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JP3734759B2 - Normal pressure gasification power generation device and exhaust circulation type normal pressure power generation device - Google Patents
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JP3734759B2 - Normal pressure gasification power generation device and exhaust circulation type normal pressure power generation device - Google Patents

Normal pressure gasification power generation device and exhaust circulation type normal pressure power generation device Download PDF

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JP3734759B2
JP3734759B2 JP2002061487A JP2002061487A JP3734759B2 JP 3734759 B2 JP3734759 B2 JP 3734759B2 JP 2002061487 A JP2002061487 A JP 2002061487A JP 2002061487 A JP2002061487 A JP 2002061487A JP 3734759 B2 JP3734759 B2 JP 3734759B2
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temperature
turbine
regenerative heat
heat exchanger
combustor
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JP2003262134A (en
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一雄 田中
英一 原田
誠二 山下
潤一 北嶋
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Kawasaki Motors Ltd
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Kawasaki Jukogyo KK
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste

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Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、常圧燃焼で得られた常圧の高温ガスをタービンにて膨張させ、再生熱交換器、冷却器による熱回収後、圧縮機により吸引・昇圧し、排気する構成のガスタービンによる発電装置に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、ガスタービンのようなタービンを有するエンジンでは、まず大気圧の空気を圧縮機にて昇圧して燃焼器に導き、燃料と混合して燃焼させ、その後タービンで動力を回収していたため、燃料を圧縮機出口空気圧力よりも必ず高くする必要があり、常圧燃焼、常圧排熱利用ができないことから、各種ガス化燃料・固形燃料・未利用高温ガスを利用することは困難である。また、ガスエンジンのように排気ガスを循環させて系外への放出熱量を削減することは構造上無理であり、サイクル上デメリットとなる。
【０００３】
また、分散型発電システムとして、バイオマスや廃棄物等をガス化炉でガス化燃焼させ、ガス化炉生成ガスを利用してガスタービン又はガスエンジンで発電を行うシステムの開発が進められているが、ガスエンジンでは、ガス化炉にて高温で生成したガスの冷却が必要であり、ガス中に含まれるタール分が凝縮することから、生成ガスカロリーの減少による発電効率低下、ラインの閉塞等のトラブル発生、タール分を含む廃水の処理などの問題がある。また、従来のガスタービンでは、上述したように燃料を加圧する必要があり、燃料圧縮機の手前でガス化炉生成ガスを冷却するので、発電効率の低下、タールによる閉塞トラブル等、タールを含む廃水の処理などの問題がある。この場合、ガス化炉を加圧ガス化炉とすれば、高温ガスがそのまま投入可能となるため、ガス冷却に起因するタールの問題は無くなるが、加圧ガス化炉では燃料供給系統、灰処理系統にロックホッパあるいは同等のハンドリング設備が必要で、固体ハンドリング、コスト、運用の面から適用には問題がある。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述したような従来の常圧ガス化ガスエンジン発電システム、常圧ガス化ガスタービン発電システム、加圧ガス化ガスタービン発電システムの種々の問題点は、常圧・高温ガスを投入できる内燃機関があれば解決することができる。また、常圧・高温ガスを使用するシステムであれば、従来のガスタービンでは不可能であった排気ガスの循環が可能となり、効率を高めることができる。
【０００５】
本発明は上記の諸点に鑑みなされたもので、本発明の目的は、常圧から高温のガスをタービンで膨張させ、ガスを冷却（熱回収）の後、後段の圧縮機に導くことにより軸出力を生じるサイクルを採用することで、常圧・高温ガスからのエネルギ回収が可能な従来とは全く異なるガスタービンを開発して、常圧ガス化発電システムに適用することにある。
また、本発明の目的は、常圧・高温ガスをタービン内に吸引し、後段の圧縮機との間の再生器により熱回収を行うシステムにおいて、空気とともに圧縮機から出た排気ガスの一部を再生器に導入して、再生器で効率よく予熱された混合ガスを燃焼空気として用いることにある。
【０００６】
なお、常圧燃焼で得られた常圧の高温ガスをタービンにて膨張させ、再生熱交換器、冷却器による熱回収後、圧縮機により吸引・昇圧し、排気する構成の常圧燃焼タービンは既に特許出願されている（特願２００１−９１４０５）。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的を達成するために、本発明の常圧ガス化発電装置は、タービンと圧縮機で構成されているターボ機械のタービン前段に燃焼器を配し、その作動流体が燃焼器、タービン、圧縮機の順序で通過することで軸出力を生じさせて発電を行うタービン発電装置において、各種燃料、バイオマス又は／及び廃棄物をガス化燃焼させるガス化炉と、タービンを出た高温作動ガスを外気と熱交換して冷却するとともに外気を予熱する再生熱交換器と、圧縮機の入口及び中間で作動ガスを冷却媒体と熱交換して冷却する冷却器とを備え、ガス化炉で生成した可燃ガスを燃料として燃焼器に導入するとともに、再生熱交換器からの予熱空気を燃焼器及びガス化炉に導入するように構成されている（図１参照）。
【０００８】
上記の装置においては、再生熱交換器を直列に２つ設けて、タービンを出た高温作動ガスを高温再生熱交換器、低温再生熱交換器の順で通過させて冷却し、高温再生熱交換器にてタービン出口の高温作動ガスを圧縮機からの排気ガスの一部及び低温再生熱交換器で排気ガスと同温度レベルに予熱された空気と熱交換して冷却し、低温再生熱交換器にて高温再生熱交換器で冷却された作動ガスを外気と熱交換してさらに冷却し、高温再生熱交換器からの予熱混合ガスを燃焼器及びガス化炉に導入する構成としてもよい（図３参照）。
【０００９】
本発明の排気循環型常圧発電装置は、タービンと圧縮機で構成されているターボ機械のタービン前段に燃焼器を配し、その作動流体が燃焼器、タービン、圧縮機の順序で通過することで軸出力を生じさせて発電を行うタービン発電装置において、タービンを出た高温作動ガスの冷却を圧縮機の吸引力を利用して取り入れた外気及び圧縮機からの排気ガスの一部との熱交換で行う直列に配した２つの再生熱交換器と、圧縮機の入口及び中間で作動ガスを冷却媒体と熱交換して冷却する冷却器とを備え、直列に設けた再生熱交換器が、タービンを出た高温作動ガスを高温再生熱交換器、低温再生熱交換器の順で通過させて冷却し、高温再生熱交換器にてタービン出口の高温作動ガスを圧縮機からの排気ガスの一部及び低温再生熱交換器で排気ガスと同温度レベルに予熱された空気と熱交換して冷却し、低温再生熱交換器にて高温再生熱交換器で冷却された作動ガスを外気と熱交換してさらに冷却し、高温再生熱交換器からの予熱混合ガスを燃焼器に導入するようにしたことを特徴としている（図２参照）。
【００１０】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について説明するが、本発明は下記の実施の形態に何ら限定されるものではなく、適宜変更して実施することが可能なものである。図１は、本発明の実施の第１形態による常圧ガス化発電装置を示している。図１に示すように、各種固形燃料（一例として、バイオマス、廃棄物など）をガス化炉１０でガス化燃焼させ、生成したガス化ガスを燃料として常圧で燃焼器１２に導入する。燃焼器１２内の圧力は大気圧以下であり、後述する外気吸入の再生熱交換器１４で予熱された新鮮な空気は大気圧より多少低い圧力で燃焼器１２に流入する。常圧・高温のガス化炉生成ガスをそのまま燃焼器１２に投入でき、生成ガスを昇圧したり冷却する必要はない。なお、ガス中のタール分は、燃焼器１２での燃焼過程で分解・燃焼し、二酸化炭素と水になる。
【００１１】
燃焼器１２で得られた常圧・高温の燃焼ガスをタービン１６にて膨張させ、発生した動力で発電機１８を駆動し発電を行う。タービン１６を出た高温の排気ガスは、まず再生熱交換器１４で外気と熱交換して冷却される。再生熱交換器１４で予熱された高温空気は、前述したように燃焼器１２に導入するだけでなく、ガス化炉１０にも導入することができる。このように、再生熱交換器１４で回収したタービン排熱を、燃焼器１２での燃焼過程及びガス化炉１０でのガス化反応に有効利用することができる。
【００１２】
空気と熱交換して冷却された排気ガスは、さらに圧縮機入口と中間で水などの流体と熱交換して効率よく冷却される。図１においては、低圧圧縮機２０の入口で低圧冷却器２２によって排気ガスの温度を下げるとともにガス中の水分を凝縮させ、低圧圧縮機２０と高圧圧縮機２４の中間で高圧冷却器２６によって排気ガスの温度を下げるとともにガス中の水分を凝縮させて、圧縮機に導く排気ガス量を少なくし、圧縮動力を削減する。なお、冷却器で熱交換に用いる流体としては、水の他に、海水、海洋深層水、ＬＮＧ等を用いることができ、水からは温水、ＬＮＧからは天然ガスが得られる。また、低温の海洋深層水を冷却に有効利用してもよい。冷却効率は劣るが、冷却器の冷却流体として空気等を用いることも可能である。
圧縮機（低圧圧縮機２０、高圧圧縮機２４）で昇圧された排気ガスは、煙突２８から系外に排出される。
【００１３】
図２は、本発明の実施の第２形態による排気循環型常圧発電装置を示している。図２に示すように、燃焼器１２には燃料を常圧で導入する。燃焼器１２内の圧力は大気圧以下であり、後述する空気と排気ガスの混合ガスは大気圧より多少低い圧力で燃焼器１２に流入する。燃焼器１２に大気圧状態の燃料を昇圧することなく投入できるので、燃料圧縮機は不要である。
燃焼器１２で得られた常圧・高温の燃焼ガスをタービン１６にて膨張させ、発生した動力で発電機１８を駆動し発電を行う。
【００１４】
タービン１６を出た高温の排気ガスは、高温再生熱交換器３０、低温再生熱交換器３２を通過して冷却される。上述したように燃焼器内圧力が大気圧以下のため、圧縮機から出た排気ガスを循環させ燃焼空気として用いることが可能となり、再生熱交換器に排気ガスの一部を導入する構成としたものである。排気ガスを循環させ燃焼空気として用いることで、系外への放出熱量を削減して効率を高めることができる。この場合、例えば、再生熱交換器を直列に２つ設けて、図２に示すように、高温再生熱交換器３０にてタービン出口の高温作動ガスを圧縮機からの排気ガスの一部及び低温再生熱交換器３２で排気ガスと同温度レベルに予熱された空気と熱交換して冷却し、低温再生熱交換器３２にて高温再生熱交換器３０で冷却された作動ガスを外気と熱交換してさらに冷却し、高温再生熱交換器３０からの予熱混合ガスを燃焼器１２に導入する構成とする。このように、低温再生と高温再生など、２つ以上の再生熱交換器が直列に並んでおり、排気循環システムなど２種類以上の昇温するガス（例えば、空気と循環排気ガス）がある場合、入口温度レベル（例えば、空気なら１５℃、循環排気ガスなら９０℃）によって投入する場所を変えて、温度の差異による混合の損失を極力抑えることが可能である。また、各熱交換器の温度レベルによって最適な材質を使用することが可能であり、高性能、省コスト、省スペースの実現が可能である。
【００１５】
空気及び循環排気ガスと熱交換して冷却された排気ガスは、さらに圧縮機入口と中間で水などの流体と熱交換して効率よく冷却される。圧縮機で昇圧された排気ガスが系外に排出される。これらの詳細は、実施の第１形態の場合と同様である。
【００１６】
図３は、本発明の実施の第３形態による常圧ガス化発電装置を示している。本実施の形態は、実施の第１形態における常圧ガス化発電装置の構成に、実施の第２形態の排気循環システム用の再生熱交換器を適用したものである。その構成及び作用等は、実施の第１形態及び第２形態と同様である。
【００１７】
【発明の効果】
本発明は上記のように構成されているので、つぎのような効果を奏する。
（１） 常圧燃焼、常圧排熱利用が可能であり、燃料を昇圧する必要がないため、ガス化炉生成ガスをそのまま発電システムで使用することができる。また、加圧ガス化炉としなくて良いので、低コストで運用も容易である。
（２） 再生熱交換器で回収したタービン排熱は、燃焼器での燃焼過程及びガス化炉でのガス化反応に有効利用することができ、燃料量を削減できる。
（３） 圧縮機から出た排気ガスを循環させ燃焼空気として用いることで、系外への放出熱量を削減し、効率を高めることができる。
（４） 低温再生と高温再生など、２つ以上の再生熱交換器を直列に設けることにより、排気循環システムなど２種類以上の昇温するガス（例えば、空気と循環排気ガス）がある場合に、入口温度レベル（例えば、空気なら１５℃、循環排気ガスなら９０℃）によって投入する場所を変えて、温度の差異による混合の損失を極力抑えることが可能である。また、各熱交換器の温度レベルによって最適な材質を使用することが可能であり、高性能、省コスト、省スペースの実現が可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施の第１形態による常圧ガス化発電装置を示す概略構成説明図である。
【図２】本発明の実施の第２形態による排気循環型常圧発電装置を示す概略構成説明図である。
【図３】本発明の実施の第３形態による常圧ガス化発電装置を示す概略構成説明図である。
【符号の説明】
１０ ガス化炉
１２ 燃焼器
１４ 再生熱交換器
１６ タービン
１８ 発電機
２０ 低圧圧縮機
２２ 低圧冷却器
２４ 高圧圧縮機
２６ 高圧冷却器
２８ 煙突
３０ 高温再生熱交換器
３２ 低温再生熱交換器[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is based on a gas turbine configured to expand a normal-pressure high-temperature gas obtained by normal-pressure combustion in a turbine, recover heat by a regenerative heat exchanger and a cooler, and then suck and pressurize and exhaust by a compressor. The present invention relates to a power generation device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in an engine having a turbine such as a gas turbine, first, air at atmospheric pressure is boosted by a compressor, guided to a combustor, mixed with fuel, burned, and then power is recovered by the turbine. Therefore, it is difficult to use various types of gasified fuel, solid fuel, and unused high-temperature gas because normal pressure combustion and normal pressure exhaust heat cannot be used. In addition, it is impossible to reduce the amount of heat released outside the system by circulating the exhaust gas as in a gas engine, which is disadvantageous in terms of the cycle.
[0003]
In addition, as a distributed power generation system, development of a system in which biomass or waste is gasified and combusted in a gasification furnace, and power generation is performed with a gas turbine or a gas engine using gas generated from the gasification furnace is underway. In a gas engine, the gas generated at a high temperature in the gasification furnace needs to be cooled, and the tar content in the gas condenses. There are problems such as trouble occurrence and treatment of wastewater containing tar. Further, in the conventional gas turbine, it is necessary to pressurize the fuel as described above, and the gasification furnace generated gas is cooled before the fuel compressor. There are problems such as wastewater treatment. In this case, if the gasification furnace is a pressurized gasification furnace, the high temperature gas can be input as it is, so the problem of tar due to gas cooling is eliminated, but in the pressurized gasification furnace, the fuel supply system, ash treatment The system requires a lock hopper or equivalent handling equipment, and there are problems in application in terms of solid handling, cost, and operation.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Various problems of the conventional atmospheric gasified gas engine power generation system, the atmospheric pressure gasified gas turbine power generation system, and the pressurized gasified gas turbine power generation system as described above are that the internal combustion engine capable of supplying normal pressure / high temperature gas is If there is, it can be solved. In addition, if the system uses normal pressure and high temperature gas, it is possible to circulate the exhaust gas, which is impossible with the conventional gas turbine, and the efficiency can be improved.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described points, and an object of the present invention is to expand a gas from normal pressure to high temperature by a turbine, cool the gas (heat recovery), and then guide the shaft to a subsequent compressor. By adopting a cycle that generates output, a completely different gas turbine capable of recovering energy from normal pressure and high temperature gas is developed and applied to a normal pressure gasification power generation system.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a part of exhaust gas discharged from a compressor together with air in a system in which normal pressure / high temperature gas is sucked into a turbine and heat recovery is performed by a regenerator between the latter compressor. Is introduced into the regenerator and the mixed gas efficiently preheated by the regenerator is used as combustion air.
[0006]
The normal-pressure combustion turbine is configured to expand normal-pressure high-temperature gas obtained by normal-pressure combustion in a turbine, recover heat by using a regenerative heat exchanger and a cooler, and then suction, pressurize, and exhaust by a compressor. A patent application has already been filed (Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-91405).
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a normal pressure gasification power generation apparatus according to the present invention has a combustor disposed in a turbine front stage of a turbomachine including a turbine and a compressor, and the working fluid is a combustor, a turbine, In a turbine power generator that generates power by generating shaft output by passing in the order of a compressor, a gasification furnace for gasifying and burning various fuels, biomass or / and waste, and a high-temperature working gas exiting the turbine A regenerative heat exchanger that cools by exchanging heat with the outside air and preheats the outside air, and a cooler that cools the working gas with a cooling medium at the inlet and in the middle of the compressor, and is generated in a gasification furnace. While combustible gas is introduced into the combustor as fuel, preheated air from the regenerative heat exchanger is introduced into the combustor and the gasifier (see FIG. 1).
[0008]
In the above apparatus, two regenerative heat exchangers are provided in series, and the high-temperature working gas exiting the turbine is passed through the high-temperature regenerative heat exchanger and then the low-temperature regenerative heat exchanger in order and cooled, and high-temperature regenerative heat exchange is performed. The high-temperature working gas at the turbine outlet is cooled by heat exchange with a part of the exhaust gas from the compressor and air preheated to the same temperature level as the exhaust gas in the low-temperature regenerative heat exchanger. The working gas cooled in the high-temperature regenerative heat exchanger in Fig. 1 may be further cooled by exchanging heat with the outside air, and the preheated mixed gas from the high-temperature regenerative heat exchanger may be introduced into the combustor and the gasifier (Fig. 3).
[0009]
The exhaust circulation type atmospheric pressure power generation apparatus of the present invention has a combustor disposed in front of a turbine of a turbomachine including a turbine and a compressor, and the working fluid passes through the combustor, the turbine, and the compressor in this order. In the turbine generator that generates power by generating shaft output at the heat source, the heat of the high-temperature working gas exiting the turbine is taken in by utilizing the suction force of the compressor and the heat from a part of the exhaust gas from the compressor Two regenerative heat exchangers arranged in series performed by exchange, and a cooler that cools the working gas by exchanging heat with a cooling medium at the inlet and in the middle of the compressor, and the regenerative heat exchanger provided in series includes: The high-temperature working gas exiting the turbine is passed through the high-temperature regenerative heat exchanger and then the low-temperature regenerative heat exchanger in order, and is cooled. The high-temperature regenerative heat exchanger converts the high-temperature working gas at the turbine outlet to the exhaust gas from the compressor. And exhaust gas at low temperature regenerative heat exchanger Heat exchanged with air preheated to the same temperature level to cool, and the working gas cooled in the high temperature regenerative heat exchanger in the low temperature regenerative heat exchanger is exchanged with the outside air for further cooling, and the high temperature regenerative heat exchanger The preheated mixed gas from is introduced into the combustor (see FIG. 2).
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and can be implemented with appropriate modifications. FIG. 1 shows an atmospheric pressure gasification power generation apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, various solid fuels (for example, biomass, waste, etc.) are gasified and combusted in a gasification furnace 10, and the generated gasified gas is introduced into the combustor 12 at normal pressure as fuel. The pressure in the combustor 12 is equal to or lower than the atmospheric pressure, and fresh air preheated by an outside air regenerative heat exchanger 14 described later flows into the combustor 12 at a pressure slightly lower than the atmospheric pressure. Normal gas / high-temperature gasification furnace product gas can be put into the combustor 12 as it is, and there is no need to pressurize or cool the product gas. The tar content in the gas is decomposed and burned in the combustion process in the combustor 12 to become carbon dioxide and water.
[0011]
The normal-pressure / high-temperature combustion gas obtained by the combustor 12 is expanded by the turbine 16, and the generator 18 is driven by the generated power to generate power. The hot exhaust gas exiting the turbine 16 is first cooled by exchanging heat with the outside air in the regenerative heat exchanger 14. The high-temperature air preheated by the regenerative heat exchanger 14 can be introduced not only into the combustor 12 as described above but also into the gasifier 10. Thus, the turbine exhaust heat recovered by the regenerative heat exchanger 14 can be effectively used for the combustion process in the combustor 12 and the gasification reaction in the gasification furnace 10.
[0012]
The exhaust gas cooled by exchanging heat with air is further efficiently cooled by exchanging heat with a fluid such as water between the compressor inlet and the middle. In FIG. 1, the temperature of the exhaust gas is reduced by the low-pressure cooler 22 at the inlet of the low-pressure compressor 20 and the moisture in the gas is condensed, and the exhaust gas is exhausted by the high-pressure cooler 26 between the low-pressure compressor 20 and the high-pressure compressor 24. The gas power is reduced and the moisture in the gas is condensed to reduce the amount of exhaust gas introduced to the compressor, thereby reducing the compression power. In addition to water, seawater, deep ocean water, LNG, and the like can be used as the fluid used for heat exchange in the cooler. Hot water is obtained from water, and natural gas is obtained from LNG. Further, low-temperature deep ocean water may be effectively used for cooling. Although cooling efficiency is inferior, it is also possible to use air or the like as the cooling fluid of the cooler.
The exhaust gas whose pressure has been increased by the compressor (low pressure compressor 20, high pressure compressor 24) is discharged from the chimney 28 to the outside of the system.
[0013]
FIG. 2 shows an exhaust circulation type atmospheric pressure power generator according to a second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, fuel is introduced into the combustor 12 at normal pressure. The pressure in the combustor 12 is below atmospheric pressure, and a mixed gas of air and exhaust gas described later flows into the combustor 12 at a pressure slightly lower than the atmospheric pressure. Since the fuel in the atmospheric pressure state can be charged into the combustor 12 without increasing the pressure, a fuel compressor is unnecessary.
The normal-pressure / high-temperature combustion gas obtained by the combustor 12 is expanded by the turbine 16, and the generator 18 is driven by the generated power to generate power.
[0014]
The hot exhaust gas exiting the turbine 16 passes through the high temperature regeneration heat exchanger 30 and the low temperature regeneration heat exchanger 32 and is cooled. As described above, since the pressure inside the combustor is less than atmospheric pressure, the exhaust gas emitted from the compressor can be circulated and used as combustion air, and a part of the exhaust gas is introduced into the regenerative heat exchanger. Is. By circulating the exhaust gas and using it as combustion air, it is possible to reduce the amount of heat released to the outside of the system and increase the efficiency. In this case, for example, two regenerative heat exchangers are provided in series, and as shown in FIG. 2, the high temperature regenerative heat exchanger 30 converts the high temperature working gas at the turbine outlet to a part of the exhaust gas from the compressor and the low temperature. The regenerative heat exchanger 32 exchanges heat with the air preheated to the same temperature level as the exhaust gas and cools it, and the low temperature regenerative heat exchanger 32 exchanges heat with the outside air for the working gas cooled by the high temperature regenerative heat exchanger 30. Then, further cooling is performed, and the preheated mixed gas from the high temperature regenerative heat exchanger 30 is introduced into the combustor 12. In this way, when two or more regenerative heat exchangers are arranged in series, such as low temperature regeneration and high temperature regeneration, and there are two or more types of gas that raises temperature (for example, air and circulating exhaust gas) such as an exhaust circulation system Depending on the inlet temperature level (for example, 15 ° C. for air and 90 ° C. for circulating exhaust gas), it is possible to reduce the mixing loss due to temperature difference as much as possible by changing the place of introduction. Moreover, it is possible to use an optimal material according to the temperature level of each heat exchanger, and it is possible to realize high performance, cost saving, and space saving.
[0015]
The exhaust gas cooled by exchanging heat with the air and the circulating exhaust gas is further efficiently cooled by exchanging heat with a fluid such as water between the compressor inlet and the middle. The exhaust gas whose pressure has been increased by the compressor is discharged out of the system. These details are the same as those in the first embodiment.
[0016]
FIG. 3 shows an atmospheric gasification power generator according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the regenerative heat exchanger for the exhaust gas circulation system according to the second embodiment is applied to the configuration of the atmospheric pressure gasification power generation apparatus according to the first embodiment. Its configuration, operation, and the like are the same as those in the first and second embodiments.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
Since this invention is comprised as mentioned above, there exist the following effects.
(1) Normal pressure combustion and normal pressure exhaust heat can be used, and it is not necessary to pressurize the fuel. Therefore, the gasification furnace product gas can be used as it is in the power generation system. Further, since it is not necessary to use a pressurized gasification furnace, operation is easy at low cost.
(2) The turbine exhaust heat recovered by the regenerative heat exchanger can be effectively used for the combustion process in the combustor and the gasification reaction in the gasification furnace, and the amount of fuel can be reduced.
(3) By exhausting the exhaust gas from the compressor and using it as combustion air, the amount of heat released to the outside of the system can be reduced and the efficiency can be increased.
(4) When there are two or more types of gas (for example, air and circulating exhaust gas) whose temperature rises by providing two or more regenerative heat exchangers in series, such as low temperature regeneration and high temperature regeneration. Depending on the inlet temperature level (for example, 15 ° C. for air and 90 ° C. for circulating exhaust gas), it is possible to reduce the mixing loss due to temperature difference as much as possible by changing the place of introduction. Moreover, it is possible to use an optimal material according to the temperature level of each heat exchanger, and it is possible to realize high performance, cost saving, and space saving.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration explanatory view showing an atmospheric gasification power generation apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration explanatory view showing an exhaust circulation type atmospheric pressure power generator according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration explanatory view showing an atmospheric pressure gasification power generation device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Gasifier 12 Combustor 14 Regenerative heat exchanger 16 Turbine 18 Generator 20 Low pressure compressor 22 Low pressure cooler 24 High pressure compressor 26 High pressure cooler 28 Chimney 30 High temperature regeneration heat exchanger 32 Low temperature regeneration heat exchanger

Claims (3)

タービンと圧縮機で構成されているターボ機械のタービン前段に燃焼器を配し、その作動流体が燃焼器、タービン、圧縮機の順序で通過することで軸出力を生じさせて発電を行うタービン発電装置において、各種燃料、バイオマス又は／及び廃棄物をガス化燃焼させるガス化炉と、タービンを出た高温作動ガスを外気と熱交換して冷却するとともに外気を予熱する再生熱交換器と、圧縮機の入口及び中間で作動ガスを冷却媒体と熱交換して冷却する冷却器とを備え、ガス化炉で生成した可燃ガスを燃料として燃焼器に導入するとともに、再生熱交換器からの予熱空気を燃焼器及びガス化炉に導入するようにしたことを特徴とする常圧ガス化発電装置。Turbine power generation in which a combustor is arranged in front of a turbine of a turbomachine composed of a turbine and a compressor, and the working fluid passes through the combustor, turbine, and compressor in this order to generate shaft output to generate power. In the equipment, a gasification furnace that gasifies and burns various fuels, biomass, and / or waste, a regenerative heat exchanger that cools the high-temperature working gas exiting the turbine by heat exchange with the outside air and preheats the outside air, and compression And a cooler that cools the working gas by exchanging heat with the cooling medium at the inlet and in the middle of the machine, introduces the combustible gas generated in the gasification furnace into the combustor as fuel, and preheats air from the regenerative heat exchanger Is introduced into a combustor and a gasification furnace. 再生熱交換器を直列に２つ設けて、タービンを出た高温作動ガスを高温再生熱交換器、低温再生熱交換器の順で通過させて冷却し、高温再生熱交換器にてタービン出口の高温作動ガスを圧縮機からの排気ガスの一部及び低温再生熱交換器で排気ガスと同温度レベルに予熱された空気と熱交換して冷却し、低温再生熱交換器にて高温再生熱交換器で冷却された作動ガスを外気と熱交換してさらに冷却し、高温再生熱交換器からの予熱混合ガスを燃焼器及びガス化炉に導入するようにした請求項１記載の常圧ガス化発電装置Two regenerative heat exchangers are provided in series, and the high-temperature working gas exiting the turbine is passed through the high-temperature regenerative heat exchanger and then the low-temperature regenerative heat exchanger in order and cooled. The high-temperature working gas is cooled by exchanging heat with part of the exhaust gas from the compressor and air preheated to the same temperature level as the exhaust gas in the low-temperature regenerative heat exchanger, and high-temperature regenerative heat exchange in the low-temperature regenerative heat exchanger The atmospheric gasification according to claim 1, wherein the working gas cooled by the combustor is further cooled by exchanging heat with the outside air, and the preheated mixed gas from the high temperature regenerative heat exchanger is introduced into the combustor and the gasifier. Power generator タービンと圧縮機で構成されているターボ機械のタービン前段に燃焼器を配し、その作動流体が燃焼器、タービン、圧縮機の順序で通過することで軸出力を生じさせて発電を行うタービン発電装置において、タービンを出た高温作動ガスの冷却を圧縮機の吸引力を利用して取り入れた外気及び圧縮機からの排気ガスの一部との熱交換で行う直列に配した２つの再生熱交換器と、圧縮機の入口及び中間で作動ガスを冷却媒体と熱交換して冷却する冷却器とを備え、直列に設けた再生熱交換器が、タービンを出た高温作動ガスを高温再生熱交換器、低温再生熱交換器の順で通過させて冷却し、高温再生熱交換器にてタービン出口の高温作動ガスを圧縮機からの排気ガスの一部及び低温再生熱交換器で排気ガスと同温度レベルに予熱された空気と熱交換して冷却し、低温再生熱交換器にて高温再生熱交換器で冷却された作動ガスを外気と熱交換してさらに冷却し、高温再生熱交換器からの予熱混合ガスを燃焼器に導入するようにしたことを特徴とする排気循環型常圧発電装置。Turbine power generation in which a combustor is arranged in front of a turbine of a turbomachine composed of a turbine and a compressor, and the working fluid passes through the combustor, turbine, and compressor in this order to generate shaft output to generate power. In the system, two regenerative heat exchanges arranged in series are performed by cooling the high-temperature working gas exiting the turbine by heat exchange with the outside air taken in using the suction force of the compressor and a part of the exhaust gas from the compressor And a cooler that cools the working gas at the inlet and in the middle of the compressor by exchanging heat with the cooling medium, and the regenerative heat exchanger provided in series exchanges the hot working gas exiting the turbine with high-temperature regenerative heat exchange. The low-temperature regenerative heat exchanger and the low-temperature regenerative heat exchanger. Air and heat preheated to temperature level The working gas cooled in the high temperature regenerative heat exchanger is exchanged with the outside air for further cooling, and the preheated mixed gas from the high temperature regenerative heat exchanger is introduced into the combustor. An exhaust circulation type atmospheric pressure power generation device characterized in that:
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