳井
佳典 喜田
淳浩 船橋
俊之 能間
育郎 米津
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、電池缶内に発電要素となる電極体が収容されて、該電極体が発生する電力を外部へ取り出すことが可能なリチウム二次電池に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、携帯型電子機器、電気自動車等の電源として、大きなエネルギー密度を有するリチウム二次電池が使用されている。
【0003】
リチウム二次電池は、例えば図4及び図5に示す如く、筒体(1)の両端部に蓋体(2)(2)を溶接固定してなる円筒状の電池缶(3)の内部に、巻き取り電極体(4)を収容して構成されている。両蓋体(2)(2)には、正負一対の電極端子機構(70)(70)が取り付けられており、巻き取り電極体(4)と各電極端子機構(70)とが、複数の集電タブ(6)を介して互いに接続されて、巻き取り電極体(4)が発生する電力を一対の電極端子機構(70)(70)から外部に取り出すことが可能となっている。電池缶(3)内の巻き取り電極体(4)は、電解質を溶媒に溶解してなる電解液に浸漬されている。又、蓋体(2)には圧力開閉式のガス排出弁(7)が取り付けられている。
【0004】
巻き取り電極体(4)は、図5に示す様に、正極(41)と、非水電解液が含浸されたセパレータ(42)と、負極(43)とを重ね合わせ、これらを渦巻状に巻回して構成されている。正極(41)及び負極(43)からは夫々複数本の集電タブ(6)が引き出され、極性が同じ複数本の集電タブ(6)の先端部(61)が1つの電極端子機構(70)に接続されている。尚、図5においては、便宜上、一部の集電タブ(6)の先端部(61)が電極端子機構(70)に接続されている状態のみを示し、他の集電タブ(6)については、先端部(61)が電極端子機構(70)に接続されている状態の図示を省略している。
【0005】
両電極端子機構(70)はそれぞれ、電池缶(3)の蓋体(2)を貫通して取り付けられたネジ部材からなる正極端子(71)を具え、該正極端子(71)の基端部には鍔部(72)が形成されている。蓋体(2)の貫通孔には、樹脂製の絶縁部材(73)が装着され、蓋体(2)と正極端子(71)の間の電気的絶縁性とシール性が保たれている。正極端子(71)には、電池缶(3)の外側からワッシャ(74)が嵌められると共に、第1ナット(75)及び第2ナット(76)が螺合している。そして、第1ナット(75)を締め付けて、正極端子(71)の鍔部(72)とワッシャ(74)によって絶縁部材(73)を狭圧することにより、シール性を高めている。又、第2ナット(76)は、外部回路との接続に利用される。
【0006】
尚、正極側の電極端子機構(70)は高電位を示すため、高電位を示した状態でも化学的な安定性に優れているアルミニウム或いはその合金を用いて作製されている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、アルミニウム或いはその合金は空気中で容易に酸化され、電極端子機構(70)の表面に絶縁物である酸化皮膜が形成されるため、電極端子機構(70)の外部回路との接続部分の抵抗(以下、接続抵抗と言う)が大きくなる問題があった。
そこで、正極側の電極端子機構(70)の表面を、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金よりも酸化し難い金属を用いて被覆し、外部回路と接続する部分に酸化皮膜が形成されることを防止する方法(特開平11−339760号)が提案されている。
【0008】
しかしながら、正極側の電極端子機構の表面をアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金よりも酸化し難い金属を用いて被覆したリチウム二次電池においても、電池の保存が長期間となる場合や電池を高温状態で保存する場合には、前記被覆の表面に酸化皮膜が形成されるため、同様に接続抵抗が大きくなる問題があった。
【0009】
又、リチウム二次電池を高温状態で保存する場合においては、正極側の電極端子機構のうち電池缶内部に位置している部位に電解液が付着すると、該電極端子機構の表面が腐食し、その腐食反応により、電解液中のリチウムイオンの量が減少して電池反応が低下するため、保存前に比較して電池内部の抵抗(以下、内部抵抗と言う)が増大する問題があった。
【0010】
本発明の目的は、長期間或いは高温状態で保存した後においても、接続抵抗並びに内部抵抗が増大することのないリチウム二次電池を提供することである。
【0011】
【課題を解決する為の手段】
本発明に係るリチウム二次電池においては、電池缶の内部に、正極と負極の間に電解液を含むセパレータを介在させてこれらを積層してなる電極体が収納され、該電極体が発生する電力を正負一対の電極端子機構から外部へ取り出すことが出来る。
正極側の電極端子機構の表面には、少なくとも、外部回路との接続に用いる領域と電池缶内の電解液が付着する虞のある領域に、遷移金属を含有するセラミックス材料からなる被覆層が形成されている。
尚、正極側の電極端子機構は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金を材料として作製されている。
【0012】
上記本発明のリチウム二次電池においては、両電極端子機構に外部回路が接続されることによって電力が取り出される。尚、正極側の電極端子機構においては、前記被覆層の表面に外部回路が接続される。
正極側の電極端子機構のうち、電池缶の外部に位置している部位においては、少なくとも外部回路との接続に用いる領域に、遷移金属を含有するセラミックス材料からなる被覆層が形成されているので、その領域では、電極端子機構の表面が空気と接触せず、従って酸化皮膜が形成されることはない。
更に、長期間或いは高温状態での保存後であっても、前記被覆層は酸化され難いので、その表面に酸化皮膜が形成される虞はない。
従って、正極側の電極端子機構の接続抵抗が増大することはない。
【0013】
又、正極側の電極端子機構のうち、電池缶内部に位置している部位においては、少なくとも電解液が付着する虞がある領域に、遷移金属を含有するセラミックス材料からなる被覆層が形成されているので、その領域では、電極端子機構の表面が電解液と接触せず、電極端子機構が腐食したり、腐食反応により電解液の組成が変化する虞はない。
更に、該被覆層は、高温状態において化学的な安定性に優れているので、高温の電解液と接触して腐食したり、腐食反応により電解液の組成が変化する虞はない。
従って、電池反応は安定しており、内部抵抗が増大することはない。
【0014】
本発明の具体的構成において、セラミックス材料は窒化物である。
該具体的構成において、遷移金属を含有するセラミックス材料は窒化物であるから、硬度が高く、且つ熱的にも化学的にも安定である。又、その結晶構造は金属と同様の格子配列を有するので、導電性に優れている。従って、前記セラミックス材料からなる被覆層の接続抵抗は小さい。更に、前記セラミックス材料からなる被覆層は、電解液と反応しないので、電解液の組成が変化することはない。従って、電池反応は安定しており、内部抵抗が増大することはない。
尚、前記セラミックス材料としては、ホウ化物、炭化物、窒化物、及びケイ化物等のセラミックス材料を用いることが可能である。
【0015】
更に他の具体的構成において、セラミックス材料は遷移金属としてチタン及び/又はジルコニウムを含有している。
該具体的構成において、前記セラミックス材料の結晶構造は、金属と同様の格子配列を有する極めて安定な結晶構造であるので、電解液と接触しても反応することはない。
従って、電池反応は安定しており、内部抵抗が増大することはない。
【0016】
【発明の効果】
本発明のリチウム二次電池によれば、長期間或いは高温状態で保存した後においても、接続抵抗並びに内部抵抗の増大は小さい。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態につき、図面に沿って具体的に説明する。
図1及び図2に示す如く、本発明のリチウム二次電池は、筒体(1)の両端部に蓋体(2)(2)を溶接固定してなる筒状の電池缶(3)の内部に、巻き取り電極体(4)を収容して構成されている。両蓋体(2)(2)には、正負一対の電極端子機構(5)(50)が取り付けられており、巻き取り電極体(4)と両電極端子機構(5)(50)とがそれぞれ、複数の集電タブ(6)を介して互いに接続されて、巻き取り電極体(4)が発生する電力を一対の電極端子機構(5)(50)から外部に取り出すことが可能となっている。電池缶(3)内の巻き取り電極体(4)は、電解質を溶媒に溶解してなる電解液に浸漬されている。又、蓋体(2)には圧力開閉式のガス排出弁(7)が取り付けられている。尚、図2においては、便宜上、一部の集電タブ(6)の先端部(61)が、電極端子機構(5)に接続されている状態のみを示し、他の集電タブ(6)については、先端部(61)が電極端子機構(5)に接続されている状態の図示を省略している。
【0018】
正極側の電極端子機構(5)は、電池缶(3)の蓋体(2)を貫通して取り付けられたネジ部材からなる正極端子(51)を具え、該正極端子(51)の基端部には鍔部(52)が形成されている。蓋体(2)の貫通孔には、樹脂製の絶縁部材(53)が装着され、蓋体(2)と正極端子(51)の間の電気的絶縁性とシール性が保たれている。正極端子(51)には、電池缶(3)の外側からワッシャ(54)が嵌められると共に、第1ナット(55)及び第2ナット(56)が螺合している。そして、第1ナット(55)を締め付けて、正極端子(51)の鍔部(52)とワッシャ(54)によって絶縁部材(53)を狭圧することにより、シール性を高めている。又、第1ナット(55)と第2ナット(56)の間に接続部材(97)を狭持して、外部回路との接続を行なう。
負極側の電極端子機構(50)も、正極側の電極端子機構(5)と同様に構成されている。
【0019】
但し、正極側の電極端子機構(5)の正極端子(51)、鍔部(52)、ワッシャ(54)、第1ナット(55)、及び第2ナット(56)の表面は、遷移金属を含有するセラミックス材料からなる被覆層(51a)(52a)(54a)(55a)(56a)に覆われている。
尚、遷移金属を含有するセラミックス材料を被覆する方法としては、熱CVD法やプラズマCVD法等の薄膜形成法を採用することが出来る。又、前記被覆層の厚さは、0.5μm〜200μmであることが好ましい。
【0020】
電極端子機構(5)のうち電池缶(3)の外部に位置する正極端子(51)、ワッシャ(54)、第1ナット(55)、及び第2ナット(56)の表面は、前記被覆層に覆われているので、酸素と接触することがない。更に前記被覆層は化学的な安定性に優れているので、その表面に酸化皮膜が形成されることがない。従って、正極端子機構(5)の接続抵抗が増大することはない。
【0021】
又、電極端子機構(5)のうち電池缶(3)の内部に位置する正極端子(51)、及び鍔部(52)の表面は、前記被覆層に覆われているので電解液と接触することがなく、腐食により電解液の組成が変化することはないので、電池反応が安定している。更に、高温状態において被覆層(51a)(52a)は化学的に安定であり、その表面が電解液と反応することはないので、電池反応は安定したものとなる。従って、高温状態で保存することにより内部抵抗が増大することはない。
【0022】
本発明の他の実施形態として、図3に示す如く、正極端子(91)、第1ナット(95)、及び第2ナット(96)の接続部材(97)との接触部分と、鍔部(92)の表面部分のみに、被覆層(91a)(92a)(95a)(96a)を形成してもよい。接続部材(97)が接触する被覆層(91a)(95a)(96a)の表面には、酸化皮膜が形成されることがないので、長期間の保存によって接続抵抗が増大することはない。
【0023】
本発明のリチウム二次電池の製造方法につき、図3を用いて説明する。
正極側の電極端子機構(9)の構成部材である正極端子(91)、正極端子(91)の鍔部(92)、第1ナット(95)、及び第2ナット(96)を作製して、それらの表面に遷移金属を含有するセラミックス材料からなる被覆層(91a)(92a)(95a)(96a)を形成する。又、それぞれ帯状の正極と負極の間にセパレータ(42)を挟むと共に、正極と負極とを幅方向へずらして重ね合わせ、これらを渦巻き状に巻き取って巻き取り電極体(4)を作製し、巻き取り電極体(4)の各端面(48)に集電板(32)を溶接により接合する。
続いて、集電板(32)と蓋体(12)に取り付けられている正極端子(91)の鍔部(92)とを、リード部材(33)を介して接続する。負極側においても同様にして、集電板と負極端子とを接続する。
その後、筒体(11)の内部に巻き取り電極体(4)を収容して、筒体(11)の各開口部に蓋体(12)を溶接固定する。そして、正極端子(91)にワッシャ(94)を嵌めると共に、第1ナット(95)、及び第2ナット(96)を螺合せしめる。負極側の電極端子機構も同様にして組み立て、最後に電池缶(30)内に電解液を注入して、本発明電池を完成する。
【0024】
尚、正極側の電極端子機構の表面と前記被覆層との接合強度を向上させるべく、電極端子機構の各構成部材の表面に、アルミニウム或いはその合金以外の金属を被覆する等の前処理を施した後、遷移金属を含有するセラミックス材料を被覆することも可能である。
又、本発明の電池の形状は、円筒状に限定されることなく、角筒形状等、種々の形状とすることが出来る。
【0025】
以下、本発明に係る発明電池1〜発明電池4、及び比較例電池1及び比較例電池2を作製し、各電池について、接続抵抗と内部抵抗の合計値である電池抵抗を測定した。
【0026】
発明電池1
正極側の電極端子機構の作製及び組立
図2に示す如く、正極側の電極端子機構(5)のうち正極端子(51)、正極端子(51)の鍔部(52)、ワッシャ(54)、第1ナット(55)、及び第2ナット(56)の表面に、遷移金属を含有する窒化物セラミックス材料の窒化ジルコニウム(ZrN)からなる被覆層(51a)(52a)(54a)(55a)(56a)を形成した。そして、正極端子(51)を絶縁部材(53)を介して蓋体(2)に取り付けると共に、正極端子(51)にワッシャ(54)を嵌めると共に、第1ナット(55)及び第2ナット(56)を螺合せしめ、電極端子機構(5)を組み立てた。尚、正極端子(51)、鍔部(52)、ワッシャ(54)、第1ナット(55)、及び第2ナット(56)は、アルミニウムから形成されている。
【0027】
負極側の電極端子機構の作製及び組立
負極側の電極端子機構は、前記正極側の電極端子機構と同様に作製して組み立てた。但し、負極端子、負極端子の鍔部、ワッシャ、第1ナット、及び第2ナットは、銅から形成され、その表面に被覆層は形成されていない。
【0028】
正極の作製
コバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO)粉末と、炭素粉末からなる導電剤と、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)からなる結着剤とを、重量比で90:5:5の割合に混合して正極合剤を得た。この正極合剤にN−メチル−2−ピロリドンを加えてスラリー状としたものをアルミニウム箔に塗布し、これを圧延した後、幅240mmに切断して帯状の正極(41)を作製した。
【0029】
負極の作製
天然の黒鉛粉末と、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)からなる結着剤を、重量比で90:10の割合に混合して負極合剤を得た。この負極合剤にN−メチル−2−ピロリドンを加えてスラリー状としたものを銅箔に塗布し、これを圧延した後、幅250mmに切断して帯状の負極(43)を作製した。
【0030】
電解液の調製
エチレンカーボネート(EC)とジエチルカーボネート(DEC)とを体積比で1:1の割合に混合して混合溶媒を作製した。この混合溶媒に六フッ化リン酸リチウムを1モル/リットルの割合で溶解して電解液を調製した。
【0031】
巻き取り電極体の作製
前記の正極(41)及び負極(43)を用いて巻き取り電極体(4)を作製した。作製方法は従来の方法と同じであって、正極(41)と負極(43)の間にポリエチレン製の微多孔性薄膜からなるセパレータ(42)を挟んで重ね合わせ、これらを渦巻き状に巻き取って巻き取り電極体(4)を作製した。尚、正極(41)及び負極(43)からは夫々複数本の集電タブ(6)が引き出されている。
【0032】
電池の組立
リチウム二次電池の組立方法は従来と同じであって、先ず、巻き取り電極体(4)から伸びている集電タブ(6)の先端部(61)を、蓋体(2)に取り付けられている電極端子機構(5)の鍔部(52)に接続した。その後、筒体(1)の内部に巻き取り電極体(4)を収容して、筒体(1)の両開口部に蓋体(2)(2)を溶接固定した。最後に、電池缶(3)内に電解液を注入して、直径60mm、高さ330mmの円筒型の発明電池1を完成した。
【0033】
発明電池2
正極側の電極端子機構(5)に、遷移金属を含有する窒化物セラミックス材料である窒化チタン(TiN)の被覆層を形成したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、発明電池2を作製した。
発明電池3
正極側の電極端子機構(5)に、遷移金属を含有する窒化物セラミックス材料である窒化クロム(CrN)の被覆層を形成したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、発明電池3を作製した。
発明電池4
正極側の電極端子機構(5)に、遷移金属を含有する炭化物セラミックス材料である炭化ジルコニウム(ZrC)の被覆層を形成したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、発明電池4を作製した。
比較例電池1
正極側の電極端子機構(5)に被覆層を形成することなく、その他は実施例1と同様にして、比較例電池1を作製した。
比較例電池2
正極側の電極端子機構(5)に銀メッキを施して被覆層を形成したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、比較例電池2を作製した。
【0034】
電池抵抗の測定
発明電池1〜発明電池4、比較例電池1及び比較例電池2の保存前及び保存後の電池抵抗を次の様にして測定した。
先ず8.8Aの定電流で電池容量70Ahの50%深度(35Ah)まで充電を行ない、次に、8.8A、17.5A、35A、70Aの各電流値で10秒間の放電を行ない、電池の開回路電圧の降下を測定した。この測定結果から保存前の電池抵抗を算出した。
尚、各電極端子機構の第1ナットと第2ナットの間に測定装置のリード端子を狭持して、測定装置と正負一対の電極端子機構を接続した。
次に、8.8Aの定電流で2.7Vまで放電を行なった。そして各電池を60℃の恒温槽において10日間保存した。
保存後の電池抵抗は、保存前の電池抵抗と同様にして算出した。
【0035】
測定結果
電池抵抗の測定結果を表1に示す。
【0036】
【表1】

Figure 0003733017
【0037】
表1から明らかな様に、遷移金属を含有するセラミックス材料を用いて正極側の電極端子機構を被覆した発明電池1〜発明電池4は、比較例電池1及び比較例電池2と比較して保存後の電池抵抗の増大が小さい。
この理由は、正極側の電極端子機構のうち、電池缶の外部に位置する部位の表面に酸化皮膜が形成されず、接続抵抗が増大しなかったからである。又、電池缶の内部に位置する部位が電解液と接触しても腐食反応を起こさず、電解液の組成が変化しなかったために、電池反応の変化が小さかったからである。
【0038】
又、被覆層が遷移金属を含有する窒化物セラミックス材料により形成されている発明電池1〜発明電池3は、被覆層が炭化ジルコニウム(ZrC)により形成されている発明電池4よりも保存後の電池抵抗の増大が小さい。
この理由は、窒化物セラミックス材料が、炭化物セラミックス材料よりも化学的な安定性に優れているためである。
【0039】
更に、被覆層がジルコニウム或いはチタンを含有する窒化物セラミックス材料により形成されている発明電池1及び発明電池2は、被覆層が窒化クロム(CrN)により形成されている発明電池3よりも保存後の電池抵抗の増大が小さい。
この理由は、ジルコニウム或いはチタンを含有する窒化物セラミックス材料が、窒化クロムより化学的な安定性に優れているためである。
【0040】
尚、正極端子機構の材質としてアルミニウム合金を使用した場合においても同様の効果を得ることが出来る。
【0041】
又、本発明の電池における正極合剤としては、従来から使用されている種々の材料を用いることが出来る。例えば、リチウムコバルト酸化物(LiCoO)、リチウムニッケル酸化物(LiNiO)、リチウムマンガン酸化物(LiMn)等のリチウム金属酸化物、酸化クロム、酸化チタン、酸化コバルト、五酸化バナジウム等の金属酸化物、硫化チタン、硫化モリブデン等の遷移金属のカルコゲン化合物等である。これらをアセチレンブラック、カーボンブラック等の導電剤、及びポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)等の結着剤と混合して、正極合剤として用いることが出来る。
【0042】
又、本発明の電池における負極合剤の材料としては、リチウム原子の挿入及び離脱が可能な、金属リチウム、リチウム合金、炭素材料、金属酸化物等を用いることが出来る。
【0043】
又、本発明の電池における電解液としては、エチレンカーボネート(EC)とジエチルカーボネート(DEC)の混合溶媒等、種々の電解液を用いることができる。又、電解質として六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF)等、種々の電解質を用いることが出来る。
【0044】
更に又、本発明の電池におけるセパレータとしては、イオン導電性に優れたポリエチレン製やポリプロピレン製の微多孔性膜など、従来からリチウム二次電池用として使用されている種々のセパレータを用いることが出来る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係るリチウム二次電池の外観斜視図である。
【図2】該二次電池の要部を表わす部分断面図である。
【図3】本発明電池の他の実施例を表わす部分断面図である。
【図4】従来のリチウム二次電池の外観斜視図である。
【図5】該二次電池の部分断面図である。
【符号の説明】
(3) 電池缶
(5) 電極端子機構
(51) 正極端子
(51a) 被覆層
(52) 鍔部
(52a) 被覆層
(53) 絶縁部材
(54) ワッシャ
(54a) 被覆層
(55) 第1ナット
(55a) 被覆層
(56) 第2ナット
(56a) 被覆層
(6) 集電タブ
(9) 電極端子機構
(70) 電極端子機構[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery in which an electrode body serving as a power generation element is accommodated in a battery can and the electric power generated by the electrode body can be taken out to the outside.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, lithium secondary batteries having a large energy density have been used as power sources for portable electronic devices, electric vehicles and the like.
[0003]
For example, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the lithium secondary battery is disposed inside a cylindrical battery can (3) formed by welding and fixing lids (2) and (2) to both ends of the cylinder (1). The winding electrode body (4) is accommodated. A pair of positive and negative electrode terminal mechanisms (70), (70) is attached to both lid bodies (2), (2), and the winding electrode body (4) and each electrode terminal mechanism (70) are a plurality of Connected to each other via the current collecting tab (6), the electric power generated by the winding electrode body (4) can be taken out from the pair of electrode terminal mechanisms (70) and (70). The wound electrode body (4) in the battery can (3) is immersed in an electrolytic solution obtained by dissolving an electrolyte in a solvent. The lid (2) is provided with a pressure open / close gas discharge valve (7).
[0004]
As shown in FIG. 5, the take-up electrode body (4) is composed of a positive electrode (41), a separator (42) impregnated with a non-aqueous electrolyte, and a negative electrode (43), which are spirally formed. It is composed by winding. A plurality of current collecting tabs (6) are drawn out from the positive electrode (41) and the negative electrode (43), respectively, and the tip portions (61) of the plurality of current collecting tabs (6) having the same polarity are provided as one electrode terminal mechanism ( 70). In FIG. 5, for the sake of convenience, only the state where the tip end portion (61) of some of the current collecting tabs (6) is connected to the electrode terminal mechanism (70) is shown, and the other current collecting tabs (6) are shown. The illustration of the state in which the tip (61) is connected to the electrode terminal mechanism (70) is omitted.
[0005]
Each of the electrode terminal mechanisms (70) includes a positive electrode terminal (71) made of a screw member attached through the lid (2) of the battery can (3), and a base end portion of the positive electrode terminal (71). The ridge part (72) is formed in. A resin insulating member (73) is attached to the through hole of the lid (2), and electrical insulation and sealing between the lid (2) and the positive terminal (71) are maintained. A washer (74) is fitted to the positive terminal (71) from the outside of the battery can (3), and a first nut (75) and a second nut (76) are screwed together. The first nut (75) is tightened and the insulating member (73) is narrowed by the flange (72) and the washer (74) of the positive terminal (71), thereby improving the sealing performance. The second nut (76) is used for connection with an external circuit.
[0006]
In addition, since the electrode terminal mechanism (70) on the positive electrode side shows a high potential, it is manufactured using aluminum or an alloy thereof excellent in chemical stability even in a state where the high potential is shown.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, aluminum or an alloy thereof is easily oxidized in the air, and an oxide film as an insulator is formed on the surface of the electrode terminal mechanism (70). There is a problem that resistance (hereinafter referred to as connection resistance) increases.
Therefore, a method of covering the surface of the electrode terminal mechanism (70) on the positive electrode side with a metal that is harder to oxidize than aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and preventing an oxide film from being formed on a portion connected to an external circuit ( Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-339760 has been proposed.
[0008]
However, even in a lithium secondary battery in which the surface of the electrode terminal mechanism on the positive electrode side is coated with a metal that is harder to oxidize than aluminum or an aluminum alloy, the battery is stored for a long time or stored at a high temperature. In this case, since an oxide film is formed on the surface of the coating, there is a problem that the connection resistance is similarly increased.
[0009]
In addition, when the lithium secondary battery is stored in a high temperature state, when the electrolytic solution adheres to the portion located inside the battery can in the electrode terminal mechanism on the positive electrode side, the surface of the electrode terminal mechanism corrodes, Due to the corrosion reaction, the amount of lithium ions in the electrolytic solution is reduced and the battery reaction is lowered. Therefore, there is a problem that the internal resistance of the battery (hereinafter referred to as internal resistance) is increased as compared with that before storage.
[0010]
An object of the present invention is to provide a lithium secondary battery in which connection resistance and internal resistance do not increase even after being stored for a long period of time or at a high temperature.
[0011]
[Means for solving the problems]
In the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention, an electrode body formed by laminating a separator containing an electrolytic solution between a positive electrode and a negative electrode is housed in a battery can, and the electrode body is generated. Electric power can be taken out from a pair of positive and negative electrode terminal mechanisms.
On the surface of the electrode terminal mechanism on the positive electrode side, a coating layer made of a ceramic material containing a transition metal is formed at least in the area used for connection to the external circuit and the area where the electrolyte in the battery can adhere. Has been.
The electrode terminal mechanism on the positive electrode side is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
[0012]
In the lithium secondary battery of the present invention, electric power is taken out by connecting an external circuit to both electrode terminal mechanisms. In the positive electrode terminal mechanism, an external circuit is connected to the surface of the coating layer.
Of the electrode terminal mechanism on the positive electrode side, in a portion located outside the battery can, a coating layer made of a ceramic material containing a transition metal is formed at least in a region used for connection to an external circuit. In that region, the surface of the electrode terminal mechanism does not come into contact with air, and therefore no oxide film is formed.
Furthermore, even after long-term or high-temperature storage, the coating layer is difficult to be oxidized, so there is no possibility that an oxide film is formed on the surface.
Therefore, the connection resistance of the electrode terminal mechanism on the positive electrode side does not increase.
[0013]
In addition, in the electrode terminal mechanism on the positive electrode side, in a portion located inside the battery can, a coating layer made of a ceramic material containing a transition metal is formed at least in a region where the electrolytic solution may adhere. Therefore, in this region, the surface of the electrode terminal mechanism does not come into contact with the electrolytic solution, and there is no possibility that the electrode terminal mechanism is corroded or the composition of the electrolytic solution is changed due to the corrosion reaction.
Furthermore, since the coating layer is excellent in chemical stability at a high temperature state, there is no possibility that the coating layer is corroded by contact with a high-temperature electrolyte solution or the composition of the electrolyte solution is changed by a corrosion reaction.
Therefore, the battery reaction is stable and the internal resistance does not increase.
[0014]
In a specific configuration of the present invention, the ceramic material is a nitride.
In the specific configuration, since the ceramic material containing the transition metal is a nitride, the ceramic material has high hardness and is thermally and chemically stable. Moreover, since the crystal structure has a lattice arrangement similar to that of metal, it has excellent conductivity. Therefore, the connection resistance of the coating layer made of the ceramic material is small. Furthermore, since the coating layer made of the ceramic material does not react with the electrolytic solution, the composition of the electrolytic solution does not change. Therefore, the battery reaction is stable and the internal resistance does not increase.
As the ceramic material, it is possible to use a ceramic material such as boride, carbide, nitride, or silicide.
[0015]
In yet another specific configuration, the ceramic material contains titanium and / or zirconium as the transition metal.
In this specific structure, the crystal structure of the ceramic material is a very stable crystal structure having a lattice arrangement similar to that of a metal, so that it does not react even when it comes into contact with an electrolytic solution.
Therefore, the battery reaction is stable and the internal resistance does not increase.
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
According to the lithium secondary battery of the present invention, the increase in connection resistance and internal resistance is small even after storage for a long time or in a high temperature state.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the lithium secondary battery of the present invention has a cylindrical battery can (3) formed by welding and fixing lids (2) and (2) to both ends of the cylindrical body (1). The take-up electrode body (4) is accommodated inside. A pair of positive and negative electrode terminal mechanisms (5) and (50) are attached to the two lids (2) and (2), and the winding electrode body (4) and both electrode terminal mechanisms (5) and (50) are provided. Respectively connected to each other via a plurality of current collecting tabs (6), the power generated by the winding electrode body (4) can be taken out from the pair of electrode terminal mechanisms (5) and (50). ing. The wound electrode body (4) in the battery can (3) is immersed in an electrolytic solution obtained by dissolving an electrolyte in a solvent. The lid (2) is provided with a pressure open / close gas discharge valve (7). In FIG. 2, for the sake of convenience, only the state where the tip end portion (61) of some of the current collecting tabs (6) is connected to the electrode terminal mechanism (5) is shown, and the other current collecting tabs (6) are shown. In FIG. 5, illustration of a state in which the tip portion (61) is connected to the electrode terminal mechanism (5) is omitted.
[0018]
The electrode terminal mechanism (5) on the positive electrode side includes a positive electrode terminal (51) made of a screw member attached through the lid (2) of the battery can (3), and a base end of the positive electrode terminal (51). The collar part (52) is formed in the part. A resin insulating member (53) is mounted in the through hole of the lid (2), and electrical insulation and sealing between the lid (2) and the positive terminal (51) are maintained. A washer (54) is fitted to the positive terminal (51) from the outside of the battery can (3), and a first nut (55) and a second nut (56) are screwed together. The first nut (55) is tightened and the insulating member (53) is narrowed by the flange (52) and the washer (54) of the positive terminal (51), thereby improving the sealing performance. Further, a connection member (97) is held between the first nut (55) and the second nut (56) to connect to an external circuit.
The electrode terminal mechanism (50) on the negative electrode side is configured similarly to the electrode terminal mechanism (5) on the positive electrode side.
[0019]
However, the surface of the positive electrode terminal (51), collar part (52), washer (54), first nut (55), and second nut (56) of the electrode terminal mechanism (5) on the positive electrode side is made of transition metal. It is covered with a coating layer (51a) (52a) (54a) (55a) (56a) made of a ceramic material.
As a method of coating the ceramic material containing the transition metal, a thin film forming method such as a thermal CVD method or a plasma CVD method can be employed. Moreover, it is preferable that the thickness of the said coating layer is 0.5 micrometer-200 micrometers.
[0020]
The surface of the positive terminal (51), washer (54), first nut (55), and second nut (56) located outside the battery can (3) in the electrode terminal mechanism (5) Since it is covered with oxygen, it does not come into contact with oxygen. Furthermore, since the coating layer is excellent in chemical stability, an oxide film is not formed on the surface thereof. Therefore, the connection resistance of the positive electrode terminal mechanism (5) does not increase.
[0021]
Moreover, since the surface of the positive electrode terminal (51) and the collar part (52) located inside the battery can (3) in the electrode terminal mechanism (5) is covered with the coating layer, it comes into contact with the electrolytic solution. And the composition of the electrolyte solution does not change due to corrosion, so that the battery reaction is stable. Furthermore, since the coating layers (51a) and (52a) are chemically stable in a high temperature state and the surface thereof does not react with the electrolytic solution, the battery reaction becomes stable. Therefore, the internal resistance does not increase by storing in a high temperature state.
[0022]
As other embodiment of this invention, as shown in FIG. 3, the contact part with the connection member (97) of a positive electrode terminal (91), a 1st nut (95), and a 2nd nut (96), and a collar part ( The covering layers (91a) (92a) (95a) (96a) may be formed only on the surface portion of 92). Since no oxide film is formed on the surface of the covering layers (91a), (95a), and (96a) with which the connecting member (97) contacts, the connection resistance does not increase due to long-term storage.
[0023]
The method for producing a lithium secondary battery of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The positive electrode terminal (91), which is a component of the electrode terminal mechanism (9) on the positive electrode side, the collar portion (92) of the positive electrode terminal (91), the first nut (95), and the second nut (96) are manufactured. Then, coating layers (91a) (92a) (95a) (96a) made of a ceramic material containing a transition metal are formed on their surfaces. In addition, a separator (42) is sandwiched between the strip-shaped positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are overlapped while being shifted in the width direction, and these are wound up in a spiral shape to produce a wound electrode body (4). The current collector plate (32) is joined to each end face (48) of the winding electrode body (4) by welding.
Subsequently, the current collector plate (32) and the flange portion (92) of the positive electrode terminal (91) attached to the lid body (12) are connected via the lead member (33). Similarly, on the negative electrode side, the current collector plate and the negative electrode terminal are connected.
Thereafter, the wound electrode body (4) is accommodated in the cylinder (11), and the lid (12) is fixed by welding to each opening of the cylinder (11). Then, the washer (94) is fitted into the positive electrode terminal (91), and the first nut (95) and the second nut (96) are screwed together. The electrode terminal mechanism on the negative electrode side is assembled in the same manner, and finally the electrolyte is injected into the battery can (30) to complete the battery of the present invention.
[0024]
In order to improve the bonding strength between the surface of the electrode terminal mechanism on the positive electrode side and the coating layer, the surface of each component of the electrode terminal mechanism is subjected to pretreatment such as coating with a metal other than aluminum or its alloy. After that, it is also possible to coat a ceramic material containing a transition metal.
Further, the shape of the battery of the present invention is not limited to a cylindrical shape, and may be various shapes such as a rectangular tube shape.
[0025]
Hereinafter, the inventive battery 1 to the inventive battery 4 according to the present invention, the comparative battery 1 and the comparative battery 2 were produced, and the battery resistance which is the total value of the connection resistance and the internal resistance was measured for each battery.
[0026]
Invention battery 1
Production and assembly of positive electrode side electrode terminal mechanism As shown in FIG. 2, in the positive electrode side electrode terminal mechanism (5), the positive electrode terminal (51), the collar part (52) of the positive electrode terminal (51), the washer (54), the first nut (55), and the second nut (56), on the surface of the coating layer (51a) (52a) (54a) made of zirconium nitride (ZrN) of a nitride ceramic material containing a transition metal (55a) (56a) was formed. Then, the positive terminal (51) is attached to the lid (2) via the insulating member (53), and the washer (54) is fitted to the positive terminal (51), and the first nut (55) and the second nut ( 56) were screwed together to assemble the electrode terminal mechanism (5). The positive terminal (51), the collar (52), the washer (54), the first nut (55), and the second nut (56) are made of aluminum.
[0027]
Production and assembly of the electrode terminal mechanism on the negative electrode side The electrode terminal mechanism on the negative electrode side was produced and assembled in the same manner as the electrode terminal mechanism on the positive electrode side. However, the negative electrode terminal, the collar portion of the negative electrode terminal, the washer, the first nut, and the second nut are made of copper, and the coating layer is not formed on the surface thereof.
[0028]
And making <br/> lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2) powder of the positive electrode, and a conductive agent consisting of carbon powder, a binder made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), 90 by weight ratio: 5: the percentage of 5 The mixture was mixed to obtain a positive electrode mixture. A slurry obtained by adding N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to this positive electrode mixture was applied to an aluminum foil, rolled, and then cut into a width of 240 mm to prepare a belt-like positive electrode (41).
[0029]
Production of negative electrode A negative electrode mixture was obtained by mixing natural graphite powder and a binder composed of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) in a weight ratio of 90:10. A slurry obtained by adding N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to this negative electrode mixture was applied to a copper foil, rolled, and then cut into a width of 250 mm to prepare a strip-shaped negative electrode (43).
[0030]
Preparation of electrolyte solution A mixed solvent was prepared by mixing ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) at a volume ratio of 1: 1. An electrolytic solution was prepared by dissolving lithium hexafluorophosphate in this mixed solvent at a rate of 1 mol / liter.
[0031]
Production of take-up electrode body A take-up electrode body (4) was produced using the positive electrode (41) and the negative electrode (43). The manufacturing method is the same as the conventional method, in which a separator (42) made of a microporous thin film made of polyethylene is sandwiched between a positive electrode (41) and a negative electrode (43), and these are wound up in a spiral shape. Thus, a wound electrode body (4) was produced. A plurality of current collecting tabs (6) are drawn out from the positive electrode (41) and the negative electrode (43), respectively.
[0032]
Assembling of the battery The method of assembling the lithium secondary battery is the same as the conventional method. First, the tip (61) of the current collecting tab (6) extending from the winding electrode body (4) is covered with the lid. It connected to the collar part (52) of the electrode terminal mechanism (5) attached to the body (2). Thereafter, the wound electrode body (4) was accommodated inside the cylindrical body (1), and the lid bodies (2) and (2) were fixed by welding to both openings of the cylindrical body (1). Finally, an electrolytic solution was injected into the battery can (3) to complete the cylindrical invention battery 1 having a diameter of 60 mm and a height of 330 mm.
[0033]
Invention battery 2
Invention battery 2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a coating layer of titanium nitride (TiN), which is a nitride ceramic material containing a transition metal, was formed on the electrode terminal mechanism (5) on the positive electrode side. .
Invention battery 3
Inventive battery 3 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a coating layer of chromium nitride (CrN), which is a nitride ceramic material containing a transition metal, was formed on the electrode terminal mechanism (5) on the positive electrode side. .
Invention battery 4
Invention battery 4 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a coating layer of zirconium carbide (ZrC), which is a carbide ceramic material containing a transition metal, was formed on the electrode terminal mechanism (5) on the positive electrode side.
Comparative battery 1
A comparative battery 1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that no coating layer was formed on the electrode terminal mechanism (5) on the positive electrode side.
Comparative battery 2
A comparative battery 2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electrode terminal mechanism (5) on the positive electrode side was subjected to silver plating to form a coating layer.
[0034]
Measurement of battery resistance The battery resistances of Invention Battery 1 to Invention Battery 4, Comparative Example Battery 1 and Comparative Example Battery 2 before and after storage were measured as follows.
First, the battery is charged to a 50% depth (35 Ah) of a battery capacity of 70 Ah at a constant current of 8.8 A, and then discharged for 10 seconds at each current value of 8.8 A, 17.5 A, 35 A, and 70 A. The open circuit voltage drop was measured. From this measurement result, the battery resistance before storage was calculated.
The measuring device and a pair of positive and negative electrode terminal mechanisms were connected by holding the lead terminal of the measuring device between the first nut and the second nut of each electrode terminal mechanism.
Next, the battery was discharged to 2.7 V with a constant current of 8.8 A. And each battery was preserve | saved for 10 days in a 60 degreeC thermostat.
The battery resistance after storage was calculated in the same manner as the battery resistance before storage.
[0035]
Measurement results Table 1 shows the measurement results of the battery resistance.
[0036]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003733017
[0037]
As is clear from Table 1, Invention Battery 1 to Invention Battery 4 in which the electrode terminal mechanism on the positive electrode side is coated with a ceramic material containing a transition metal is stored in comparison with Comparative Battery 1 and Comparative Battery 2. The subsequent increase in battery resistance is small.
This is because, in the electrode terminal mechanism on the positive electrode side, an oxide film was not formed on the surface of the part located outside the battery can, and the connection resistance did not increase. Moreover, even if the part located inside the battery can comes into contact with the electrolytic solution, the corrosion reaction does not occur and the composition of the electrolytic solution does not change, so the change in the battery reaction is small.
[0038]
Inventive batteries 1 to 3 in which the coating layer is formed of a nitride ceramic material containing a transition metal, the battery after storage is more than the inventive battery 4 in which the coating layer is formed of zirconium carbide (ZrC). Little increase in resistance.
This is because the nitride ceramic material is superior in chemical stability to the carbide ceramic material.
[0039]
Further, the inventive battery 1 and the inventive battery 2 in which the coating layer is formed of a nitride ceramic material containing zirconium or titanium are more in storage than the inventive battery 3 in which the coating layer is formed of chromium nitride (CrN). Increase in battery resistance is small.
This is because the nitride ceramic material containing zirconium or titanium is superior in chemical stability to chromium nitride.
[0040]
The same effect can be obtained even when an aluminum alloy is used as the material of the positive electrode terminal mechanism.
[0041]
Moreover, various materials conventionally used can be used as the positive electrode mixture in the battery of the present invention. For example, lithium metal oxides such as lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO 2 ), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn 2 O 4 ), chromium oxide, titanium oxide, cobalt oxide, vanadium pentoxide, etc. Metal oxides, transition metal chalcogen compounds such as titanium sulfide and molybdenum sulfide. These can be mixed with a conductive agent such as acetylene black and carbon black, and a binder such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), and used as a positive electrode mixture.
[0042]
Moreover, as a material of the negative electrode mixture in the battery of the present invention, metal lithium, lithium alloy, carbon material, metal oxide, and the like capable of inserting and removing lithium atoms can be used.
[0043]
In addition, as the electrolytic solution in the battery of the present invention, various electrolytic solutions such as a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) can be used. In addition, various electrolytes such as lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) can be used as the electrolyte.
[0044]
Furthermore, as the separator in the battery of the present invention, various separators conventionally used for lithium secondary batteries, such as polyethylene and polypropylene microporous films having excellent ionic conductivity, can be used. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a main part of the secondary battery.
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the battery of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an external perspective view of a conventional lithium secondary battery.
FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the secondary battery.
[Explanation of symbols]
(3) Battery can
(5) Electrode terminal mechanism
(51) Positive terminal
(51a) Coating layer
(52) Buttocks
(52a) Cover layer
(53) Insulating material
(54) Washer
(54a) Cover layer
(55) 1st nut
(55a) Cover layer
(56) Second nut
(56a) Cover layer
(6) Current collection tab
(9) Electrode terminal mechanism
(70) Electrode terminal mechanism

Claims (4)

電池缶の内部に、正極と負極の間に電解液を含むセパレータを介在させてこれらを積層してなる電極体が収納され、該電極体が発生する電力を正負一対の電極端子機構から外部へ取り出すことが出来るリチウム二次電池において、正極側の電極端子機構の表面には、少なくとも、外部回路との接続に用いる領域と電池缶内の電解液が付着する虞のある領域に、遷移金属を含有するセラミックス材料からなる被覆層が形成されていることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。An electrode body formed by laminating a separator containing an electrolytic solution between a positive electrode and a negative electrode is housed inside the battery can, and the electric power generated by the electrode body is transferred from a pair of positive and negative electrode terminal mechanisms to the outside. In the lithium secondary battery that can be taken out, the transition metal is placed on the surface of the electrode terminal mechanism on the positive electrode side at least in the region used for connection to the external circuit and the region where the electrolyte in the battery can adhere. A lithium secondary battery, wherein a coating layer made of a ceramic material is formed. セラミックス材料は窒化物である請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic material is a nitride. セラミックス材料は、遷移金属としてチタン及び/又はジルコニウムを含有している請求項1又は請求項2に記載のリチウム二次電池。The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic material contains titanium and / or zirconium as a transition metal. 正極側の電極端子機構を構成する部材のうち、導電性を発揮すべき部材は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金を材料として作製されている請求項1乃至請求項3の何れかに記載のリチウム二次電池。The lithium secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein among members constituting the electrode terminal mechanism on the positive electrode side, a member to exhibit conductivity is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. .
JP2000317583A 2000-10-18 2000-10-18 Lithium secondary battery Expired - Fee Related JP3733017B2 (en)

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