JP3734926B2 - Silver halide emulsion, silver halide photographic material containing the same, and image forming processing method thereof - Google Patents
Silver halide emulsion, silver halide photographic material containing the same, and image forming processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3734926B2 JP3734926B2 JP16357097A JP16357097A JP3734926B2 JP 3734926 B2 JP3734926 B2 JP 3734926B2 JP 16357097 A JP16357097 A JP 16357097A JP 16357097 A JP16357097 A JP 16357097A JP 3734926 B2 JP3734926 B2 JP 3734926B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- silver halide
- silver
- emulsion
- mol
- sensitization
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims description 178
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 172
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims description 172
- -1 Silver halide Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 148
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 claims description 96
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 claims description 96
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 72
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver bromoiodide Chemical compound [Ag].IBr ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001548 androgenic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 107
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 85
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 78
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 69
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 55
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 55
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 55
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 55
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 55
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 53
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 50
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 46
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 42
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 28
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Substances [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 22
- RLAVJXQZTLDBRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S].[Se].[Au] Chemical compound [S].[Se].[Au] RLAVJXQZTLDBRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 14
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- XEIPQVVAVOUIOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Au]=S Chemical compound [Au]=S XEIPQVVAVOUIOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 9
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 7
- XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N telluride(2-) Chemical compound [Te-2] XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M merocyanine Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1N(CCCC)C(=O)N(CCCC)C(=O)C1=C\C=C\C=C/1N(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O\1 DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000012247 sodium ferrocyanide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 5
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZUIVNYGZFPOXFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1717603 Chemical compound N1=C(C)C=C(O)N2N=CN=C21 ZUIVNYGZFPOXFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JPIIVHIVGGOMMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditellurium Chemical compound [Te]=[Te] JPIIVHIVGGOMMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002941 palladium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RVXJIYJPQXRIEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-$l^{1}-selanyl-n,n-dimethylmethanimidamide Chemical compound CN(C)C([Se])=N RVXJIYJPQXRIEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYYXDZDBXNUPOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole-2,6-diamine;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.C1C(N)CCC2=C1SC(N)=N2 RYYXDZDBXNUPOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMASFSDWVSMSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[[4-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy-2-methylphenyl]methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound C=1C=C(CC2C(NC(=O)S2)=O)C(C)=CC=1OC1=NC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl ZAMASFSDWVSMSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].BrCl Chemical compound [Ag].BrCl SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IBQKNIQGYSISEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Se]=[PH3] Chemical class [Se]=[PH3] IBQKNIQGYSISEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical compound BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium thiocyanate Chemical compound [K+].[S-]C#N ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229940116357 potassium thiocyanate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007962 solid dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=CC=C1 WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-bromosuccinimide Chemical compound BrN1C(=O)CCC1=O PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Natural products P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQRRBZZVXPVWRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S].[Se] Chemical compound [S].[Se] ZQRRBZZVXPVWRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N l-ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(O)=C(O)C1=O TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004053 quinones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KIWUVOGUEXMXSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodanine Chemical class O=C1CSC(=S)N1 KIWUVOGUEXMXSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001419 rubidium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DIRMWRUACIUFQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N se-carbamoyl carbamoselenoate Chemical class NC(=O)[Se]C(N)=O DIRMWRUACIUFQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940065287 selenium compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004772 tellurides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FRCBOHAGKUJBHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapotassium;ruthenium(2+);hexacyanide Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Ru+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] FRCBOHAGKUJBHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003557 thiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GWIKYPMLNBTJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiosulfonate group Chemical group S(=S)(=O)[O-] GWIKYPMLNBTJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDMJCVUEUHKGOY-JXMROGBWSA-N (1e)-4-fluoro-n-hydroxybenzenecarboximidoyl chloride Chemical compound O\N=C(\Cl)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 VDMJCVUEUHKGOY-JXMROGBWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUHDZBHELIKKKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-diphenyl-selanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1P(=[Se])(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUHDZBHELIKKKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IGNTWNVBGLNYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisopropylphosphine Chemical compound CC(C)P(C(C)C)C(C)C IGNTWNVBGLNYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFVJLNKVUKIPPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl(selanylidene)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(=[Se])C1=CC=CC=C1 ZFVJLNKVUKIPPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WFRMLFFVZPJQSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(4-methylphenoxy)-selanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1OP(=[Se])(OC=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)OC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 WFRMLFFVZPJQSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はハロゲン化銀乳剤に関するものであり、投影面積径が0.08μm 以上0.5 μm 以下でかつアスペクト比2以上30以下の平板状部とその主平面あるいは/およびフリンジ、コーナーの突起部からなることを特徴とするハロゲン化銀粒子を含有するハロゲン化銀乳剤に関するものである。
【0002】
また、本発明は、上記ハロゲン化銀乳剤を含有するハロゲン化銀写真感光材料及びそのようなハロゲン化銀写真感光材料に画像を形成する方法にも関する。
【0003】
【従来の技術】
カラー写真感光材料、特に職業写真家がよく利用するカラー反転感光材料の画像のざらつき(粒状性)は画像の明るい部分(ハイライト部)において特に目立つ。この部分を担うのが各色感層における最低感層が含有する、粒子サイズの比較的小さなハロゲン化銀乳剤粒子である。小サイズ域のハロゲン化銀乳剤のもたらす粒状性を向上させるためには同じ感度を得るのに必要なハロゲン化銀粒子サイズをできるだけ小さくすることである。すなわち微粒子化に伴い低感化するのを補う高感化技術が必要となる。米国特許第(以下「US」ともいう)4434226号、同4439520号、同4414310号、同4433048号、同4414306号、同4459353号等には平板状ハロゲン化銀粒子を使用することで受光する粒子の表面積を増すことにより、分光増感色素による色増感率の向上による高感化技術が開示されている。また米国特許4672027号、同4693964号にはアスペクト比が8以上で平均直径が0. 2〜0. 55μmの平板状粒子が、また特開昭62−18555には厚み0. 12μm未満、平均直径が0. 6μm未満でアスペクト比が5以上のハロゲン化銀粒子を含む乳剤により、鮮鋭度に優れる写真感光材料が得られることが開示されている。我々は粒子サイズが平均の投影面積径が0. 5μm 以下でかつアスペクト比が2以上の領域の粒子を検討し、アスペクト比を大きくするにつれ増感色素を多く使用でき、分光感度を上げられることを確認した。しかしながら一方でアスペクト比を増大するにつれ、多くの増感色素を吸着できるようになるものの、ある量以上の色素の使用により粒子同士が凝集して逆に粒状悪化することが明らかになった。このため特に粒状が目立ち易い小サイズ領域における平板状ハロゲン化銀粒子の感度/粒状比を向上させるべく、アスペクト比を上げて粒子の表面積を上げた分の色素を使用できる技術が望まれていた。
【0004】
【本発明が解決しようとする課題】
投影面積径が0.5 μm 以下でかつアスペクト比が2以上の平板状ハロゲン化銀において、分光増感色素(以下、単に色素ともいう)の量を増すことで後熟を阻害し、かつ粒状性を損うという欠点を伴わずに高感化する技術を見い出し、感度/粒状比に優れたハロゲン化銀写真乳剤を提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、より感度/粒状比に優れた投影面積径が0.5 μm 以下でかつアスペクト比が2以上の領域の平板状写真乳剤を得るための検討を行った。その結果、アスペクト比を上げて多くの増感色素を吸着できるようになるものの乳剤粒子体積に数に対する色素量が多くなるにつれ、ハロゲン化銀粒子を覆っているゼラチンの保護コロイド能が低下し、粒子同士が凝集することで後熟阻害および粒状悪化することが明らかになった。電子顕微鏡写真により粒子同士の凝集は平板状粒子の主平面の粒子の重なりとなって起こっていた。そこで粒子の形状を平板部と突起部から成る形状にしたところ、粒子が重なり合うことが無くなり、凝集防止が為され粒状性を悪化させることなく高感化することができることが分かった。種々の粒子サイズについても同様の検討を行ったが、驚くべきことにこの効果は粒子の平均の投影面積径が0.5 μm以下で顕著であった。また平均粒子厚みが0.2 μm以下、特に0.08μ以下の場合に著しく有効であった。またそのような粒子構造における高感化には、6シアノ金属錯体ドープ、還元増感領域の付帯、セレン増感又はテルル増感の使用あるいはそれらの併用を施すことが有効であることが分かった。しかしこれらの増感を施さない場合は平板状部の粒子サイズ(投影面積円相当直径)の変動係数が20%以下で有効な技術であった。
【0006】
すなわち、本発明は以下のハロゲン化銀写真乳剤、それを含有するハロゲン化銀写真感光材料およびその画像形成方法にある。
【0007】
(1)アスペクト比2以上で30以下のAgBrI 平板状部とその主平面あるいは/およびフリンジ、コーナーの突起部からなり、かつ該平板状部の投影面積径が0.08μm 以上0.5 μm 以下であるハロゲン化銀粒子を全粒子の投影面積の80% 以上含有することを特徴とするハロゲン化銀乳剤。
【0008】
(2)前記突起部のハロゲン組成が前記平板状部のハロゲン組成と異なることを特徴とする上記(1)のハロゲン化銀乳剤。
(3)該突起部のハロゲン組成が沃臭化銀であることを特徴とする上記(1)のハロゲン化銀乳剤。
【0009】
(4)前記突起部が塩化物イオンを含むことを特徴とする上記(2)のハロゲン化銀乳剤。
【0010】
(5)前記突起部の銀量が前記平板状部の銀量の0. 5モル%以上50モル%以下であることを特徴とする上記(3)又は(4)のハロゲン化銀乳剤。
【0011】
(6)前記平板状部の粒子表面からの体積の40%以内の領域が平均5モル%以上20モル%以下のヨードイオンを含むことを特徴とする上記(1)乃至(5)のいずれかに記載のハロゲン化銀乳剤。
(7)前記平板状部の粒子表面からの体積の40%以内の領域が粒子内部よりヨードイオンの平均含有率が高いことを特徴とする上記(6)のハロゲン化銀乳剤。
【0012】
(8)前記ハロゲン化銀粒子が粒子内部に6シアノ金属錯体を含むことを特徴とする上記(1)乃至(7)のいずれかに記載のハロゲン化銀乳剤。
【0013】
(9)前記ハロゲン化銀粒子が粒子の内部または表面または内部と表面が還元増感領域を有していることを特徴とする上記(1)乃至(8)のいずれかに記載のハロゲン化銀乳剤。
【0014】
(10)前記ハロゲン化銀粒子が、粒子の内部または表面または内部と表面が還元増感領域を有しており、かつハロゲン化銀粒子の表面または内部と表面がセレン増感あるいはテルル増感あるいはセレン、テルル増感されていることを特徴とする上記(1)乃至(9)のいずれかに記載のハロゲン化銀乳剤。
【0015】
(11)ハロゲン化銀粒子の粒子厚みが0.2 μm以下であることを特徴とする(1)乃至(10)のいずれかに記載のハロゲン化銀乳剤。
【0016】
(12)上記(1)乃至(11)のいずれかに記載のハロゲン化銀乳剤を少なくとも1層に含有することを特徴とするハロゲン化銀写真感光材料。
【0017】
(13) 上記(12)に記載のハロゲン化銀写真感光材料に画像を形成する方法が、溶解物理現像が起こる現像液中での処理工程を含むものであることを特徴とする方法。
【0018】
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0019】
乳剤粒子のハロゲン化銀組成は沃臭化銀あるいは沃臭塩化銀より成る。粒子形状は投影面積径が0.08μm 以上0.5 μm 以下でかつアスペクト比が2以上30以下の平板状の粒子(平板状部)と突起部から成る形状である。
【0020】
平板状部のハロゲン化銀組成は沃臭化銀より成り、突起部は平板状部とハロゲン組成の種類及び/又は含有率が同じでも異なっていても良いが異なっている方が良い。突起部のハロゲン化銀組成は沃臭塩化銀あるいは沃臭化銀あるいは臭塩化銀あるいは臭化銀あるいは塩化銀より成る。
【0021】
突起部の付帯位置は平板状部の主平面上あるいは/およびフリンジ、コーナー部にある。すなわち、突起部は、平板状部の主平面上全体(主平面部)にわたって存在していても、フリンジ部又はコーナ部に極在していても、これらの位置の組み合わせであってもよい。ここで主平面とは平板状部において最も面積の広い2つの面を示し、この面の結晶構造が{111} 面でも{100} 面でも{110} 面でも良く、更に高次の面でも良い。フリンジ部とは主平面の周囲の稜あるいはそれらの稜に囲まれた周囲の狭い面(側面部)を指す。コーナー部とは平板状部の主平面の形状が3角形あるいは6角形の平板状であるときに定義され、平板状部の主平面部および側面部であって、主平面の3角形、6角形の角周辺部を指す。一般に、色素の吸着は主平面部に行うことが好ましい。色素の吸着を主平面部に行うときは、突起部の付帯位置は主平面部よりもフリンジ部やコーナー部が好ましい。用いる色素の量や種類によって、突起部の形成位置をコントロールすることができる。色素は、通常、1×10-5mol/molAg 〜5×10-3mol/molAg 用いる。突起部の形成に先だって、平板粒子に例えば後述する分光増感色素のような色素あるいはその他の吸着物を吸着させる、あるいは種々のハロゲンイオンの添加により、突起部の形成部位を限定しても良いが、平板粒子のヨード構造により形成部位を限定しても良い。
【0022】
ハロゲン化銀粒子突起部は塩化物イオンを含むことが好ましく、1つの突起部を構成するハロゲン化銀の10モル%以上は塩化銀であることが更に好ましい。突起部の形成法はハロゲンイオンを含む溶液とAgNO3 液の同時添加でも別々の添加でも良く、平板状部よりも粒径の小さなAgCl粒子、AgBr粒子、AgI 粒子の添加、あるいはそれらの混晶粒子と適宜組み合わせの添加により形成しても良い。また突起部は、平板状部に1つ以上付帯させることができる。突起部の銀量(突起部が複数個ある場合はそれらの合計)は平板状部の銀量の0. 5モル%以上50%モル以下であることが好ましく、3モル%以上30モル%以下が更に好ましい。
【0023】
本発明のハロゲン化銀粒子の平板状部はその表面からの体積の40%以内の層状領域が当該領域内のハロゲン化銀に対して平均5mol%以上20mol %以下のヨードイオンを含むことが望ましい。好ましくは該粒子表面からの体積の20%以内の層状領域が当該領域内のハロゲン化銀に対して平均7mol%以上15mol %以下である。構造間の沃化銀含有層の境界は明確なものであっても、連続的になだらかに変化しているものであっても、いずれでも良い。ヨードイオンは上記成長過程の途中から以降のヨード含率が均一になるように添加しても良いが、最初は高濃度で後ほど低濃度あるいは最初は低濃度で後ほど高濃度あるいはヨードイオン濃度が途中で変化しても良い。ヨードイオンの導入はヨードイオンを含むKBr液とAgNO3 の同時添加でも良いし、別々の添加でも良い。粒子中にヨードイオンが取り込まれる条件においてヨードイオンを含む溶液のみの添加でも良い。またAgI微粒子による導入でも良い。ヨード導入により粒子の主平面部、フリンジ部またはコーナー部に転位線が入っても入らなくとも良いが、フリンジ部及び/またはコーナー部に転位線が入る方が好ましく、その転位線の密度が高いことが最も好ましい。
【0024】
平板状部について特に好ましくは投影面積径が0.08μm 以上0.4 μm 以下でありアスペクト比が3以上20以下の平板状である。ここで平板状部の投影面積ならびにアスペクト比は参照用のラテックス球とともにシャドーをかけたカーボンレプリカ法による電子顕微鏡写真から測定することができる。平板状部は主平面に対して垂直方向から見た時に、通常六角形、3角形もしくは円形状の形態をしているが、該投影面積と等しい面積の円の相当直径を厚みで割った値がアスペクト比である。平板状部の主平面の形状は六角形の比率が高い程好ましく、また、六角形の各隣接する辺の長さの比は1:2以下であることが好ましい。
【0025】
本発明の効果は平板状部のアスペクト比が高い程、著しい効果が得られるので、更に好ましくは平板状部は、全粒子の投影面積の50%以上がアスペクト比5以上の粒子で占められる。最も好ましくは平板状部のアスペクト比8以上であるが、アスペクト比があまり大きくなりすぎると、前述した粒子サイズ分布の変動係数が大きくなる方向になるために、通常アスペクト比は20以下が好ましい。本発明において好ましい粒子の平板状部は対向する{111}主平面と該主平面を連結する側面からなっており、該主平面の間には少なくとも1枚の双晶面が入っている。本発明の平板粒子乳剤には通常2枚の双晶面が観察される。この2枚の双晶面の間隔はUS5,219,720号に記載のように0.012μ未満にすることが可能である。さらには特開平5−249585に記載のように{111}主平面間の距離を該双晶面間隔で割った値が15以上にすることも可能である。
【0026】
本発明において好ましい沃臭化銀または沃臭塩化銀粒子乳剤の平板状部は、それ自体は既知の種々の方法を組み合わせることによって調製することが可能である。平板状部の調製は通常、核形成、熟成ならびに成長の基本的に3工程よりなる。
【0027】
核形成の工程においてはUS4713320号およびUS4942120号に記載のメチオニン含量の少ないゼラチンを用いること、US4914014号に記載の高pBrで核形成を行うこと、特開平2−222940号に記載の短時間で核形成を行うことは本発明で好ましい平板粒子乳剤の核形成工程においてきわめて有効である。
【0028】
熟成工程においてはUS5254453号記載の低濃度のベースの存在下でおこなうこと、US5013641号記載の高いpHでおこなうことは、本発明で用いる粒子の平板状部の熟成工程において有効である場合がある。
【0029】
成長工程においてはUS5248587号記載の低温で成長をおこなうこと、US4672027号、およびUS4693964号に記載の沃化銀微粒子を用いることは本発明の乳剤粒子の成長工程において特に有効である。
【0030】
平板状部の転位線は、例えばJ.F.Hamilton,Phot.Sci.Eng.,11、57、(1967)やT.Shiozawa,J.Soc.Phot.Sci.Japan,35、213、(1972)に記載の、低温での透過型電子顕微鏡を用いた直接的な方法により観察することができる。すなわち乳剤から粒子に転位線が発生するほどの圧力をかけないよう注意して取り出したハロゲン化銀粒子を電子顕微鏡観察用のメッシュにのせ、電子線による損傷(プリントアウト等)を防ぐように試料を冷却した状態で透過法により観察を行う。この時粒子の厚みが厚い程、電子線が透過しにくくなるので高圧型(0.25μmの厚さの粒子に対して200kV以上)の電子顕微鏡を用いた方がより鮮明に観察することができる。
【0031】
このような方法により得られた粒子の写真より、主平面に対して垂直方向から見た場合の各粒子についての転位線の位置および数を求めることができる。
【0032】
転位線の数は、好ましくは1粒子当り平均10本以上である。より好ましくは1粒子当り平均20本以上である。転位線が密集して存在する場合、または転位線が互いに交わって観察される場合には、1粒子当りの転位線の数は明確には数えることができない場合がある。しかしながら、これらの場合においても、おおよそ10本、20本、30本という程度には数えることが可能であり、明らかに、数本しか存在しない場合とは区別できる。転位線の数の1粒子当りの平均数については100粒子以上について転位線の数を数えて、数平均として求める。
【0033】
また平板状部のフリンジ部の全域に渡ってほぼ均一に転位線を有していても、フリンジ部の局所的な位置に転位線を有していてもよい。すなわち六角形平板ハロゲン化銀粒子を例にとると、6つの頂点の近傍のみに転位線が限定されていてもよいし、そのうちの1つの頂点近傍のみに転位線が限定されていてもよい。逆に6つの頂点近傍を除く辺のみに転位線が限定されていることも可能である。またフリンジ部あるいは主平面部または局所的な位置に限定されていても良いし、これらが組み合わされて、形成されていても良い。すなわち、フリンジ部と主平面上に同時に存在していても良い。
【0034】
平板状部の粒子の内部あるいは表面または内部と表面、突起部の内部あるいは表面または内部と表面、あるいは平板状部と突起部の両方、あるいは平板状部と突起部の界面、に6シアノ金属錯体がドープされているのが好ましい。ここで表面とはハロゲン化銀粒子表面と粒子を覆っているゼラチンあるいは粒子への吸着物との界面から内部へ10オングストロームまでの領域を指す。粒子内部とはこの領域(表面)よりも内部を指す。界面とは、平板状部と突起部の接面から0.05μmまでの深さを指す。
【0035】
6シアノ金属錯体のうち、鉄、ルテニウム、オスミウム、コバルト、ロジウム、イリジウム又はクロムを含有するものが好ましい。二種類以上の錯体を、シアノ錯イオンに加えて併用してもよい。金属錯体の添加量は、ハロゲン化銀1モル当たり10-9乃至10-2モルの範囲であることが好ましく、ハロゲン化銀1モル当たり10-8乃至10-4モルの範囲であることがさらに好ましい。鉄、ルテニウム、オスミウム、コバルト、ロジウムまたはイリジウムの金属錯体は、ハロゲン化銀粒子の調製段階(核形成、成長、物理熟成、化学増感の前後)で添加する。金属錯体を、数回にわたって分割して添加してもよい。金属錯体は、水または有機溶媒に溶かして添加することができる。有機溶媒は水と混和性を有することが好ましい。有機溶媒の例には、アルコール類、エーテル類、グリコール類、ケトン類、エステル類、及びアミド類が含まれる。
【0036】
シアノ錯イオンと併用する金属錯体としては、イリジウム錯体が特に好ましい。イリジウム錯体は、3価または4価であることが好ましい。イリジウム錯体の例には、ヘキサクロロイリジウム(III )錯塩、ヘキサクロロイリジウム(VI)錯塩、ヘキサブロモイリジウム(III )錯塩、ヘキサブロモイリジウム(VI)錯塩、ヘキサヨードイリジウム(III )錯塩、ヘキサヨードイリジウム(VI)錯塩、ヘキサアンミンイリジウム(III )錯塩及びヘキサアンミンイリジウム(VI) 錯塩が含まれる。イリジウム錯体の対カチオンは、水と混和しやすく、ハロゲン化銀乳剤の沈殿操作に適合しているイオンを用いることが好ましい。対イオンの例には、アルカリ金属イオン(例、ナトリウムイオン、カリウムイオン、ルビジウムイオン、セシウムイオン、リチウムイオン)、アンモニウムイオン及びアルキルアンモニウムイオンが含まれる。イリジウム錯体の添加量は、下記式(VII )で表される6シアノイリジウム錯体の場合を除いて、ハロゲン化銀1モル当たり10-9乃至10-4モルの範囲であることが好ましく、ハロゲン化銀1モル当たり10-8乃至10-5モルの範囲であることがさらに好ましい。
【0037】
シアノ錯イオンと併用する金属錯体としては、下記式(VII )で表される6シアノ金属錯体が特に好ましい。6シアノ金属錯体は、高感度の感光材料が得られ、しかも生感光材料を長期間保存したときでも被りの発生を抑制するという効果を有する。
【0038】
(VII )[M(CN)6 ]n-
(式中、Mは鉄、ルテニウム、オスミウム、コバルト、ロジウム、イリジウムまたはクロムであり、nは3または4である。)
6シアノ金属錯体の具体例を以下に示す。
(VII-1 ) [Fe(CN)6 ]4-
(VII-2 ) [Fe(CN)6 ]3-
(VII-3 ) [Ru(CN)6 ]4-
(VII-4 ) [Os(CN)6 ]4-
(VII-5 ) [Co(CN)6 ]3-
(VII-6 ) [Rh(CN)6 ]3-
(VII-7 ) [Ir(CN)6 ]3-
(VII-8 ) [Cr(CN)6 ]4-。
【0039】
6シアノ錯体の対カチオンは、水と混和しやすく、ハロゲン化銀乳剤の沈殿操作に適合しているイオンを用いることが好ましい。対イオンの例には、アルカリ金属イオン(例、ナトリウムイオン、カリウムイオン、ルビジウムイオン、セシウムイオン、リチウムイオン)、アンモニウムイオンおよびアルキルアンモニウムイオンが含まれる。
【0040】
6シアノ金属錯体の添加量は、ハロゲン化銀1モル当たり10-6乃至10-3モルの範囲であることが好ましく、ハロゲン化銀1モル当たり5×10-6乃至5×10-4モルの範囲であることがさらに好ましい。鉄、ルテニウム、オスミウム、コバルト、ロジウム、イリジウムまたはクロムの6シアノ金属錯体は、ハロゲン化銀粒子の調製段階(核形成、成長、物理熟成、化学熟成の前後)で添加することができる。6シアノ金属錯体を、数回にわたって分割して添加してもよい。鉄、ルテニウム、オスミウム、コバルト、ロジウム、イリジウムまたはクロムの6シアノ金属錯体は、全添加量の50%以上を、粒子体積の50%以下の表面層に導入することが好ましい。ここで、粒子体積の50%以下の表面層とは、粒子1個の体積の50%以下の体積に相当する表面部分を意味する。この表面相の体積は、好ましくは40%以下であり、さらに好ましくは20%以下である。また、ここで定義した表面相の外側に、鉄、ルテニウム、オスミウム、コバルト、ロジウム、イリジウムまたはクロムの6シアノ金属錯体を含有しない層を設けてもよい。鉄、ルテニウム、オスミウム、コバルト、ロジウム、イリジウムまたはクロムの6シアノ金属錯体は、水または水と混和しうる有機溶媒中に溶解して、ハロゲン化銀粒子形成時に反応溶液中に直接添加することができる。あるいは、ハロゲン銀粒子を形成するための溶液(ハロゲン化物水溶液中、銀水溶液)中、あるいはそれ以外の溶液中に、錯体を添加して粒子形成を行うことにより、導入することもできる。また、予め金属錯体を含有させたハロゲン化銀粒子を溶解、添加して、別のハロゲン化銀粒子上に沈積させることによって、金属錯体を粒子内に導入することもできる。
【0041】
粒子サイズ、平板状部と突起部のハロゲン組成、突起部の部位や量等に影響されるが、好ましいドープ量は、銀1モルあたり、1 ×10-8〜1 ×10-1mol の範囲であり、特に好ましくは1銀モルあたり、1 ×10-5〜1 ×10-2mol の範囲である。ドープ種として特に好ましい種は[Fe(CN) 6 ] 4- ,[Fe(CN) 6 ] 3- ,[Ru(CN) 6 ] 4- ,[Cr(CN) 6 ]4- である。
【0042】
本願発明の乳剤粒子は、球相当直径の変動係数20%以下の単分散乳剤であることが好ましい。
【0043】
本発明の乳剤粒子は粒子の内部あるいは表面または内部と表面を還元増感領域を含むのが特に有効である。ここで粒子表面とはハロゲン化銀粒子表面と粒子を覆っているゼラチンあるいは粒子への吸着物との界面から内部へ10オングストロームまでの領域を指す。粒子内部とはこの領域よりも内部を指す。特に平板状部の粒子表面に比較的高濃度のヨードイオンを含む本発明の平板状粒子は、還元増感が有効である。
【0044】
還元増感領域はハロゲン化銀乳剤に還元増感剤を添加する方法、銀熟成と呼ばれるpAg1〜7の低pAgの雰囲気で成長させるあるいは、熟成させる方法、高pH熟成と呼ばれるpH8〜11の高pHの雰囲気で成長させるあるいは熟成させる方法のいずれかにより形成することができる。また2つ以上の方法を併用することもできる。
【0045】
還元増感剤を添加して形成する方法は還元増感のレベルを微妙に調節できる点で好ましい方法である。
【0046】
還元増感剤として第一錫塩、アスコルビン酸およびその誘導体、アミンおよびポリアミン類、ヒドラジン誘導体、ホルムアミジンスルフィン酸、シラン化合物、ボラン化合物などが公知である。本発明で用いる還元増感にはこれら公知の還元増感剤を選んで用いることができ、また2種以上の化合物を併用することもできる。還元増感剤として塩化第一錫、二酸化チオ尿素、ジメチルアミンボラン、アスコルビン酸およびその誘導体が好ましい化合物である。還元増感剤の添加量は乳剤製造条件に依存するので添加量を選ぶ必要があるが、ハロゲン化銀1モル当り10-7〜10-3モルの範囲が適当である。
【0047】
還元増感剤は水あるいはアルコール類、グリコール類、ケトン類、エステル類、アミド類などの溶媒に溶かし粒子成長中に添加される。あらかじめ反応容器に添加するのもよいが、粒子成長の適当な時期に添加する方が好ましい。また水溶性銀塩あるいは水溶性アルカリハライドの水溶液にあらかじめ還元増感剤を添加しておき、これらの水溶液を用いてハロゲン化銀粒子を沈澱せしめてもよい。また粒子成長に伴って還元増感剤の溶液を何回かに分けて添加しても連続して長時間添加するのも好ましい方法である。
【0048】
本発明で好ましく実施しうる化学増感はカルコゲナイド増感と貴金属増感の単独又は組合せであり、ジェームス(T.H.James)著、ザ・フォトグラフィック・プロセス、第4版、マクミラン社刊、1977年、(T.H.James、The Theoryof the Photographic Process,4th ed,Macmillan,1977)67−76頁に記載されるように活性ゼラチンを用いて行うことができるし、またリサーチ・ディスクロージャー120巻、1974年4月、12008;リサーチ・ディスクロージャー、34巻、1975年6月、13452、米国特許第2,642,361号、同3,297,446号、同3,772,031号、同3,857,711号、同3,901,714号、同4,266,018号、および同3,904,415号、並びに英国特許第1,315,755号に記載されるようにpAg5〜10、pH5〜8および温度30〜80℃において硫黄、セレン、テルル、金、白金、パラジウム、イリジウムまたはこれら増感剤の複数の組合せとすることができる。貴金属増感においては、金、白金、パラジウム、イリジウム等の貴金属塩を用いることができ、中でも特に金増感、パラジウム増感および両者の併用が好ましい。金増感の場合には、塩化金酸、カリウムクロロオーレート、カリウムオーリチオシアネート、硫化金、金セレナイド等の公知の化合物を用いることができる。パラジウム化合物はパラジウム2価塩または4価の塩を意味する。好ましいパラジウム化合物は、R2 PdX6 またはR2 PdX4 で表わされる。ここでRは水素原子、アルカリ金属原子またはアンモニウム基を表わす。Xはハロゲン原子を表わし塩素、臭素またはヨウ素原子を表わす。
【0049】
具体的には、K2 PdCl4 、(NH4 ) 2 PdCl6 、Na2 PdCl4 、(NH4 ) 2 PdCl4 、Li2 PdCl4 、Na2 PdCl6 またはK2 PdBr4 が好ましい。金化合物およびパラジウム化合物はチオシアン酸塩あるいはセレノシアン酸塩と併用することが好ましい。
【0050】
硫黄増感剤として、ハイポ、チオ尿素系化合物、ロダニン系化合物および米国特許第3,857,711号、同4,266,018号および同4,054,457号に記載されている硫黄含有化合物を用いることができる。いわゆる化学増感助剤の存在下に化学増感することもできる。有用な化学増感助剤には、アザインデン、アザピリダジン、アザピリミジンのごとき、化学増感の過程でカブリを抑制し、且つ感度を増大するものとして知られた化合物が用いられる。化学増感助剤改質剤の例は、米国特許第2,131,038号、同3,411,914号、同3,554,757号、特開昭58−126526号および前述ダフィン著「写真乳剤化学」、138〜143頁に記載されている。
【0051】
本発明の乳剤で用いる粒子は粒子の表面あるいは内部と表面がセレン増感あるいはテルル増感あるいはセレン、テルル増感されているのが特に好ましい。粒子の表面および内部の定義は上述と同様である。ここでセレン増感とは以下に掲げるセレン増感剤により増感処理することを意味するが、これ以外に硫黄増感剤及び/又は金増感剤の併用も含む。テルル増感とは以下に掲げるテルル増感剤により増感処理することを意味するが硫黄増感剤及び/又は金増感剤の併用も含む。セレン、テルル増感とは以下に掲げるセレン増感剤およびテルル増感剤の併用により増感処理を施すことを意味するがこれ以外に硫黄増感剤、金増感剤の併用を含む。
【0052】
セレン増感においては、不安定セレン化合物を用いることができ、米国特許第3297446号、同3297447号、特開平4−25832号、同4−109240号、同4−147250号、同4−271341号、同5−40324号、同5−224332号、同5−224333号、同5−11385号、同6−43576号、同6−75328号、同6−175258号、同6−175259号、同6−180478号、同6−208184号、同6−208186号などに記載の化合物が好ましい。
【0053】
具体的には、ホスフィンセレニド類(例えば、トリフェニルホスフィンセレニド、ジフェニル(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ホスフィンセレニド)、セレノフォスフェート類(例えば、トリ−p−トリルセレノホスフェート)、セレノホスフィニック アシッド エステル類、セレノホスホニック アシッド エステル類、セレノ尿素類(例えば、N,N−ジメチルセレノウレア、N−アセチル−N,N’,N’−トリメチルセレノウレア、N−トリフルオロアセチル−N,N’,N’−トリメチルセレノウレア)、セレノアミド類(例えば、N,N−ジメチルセレノベンズアミド、N,N−ジエチルセレノベンズアミド)、セレノエステル類 (例えば、p−メトキシセレノベンゾイックアシッド o−イソプロピルエステル、p−メトキシセレノベンゾイックアシッド Se−(3’−オキソシクロヘキシル)エステル)、ジアシルセレニド類(例えば、ビス(2,6−ジメトキシベンゾイル)セレニド、ビス(2,4−ジメトキシベンゾイル)セレニド)、ジカルバモイルセレニド類(例えば、ビス(N,N−ジメチルカルバモイル)セレニド、ビス(アルコキシカルボニル)セレニド類(例えば、ビス(n−ブトキシカルボニル)セレニド、ビス(ベンジルオキシカルボニル)セレニド)、トリセレナン類(例えば、2,4,6−トリス(p−メトキシフェニル)トリセレナン)、ジセレニド類、ポリセレニド類、セレニウムスルフィド、セレノケトン類、セレノカルボン酸類、イソセレノシアネート類、コロイド状セレンなどが挙げられる。好ましくは、ホスフィンセレニド類、セレノアミド類、ジカルバモイルセレニド類、ビス(アルコキシカルボニル)セレニド類、セレノエステル類が用いられる。
【0054】
またさらに、特公昭46−4553号、同52−34492号などに記載の非不安定セレン化合物、例えば亜セレン酸ナトリュウム、セレノシアン酸カリウム、セレナゾール類、セレニド類なども用いることができる。
【0055】
テルル増感においては、不安定テルル化合物を用い、特開平4−224595号、同4−271341号、同4−333043号、同5−303157号、同6−27573号、同6−175258号、同6−180478号、同6−208184号、同6−208186号、同6−317867号、同7−140579号、同7−301879号、同7−301880号などに記載されている不安定テルル化合物を用いることができる。
【0056】
具体的には、ホスフィンテルリド類(例えば、ノルマルブチル−ジイソプロピルホスフィンテルリド、トリイソブチルホスフィンテルリド、トリノルマルブトキシホスフィンテルリド、トリイソプロピルホスフィンテルリド)、ジアシル (ジ)テルリド類(例えば、ビス(ジフェニルカルバモイル)ジテルリド、ビス(N−フェニル−N−メチルカルバモイル)ジテルリド、ビス(N−フェニル−N−メチルカルバモイル)テルリド、ビス(N−フェニル−N−ベンジルカルバモイル)テルリド、ビス(エトキシカルボニル)テルリド)、テルロ尿素類(例えば、N,N’−ジメチルエチレンテルロ尿素)、テルロアミド類、テルロエステル類などを用いればよい。好ましくはホスフィンテルリド類、ジアシル(ジ)テルリド類である。
【0057】
本発明の乳剤は金増感を併用することが好ましい。金増感剤の好ましい量としてハロゲン化銀1モル当り1×10-4〜1×10-7モルであり、さらに好ましいのは1×10-5〜5×10-7モルである。パラジウム化合物の好ましい範囲は1×10-3から5×10-7である。チオシアン化合物あるいはセレノシアン化合物の好ましい範囲は5×10-2から1×10-6である。
【0058】
本発明のハロゲン化銀粒子に対して使用する好ましい硫黄増感剤量はハロゲン化銀1モル当り1×10-4〜1×10-7モルであり、さらに好ましいのは1×10-5〜5×10-7モルである。
【0059】
本発明の乳剤の調製時に用いられる保護コロイドとして、及びその他の親水性コロイド層のバインダーとしては、ゼラチンを用いるのが有利であるが、それ以外の親水性コロイドも用いることができる。
【0060】
例えばゼラチン誘導体、ゼラチンと他の高分子とのグラフトポリマー、アルブミン、カゼイン等の蛋白質;ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、セルロース硫酸エステル類等の如きセルロース誘導体、アルギン酸ソーダ、澱粉誘導体などの糖誘導体;ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルアルコール部分アセタール、ポリ−N−ビニルピロリドン、ポリアクリル酸、ポリメタクリル酸、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリビニルイミダゾール、ポリビニルピラゾール等の単一あるいは共重合体の如き多種の合成親水性高分子物質を用いることができる。
【0061】
ゼラチンとしては石灰処理ゼラチンのほか、酸処理ゼラチンやBull.Soc.Sci.Photo.Japan. No. 16、P30(1966)に記載されたような酵素処理ゼラチンを用いてもよく、特開平8−82883号に記載されているフタル酸による処理を経たゼラチンを用いても良い。また、ゼラチンの加水分解物や酵素分解物も用いることができる。
【0062】
本発明の乳剤は脱塩のために水洗し、新しく用意した保護コロイド分散にすることが好ましい。水洗の温度は目的に応じて選べるが、5°〜50℃の範囲で選ぶことが好ましい。水洗時のpHも目的に応じて選べるが2〜10の間で選ぶことが好ましい。さらに好ましくは3〜8の範囲である。水洗時のpAgも目的に応じて選べるが5〜10の間で選ぶことが好ましい。水洗の方法としてヌードル水洗法、半透膜を用いた透析法、遠心分離法、凝析沈降法、イオン交換法のなかから選んで用いることができる。凝析沈降法の場合には硫酸塩を用いる方法、有機溶剤を用いる方法、水溶性ポリマーを用いる方法、ゼラチン誘導体を用いる方法などから選ぶことができる。
【0063】
米国特許第3,772,031号に記載されているようなカルコゲナイド化合物を乳剤調製中に添加する方法も有用な場合がある。S、Se、Te以外にもシアン塩、チオシアン塩、セレノシアン酸、炭酸塩、リン酸塩、酢酸塩を存在させてもよい。
【0064】
本発明の乳剤の製造工程中に銀に対する酸化剤を用いることが好ましい。銀に対する酸化剤とは、金属銀に作用して銀イオンに変換せしめる作用を有する化合物をいう。特にハロゲン化銀粒子の形成過程および化学増感過程において副生するきわめて微小な銀粒子を、銀イオンに変換せしめる化合物が有効である。ここで生成する銀イオンは、ハロゲン化銀、硫化銀、セレン化銀等の水に難溶の銀塩を形成してもよく、又、硝酸銀等の水に易溶の銀塩を形成してもよい。銀に対する酸化剤は、無機物であっても、有機物であってもよい。無機の酸化剤としては、オゾン、過酸化水素およびその付加物(例えば、NaBO2 ・H2 O2 ・3H2 O、2NaCO3 ・3H2 O2 、Na4 P2 O7 ・2H2 O2 、2Na2 SO4 ・H2 O2 ・2H2 O)、ぺルオキシ酸塩(例えばK2 S2 O8 、K2 C2 O6 、K2 P2 O8 ) 、ぺルオキシ錯体化合物(例えば、K2 {Ti(O2 ) C2 O4 }・3H2 O、4K2 SO4 ・Ti(O2 ) OH・SO4 ・2H2 O、Na3 {VO(O2 ) (C2 H4 ) 2 ・6H2 O}、過マンガン酸塩(例えば、KMnO4 ) 、クロム酸塩(例えば、K2 Cr2 O7 ) などの酸素酸塩、沃素や臭素などのハロゲン元素、過ハロゲン酸塩(例えば過沃素酸カリウム)高原子価の金属の塩(例えば、ヘキサシアノ第二鉄酸カリウム)およびチオスルフォン酸塩などがある。また、有機の酸化剤としては、p−キノンなどのキノン類、過酢酸や過安息香酸などの有機過酸化物、活性ハロゲンを放出する化合物(例えば、N−ブロムサクシイミド、クロラミンT、クロラミンB)が例として挙げられる。
【0065】
本発明で用い得る好ましい酸化剤は、オゾン、過酸化水素およびその付加物、ハロゲン元素、チオスルフォン酸塩の無機酸化剤及びキノン類の有機酸化剤である。前述の還元増感と銀に対する酸化剤を併用するのは好ましい態様である。酸化剤を用いたのち還元増感を施こす方法、その逆方法あるいは両者を同時に共存させる方法のなかから選んで用いることができる。これらの方法は粒子形成工程でも粒子形成工程後に用いても良い。
【0066】
本発明の乳剤は、潜像を主として表面に形成する表面潜像型でも、粒子内部に形成する内部潜像型でも表面と内部のいずれにも潜像を有する型のいずれでもよいが、ネガ型の乳剤であることが必要である。内部潜像型のうち、特開昭63−264740号に記載のコア/シェル型内部潜像型乳剤であってもよい。このコア/シェル型内部潜像型乳剤の調製方法は、特開昭59−133542号に記載されている。この乳剤のシェルの厚みは、現像処理等によって異なるが、3〜40nmが好ましく、5〜20nmが特に好ましい。
【0067】
現像液は表面潜像のみを選択的に現像する表面現像液でも、溶解物理現像が起こり、内部潜像をも現像するハロゲン化銀溶剤を含む現像液でもよいが、後者の現像液の方が本発明の乳剤粒子の効果が発現する。
【0068】
本発明の写真乳剤には、感光材料の製造工程、保存中あるいは写真処理中のカブリを防止し、あるいは写真性能を安定化させる目的で、種々の化合物を含有させることができる。すなわちチアゾール類、例えばベンゾチアゾリウム塩、ニトロイミダゾール類、ニトロベンズイミダゾール類、クロロベンズイミダゾール類、ブロモベンズイミダゾール類、メルカプトチアゾール類、メルカプトベンゾチアゾール類、メルカプトベンズイミダゾール類、メルカプトチアジアゾール類、アミノトリアゾール類、ベンゾトリアゾール類、ニトロベンゾトリアゾール類、メルカプトテトラゾール類(特に1−フェニル−5−メルカプトテトラゾール)など;メルカプトピリミジン類;メルカプトトリアジン類;たとえばオキサドリンチオンのようなチオケト化合物;アザインデン類、たとえばトリアザインデン類、テトラアザインデン類(特に4−ヒドロキシ置換(1,3,3a,7)テトラアザインデン類)、ペンタアザインデン類などのようなカブリ防止剤または安定剤として知られた、多くの化合物を加えることができる。たとえば米国特許第3,954,474号、同3,982,947号、特公昭52−28660号に記載されたものを用いることができる。好ましい化合物の一つに特願昭62−47225号に記載された化合物がある。かぶり防止剤および安定剤は粒子形成前、粒子形成中、粒子形成後、水洗工程、水洗後の分散時、化学増感前、化学増感中、化学増感後、塗布前のいろいろな時期に目的に応じて添加することができる。乳剤調製中に添加して本来のかぶり防止および安定化効果を発現する以外に、粒子の晶壁を制御する、粒子サイズを小さくする、粒子の溶解性を減少させる、化学増感を制御する、色素の配列を制御するなど多目的に用いることができる。
本発明の写真乳剤は、メチン色素類その他によって分光増感されることが本発明の効果を発揮するのに好ましい。用いられる色素には、シアニン色素、メロシアニン色素、複合シアニン色素、複合メロシアニン色素、ホロポーラーシアニン色素、ヘミシアニン色素、スチリル色素およびヘミオキソノール色素が包含される。特に有用な色素は、シアニン色素、メロシアニン色素、および複合メロシアニン色素に属する色素である。これらの色素類には、塩基性異節環核としてシアニン色素類に通常利用される核のいずれをも適用できる。すなわち、ピロリン核、オキサゾリン核、チオゾリン核、ピロール核、オキサゾール核、チアゾール核、セレナゾール核、イミダゾール核、テトラゾール核、ピリジン核など;これらの核に脂環式炭化水素環が融合した核;及びこれらの核に芳香族炭化水素環が融合した核、即ち、インドレニン核、ベンズインドレニン核、インドール核、ベンズオキサドール核、ナフトオキサゾール核、ベンゾチアゾール核、ナフトチアゾール核、ベンゾセレナゾール核、ベンズイミダゾール核、キノリン核などが適用できる。これらの核は炭素原子上に置換されていてもよい。
【0069】
メロシアニン色素または複合メロシアニン色素にはケトメチレン構造を有する核として、ピラゾリン−5−オン核、チオヒダントイン核、2−チオオキサゾリジン−2,4−ジオン核、チアゾリジン−2,4−ジオン核、ローダニン核、チオバルビツール酸核などの5〜6員異節環核を適用することができる。
【0070】
これらの増感色素は単独に用いてもよいが、それらの組合せを用いてもよく、増感色素の組合せは特に、強色増感の目的でしばしば用いられる。その代表例は米国特許第2,688,545号、同2,977,229号、同3,397,060号、同3,522,052号、同3,527,641号、同3,617,293号、同3,628,964号、同3,666,480号、同3,672,898号、同3,679,428号、同3,703,377号、同3,769,301号、同3,814,609号、同3,837,862号、同4,026,707号、英国特許第1,344,281号、同1,507,803号、特公昭43−4936号、同53−12,375号、特開昭52−110,618号、同52−109,925号に記載されている。
【0071】
増感色素とともに、それ自身分光増感作用をもたない色素あるいは可視光を実質的に吸収しない物質であって、強色増感を示す物質を乳剤中に含んでもよい。
【0072】
増感色素を乳剤中に添加する時期は、これまで有用であると知られている乳剤調製の如何なる段階であってもよい。もっとも普通には化学増感の完了後塗布前までの時期に行なわれるが、米国特許第3,628,969号、および同第4,225,666号に記載されているように化学増感剤と同時期に添加し分光増感を化学増感と同時に行なうことも、特開昭58−113,928号に記載されているように化学増感に先立って行なうことも出来、またハロゲン化銀粒子沈澱生成の完了前に添加し分光増感を開始することも出来る。更にまた米国特許第4,225,666号に教示されているようにこれらの前記化合物を分けて添加すること、即ちこれらの化合物の一部を化学増感に先立って添加し、残部を化学増感の後で添加することも可能であり、米国特許第4,183,756号に開示されている方法を始めとしてハロゲン化銀粒子形成中のどの時期であってもよい。添加量は、ハロゲン化銀1モル当り、4×10-6〜8×10-3モルで用いることができるが、5×10-5〜5×10-3モルがより有効である。
【0073】
本発明のハロゲン化銀写真乳剤、およびそれを用いたハロゲン化銀写真感光材料に用いることのできる種々の技術や無機・有機の素材については一般にはリサーチデイ スクロージャーNo.308119(1989)、No.37038(1995)に記載されたものを用いることができる。
【0074】
これに加えて、より具体的には、例えば、本発明のハロゲン化銀写真乳剤が適用できるカラー写真感光材料に用いることができる技術および無機・有機素材については、欧州特許第436,938A2号の下記の箇所及び下記に引用の特許に記載されている。
【0075】
本発明の感光材料において、本発明の乳剤は、赤感性乳剤層、緑感性乳剤層、青感性乳剤層に好ましく添加することができる。
【0076】
【0077】
【実施例】
以下に、本発明を実施例により、更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0078】
(実施例1)
乳剤Em−aの調製
臭化カリウム6g、平均分子量1〜2万の低分子量ゼラチン0. 8gを蒸留水1. 5Lに溶かした水溶液を良く撹拌しながら、これに500cc中に64gのKBrと低分子量ゼラチン5. 0gを含む水溶液と500cc中に90gの硝酸銀と硝酸アンモニウム4gを含む水溶液を35℃においてダブルジェット法により30秒間加えた。このときのpAgは9. 0に保った。(この添加(1)で全銀量の5. 7%を消費した)KBr水溶液でpAgを9. 5に調整したのち液温を50℃に昇温した。この後フタル酸による処理を施したゼラチンを35g加えて、1L中に215. 7gのKBrと11. 6gのKIを含む水溶液と1L中に硝酸銀を316gと硝酸アンモニウムを0. 6g含む水溶液をダブルジェット法により28分間添加した。このときのpAgは8. 4に保った。(この添加(2)で全銀量の94. 3%を消費した。)続いて、上記乳剤に対し35℃にて公知のフロキュレーション法により水洗し、ゼラチンを加え40℃でpH=6. 3、pAg=8. 3に調整し、同体積の球に換算した平均粒子直径が0.23μmで平均投影面積径が0. 31μmで平均アスペクト比が4. 4の平板状AgBrI乳剤(I=3. 5mol%、変動係数(球相当径(以下同じ))19%)を得た。この乳剤に56℃にて色素S−aを吸着させた後に、ハイポおよび塩化金酸で最適に金硫黄増感を施してEm−aを得た。
【0079】
乳剤Em−bの調製
色素が吸着される前の乳剤Em−aを小分けし、40℃にて色素S−aを添加し撹拌しながら20分間放置して吸着させ、その後平板状部に対して、それぞれ100cc中にKBrを33. 0g含む水溶液および100cc中にKIを1. 5g含む水溶液により添加し、その後速やかに100cc中にAgNO3 を23. 6g含む水溶液の添加により平板状部銀量に対して15mol%で、そのうちのハロゲン化銀の比率がAgI が3.5mol% 、AgBrが96.5mol%を含む臭ヨウ化銀突起部の形成を行い、最適に金硫黄増感を施しEm−bを得た。
【0080】
乳剤Em−cの調製
色素が吸着される前の乳剤Em−aを小分けし、40℃にて色素S−aを添加し撹拌しながら20分間放置して吸着させ、その後平板状部に対してそれぞれ100cc中にNaClを16. 2g含む水溶液、100cc中にKBrを33. 0g含む水溶液および100cc中に1. 5g含む水溶液により添加し、その後速やかに100cc中にAgNO3 を23. 6g含む水溶液の添加により平板状部銀量に対して15mol%でそのうちのハロゲン化銀の比率がAgI が5mol% 、AgBrが90mol%、AgClが5mol% を含む塩臭ヨウ化銀突起部の形成を行い、最適に金硫黄増感を施しEm−cを得た。
【0081】
乳剤Em−dの調製
上記乳剤Em−a(色素が添加される前)の調製後、Em−cの調製と同様に40℃にて色素S−aの添加の20分後、Em−cと同濃度の塩化ナトリウム溶液、臭化カリウム溶液およびヨウ化カリウム溶液を最終突起物のmol 比率が処方上それぞれ10%,85%,5%になるように添加した後にEm−cと同濃度硝酸銀溶液を速やかに添加し、突起部の体積が平板状部の体積の15%とした。ハイポおよび塩化金酸により最適に金硫黄増感を施してEm−dを得た。
【0082】
乳剤Em−eの調製
上記乳剤Em−a(色素が添加される前)の調整後、Em−cの調製と同様に40℃にて色素S−aの添加の20分後、Em−cと同濃度の塩化ナトリウム溶液、臭化カリウム溶液およびヨウ化カリウム溶液を最終突起物のmol 比率が処方上それぞれ50%,45%,5%になるように添加した後にEm−cと同濃度硝酸銀溶液を速やかに添加し、突起部の体積が平板状部の体積の15%とした。ハイポおよび塩化金酸により最適に金硫黄増感を施してEm−eを得た。
【0083】
乳剤Em−fの調製
上記乳剤Em−a(色素が添加される前)の調整後、Em−cの調製と同様に40℃にて色素S−aの添加の20分後、Em−cと同濃度の塩化ナトリウム溶液、臭化カリウム溶液およびヨウ化カリウム溶液を最終突起物のmol 比率がAgClとAgBrが処方上それぞれ70%,30% になるように添加した。このとき突起部の体積は平板状部の体積の0. 3%とした。ハイポおよび塩化金酸により最適に金硫黄増感を施してEm−fを得た。
【0084】
乳剤Em−g、h、i、jの調製
上記乳剤Em−fと同様にAgClBrからなる突起部をそれぞれEm−a(色素なし)の体積の0. 5%、15%、50%、70%となるように形成して、ハイポおよび塩化金酸により最適に金硫黄増感を施してEm−g、h、i、jを得た。
乳剤Em−kの調製
上記乳剤Em−aの調製過程の(2)の溶液添加工程を、以下の様に(2)の溶液添加工程と(3)の溶液添加工程に分けて粒子調製(平板状部)する。
【0085】
1L中に225gのKBrを含む水溶液と1L中に硝酸銀を316gと硝酸アンモニウムを0. 6g含む水溶液をダブルジェット法により20. 5分間添加した。このときのpAgは8. 5に保った。(この添加(2)で全銀量の52. 3%を消費した。) 次に1L中に205. 0gのKBrと26. 6gのKIを含む水溶液と1L中に硝酸銀を316gと硝酸アンモニウムを0. 6g含む水溶液をダブルジェット法により7. 8分間添加した。このときのpAgは8. 5に保った。(この添加(3)で全銀量の42%を消費した。)続いて、上記乳剤に対し35℃にて公知のフロキュレーション法により水洗し、ゼラチンを加え40℃でpH=6. 3、pAg=8. 3に調整し、同体積の球に換算した平均粒子直径が0.24μmで平均投影面積径が0. 31μmで平均アスペクト比が4. 4の平板状AgBrI乳剤(平均I=3. 5mol%、変動係数19%)を得た。
【0086】
突起部はAgClとAgBrが処方上それぞれ70%,30% で突起部をそれぞれEm−aの平板状部の体積の15%となるようにEm−hと同様に調製した。
【0087】
乳剤Em−lの調製
上記乳剤Em−aの調製過程の(2)の溶液添加工程と(3)の溶液添加工程を以下のように変えて粒子調製(平板状部)する。
【0088】
1L中に225gのKBrを含む水溶液と1L中に硝酸銀を316gと硝酸アンモニウムを0. 6g含む水溶液をダブルジェット法により21分間添加した。このときのpAgは8. 5に保った。(この添加(2)で全銀量の54. 3%を消費した。) 次に1L中に153. 5gのKBrと63. 4gのKIを含む水溶液と1L中に硝酸銀を316gと硝酸アンモニウムを0. 6g含む水溶液をダブルジェット法により7分間添加した。このときのpAgは8. 5に保った。 (この添加(3)で全銀量の40%を消費した。)続いて、上記乳剤に対し35℃にて公知のフロキュレーション法により水洗し、ゼラチンを加え40℃でpH=6. 3、pAg=8. 3に調整し、同体積の球に換算した平均粒子直径が0.23μmで平均投影面積径が0. 31μmで平均アスペクト比が4. 4の平板状AgBrI乳剤(平均I=10mol%、変動係数20%)を得た。
【0089】
乳剤Em−mの調製
上記乳剤Em−aの調整後、Em−cの調製と同様に40℃にて色素S−aの添加の20分後、Em−cと同濃度の塩化ナトリウム溶液、臭化カリウム溶液およびヨウ化カリウム溶液を処方上それぞれ45mol%,45mol%,10mol% とになるように添加した後に0. 1%の6シアノルテニウム(II)酸カリウム溶液を完成粒子の銀1モルあたり2 ×10-4mol 添加し、その後Em−cと同濃度硝酸銀溶液を速やかに添加した。このとき突起部の体積は平板状部の体積の20%とした。ハイポおよび塩化金酸により最適に金硫黄増感を施してEm−mを得た。
【0090】
乳剤Em−nの調製
上記乳剤Em−mの調製過程で使用する6シアノルテニウム酸(II)カリウムを除き、Em−mの平板状部の調製工程(1)の溶液添加工程後に還元増感剤として二酸化チオ尿素を完成粒子の銀1モルあたり3×10-5モルの添加を行う以外はEm−mと同じにしてEm−nを得た。
【0091】
乳剤Em−oの調製
上記乳剤Em−mの調製過程で使用する6シアノルテニウム酸(II)カリウムを除き、調製後に化学増感剤としてチオシアン酸カリウムおよびハイポ以外に、セレン増感剤としてN, Nージメチルセレノウレアを、テルル増感剤としてビス(ジフェニルカルバモイル)ジテルリドを、金増感剤として塩化金酸を用いて金硫黄セレンテルル増感を最適に施してEm−oを得た。
【0092】
乳剤Em−pの調製
上記乳剤Em−mについて調製過程(1)の溶液添加工程後に還元増感剤として二酸化チオ尿素を完成粒子の銀1モルあたり3×10-5モルの添加を行い、その後Em−oと同様に金硫黄セレンテルル増感を最適に施してEm−pを得た。
乳剤Em−q, rの調製
乳剤Em−aについて、同じハロゲン組成を有し、同体積の球に換算した平均粒子直径が0.31μmで平均投影面積径が0. 44μm、平均アスペクト比が4. 4の平板状AgBrI乳剤を調製し、同様に同体積の球に換算した平均粒子直径が0.43μmで平均投影面積径が0. 61m、平均アスペクト比が4. 4の平板状AgBrI乳剤を調製した。この後にそれぞれ40℃で20分間色素S−aを吸着させた後に、を金硫黄セレンテルル増感を施す前にEm−cと同濃度の塩化ナトリウム溶液、臭化カリウム溶液およびヨウ化カリウム溶液を処方上それぞれ45mol%,45mol%,10mol% とになるように添加し0. 1%の6シアノルテニウム酸(II)カリウム溶液を完成粒子の1銀モルあたり2 ×10-4mol 添加し、その後Em−cと同濃度硝酸銀溶液を速やかに添加して突起部を形成した。突起部の体積は平板状部の体積の20%とした。化学増感剤としてチオシアン酸カリウムおよびハイポ以外に、セレン増感剤としてN, Nージメチルセレノウレアを、テルル増感剤としてビス(ジフェニルカルバモイル)ジテルリドを、金増感剤として塩化金酸を用いて金硫黄セレンテルル増感を最適に施してEm−qおよびEm−rを得た。
【0093】
乳剤Em−s,tの調製
乳剤Em−q,rにおいて、平板状のAgBrI乳剤粒子の調製後、40℃で20分間色素S−bを吸着させた後にEm−qおよびEm−rと同様に金硫黄セレンテルル増感を最適に施してそれぞれEm−sおよびEm−tを得た。
【0094】
乳剤Em−a〜Em−tの平板状部のハロゲン組成、平板状部の投影面積径(μm )、平板状部のアスペクト比、突起部のハロゲン組成、突起部の体積(%)、平板状部の粒子表面から40%の領域の平均ヨード量(mol%)、6シアノ錯体の使用、還元増感領域の有無、セレンおよびテルル増感の使用、粒子を同体積の球に換算した平均粒子直径(μm )および平板状部がアスペクト比2以上30以下のAgBrI で投影面積径が0.08μm 以上0.5 μm 以下である割合について表1に示した。
【0095】
【表1】
【0096】
【表2】
乳剤Em−a〜Em−tにそれぞれ下記に示す化合物を加え、下塗り層を有するトリアセチルセルロースフイルム支持体上に保護層と共に同時押しだし法で塗布し、それぞれ試料101〜120を得た。
(1)乳剤層
・乳剤 乳剤Em−a〜t(試料101〜120にそれぞれ対応)
・安定剤 4−ヒドロキシ−6−メチル−1,3,3a,7−テトラザインデン
(2)保護層
・ゼラチン
これらの試料に富士フィルターSC50を通した光で適切なセンシトメトリー用露光(1秒)を与え、下記組成D−19現像液により20℃で10分間白黒現像処理を行った後、常法により停止、定着、水洗、乾燥し、濃度測定を行った。
【0097】
以下に処理液の組成を示す。
【0098】
メトール 2. 2g
Na2 SO3 ・7H2 O 96 g
ハイドロキノン 8. 8g
Na2 CO3 56 g
KBr 5. 0g
水を加えて 1. 0リットル。
【0099】
下記表2に使用したかぶり、感度およびそれぞれの乳剤で使用した最適な色素量の結果を示す。感度はかぶりと最大濃度の和の半分の濃度を与える露光量の逆数で定義し、試料102〜116までは試料101の値からの感度差を、粒子サイズが異なる分を補正してそれぞれlogE相対値で示した。試料117は試料119を基準に、試料118は試料120を基準にしてサイズで補正したときの感度差をそれぞれlogE相対値で示した。
【0100】
色素量は試料102〜116(乳剤Em−b〜p)までは試料101(乳剤Em−aの量)を100としたときの使用量を、試料117(乳剤Em−q)は試料119(Em−s)を100としたときの、試料118(乳剤Em−r)は試料120(乳剤Em−t)を100としたときの値を示した。
【0101】
粒状性はかぶりと最大濃度の和の半分の濃度でのRMS粒状度を測定し試料101の値を100とした相対値で試料101から試料116について、試料119の値を100とした相対値で試料117について、試料120の値を100とした相対値で試料118について表した。粒状性はRMS粒状度が小さいほど優れていることを示す。
【0102】
【表3】
突起部を有さないハロゲン化銀粒子に対して、平板状部と突起部から成る粒子について、突起部の組成が平板状部と同じハロゲン組成では高感化できなかったが、別の組成、特にAgClを突起部に含むものは感度に最適な色素量を増大させることができ、突起部の体積が平板状部の体積の50%までは効率良く、色増感率を向上させることが分かった。粒子平板状部の周辺部にある範囲での高ヨード層を沈積させることによって粒状の荒れを良く抑制しながら高感化することが明らかであった。6シアノ酸ルテニウムのドープ、還元増感領域の存在およびセレン、テルル増感はこのような粒子形態には感度/粒状比を向上させるのに優れた増感効果があり、特に粒子表面に高ヨード層を含有する粒子に対して有効な感度/粒状比向上手段であった。また驚くべきことにこの高感化は、粒子の投影面積径が0.5 μm 以下で特に有効であった。
【0103】
また、上記乳剤に使用する色素S−aの代わりに下記色素S−bを使用しても同様な効果が得られることが分かった。
【0104】
(実施例2)
Em−1の調製
臭化カリウム6g、平均分子量1〜2万の低分子量ゼラチン0. 8gを蒸留水1. 5Lに溶かした水溶液を良く撹拌しながら、これに500cc中に70. 8gのKBrと低分子量ゼラチン11. 0gを含む水溶液と500cc中に100gの硝酸銀と硝酸アンモニウム4. 62gを含む水溶液を35℃においてダブルジェット法により40秒間加えた。このときのpAgは9. 0に保った。(この添加(1)で全銀量の5. 7%を消費した)KBr水溶液でpAgを9. 5に調整したのち液温を50℃に昇温した。この後フタル酸による処理を施したゼラチンを35g加えて、1L中に214. 4gのKBrと13. 2gのKIを含む水溶液と1L中に硝酸銀を320gと硝酸アンモニウムを0. 57g含む水溶液をダブルジェット法により30分間添加した。このときのpAgは8. 5に保った。(この添加(2)で全銀量の94. 3%を消費した。)続いて、上記乳剤に対し35℃にて公知のフロキュレーション法により水洗し、ゼラチンを加え40℃でpH=6. 3、pAg=8. 3に調整し、同体積の球に換算した平均粒子直径が0.25μmで平均投影面積径が0. 32μmで平均アスペクト比が3. 1の平板状AgBrI乳剤(I=4. 0mol%、変動係数19%)を得た。これに45℃で下記増感色素S−4およびS−6を最適量吸着させた後に、56℃に昇温し、チオシアン酸カリウム、塩化金酸、ハイポおよびセレン増感剤ジフェニル(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ホスフィンセレニドにより最適に金硫黄セレン増感を施し乳剤Em−1を得た。
【0105】
Em−2の調製
臭化カリウム6g、平均分子量1〜2万の低分子量ゼラチン0. 8gを蒸留水1. 5Lに溶かした水溶液を良く撹拌しながら、これに500cc中に70. 8gのKBrと低分子量ゼラチン11. 0gを含む水溶液と500cc中に100gの硝酸銀と硝酸アンモニウム4. 62gを含む水溶液を35℃においてダブルジェット法により40秒間加えた。このときのpAgは9. 0に保った。(この添加(1)で全銀量の5. 7%を消費した)KBr水溶液でpAgを9. 5に調整したのち液温を50℃に昇温した。この後フタル酸による処理を施したゼラチンを35g加えて、1L中に225gのKBrを含む水溶液と1L中に硝酸銀を316gと硝酸アンモニウムを0. 6g含む水溶液をダブルジェット法により22分間添加した。このときのpAgは8. 5に保った。(この添加(2)で全銀量の59. 3%を消費した。)次に1L中に198. 4gのKBrと35. 7gのKIを含む水溶液と1L中に硝酸銀を320gと硝酸アンモニウムを0. 57g含む水溶液をダブルジェット法により8分間添加した。このときのpAgは8. 7に保った。(この添加(3)で全銀量の35%を消費した。)続いて、上記乳剤に対し35℃にて公知のフロキュレーション法により水洗し、ゼラチンを加え40℃でpH=6. 3、pAg=8. 3に調整し、同体積の球に換算した平均粒子直径が0.25μmで平均投影面積径が0. 38μmで平均アスペクト比が5. 1の平板状AgBrI乳剤(平均I=4. 0mol%、変動係数18%)を得た。45℃にて増感色素S−4およびS−6を最適量吸着させた後に、56℃で最適に金硫黄セレン増感を施し乳剤Em−2を得た。
【0106】
Em−3の調製
臭化カリウム6g、平均分子量1〜2万の低分子量ゼラチン0. 8gを蒸留水1. 5Lに溶かした水溶液を良く撹拌しながら、これに500cc中に70. 8gのKBrと低分子量ゼラチン11. 0gを含む水溶液と500cc中に100gの硝酸銀と硝酸アンモニウム4. 62gを含む水溶液を35℃においてダブルジェット法により40秒間加えた。このときのpAgは9. 0に保った。(この添加(1)で全銀量の5. 7%を消費した)KBr水溶液でpAgを9. 5に調整したのち液温を50℃に昇温した。この後フタル酸による処理を施したゼラチンを35g加えて、1L中に225gのKBrを含む水溶液と1L中に硝酸銀を316gと硝酸アンモニウムを0. 6g含む水溶液をダブルジェット法により16分間添加した。このときのpAgは8. 7に保った。(この添加(2)で全銀量の74. 3%を消費した。)次に1L中に179. 1gのKBrと62. 5gのKIを含む水溶液と1L中に硝酸銀を320gと硝酸アンモニウムを0. 57g含む水溶液をダブルジェット法により4分間添加した。このときのpAgは8. 7に保った。(この添加(3)で全銀量の20%を消費した。)続いて、上記乳剤に対し35℃にて公知のフロキュレーション法により水洗し、ゼラチンを加え40℃でpH=6. 3、pAg=8. 3に調整し、同体積の球に換算した平均粒子直径が0.25μmで平均投影面積径が0. 42μmで平均アスペクト比が7. 2の平板状AgBrI乳剤(平均I=4. 0mol%、変動係数19%)を得た。45℃にて増感色素S−4およびS−6を最適量吸着させた後に、56℃で最適に金硫黄セレン増感を施し乳剤Em−3を得た。
【0107】
Em−4の調製
臭化カリウム6g、平均分子量1〜2万の低分子量ゼラチン0. 8gを蒸留水1. 5Lに溶かした水溶液を良く撹拌しながら、これに500cc中に70. 8gのKBrと低分子量ゼラチン11. 0gを含む水溶液と500cc中に100gの硝酸銀と硝酸アンモニウム4. 62gを含む水溶液を35℃においてダブルジェット法により40秒間加えた。このときのpAgは9. 0に保った。(この添加(1)で全銀量の5. 7%を消費した)KBr水溶液でpAgを9. 5に調整したのち液温を50℃に昇温した。この後フタル酸による処理を施したゼラチンを35g加えて、1L中に225gのKBrを含む水溶液と1L中に硝酸銀を316gと硝酸アンモニウムを0. 6g含む水溶液をダブルジェット法により22分間添加した。このときのpAgは8. 6に保った。(この添加(2)で全銀量の74. 3%を消費した。)次に100cc中に30. 0gのKIを含む水溶液と1L中に硝酸銀を320gと硝酸アンモニウムを0. 57g含む水溶液をダブルジェット法により4分間添加した。(この添加(3)で全銀量の5. 0%を添加した。)再び1L中に225gのKBrを含む水溶液と1L中に硝酸銀を316gと硝酸アンモニウムを0. 6g含む水溶液をダブルジェット法により4分間添加した。このときのpAgは8. 7に保った。(この添加(4)で全銀量の15%を消費した。)続いて、上記乳剤に対し35℃にて公知のフロキュレーション法により水洗し、ゼラチンを加え40℃でpH=6. 3、pAg=8. 3に調整し、同体積の球に換算した平均粒子直径が0.25μmで平均投影面積径が0. 40μmで平均アスペクト比が6. 1の平板状AgBrI乳剤(平均I=4. 0mol%、変動係数19%)を得た。45℃にて増感色素S−4およびS−6を最適量吸着させた後に、56℃で最適に金硫黄セレン増感を施し乳剤Em−4を得た。
【0108】
Em−5の調製
調製済み(色素吸着および化学増感前)のEm−1を40℃で溶解し増感色素S−4およびS−6を最適量吸着させた後に、100cc中にNaClを16. 2g含む水溶液と100cc中にAgNO3 を23. 6g含む水溶液の同時添加によりホスト銀量に対して10mol%の塩化銀突起部の形成を行い、最適に金硫黄セレン増感を施しEm−5を得た。
【0109】
Em−6の調製
調製済み(色素吸着および化学増感前)のEm−2を40℃で溶解し増感色素S−4およびS−6を最適量吸着させた後に、100cc中にNaClを16. 2g含む水溶液と100cc中にAgNO3 を23. 6g含む水溶液の同時添加によりホスト銀量に対して10mol%の塩化銀突起部の形成を行い、最適に金硫黄セレン増感を施しEm−6を得た。
【0110】
Em−7の調製
調製済み(色素吸着および化学増感前)のEm−3を40℃で溶解し増感色素S−4およびS−6を最適量吸着させた後に、100cc中にNaClを16. g含む水溶液と100cc中にAgNO3 を23. 6g含む水溶液の同時添加によりホスト銀量に対して10mol%の塩化銀突起部の形成を行い、最適に金硫黄セレン増感を施しEm−7を得た。
【0111】
Em−8の調製
調製済み(色素吸着および化学増感前)のEm−4を40℃で溶解し増感色素S−4およびS−6を最適量吸着させた後に、100cc中にNaClを16. 2g含む水溶液と100cc中にAgNO3 を23. 6g含む水溶液の同時添加によりホスト銀量に対して10mol%の塩化銀突起部の形成を行い、最適に金硫黄セレン増感を施しEm−8を得た。
【0112】
Em−9の調製
調製済み(色素吸着および化学増感前)のEm−3を40℃で溶解し増感色素S−4およびS−6を最適量吸着させた後に、平板状部に対してそれぞれ100cc中にNaClを16. 2g含む水溶液、100cc中にKBrを33. 0g含む水溶液および100cc中にKIを15. 3g含む水溶液により添加し、その後速やかに100cc中にAgNO3 を23. 6g含む水溶液の添加により平板状部銀量に対して15mol%の塩臭ヨウ化銀突起部の形成を行った。そのうちのハロゲン化銀はAgI が3mol%、AgBrが5mol%、AgClが7mol%を含んだ。その後最適に金硫黄セレン増感を施しEm−9を得た。
【0113】
Em−10の調製
調製済み(色素吸着および化学増感前)のEm−3を40℃で溶解し増感色素S−4およびS−6を最適量吸着させた後に、100cc中にNaClを5. 4gとKBrを22. 0g含む水溶液と100cc中にAgNO3 を23. 6g含む水溶液の同時添加によりEm−9同様、平板状部銀量に対して15mol%の塩臭化銀の突起部形成を行った。そのうちのハロゲン化銀はAgBrが5mol%、AgClが10mol%を含んだ。最適に金硫黄セレン増感を施しEm−10を得た。
【0114】
Em−11の調製
調製済み(色素吸着および化学増感前)のEm−4を40℃で溶解しEm−10と同様にして15mol%の塩臭化銀の突起部形成を行い、最適に金硫黄セレン増感を施しEm−11を得た。
【0115】
Em−12の調製
乳剤Em−1の粒子形成において粒子体積の80%から95%の領域に0. 1%の黄血塩水溶液を完成粒子の銀1モルあたり、5×10-4mol 添加し、その後の突起部形成過程はEm−5と同じにして最適に金硫黄セレン増感を施し乳剤Em−12を調製した。ここで、粒子体積のx%からy%の領域とは、平板状部の中心の体積を0%とし、中心から放射状に伸びる表面までの領域の体積を100%としたときの、x%の位置とy%の位置とにより挟まれる領域をいう。
【0116】
Em−13の調製
乳剤Em−3の粒子形成において粒子体積の80%から95%の領域に0. 1%の黄血塩水溶液を完成粒子の銀モルあたり、5×10-4mol 添加し、その後の突起部形成過程はEm−7と同じにして最適に金硫黄セレン増感を施し乳剤Em−13を調製した。
【0117】
Em−14の調製
乳剤Em−4の粒子形成において粒子体積の80%から95%の領域に0. 1%の黄血塩水溶液を完成粒子の銀モルあたり、5×10-4mol 添加し、その後の突起部形成過程はEm−8と同じにして最適に金硫黄セレン増感を施し乳剤Em−14を調製した。
【0118】
Em−15の調製
乳剤Em−3の粒子形成において粒子体積の80%から95%の領域に0. 1%の黄血塩水溶液を完成粒子の銀モルあたり、5×10-4mol 添加し、最適な色素量(S−4およびS−6)の1. 5倍を吸着させた後、最適に金硫黄セレン増感を施し乳剤Em−15を調製した。
【0119】
Em−16
乳剤Em−7の粒子形成において粒子体積の80%から95%の領域に0. 1%の黄血塩水溶液を完成粒子の銀モルあたり、5×10-4mol 添加し、最適な色素量(S−4およびS−6)を吸着させた後、その後の突起部形成過程はEm−7と同じにして、その後にすでに加えた色素量の半分の色素を添加した後に、最適に金硫黄セレン増感を施し乳剤Em−16を調製した。
【0120】
乳剤Em−1〜Em−16の乳剤粒子の平板状部の粒子全体に対する平均ヨード量(mol%)、平板状部の表面から体積の40%の領域の平均ヨード量(mol%)、平板状部を同体積の球に換算したときの平均直径(μm )、平板状部の平均投影面積径(μm )、平板状部の平均アスペクト比、平板状部の平均粒子厚み(μm )、転位線の有無、黄血塩の使用の有無、乳剤粒子Em−1を100としたときの使用色素量、突起部の有無および平板状部がアスペクト比2以上30以下のAgBrI で投影面積径が0.08μm 以上0.5 μm 以下である割合についてを表3に示した。
【0121】
【表4】
【0122】
【表5】
塗布試料201の作製
下塗りを施した厚み127 μmの三酢酸セルロースフィルム支持体上に、下記の組成の各層より成る多層カラー感光材料を作製し、試料201とした。数字は1平方メートル当りの添加量を表わす。なお添加した化合物の効果は記載した用途に限らない。
【0123】
第1層:ハレーション防止層
黒色コロイド銀 0.10g
ゼラチン 1.90g
紫外線吸収剤U−1 0.10g
紫外線吸収剤U−3 0.040 g
紫外線吸収剤U−4 0.10g
高沸点有機溶媒Oil−1 0.10g
染料E−1の微結晶固体分散物 0.10g。
【0124】
第2層:中間層
ゼラチン 0.40g
化合物Cpd−C 5.0 mg
化合物Cpd−I 5.0 mg
化合物Cpd−J 3.0 mg
高沸点有機溶媒Oil−3 0.10g
染料D−4 0.80m g。
【0125】
【0126】
第4層:低感度赤感性乳剤層
乳剤A 銀量 0.30g
乳剤B 銀量 0.20g
ゼラチン 0.80g
カプラーC−1 0.15g
カプラーC−2 0.050 g
化合物Cpd−C 5.0mg
化合物Cpd−J 5.0mg
高沸点有機溶媒Oil−2 0.10g
添加物P−1 0.10g。
【0127】
第5層:中感度赤感性乳剤層
乳剤C 銀量 0.50g
ゼラチン 0.80g
カプラーC−1 0.20g
カプラーC−2 0.050 g
高沸点有機溶媒Oil−2 0.10g
添加物P−1 0.10g。
【0128】
第6層:高感度赤感性乳剤層
乳剤D 銀量 0.40g
ゼラチン 1.10g
カプラーC−1 0.30g
カプラーC−2 0.10g
カプラーC−5 0.02g
添加物P−1 0.10g。
【0129】
第7層:中間層
ゼラチン 0.60g
添加物M−1 0.30g
混色防止剤Cpd−I 2.6 mg
染料D−5 0.020 g
化合物Cpd−J 5.0 mg
高沸点有機溶媒Oil−2 0.020 g。
【0130】
第8層:中間層
ゼラチン 1.00g
添加物P−1 0.20g
混色防止剤Cpd−A 0.10g
化合物Cpd−C 0.10g
化合物Cpd−L 3.0 mg。
【0131】
第9層:低感度緑感性乳剤層
乳剤E 銀量 0.20g
乳剤F 銀量 0.30g
ゼラチン 0.50g
カプラーC−3 0.10g
カプラーC−6 0.050 g
カプラーC−7 0.20g
化合物Cpd−B 0.030 g
化合物Cpd−D 0.020 g
化合物Cpd−E 0.020 g
化合物Cpd−F 0.040 g
化合物Cpd−I 10mg
化合物Cpd−K 0.020 g
高沸点有機溶媒Oil−1 0.10g
高沸点有機溶媒Oil−2 0.10g。
【0132】
第10層:中感度緑感性乳剤層
乳剤G 銀量 0.40g
ゼラチン 0.60g
カプラーC−3 0.100 g
カプラーC−6 0.200 g
カプラーC−7 0.100 g
化合物Cpd−B 0.030 g
化合物Cpd−D 0.020 g
化合物Cpd−E 0.020 g
化合物Cpd−F 0.050 g
化合物Cpd−K 0.050 g
高沸点有機溶媒Oil−2 0.010 g。
【0133】
第11層:高感度緑感性乳剤層
乳剤H 銀量 0.50g
ゼラチン 1.00g
カプラーC−3 0.30g
カプラーC−6 0.10g
カプラーC−7 0.10g
化合物Cpd−B 0.080 g
化合物Cpd−E 0.020 g
化合物Cpd−F 0.040 g
化合物Cpd−J 5.0 mg
化合物Cpd−K 0.020 g
高沸点有機溶媒Oil−1 0.020 g
高沸点有機溶媒Oil−2 0.020 g。
【0134】
第12層:中間層
ゼラチン 0.60g
化合物Cpd−K 0.050 g
高沸点有機溶媒Oil−1 0.050 g。
【0135】
第13層:イエローフィルター層
黄色コロイド銀 銀量 0.070 g
ゼラチン 1.10 g
混色防止剤Cpd−A 0.010 g
化合物Cpd−K 0.010 g
高沸点有機溶媒Oil−1 0.010 g
染料E−2の微結晶固体分散物 0.050 g。
【0136】
第14層:低感度青感性乳剤層
乳剤I 銀量 0.20g
乳剤J 銀量 0.30g
ゼラチン 0.80g
カプラーC−4 0.20g
カプラーC−5 0.10g
カプラーC−8 0.40g。
【0137】
第15層:中感度青感性乳剤層
乳剤K 銀量 0.50g
ゼラチン 0.90g
カプラーC−4 0.10g
カプラーC−5 0.10g
カプラーC−8 0.60g。
【0138】
第16層:高感度青感性乳剤層
乳剤L 銀量 0.40g
ゼラチン 1.20g
カプラーC−4 0.10g
カプラーC−5 0.10g
カプラーC−8 0.60g
高沸点有機溶媒Oil−2 0.10g。
【0139】
第17層:第1保護層
ゼラチン 0.70g
紫外線吸収剤U−1 0.20g
紫外線吸収剤U−2 0.050 g
紫外線吸収剤U−5 0.30g
ホルマリンスカベンジャー
Cpd−G 0.40g
染料D−1 0.15g
染料D−2 0.050 g
染料D−3 0.10g。
【0140】
【0141】
また、すべての乳剤層には上記組成物の他に添加剤F−1〜F−8を添加した。さらに、各層には上記組成物の他にゼラチン硬化剤H−1及び塗布用、乳化用界面活性剤W−3、W−4、W−5、W−6を添加した。
【0142】
更に防腐、防黴剤としてフェノール、1,2−ベンズイソチアゾリン−3−オン、2−フェノキシエタノール、フェネチルアルコール、p−安息香酸ブチルエステルを添加した。
【0143】
有機固体分散染料の分散物の調製
染料E−1を以下の方法で分散した。即ち、メタノールを30%含む染料のウェットケーキ1430gに水及びBASF社製PluronicF88(エチレンオキシド−プロピレンオキシド ブロック共重合体)200gを加えて攪拌し、染料濃度6%のスラリーとした。次に、アイメックス(株)製ウルトラビスコミル(UVM−2)に平均粒径0.5mmのジルコニアビーズを1700ml充填し、スラリーを通して周速焼く10m/sec、吐出量0.5l/minで8時間粉砕した。ビーズを濾過して除き、水を加えて染料濃度3%に希釈した後、安定化のために90℃で10時間加熱した。得られた染料微粒子の平均粒径は0.60μmであり、粒径の分布の広さ(粒径標準偏差×100/平均粒径)は18%であった。
【0144】
同様にして、染料E−2の固体分散物を得た。平均粒径は0.54μm及び0.56μmであった。
【0145】
【化1】
【0146】
【化2】
【0147】
【化3】
【0148】
【化4】
【0149】
【化5】
【0150】
【化6】
【0151】
【化7】
【0152】
【化8】
【0153】
【化9】
【0154】
【化10】
【0155】
【化11】
【0156】
【化12】
【0157】
【化13】
【0158】
【化14】
【0159】
【化15】
試料201に用いた沃臭化銀乳剤は以下のとおりである。
【0160】
【表6】
【0161】
【表7】
試料201の作成に用いた第9層の緑感性低感度乳剤E、Fの代わりに同じ銀量のEm−1〜Em−16を置き代えてそれぞれ試料202〜217を得た。
【0162】
試料の評価
(a)感度およびかぶりの評価
作製した試料201〜217を2000lux、1/50秒の色温度4800Kの白色光源を用い、ウェッジ露光を行い、下記の現像処理を行った後、Gフィルターによりマゼンタ濃度が0.2を与える相対露光量の逆数(E) の相対値で感度を測定した。基準を試料201として100で表6に示した。なお、マゼンタ濃度が0. 2の感度は主に緑感性低感度乳剤がもたらすものであり、マゼンタ最大濃度の低下が緑感性乳剤のかぶりとして見積もれる。
(b)RMS粒状度
次に、マゼンタ濃度0.2 におけるRMS粒状度を測定し試料201を100とした相対値で表した。数値が小さいほど粒状度は優れている。
【0163】
得られた結果を次の表6に示す。
【0164】
【表8】
乳剤EおよびFの2乳剤を種々の1乳剤に置き換えていながら、本発明の乳剤は粒状性においても試料201の性能を凌駕した。特に平板状部を高アスペクト比化して粒子厚みが薄いほど突起部の付帯により色素量を増すことができ、また平板状部の体積の表面から40%までのヨードが高いほど粒状性が良く、6シアノ錯体をドープした場合に本発明の乳剤が有効であることが分かった。驚くべくことに同様な効果は粒子サイズの変動係数によらず有効であることが分かった。また予想されなかったことであるが、平板状部に転位を導入した場合の本発明乳剤の使用が特に有効であることが分かった。
各処理液の組成は以下の通りであった。
【0165】
pHは硫酸又は水酸化カリウムで調整した。
【0166】
pHは酢酸又は水酸化ナトリウムで調整した。
【0167】
pHは硫酸又は水酸化カリウムで調整した。
【0168】
pHは酢酸又は水酸化ナトリウムで調整した。
【0169】
pHは硝酸又は水酸化ナトリウムで調整した。
【0170】
pHは酢酸又はアンモニア水で調整した。
【0171】
【0172】
(実施例3)
実施例2の試料201の赤感光層についても実施例2と同様な方法で試料を作成し同様な評価を行った。赤感光層に対する本発明の効果を確認したところ実施例2と同様な結果を得た。
【0173】
(実施例4)
実施例2の試料201の青感光層についても実施例2と同様な方法で試料を作成し同様な評価を行った。青感光層に対する本発明の効果を確認したところ実施例2と同様な結果を得た。
【0174】
【発明の効果】
本発明のハロゲン化銀カラー感光材料は、従来品よりも感度、および粒状性に優れた性質を示す。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a silver halide emulsion comprising a flat plate portion having a projected area diameter of 0.08 μm or more and 0.5 μm or less and an aspect ratio of 2 or more and 30 or less and its main plane or / and fringe and corner projections. The present invention relates to a silver halide emulsion containing silver halide grains characterized by the following.
[0002]
The present invention also relates to a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material containing the above silver halide emulsion and a method for forming an image on such a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material.
[0003]
[Prior art]
Roughness (graininess) of an image of a color photographic light-sensitive material, particularly a color reversal light-sensitive material often used by professional photographers, is particularly noticeable in a bright portion (highlight portion) of the image. This portion is responsible for the silver halide emulsion grains having a relatively small grain size and contained in the lowest photosensitive layer in each color-sensitive layer. In order to improve the graininess brought about by the silver halide emulsion in the small size range, it is necessary to make the silver halide grain size necessary for obtaining the same sensitivity as small as possible. That is, there is a need for a high-sensitivity technology that compensates for the decrease in sensitivity associated with the fine particles. US Pat. Nos. (Hereinafter also referred to as “US”) Nos. 4434226, 4439520, 4414310, 4433048, 4414306, 4459353, etc. receive light by using tabular silver halide grains A technology for enhancing the sensitization by increasing the color sensitization rate by the spectral sensitizing dye by increasing the surface area of the dye is disclosed. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,672,027 and 4,693,964 are tabular grains having an aspect ratio of 8 or more and an average diameter of 0.2 to 0.55 [mu] m, and JP-A-62-185555 has a thickness of less than 0.12 [mu] m and an average diameter. It is disclosed that a photographic light-sensitive material having excellent sharpness can be obtained by an emulsion containing silver halide grains having an aspect ratio of 5 or more and an aspect ratio of less than 0.6 μm. We have studied particles in the area where the average projected area diameter is 0.5 μm or less and the aspect ratio is 2 or more. As the aspect ratio is increased, more sensitizing dyes can be used and the spectral sensitivity can be increased. It was confirmed. On the other hand, as the aspect ratio increases, it becomes clear that although many sensitizing dyes can be adsorbed, the use of a certain amount or more of the dyes causes the particles to aggregate and reversely deteriorate in granular form. Therefore, in order to improve the sensitivity / granularity ratio of tabular silver halide grains in a small size region where graininess is particularly conspicuous, a technology capable of using a dye having an increased aspect ratio and increased surface area of the grains has been desired. .
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the present invention]
In tabular silver halides with a projected area diameter of 0.5 μm or less and an aspect ratio of 2 or more, post-ripening is inhibited by increasing the amount of spectral sensitizing dye (hereinafter also simply referred to as dye), and graininess is reduced. It is an object of the present invention to provide a silver halide photographic emulsion having an excellent sensitivity / grain ratio by finding a technique for enhancing the sensitivity without causing the disadvantage of loss.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventor has studied to obtain a tabular photographic emulsion having an area having a projected area diameter of 0.5 μm or less and an aspect ratio of 2 or more, which is superior in sensitivity / granularity ratio. As a result, although the sensitizing dye can be adsorbed by increasing the aspect ratio, the protective colloid ability of the gelatin covering the silver halide grains decreases as the amount of dye relative to the number increases in the emulsion grain volume. It became clear that the post-ripening inhibition and granular deterioration were caused by aggregation of particles. According to the electron micrograph, the aggregation of the particles was caused by the overlapping of the main planes of the tabular grains. Therefore, it was found that when the shape of the particle was made of a flat plate portion and a protrusion portion, the particles did not overlap each other, aggregation was prevented, and the graininess could be improved without deteriorating. The same examination was performed for various particle sizes, but surprisingly, this effect was remarkable when the average projected area diameter of the particles was 0.5 μm or less. Further, it was remarkably effective when the average particle thickness was 0.2 μm or less, particularly 0.08 μ or less. In addition, it has been found that it is effective to use 6-cyano metal complex dope, reduction sensitization region incidental, use of selenium sensitization or tellurium sensitization, or a combination thereof for enhancing the sensitivity in such a particle structure. However, when these sensitizations were not performed, this was an effective technique when the coefficient of variation of the grain size (projected area circle equivalent diameter) of the flat plate portion was 20% or less.
[0006]
That is, the present invention includes the following silver halide photographic emulsion, a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material containing the same, and an image forming method thereof.
[0007]
(1) An AgBrI flat plate portion with an aspect ratio of 2 or more and 30 or less and its main plane or / and fringe and corner projections.AndThe projected area diameter of the flat plate portion is 0.08 μm or more and 0.5 μm or less.RuContain at least 80% of the projected area of all silver halide grainsIt is characterized bySilver halide emulsion.
[0008]
(2) The silver halide emulsion of the above (1), wherein the halogen composition of the protrusion is different from the halogen composition of the plate-like part.
(3)The silver halide emulsion as described in (1) above, wherein the protrusion has a halogen composition of silver iodobromide.
[0009]
(4(2) The silver halide emulsion as described in (2) above, wherein the protrusions contain chloride ions.
[0010]
(5The above-mentioned (3), wherein the silver amount of the protruding portion is 0.5 mol% or more and 50 mol% or less of the silver amount of the flat plate portion.Or (4)Silver halide emulsion.
[0011]
(6) A region within 40% of the volume from the grain surface of the plate-like portion contains an average of 5 mol% or more and 20 mol% or less of iodo ions.Any one of (1) to (5) aboveSilver halide emulsion.
(7)(6) The silver halide emulsion as described in (6) above, wherein the area within 40% of the volume of the tabular portion from the grain surface has a higher average content of iodine ions than inside the grain.
[0012]
(8)SaidSilver halide grainsButIt contains a 6-cyano metal complex inside the particle.Any one of (1) to (7) aboveSilver halide emulsion.
[0013]
(9)SaidSilver halide grainsParticleThe inside or the surface of or the inside and the surface have a reduction sensitization regionAny one of (1) to (8) aboveSilver halide emulsion.
[0014]
(10)SaidSilver halide grainsBut the particlesThe inside or the surface or the inside and the surface have a reduction sensitization regionAndThe surface or the inside and the surface of silver halide grains are selenium-sensitized or tellurium-sensitized or selenium- or tellurium-sensitized.Any one of (1) to (9) aboveSilver halide emulsion.
[0015]
(11) The silver halide grains have a thickness of 0.2 μm or less (1)To any of (10)The silver halide emulsion as described.
[0016]
(12) Above (1)To any of (11)A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material comprising the silver halide emulsion described above in at least one layer.
[0017]
(13) the above(12)The method for forming an image on the silver halide photographic light-sensitive material described above comprises a processing step in a developing solution in which dissolution physical development occurs.
[0018]
The present invention is described in detail below.
[0019]
The silver halide composition of the emulsion grains consists of silver iodobromide or silver iodobromochloride. The grain shape is a shape composed of tabular grains having a projected area diameter of 0.08 μm to 0.5 μm and an aspect ratio of 2 to 30 and a projection.
[0020]
The silver halide composition of the tabular portion is made of silver iodobromide, and the protrusions may be the same or different in the type and / or content of the halogen composition from the tabular portion, but are preferably different. The silver halide composition of the protrusion is made of silver iodobromochloride, silver iodobromide, silver bromochloride, silver bromide or silver chloride.
[0021]
The incidental position of the protrusion is on the main plane of the flat plate portion and / or on the fringe or corner portion. That is, the protruding portion may exist over the entire main plane (main plane portion) of the flat plate-like portion, may be present in the fringe portion or the corner portion, or may be a combination of these positions. Here, the main plane refers to the two planes having the largest area in the flat plate portion, and the crystal structure of this plane may be {111} plane, {100} plane, {110} plane, or higher order plane. . The fringe portion refers to a ridge around the main plane or a narrow surface (side portion) surrounded by the ridges. The corner portion is defined when the shape of the main plane of the flat plate portion is a triangular or hexagonal flat plate shape, and is a main plane portion and a side surface portion of the flat plate portion, and is a triangle or hexagon of the main plane. Refers to the corner of the corner. In general, the adsorption of the dye is preferably performed on the main plane portion. When the dye is adsorbed on the main plane part, the fringe part and the corner part are preferable to the incidental position of the protrusion part rather than the main plane part. The formation position of the protrusion can be controlled by the amount and type of the dye used. The dye is usually 1 × 10-Fivemol / molAg 〜5 × 10-3Use mol / molAg. Prior to the formation of the protrusions, the tabular grains may be adsorbed with a dye such as a spectral sensitizing dye, which will be described later, or other adsorbate, or may be limited by adding various halogen ions. However, the formation site may be limited by the iodine structure of the tabular grains.
[0022]
The silver halide grain protrusions preferably contain chloride ions, and more preferably 10 mol% or more of the silver halide constituting one protrusion is silver chloride. The method for forming the protrusion is a solution containing halogen ions and AgNO.ThreeThe liquids may be added simultaneously or separately, and may be formed by adding AgCl particles, AgBr particles, AgI particles having a particle diameter smaller than that of the plate-like portion, or by adding a combination of them appropriately. The protrusion is a flat plate1More than one can be attached. The silver amount of the protrusions (the total of the protrusions when there are a plurality of protrusions) is preferably 0.5 mol% or more and 50 mol mol or less of the silver amount of the flat plate portion, and is preferably 3 mol% or more and 30 mol% or less. Is more preferable.
[0023]
In the tabular portion of the silver halide grain of the present invention, it is desirable that the layered region within 40% of the volume from the surface contains an average of 5 mol% or more and 20 mol% or less iodo ions with respect to the silver halide in the region. . Preferably, the layered region within 20% of the volume from the grain surface is 7 mol% or more and 15 mol% or less on average with respect to the silver halide in the region. The boundary of the silver iodide-containing layer between structures may be clear, or may change continuously and gently. Iodine ions may be added from the middle of the growth process so that the subsequent iodine content is uniform, but initially high concentration and later low concentration or initially low concentration and later high concentration or iodine ion concentration in the middle. It may change with. Introducing iodo ions is a KBr solution containing iodo ions and AgNO.ThreeMay be added simultaneously or separately. It is also possible to add only a solution containing iodine ions under the condition that the iodine ions are taken into the particles. Further, introduction by AgI fine particles may be used. Although dislocation lines may or may not enter the main plane part, fringe part or corner part of the particle by introducing iodine, it is preferable that dislocation lines enter the fringe part and / or corner part, and the density of the dislocation lines is high. Most preferred.
[0024]
The flat part is particularly preferably a flat part having a projected area diameter of 0.08 μm to 0.4 μm and an aspect ratio of 3 to 20. Here, the projected area and the aspect ratio of the plate-like portion can be measured from an electron micrograph by a carbon replica method in which a shadow is added together with a latex latex for reference. The flat plate portion is usually in the form of a hexagon, a triangle or a circle when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the main plane, but the value obtained by dividing the equivalent diameter of a circle having an area equal to the projected area by the thickness. Is the aspect ratio. The shape of the main plane of the flat plate portion is preferably as the hexagonal ratio is high, and the ratio of the lengths of adjacent sides of the hexagon is preferably 1: 2 or less.
[0025]
Since the effect of the present invention is more remarkable as the aspect ratio of the tabular portion is higher, more preferably 50% or more of the projected area of all the grains is occupied by grains having an aspect ratio of 5 or more. Most preferably, the aspect ratio of the flat plate portion is 8 or more. However, if the aspect ratio becomes too large, the above-mentioned variation coefficient of the particle size distribution tends to increase. Therefore, the aspect ratio is usually preferably 20 or less. In the present invention, a preferred plate-like portion of the grain is composed of opposing {111} main planes and side surfaces connecting the main planes, and at least one twin plane is included between the main planes. In the tabular grain emulsion of the present invention, usually two twin planes are observed. The distance between the two twin planes can be less than 0.012 μm as described in US Pat. No. 5,219,720. Furthermore, as described in JP-A-5-249585, the value obtained by dividing the distance between {111} main planes by the twin plane spacing can be 15 or more.
[0026]
The tabular portion of the silver iodobromide or silver iodobromochloride grain emulsion preferred in the present invention can be prepared by combining various methods known per se. The preparation of the plate-like part usually consists of three basic steps of nucleation, ripening and growth.
[0027]
In the nucleation step, gelatin having a low methionine content described in US Pat. No. 4,713,320 and US Pat. No. 4,942,120 is used, nucleation is performed at a high pBr described in US Pat. No. 4,914,014, The formation is very effective in the nucleation step of the tabular grain emulsion preferred in the present invention.
[0028]
In the ripening step, performing in the presence of a low-concentration base described in US Pat. No. 5,254,453 and performing at a high pH described in US Pat. No. 5,136,441 may be effective in the ripening step of the tabular portion of the grains used in the present invention.
[0029]
In the growth process, the growth at a low temperature described in US Pat. No. 5,248,587 and the use of silver iodide fine grains described in US Pat. No. 4,672,027 and US Pat. No. 4,693,964 are particularly effective in the growth process of the emulsion grains of the present invention.
[0030]
The dislocation line of the flat plate portion is, for example, J. F. Hamilton, Photo. Sci. Eng. 11, 57, (1967) and T.W. Shiozawa, J. et al. Soc. Photo. Sci. It can be observed by a direct method using a transmission electron microscope at a low temperature described in Japan, 35, 213, (1972). In other words, the silver halide grains taken out carefully so as not to apply a pressure that causes dislocation lines to the grains from the emulsion are placed on a mesh for electron microscope observation to prevent damage (printout, etc.) due to electron beams. Observation is performed by a transmission method in a state where the tube is cooled. At this time, the thicker the particle, the more difficult it is to transmit the electron beam. Therefore, it is possible to observe more clearly using a high-pressure type electron microscope (200 kV or more for a particle having a thickness of 0.25 μm). .
[0031]
From the photograph of the particles obtained by such a method, the position and the number of dislocation lines for each particle when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the main plane can be obtained.
[0032]
The number of dislocation lines is preferably an average of 10 or more per particle. More preferably, the average number is 20 or more per particle. When dislocation lines are densely present, or when dislocation lines are observed crossing each other, the number of dislocation lines per grain may not be clearly counted. However, even in these cases, it can be counted to the order of approximately 10, 20, or 30, and clearly, it can be distinguished from the case where there are only a few. The average number of dislocation lines per particle is obtained as a number average by counting the number of dislocation lines for 100 grains or more.
[0033]
Further, dislocation lines may be provided almost uniformly over the entire fringe portion of the flat plate-like portion, or dislocation lines may be provided at local positions of the fringe portion. That is, taking hexagonal tabular silver halide grains as an example, dislocation lines may be limited only to the vicinity of six vertices, or dislocation lines may be limited to only one of the vertices. Conversely, it is possible that the dislocation line is limited to only the sides excluding the vicinity of the six vertices. Moreover, it may be limited to a fringe part, a main plane part, or a local position, and these may be combined and formed. That is, it may exist simultaneously on the fringe portion and the main plane.
[0034]
6 cyano metal complex in the inside or the surface or inside and the surface of the plate-like part, inside or the surface or inside or the surface of the protrusion, both the flat part and the protrusion, or the interface between the flat part and the protrusion Is preferably doped. Here, the surface indicates a region from the interface between the silver halide grain surface and gelatin covering the grain or adsorbed material to the grain up to 10 angstroms. The inside of the particle refers to the inside rather than this region (surface). The interface refers to a depth of 0.05 μm from the contact surface between the flat plate-like portion and the protruding portion.
[0035]
Among the 6 cyano metal complexes, those containing iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium or chromium are preferred. Two or more kinds of complexes may be used in combination with the cyano complex ion. The amount of metal complex added is 10 per mole of silver halide.-9Thru 10-2Preferably in the molar range, 10 per mole of silver halide.-8Thru 10-FourMore preferably, it is in the molar range. The metal complex of iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium or iridium is added at the stage of silver halide grain preparation (before and after nucleation, growth, physical ripening and chemical sensitization). The metal complex may be added in portions over several times. The metal complex can be added by dissolving in water or an organic solvent. The organic solvent is preferably miscible with water. Examples of the organic solvent include alcohols, ethers, glycols, ketones, esters, and amides.
[0036]
As the metal complex used in combination with the cyano complex ion, an iridium complex is particularly preferable. The iridium complex is preferably trivalent or tetravalent. Examples of iridium complexes include hexachloroiridium (III) complex salts, hexachloroiridium (VI) complex salts, hexabromoiridium (III) complex salts, hexabromoiridium (VI) complex salts, hexaiodoiridium (III) complex salts, hexaiodoiridium (VI ) Complex salts, hexaammineiridium (III) complex salts and hexaammineiridium (VI) complex salts. As the counter cation of the iridium complex, it is preferable to use an ion that is easily miscible with water and suitable for the precipitation operation of the silver halide emulsion. Examples of counter ions include alkali metal ions (eg, sodium ions, potassium ions, rubidium ions, cesium ions, lithium ions), ammonium ions and alkylammonium ions. The amount of iridium complex added is 10 per mol of silver halide except for the case of 6-cyanoiridium complex represented by the following formula (VII).-9Thru 10-FourPreferably in the molar range, 10 per mole of silver halide.-8Thru 10-FiveMore preferably, it is in the molar range.
[0037]
As the metal complex used in combination with the cyano complex ion, a 6-cyano metal complex represented by the following formula (VII) is particularly preferable. The 6-cyano metal complex has an effect of suppressing the occurrence of covering even when a highly sensitive photosensitive material is obtained and the raw photosensitive material is stored for a long period of time.
[0038]
(VII) [M (CN)6]n-
(In the formula, M is iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium or chromium, and n is 3 or 4.)
Specific examples of 6-cyano metal complexes are shown below.
(VII-1) [Fe (CN)6]Four-
(VII-2) [Fe (CN)6]3-
(VII-3) [Ru (CN)6]Four-
(VII-4) [Os (CN)6]Four-
(VII-5) [Co (CN)6]3-
(VII-6) [Rh (CN)6]3-
(VII-7) [Ir (CN)6]3-
(VII-8) [Cr (CN)6]Four-.
[0039]
The counter cation of the hexacyano complex is preferably an ion that is easily miscible with water and is compatible with the precipitation operation of the silver halide emulsion. Examples of counter ions include alkali metal ions (eg, sodium ions, potassium ions, rubidium ions, cesium ions, lithium ions), ammonium ions and alkylammonium ions.
[0040]
The amount of 6 cyano metal complex added was 10 per mole of silver halide.-6Thru 10-3Preferably in the molar range, 5 × 10 5 per mole of silver halide.-6To 5 × 10-FourMore preferably, it is in the molar range. The 6-cyano metal complex of iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium or chromium can be added at the stage of silver halide grain preparation (before and after nucleation, growth, physical ripening and chemical ripening). The 6 cyano metal complex may be added in several divided portions. The 6-cyano metal complex of iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium or chromium is preferably introduced into the surface layer of 50% or more of the total addition amount to 50% or less of the particle volume. Here, the surface layer having a particle volume of 50% or less means a surface portion corresponding to a volume of 50% or less of the volume of one particle. The volume of this surface phase is preferably 40% or less, more preferably 20% or less. Moreover, you may provide the layer which does not contain 6 cyano metal complexes of iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, or chromium outside the surface phase defined here. The 6-cyano metal complex of iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium or chromium can be dissolved in water or an organic solvent miscible with water and added directly to the reaction solution when forming silver halide grains. it can. Or it can also introduce | transduce by adding a complex in the solution (in halide aqueous solution, silver aqueous solution) for forming a halogen silver particle, or in the solution other than that, and performing grain formation. Alternatively, the metal complex can be introduced into the grains by dissolving and adding silver halide grains containing a metal complex in advance and depositing the grains on another silver halide grain.
[0041]
Although it is influenced by the grain size, the halogen composition of the plate-like portion and the projection, the site and amount of the projection, etc., the preferred doping amount is 1 × 10 6 per mole of silver.-8~ 1 x10-1mol range, particularly preferably 1 x 10 per silver mole-Five~ 1 x10-2The range is mol. The particularly preferred species as the doped species is [Fe (CN)6]Four- , [Fe (CN)6]3- , [Ru (CN)6]Four- , [Cr (CN)6 ]Four- It is.
[0042]
The emulsion grains of the present invention are preferably monodisperse emulsions having a sphere equivalent diameter variation coefficient of 20% or less.
[0043]
It is particularly effective that the emulsion grains of the present invention contain a reduction sensitization region inside or on the surface or inside and on the surface. Here, the grain surface refers to a region from the interface between the silver halide grain surface and gelatin covering the grain or an adsorbent to the grain up to 10 angstroms. The inside of the particle refers to the inside rather than this region. In particular, reduction sensitization is effective for the tabular grains of the present invention containing a relatively high concentration of iodo ions on the grain surface of the tabular section.
[0044]
The reduction sensitization region is a method of adding a reduction sensitizer to a silver halide emulsion, a method of growing or ripening in a low pAg atmosphere called silver ripening, or a pH of 8-11 called high pH ripening. It can be formed by either growing in a pH atmosphere or aging. Two or more methods can be used in combination.
[0045]
The method of forming by adding a reduction sensitizer is a preferable method in that the level of reduction sensitization can be finely adjusted.
[0046]
As reduction sensitizers, stannous salts, ascorbic acid and its derivatives, amines and polyamines, hydrazine derivatives, formamidine sulfinic acid, silane compounds, borane compounds and the like are known. For the reduction sensitization used in the present invention, these known reduction sensitizers can be selected and used, and two or more kinds of compounds can be used in combination. As a reduction sensitizer, stannous chloride, thiourea dioxide, dimethylamine borane, ascorbic acid and derivatives thereof are preferable compounds. Since the addition amount of the reduction sensitizer depends on the emulsion production conditions, it is necessary to select the addition amount, but it is 10 per mol of silver halide.-7-10-3A molar range is suitable.
[0047]
The reduction sensitizer is dissolved in water or a solvent such as alcohols, glycols, ketones, esters and amides and added during particle growth. Although it may be added to the reaction vessel in advance, it is preferable to add it at an appropriate time of particle growth. Alternatively, a reduction sensitizer may be added in advance to an aqueous solution of a water-soluble silver salt or water-soluble alkali halide, and silver halide grains may be precipitated using the aqueous solution. It is also preferable to add the reduction sensitizer solution several times as the particle grows, or to add it continuously for a long time.
[0048]
The chemical sensitization that can be preferably performed in the present invention is chalcogenide sensitization and noble metal sensitization, either alone or in combination. The photographic process, 4th edition, published by Macmillan, 1977, (THJames, The Theory of the Photographic Process, 4th ed, Macmillan, 1977) can be performed using active gelatin as described on pages 67-76, and Research Disclosure Volume 120, April 1974. 12008; Research Disclosure, 34, June, 1975, 13452, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,642,361, 3,297,446, 3,772,031, 3,857,711, 3,901,714, 4,266,018, 3,904,415, and British Patent 1,315,755 pAg5~10 As the mounting can be at pH5~8 and temperature 30 to 80 ° C. Sulfur, selenium, tellurium, gold, platinum, palladium, iridium or a combination of these sensitizers. In the noble metal sensitization, noble metal salts such as gold, platinum, palladium, iridium and the like can be used, and gold sensitization, palladium sensitization and the combined use of both are particularly preferable. In the case of gold sensitization, known compounds such as chloroauric acid, potassium chloroaurate, potassium aurithiocyanate, gold sulfide and gold selenide can be used. The palladium compound means a palladium divalent salt or a tetravalent salt. Preferred palladium compounds are R2PdX6Or R2PdXFourIt is represented by Here, R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom or an ammonium group. X represents a halogen atom and represents a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom.
[0049]
Specifically, K2PdClFour, (NHFour)2PdCl6, Na2PdClFour, (NHFour)2PdClFour, Li2PdClFour, Na2PdCl6Or K2PdBrFourIs preferred. Gold compounds and palladium compounds are preferably used in combination with thiocyanate or selenocyanate.
[0050]
Hypo, thiourea compounds, rhodanine compounds and sulfur-containing compounds described in US Pat. Nos. 3,857,711, 4,266,018 and 4,054,457 as sulfur sensitizers Can be used. Chemical sensitization can also be performed in the presence of a so-called chemical sensitization aid. Useful chemical sensitization aids include compounds known to suppress fog and increase sensitivity during the process of chemical sensitization, such as azaindene, azapyridazine, and azapyrimidine. Examples of chemical sensitization aid modifiers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,131,038, 3,411,914, 3,554,757, JP-A-58-126526, and “ Photographic emulsion chemistry ", pages 138-143.
[0051]
It is particularly preferred that the grains used in the emulsion of the present invention have selenium sensitization or tellurium sensitization or selenium or tellurium sensitization on the surface or inside and surface of the grain. The definition of the surface and the interior of the particle is the same as described above. Here, selenium sensitization means sensitizing treatment with a selenium sensitizer listed below, but also includes the combined use of a sulfur sensitizer and / or a gold sensitizer. Tellurium sensitization means sensitizing treatment with the following tellurium sensitizers, but also includes the combined use of sulfur sensitizers and / or gold sensitizers. Selenium and tellurium sensitization means that a sensitization treatment is performed by the combined use of the following selenium sensitizer and tellurium sensitizer, but also includes a combination of sulfur sensitizer and gold sensitizer.
[0052]
In the selenium sensitization, unstable selenium compounds can be used. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,297,446, 3,297,447, JP-A-4-25832, 4-109240, 4-147250 and 4-271341. 5-40324, 5-224332, 5-224333, 5-11385, 6-43576, 6-75328, 6-175258, 6-175259, The compounds described in JP-A Nos. 6-180478, 6-208184, and 6-208186 are preferable.
[0053]
Specifically, phosphine selenides (for example, triphenylphosphine selenide, diphenyl (pentafluorophenyl) phosphine selenide), selenophosphates (for example, tri-p-tolylselenophosphate), selenophosphinic acid Esters, selenophosphonic acid esters, selenoureas (eg, N, N-dimethylselenourea, N-acetyl-N, N ′, N′-trimethylselenourea, N-trifluoroacetyl-N, N ′ , N′-trimethylselenourea), selenoamides (eg, N, N-dimethylselenobenzamide, N, N-diethylselenobenzamide), selenoesters (eg, p-methoxyselenobenzoic acid o-isopropyl ester, p -Methoxysel Benzoic acid Se- (3′-oxocyclohexyl) ester), diacyl selenides (eg, bis (2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl) selenide, bis (2,4-dimethoxybenzoyl) selenide), dicarbamoyl selenides (eg, , Bis (N, N-dimethylcarbamoyl) selenide, bis (alkoxycarbonyl) selenides (eg, bis (n-butoxycarbonyl) selenide, bis (benzyloxycarbonyl) selenide), triselenanes (eg, 2, 4, 6 -Tris (p-methoxyphenyl) triselenane), diselenides, polyselenides, selenium sulfide, selenoketones, selenocarboxylic acids, isoselenocyanates, colloidal selenium, etc. Preferably, phosphine selenides, Selenamides, dicarbamoyl selenides, bis (alkoxycarbonyl) selenides, and seleno esters are used.
[0054]
Furthermore, non-labile selenium compounds described in JP-B Nos. 46-4553 and 52-34492, such as sodium selenite, potassium selenocyanate, selenazoles, and selenides can also be used.
[0055]
In tellurium sensitization, an unstable tellurium compound is used, and JP-A-4-224595, JP-A-4-271341, JP-A-4-3333043, JP-A-5-303157, JP-A-6-27573, JP-A-6-175258, 6-180478, 6-208184, 6-208186, 6-317867, 7-140579, 7-301879, 7-301880, etc. Compounds can be used.
[0056]
Specifically, phosphine tellurides (for example, normal butyl-diisopropylphosphine telluride, triisobutylphosphine telluride, trinormal butoxyphosphine telluride, triisopropylphosphine telluride), diacyl (di) tellurides (for example, bis (Diphenylcarbamoyl) ditelluride, bis (N-phenyl-N-methylcarbamoyl) ditelluride, bis (N-phenyl-N-methylcarbamoyl) telluride, bis (N-phenyl-N-benzylcarbamoyl) telluride, bis (ethoxycarbonyl) Telluride), telluroureas (for example, N, N′-dimethylethylenetellurourea), telluramides, telluroesters and the like may be used. Preferred are phosphine tellurides and diacyl (di) tellurides.
[0057]
The emulsion of the present invention is preferably used in combination with gold sensitization. The preferred amount of gold sensitizer is 1 x 10 per mole of silver halide.-Four~ 1x10-7Mole, more preferably 1 × 10-Five~ 5x10-7Is a mole. The preferred range of the palladium compound is 1 × 10-3To 5 × 10-7It is. A preferable range of the thiocyan compound or the selenocyan compound is 5 × 10.-2To 1 × 10-6It is.
[0058]
The preferred amount of sulfur sensitizer used for the silver halide grains of the present invention is 1 x 10 per mole of silver halide.-Four~ 1x10-7Mole, more preferably 1 × 10-Five~ 5x10-7Is a mole.
[0059]
As a protective colloid used in preparing the emulsion of the present invention and as a binder for other hydrophilic colloid layers, it is advantageous to use gelatin, but other hydrophilic colloids can also be used.
[0060]
For example, gelatin derivatives, graft polymers of gelatin and other polymers, proteins such as albumin and casein; cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and cellulose sulfates; sugar derivatives such as sodium alginate and starch derivatives; polyvinyl alcohol Use various synthetic hydrophilic polymer materials such as mono- or copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol partial acetal, poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl imidazole, polyvinyl pyrazole, etc. Can do.
[0061]
As the gelatin, in addition to lime-processed gelatin, acid-processed gelatin or enzyme-processed gelatin as described in Bull. Soc. Sci. Photo. Japan. No. 16, P30 (1966) may be used. Gelatin that has been treated with phthalic acid described in No. 82883 may be used. In addition, a hydrolyzate or enzyme degradation product of gelatin can also be used.
[0062]
The emulsion of the present invention is preferably washed with water for desalting to form a newly prepared protective colloid dispersion. The washing temperature can be selected according to the purpose, but it is preferably selected in the range of 5 ° to 50 ° C. Although pH at the time of water washing can also be chosen according to the objective, it is preferred to choose between 2-10. More preferably, it is the range of 3-8. Although pAg at the time of water washing can also be selected according to the objective, it is preferable to select between 5-10. The washing method can be selected from a noodle washing method, a dialysis method using a semipermeable membrane, a centrifugal separation method, a coagulation sedimentation method, and an ion exchange method. In the case of the coagulation sedimentation method, a method using a sulfate, a method using an organic solvent, a method using a water-soluble polymer, a method using a gelatin derivative and the like can be selected.
[0063]
A method of adding a chalcogenide compound as described in US Pat. No. 3,772,031 during emulsion preparation may be useful. In addition to S, Se, and Te, cyanate, thiocyanate, selenocyanic acid, carbonate, phosphate, and acetate may be present.
[0064]
It is preferable to use an oxidizing agent for silver during the production process of the emulsion of the present invention. The oxidizing agent for silver refers to a compound having an action of acting on metallic silver and converting it into silver ions. Particularly effective are compounds capable of converting extremely fine silver grains by-produced in the process of forming silver halide grains and chemical sensitization into silver ions. The silver ions generated here may form a silver salt that is hardly soluble in water such as silver halide, silver sulfide, or silver selenide, or may form a silver salt that is easily soluble in water such as silver nitrate. Also good. The oxidizing agent for silver may be an inorganic substance or an organic substance. Inorganic oxidants include ozone, hydrogen peroxide and its adducts (eg, NaBO).2・ H2O2・ 3H2O, 2NaCOThree・ 3H2O2, NaFourP2O7・ 2H2O22Na2SOFour・ H2O2・ 2H2O), peroxyacid salts (eg K)2S2O8, K2C2O6, K2P2O8), Peroxy complex compounds (for example, K2{Ti (O2) C2OFour} ・ 3H2O, 4K2SOFour・ Ti (O2) OH / SOFour・ 2H2O, NaThree{VO (O2(C2HFour)2・ 6H2O}, permanganate (eg, KMnOFour), Chromate (eg, K2Cr2O7) Oxygenates, halogen elements such as iodine and bromine, perhalogenates (eg potassium periodate), high valent metal salts (eg potassium hexacyanoferrate) and thiosulfonates is there. Examples of organic oxidizing agents include quinones such as p-quinone, organic peroxides such as peracetic acid and perbenzoic acid, and compounds that release active halogens (for example, N-bromosuccinimide, chloramine T, chloramine B). ) As an example.
[0065]
Preferred oxidizing agents that can be used in the present invention are ozone, hydrogen peroxide and its adducts, halogen elements, inorganic oxidizers of thiosulfonates, and organic oxidizers of quinones. It is a preferred embodiment to use the aforementioned reduction sensitization in combination with an oxidizing agent for silver. A method of applying reduction sensitization after using an oxidizing agent, a reverse method thereof, or a method of simultaneously coexisting both can be used. These methods may be used in the particle forming step or after the particle forming step.
[0066]
The emulsion of the present invention may be either a surface latent image type that mainly forms a latent image on the surface, an internal latent image type that is formed inside the grain, or a type that has a latent image on the surface or inside, but is a negative type. It is necessary to be an emulsion. Among the internal latent image types, a core / shell internal latent image type emulsion described in JP-A-63-264740 may be used. A method for preparing this core / shell type internal latent image type emulsion is described in JP-A-59-133542. The thickness of the shell of this emulsion varies depending on the development processing or the like, but is preferably 3 to 40 nm, particularly preferably 5 to 20 nm.
[0067]
The developer may be a surface developer that selectively develops only the surface latent image, or a developer containing a silver halide solvent that undergoes dissolution physical development and develops the internal latent image, but the latter developer is more preferable. The effect of the emulsion grains of the present invention is manifested.
[0068]
The photographic emulsion of the present invention may contain various compounds for the purpose of preventing fogging during the production process, storage or photographic processing of the light-sensitive material, or stabilizing the photographic performance. Thiazoles such as benzothiazolium salts, nitroimidazoles, nitrobenzimidazoles, chlorobenzimidazoles, bromobenzimidazoles, mercaptothiazoles, mercaptobenzothiazoles, mercaptobenzimidazoles, mercaptothiadiazoles, aminotriazoles Benzotriazoles, nitrobenzotriazoles, mercaptotetrazoles (especially 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole) and the like; mercaptopyrimidines; mercaptotriazines; Zaindenes, tetraazaindenes (especially 4-hydroxy substituted (1,3,3a, 7) tetraazaindenes), pentaazaindene Known as antifoggants or stabilizers, such as classes, it can be added to many compounds. For example, those described in US Pat. Nos. 3,954,474, 3,982,947, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-28660 can be used. One of the preferred compounds is the compound described in Japanese Patent Application No. 62-47225. Antifoggants and stabilizers are used at various times before particle formation, during particle formation, after particle formation, water washing process, dispersion after water washing, chemical sensitization, during chemical sensitization, after chemical sensitization, and before coating. It can be added depending on the purpose. In addition to the original antifogging and stabilizing effect added during emulsion preparation, control the crystal wall of grains, reduce grain size, reduce grain solubility, control chemical sensitization, It can be used for various purposes such as controlling the arrangement of dyes.
The photographic emulsion of the present invention is preferably spectrally sensitized with methine dyes or the like in order to exhibit the effects of the present invention. The dyes used include cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes, complex cyanine dyes, complex merocyanine dyes, holopolar cyanine dyes, hemicyanine dyes, styryl dyes and hemioxonol dyes. Particularly useful dyes are those belonging to cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes, and complex merocyanine dyes. For these dyes, any of nuclei commonly used in cyanine dyes as basic heterocyclic ring nuclei can be applied. That is, a pyrroline nucleus, an oxazoline nucleus, a thiozoline nucleus, a pyrrole nucleus, an oxazole nucleus, a thiazole nucleus, a selenazole nucleus, an imidazole nucleus, a tetrazole nucleus, a pyridine nucleus, etc .; a nucleus in which an alicyclic hydrocarbon ring is fused to these nuclei; and these Nuclei in which aromatic hydrocarbon rings are fused to nuclei, i.e., indolenine nucleus, benzindolenin nucleus, indole nucleus, benzoxador nucleus, naphthoxazole nucleus, benzothiazole nucleus, naphthothiazole nucleus, benzoselenazole nucleus, benz An imidazole nucleus, a quinoline nucleus, etc. are applicable. These nuclei may be substituted on carbon atoms.
[0069]
In the merocyanine dye or the complex merocyanine dye, as a nucleus having a ketomethylene structure, a pyrazoline-5-one nucleus, a thiohydantoin nucleus, a 2-thiooxazolidine-2,4-dione nucleus, a thiazolidine-2,4-dione nucleus, a rhodanine nucleus, A 5- to 6-membered heterocycle nucleus such as a thiobarbituric acid nucleus can be applied.
[0070]
These sensitizing dyes may be used alone or in combination. The combination of sensitizing dyes is often used for the purpose of supersensitization. Typical examples thereof are US Pat. Nos. 2,688,545, 2,977,229, 3,397,060, 3,522,052, 3,527,641, and 3,617. No. 3,293, No. 3,628,964, No. 3,666,480, No. 3,672,898, No. 3,679,428, No. 3,703,377, No. 3,769,301 No. 3,814,609, No. 3,837,862, No. 4,026,707, British Patent Nos. 1,344,281, No. 1,507,803, No. 43-4936 53-12,375, JP-A 52-110,618, and 52-109,925.
[0071]
Along with the sensitizing dye, the emulsion itself may contain a dye having no spectral sensitizing action or a substance that does not substantially absorb visible light and exhibits supersensitization.
[0072]
The timing when the sensitizing dye is added to the emulsion may be at any stage of emulsion preparation that has been known to be useful so far. Most commonly, it is carried out after completion of chemical sensitization and before application, but as described in US Pat. Nos. 3,628,969 and 4,225,666, chemical sensitizers are used. Spectral sensitization can be performed simultaneously with chemical sensitization, or prior to chemical sensitization as described in JP-A-58-113,928, and silver halide. Spectral sensitization can be started by adding before the completion of particle precipitation. Further, as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,225,666, these compounds are added separately, i.e. some of these compounds are added prior to chemical sensitization and the remainder is chemically enhanced. It can be added after the sensitization, and may be any time during the formation of silver halide grains, including the method disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,183,756. The amount added is 4 x 10 per mole of silver halide.-6~ 8x10-3Can be used in moles, but 5 × 10-Five~ 5x10-3Mole is more effective.
[0073]
For the various techniques and inorganic and organic materials that can be used in the silver halide photographic emulsion of the present invention and the silver halide photographic light-sensitive material using the same, generally, research disk No. 1 is used. 308119 (1989), no. 37038 (1995) can be used.
[0074]
In addition to this, more specifically, for example, technologies and inorganic / organic materials that can be used in color photographic light-sensitive materials to which the silver halide photographic emulsion of the present invention can be applied are described in European Patent No. 436,938A2. It is described in the following places and in the patents cited below.
[0075]
In the light-sensitive material of the present invention, the emulsion of the present invention can be preferably added to a red-sensitive emulsion layer, a green-sensitive emulsion layer and a blue-sensitive emulsion layer.
[0076]
[0077]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0078]
Example 1
Preparation of emulsion Em-a
While thoroughly stirring an aqueous solution prepared by dissolving 6 g of potassium bromide and 0.8 g of low molecular weight gelatin having an average molecular weight of 1 to 20,000 in 1.5 L of distilled water, 64 g of KBr and 5.0 g of low molecular weight gelatin were added to 500 cc. An aqueous solution containing 90 g of silver nitrate and 4 g of ammonium nitrate in 500 cc was added at 35 ° C. for 30 seconds by the double jet method. The pAg at this time was kept at 9.0. (The addition (1) consumed 5.7% of the total silver amount) After adjusting the pAg to 9.5 with an aqueous KBr solution, the liquid temperature was raised to 50 ° C. After this, 35 g of gelatin treated with phthalic acid was added, and an aqueous solution containing 215.7 g KBr and 11.6 g KI in 1 L, and an aqueous solution containing 316 g of silver nitrate and 0.6 g of ammonium nitrate in 1 L were double jetted. The method was added for 28 minutes. The pAg at this time was kept at 8.4. (This addition (2) consumed 94.3% of the total silver.) Subsequently, the emulsion was washed with water at 35 ° C. by a known flocculation method, gelatin was added, and pH = 6 at 40 ° C. 3. A tabular AgBrI emulsion having an average grain diameter of 0.23 μm, an average projected area diameter of 0.31 μm and an average aspect ratio of 4.4 adjusted to pAg = 8.3 and converted to a sphere of the same volume (I = 3.5 mol%, coefficient of variation (sphere equivalent diameter (hereinafter the same) 19%) was obtained. After the dye Sa was adsorbed to this emulsion at 56 ° C., gold-sulfur sensitization was optimally performed with hypo and chloroauric acid to obtain Em-a.
[0079]
Preparation of emulsion Em-b
Emulsion Em-a before the dye is adsorbed is subdivided, dye Sa is added at 40 ° C. and left to stand for 20 minutes with stirring, and then KBr in 100 cc each for the plate-like portion. Is added with an aqueous solution containing 33.0 g of KI and an aqueous solution containing 1.5 g of KI in 100 cc, and then quickly AgNO in 100 cc.ThreeFormation of silver bromoiodide protrusions containing 15 mol% of the silver in the plate-like portion by addition of an aqueous solution containing 23.6 g of silver, the silver halide ratio of which is 3.5 mol% AgI and 96.5 mol% AgBr The gold-sulfur sensitization was optimally performed to obtain Em-b.
[0080]
Preparation of emulsion Em-c
Emulsion Em-a before adsorbing the dye is subdivided, and dye Sa is added at 40 ° C. and allowed to stand for 20 minutes with stirring, and then NaCl is added to the plate-like portion in 100 cc each. An aqueous solution containing 16.2 g, an aqueous solution containing 33.0 g of KBr in 100 cc, and an aqueous solution containing 1.5 g in 100 cc, and then quickly adding AgNO into 100 ccThreeOf silver chlorobromoiodide containing 15 mol% of the silver content of the plate-like part and the silver halide ratio of which is 5 mol% AgI, 90 mol% AgBr and 5 mol% AgCl Part was formed and gold-sulfur sensitization was optimally performed to obtain Em-c.
[0081]
Preparation of emulsion Em-d
After the preparation of the emulsion Em-a (before the dye was added), 20 minutes after the addition of the dye Sa at 40 ° C. as in the case of the Em-c, a sodium chloride solution having the same concentration as the Em-c Then, the potassium bromide solution and the potassium iodide solution were added so that the molar ratio of the final protrusion was 10%, 85%, and 5%, respectively, and then the silver nitrate solution having the same concentration as Em-c was quickly added. The volume of the protrusions was 15% of the volume of the flat plate portion. Gold-sulfur sensitization was optimally performed with hypo and chloroauric acid to obtain Em-d.
[0082]
Preparation of emulsion Em-e
After the preparation of the emulsion Em-a (before the dye was added), 20 minutes after the addition of the dye Sa at 40 ° C. as in the case of the Em-c, a sodium chloride solution having the same concentration as the Em-c Then, after adding potassium bromide solution and potassium iodide solution so that the molar ratio of the final protrusion is 50%, 45%, and 5%, respectively, the silver nitrate solution having the same concentration as Em-c is quickly added, The volume of the protrusions was 15% of the volume of the flat plate portion. Gold-sulfur sensitization was optimally performed with hypo and chloroauric acid to obtain Em-e.
[0083]
Preparation of emulsion Em-f
After the preparation of the emulsion Em-a (before the dye was added), 20 minutes after the addition of the dye Sa at 40 ° C. as in the case of the Em-c, a sodium chloride solution having the same concentration as the Em-c Potassium bromide solution and potassium iodide solution were added so that the molar ratio of the final protrusions was 70% and 30%, respectively, in the formulation. At this time, the volume of the protruding portion was set to 0.3% of the volume of the flat plate portion. Gold-sulfur sensitization was optimally performed with hypo and chloroauric acid to obtain Em-f.
[0084]
Preparation of emulsion Em-g, h, i, j
Similar to the emulsion Em-f, the protrusions made of AgClBr were formed so as to be 0.5%, 15%, 50% and 70% of the volume of Em-a (no dye), respectively. Gold-sulfur sensitization was optimally performed with an acid to obtain Em-g, h, i, and j.
Preparation of emulsion Em-k
The solution addition step (2) in the preparation process of the emulsion Em-a is divided into the solution addition step (2) and the solution addition step (3) as follows to prepare grains (tabular portions).
[0085]
An aqueous solution containing 225 g of KBr in 1 L and an aqueous solution containing 316 g of silver nitrate and 0.6 g of ammonium nitrate in 1 L were added by a double jet method for 20.5 minutes. The pAg at this time was kept at 8.5. (This addition (2) consumed 52.3% of the total silver.) Next, an aqueous solution containing 205.0 g of KBr and 26.6 g of KI in 1 liter, 316 g of silver nitrate and 1 ml of ammonium nitrate in 1 liter. An aqueous solution containing 6 g was added by a double jet method for 7.8 minutes. The pAg at this time was kept at 8.5. (This addition (3) consumed 42% of the total silver.) Subsequently, the emulsion was washed with water at 35 ° C. by a known flocculation method, gelatin was added, and pH = 6.3 at 40 ° C. PAg = 8.3, a tabular AgBrI emulsion having an average grain diameter converted to a sphere of the same volume of 0.24 μm, an average projected area diameter of 0.31 μm and an average aspect ratio of 4.4 (average I = 3.5 mol%, coefficient of variation 19%).
[0086]
The protrusions were prepared in the same manner as Em-h so that AgCl and AgBr were 70% and 30%, respectively, and the protrusions were 15% of the volume of the flat plate of Em-a.
[0087]
Preparation of emulsion Em-1
Grain preparation (tabular portion) is carried out by changing the solution addition step (2) and the solution addition step (3) in the preparation process of the emulsion Em-a as follows.
[0088]
An aqueous solution containing 225 g of KBr in 1 L and an aqueous solution containing 316 g of silver nitrate and 0.6 g of ammonium nitrate in 1 L were added by a double jet method for 21 minutes. The pAg at this time was kept at 8.5. (This addition (2) consumed 54.3% of the total silver.) Next, an aqueous solution containing 153.5 g of KBr and 63.4 g of KI in 1 L, 316 g of silver nitrate in 1 L and ammonium nitrate of 0 An aqueous solution containing 6 g was added for 7 minutes by the double jet method. The pAg at this time was kept at 8.5. (This addition (3) consumed 40% of the total silver.) Subsequently, the emulsion was washed with water at 35 ° C. by a known flocculation method, gelatin was added, and pH = 6.3 at 40 ° C. PAg = 8.3, a tabular AgBrI emulsion having an average grain diameter converted to a sphere of the same volume of 0.23 μm, an average projected area diameter of 0.31 μm and an average aspect ratio of 4.4 (average I = 10 mol%, coefficient of variation 20%).
[0089]
Preparation of emulsion Em-m
After the preparation of the emulsion Em-a, 20 minutes after addition of the dye Sa at 40 ° C. as in the preparation of Em-c, a sodium chloride solution, a potassium bromide solution and an iodide having the same concentration as Em-c After adding the potassium solution to the formulation to 45 mol%, 45 mol%, and 10 mol%, respectively, 0.1% potassium hexacyanoruthenate (II) solution was added at 2 x 10 per mol of silver of the finished particles.-FourThen, a silver nitrate solution having the same concentration as that of Em-c was quickly added. At this time, the volume of the protruding portion was 20% of the volume of the flat plate-like portion. Gold-sulfur sensitization was optimally performed with hypo and chloroauric acid to obtain Em-m.
[0090]
Preparation of emulsion Em-n
The thiourea dioxide was completed as a reduction sensitizer after the solution addition step of the step (1) for preparing the plate-like portion of Em-m, except for potassium 6-cyanoruthenate (II) used in the process of preparing the emulsion Em-m. 3 x 10 per mole of silver silver-FiveEm-n was obtained in the same manner as Em-m except that mole addition was performed.
[0091]
Preparation of emulsion Em-o
Except for potassium 6-cyanoruthenate (II) used in the preparation process of the emulsion Em-m, N, N-dimethylselenourea was added as a selenium sensitizer in addition to potassium thiocyanate and hypo after the preparation. Em-o was obtained by optimally performing gold sulfur selenium tellurium sensitization using bis (diphenylcarbamoyl) ditelluride as the tellurium sensitizer and chloroauric acid as the gold sensitizer.
[0092]
Preparation of emulsion Em-p
For the emulsion Em-m, thiourea dioxide was used as a reduction sensitizer after the solution addition step in the preparation step (1), and 3 × 10 3 per mol of silver of the finished grains.-FiveMole was added, and gold-sulfur selenium tellurium sensitization was optimally applied in the same manner as Em-o to obtain Em-p.
Preparation of emulsion Em-q, r
Emulsion Em-a is a tabular AgBrI emulsion having the same halogen composition, an average grain diameter converted to a sphere of the same volume of 0.31 μm, an average projected area diameter of 0.44 μm, and an average aspect ratio of 4.4. Similarly, a tabular AgBrI emulsion having an average grain diameter of 0.43 μm, an average projected area diameter of 0.61 m, and an average aspect ratio of 4.4 converted to a sphere having the same volume was prepared. Then, after adsorbing the dye Sa for 20 minutes at 40 ° C., respectively, a sodium chloride solution, a potassium bromide solution and a potassium iodide solution having the same concentration as Em-c are formulated before the gold sulfur selenium tellurium sensitization. Add 0.1% potassium hexacyanoruthenate (II) solution to 2 mol x 10 mol per silver mole of the finished grains, and add 45 mol%, 45 mol% and 10 mol% respectively.-FourMol was added, and then a silver nitrate solution having the same concentration as Em-c was rapidly added to form protrusions. The volume of the protrusion was 20% of the volume of the flat plate portion. In addition to potassium thiocyanate and hypo as chemical sensitizers, N, N-dimethylselenourea as selenium sensitizer, bis (diphenylcarbamoyl) ditelluride as tellurium sensitizer, and chloroauric acid as gold sensitizer Gold-sulfur selenium tellurium sensitization was optimally performed to obtain Em-q and Em-r.
[0093]
Preparation of emulsion Em-s, t
In emulsion Em-q, r, after preparation of tabular AgBrI emulsion grains, dye S-b was adsorbed at 40 ° C. for 20 minutes, and gold-sulfur selenium tellurium sensitization was optimized as in Em-q and Em-r. To obtain Em-s and Em-t, respectively.
[0094]
Emulsion Em-a to Em-t: Halogen composition of flat plate portion, projected area diameter (μm) of flat plate portion, aspect ratio of flat plate portion, halogen composition of protruding portion, volume of protruding portion (%), flat plate shape Average iodine amount (mol%) in the region of 40% from the particle surface, use of 6 cyano complex, presence of reduction sensitization region, use of selenium and tellurium sensitization, average particle converted to sphere of the same volume Table 1 shows the diameter (μm) and the ratio of the plate-shaped portion of AgBrI having an aspect ratio of 2 to 30 and the projected area diameter of 0.08 μm to 0.5 μm.
[0095]
[Table 1]
[0096]
[Table 2]
The following compounds were added to the emulsions Em-a to Em-t, respectively, and coated on a triacetylcellulose film support having an undercoat layer by a simultaneous extrusion method together with a protective layer to obtain samples 101 to 120, respectively.
(1) Emulsion layer
・ Emulsion Emuls Em-a to t (corresponding to samples 101 to 120, respectively)
・ Stabilizer 4-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a, 7-tetrazaindene
(2) Protective layer
·gelatin
These samples were given appropriate sensitometric exposure (1 second) with light passing through the Fuji filter SC50, and were subjected to black and white development processing at 20 ° C. for 10 minutes with the following composition D-19 developer. Stop, fix, wash with water, dry and measure density.
[0097]
The composition of the treatment liquid is shown below.
[0098]
Metol 2.2g
Na2SOThree・ 7H2O 96 g
Hydroquinone 8.8g
Na2COThree 56 g
KBr 5.0g
Add water and add 1.0 liter.
[0099]
Table 2 below shows the results of the fog and sensitivity used and the optimum amount of dye used in each emulsion. Sensitivity is defined as the reciprocal of the exposure that gives half the density of fog and maximum density. For samples 102 to 116, the sensitivity difference from the value of sample 101 is corrected, and the difference in particle size is corrected for logE relative Indicated by value. Sample 117 shows the difference in sensitivity in terms of logE relative to the sample 119, and sample 118 shows the difference in sensitivity when corrected with the size based on sample 120.
[0100]
As for the amount of dye, samples 102 to 116 (emulsions Em-b to p) were used when sample 101 (the amount of emulsion Em-a) was 100, and samples 117 (emulsion Em-q) were sample 119 (Em Sample 118 (emulsion Em-r) when -s) was 100 showed the value when sample 120 (emulsion Em-t) was 100.
[0101]
The granularity is a relative value obtained by measuring the RMS granularity at half the sum of the fog and the maximum density and setting the value of the sample 101 as 100, and with respect to the sample 101 to the sample 116, the value of the sample 119 as 100. The sample 117 is represented by a relative value with the value of the sample 120 being 100. The granularity indicates that the smaller the RMS granularity, the better.
[0102]
[Table 3]
In contrast to silver halide grains that do not have protrusions, the grain composition of the tabular part and the protrusion part could not be sensitized with the same halogen composition as that of the tabular part. It has been found that those containing AgCl in the protrusion can increase the amount of dye optimum for the sensitivity, and the protrusion volume is efficient up to 50% of the volume of the plate-like portion, improving the color sensitization rate. . It was clear that the high-sensitivity layer was deposited while depositing a high-iodine layer in a range in the periphery of the grain plate-like part, while suppressing graininess well. The ruthenium hexacyanoate doping, the presence of the reduction sensitization region, and the selenium and tellurium sensitization have an excellent sensitizing effect in improving the sensitivity / granularity ratio in such a particle form. It was an effective means for improving the sensitivity / granularity ratio for the particles containing the layer. Surprisingly, this sensitization was particularly effective when the projected area diameter of the particles was 0.5 μm or less.
[0103]
It was also found that the same effect can be obtained by using the following dye Sb instead of the dye Sa used in the emulsion.
[0104]
(Example 2)
Preparation of Em-1
While stirring an aqueous solution of 6 g of potassium bromide and 0.8 g of low molecular weight gelatin having an average molecular weight of 1 to 20,000 in 1.5 L of distilled water, 70.8 g of KBr and low molecular weight gelatin of 11. An aqueous solution containing 0 g and an aqueous solution containing 100 g of silver nitrate and 4.62 g of ammonium nitrate in 500 cc were added at 35 ° C. by the double jet method for 40 seconds. The pAg at this time was kept at 9.0. (The addition (1) consumed 5.7% of the total silver amount) After adjusting the pAg to 9.5 with an aqueous KBr solution, the liquid temperature was raised to 50 ° C. After this, 35 g of gelatin treated with phthalic acid was added, and an aqueous solution containing 214.4 g of KBr and 13.2 g of KI in 1 L, and an aqueous solution containing 320 g of silver nitrate and 0.57 g of ammonium nitrate in 1 L were double jetted. Added for 30 minutes by the method. The pAg at this time was kept at 8.5. (This addition (2) consumed 94.3% of the total silver.) Subsequently, the emulsion was washed with water at 35 ° C. by a known flocculation method, gelatin was added, and pH = 6 at 40 ° C. 3. A tabular AgBrI emulsion having an average grain diameter of 0.25 μm, an average projected area diameter of 0.32 μm and an average aspect ratio of 3.1, adjusted to pAg = 8.3 and converted to a sphere of the same volume (I = 4.0 mol%, coefficient of variation 19%). The following sensitizing dyes S-4 and S-6 were adsorbed thereto at 45 ° C., and then heated to 56 ° C. to increase potassium thiocyanate, chloroauric acid, hypo and selenium sensitizer diphenyl (pentafluorophenyl). ) Gold sulfur selenium sensitization was optimally performed with phosphine selenide to obtain an emulsion Em-1.
[0105]
Preparation of Em-2
While stirring an aqueous solution of 6 g of potassium bromide and 0.8 g of low molecular weight gelatin having an average molecular weight of 1 to 20,000 in 1.5 L of distilled water, 70.8 g of KBr and low molecular weight gelatin of 11. An aqueous solution containing 0 g and an aqueous solution containing 100 g of silver nitrate and 4.62 g of ammonium nitrate in 500 cc were added at 35 ° C. by the double jet method for 40 seconds. The pAg at this time was kept at 9.0. (The addition (1) consumed 5.7% of the total silver amount) After adjusting the pAg to 9.5 with an aqueous KBr solution, the liquid temperature was raised to 50 ° C. Thereafter, 35 g of gelatin treated with phthalic acid was added, and an aqueous solution containing 225 g of KBr in 1 L and an aqueous solution containing 316 g of silver nitrate and 0.6 g of ammonium nitrate in 1 L were added for 22 minutes by the double jet method. The pAg at this time was kept at 8.5. (This addition (2) consumed 59.3% of the total amount of silver.) Next, an aqueous solution containing 198.4 g of KBr and 35.7 g of KI in 1 L, 320 g of silver nitrate and 1 mL of ammonium nitrate in 1 L. An aqueous solution containing 57 g was added by a double jet method for 8 minutes. The pAg at this time was kept at 8.7. (This addition (3) consumed 35% of the total silver.) Subsequently, the emulsion was washed with water by a known flocculation method at 35 ° C., gelatin was added, and pH = 6.3 at 40 ° C. PAg = 8.3, a tabular AgBrI emulsion having an average grain diameter converted to a sphere of the same volume of 0.25 μm, an average projected area diameter of 0.38 μm and an average aspect ratio of 5.1 (average I = 4.0 mol%, coefficient of variation 18%). Optimum amounts of sensitizing dyes S-4 and S-6 were adsorbed at 45 ° C., and then gold-sulfur selenium sensitization was optimally performed at 56 ° C. to obtain an emulsion Em-2.
[0106]
Preparation of Em-3
While stirring an aqueous solution of 6 g of potassium bromide and 0.8 g of low molecular weight gelatin having an average molecular weight of 1 to 20,000 in 1.5 L of distilled water, 70.8 g of KBr and low molecular weight gelatin of 11. An aqueous solution containing 0 g and an aqueous solution containing 100 g of silver nitrate and 4.62 g of ammonium nitrate in 500 cc were added at 35 ° C. by the double jet method for 40 seconds. The pAg at this time was kept at 9.0. (The addition (1) consumed 5.7% of the total silver amount) After adjusting the pAg to 9.5 with an aqueous KBr solution, the liquid temperature was raised to 50 ° C. Thereafter, 35 g of gelatin treated with phthalic acid was added, and an aqueous solution containing 225 g of KBr in 1 L and an aqueous solution containing 316 g of silver nitrate and 0.6 g of ammonium nitrate in 1 L were added for 16 minutes by the double jet method. The pAg at this time was kept at 8.7. (This addition (2) consumed 74.3% of the total silver.) Next, an aqueous solution containing 179.1 g of KBr and 62.5 g of KI in 1 liter, 320 g of silver nitrate and 0 ml of ammonium nitrate in 1 liter. An aqueous solution containing 57 g was added by the double jet method for 4 minutes. The pAg at this time was kept at 8.7. (This addition (3) consumed 20% of the total silver.) Subsequently, the emulsion was washed with water at 35 ° C. by a known flocculation method, gelatin was added, and pH = 6.3 at 40 ° C. PAg = 8.3, a tabular AgBrI emulsion having an average grain diameter converted to a sphere of the same volume of 0.25 μm, an average projected area diameter of 0.42 μm and an average aspect ratio of 7.2 (average I = 4.0 mol%, coefficient of variation 19%). After the optimum amounts of sensitizing dyes S-4 and S-6 were adsorbed at 45 ° C., gold sulfur-selenium sensitization was optimally performed at 56 ° C. to obtain Emulsion Em-3.
[0107]
Preparation of Em-4
While stirring an aqueous solution of 6 g of potassium bromide and 0.8 g of low molecular weight gelatin having an average molecular weight of 1 to 20,000 in 1.5 L of distilled water, 70.8 g of KBr and low molecular weight gelatin of 11. An aqueous solution containing 0 g and an aqueous solution containing 100 g of silver nitrate and 4.62 g of ammonium nitrate in 500 cc were added at 35 ° C. by the double jet method for 40 seconds. The pAg at this time was kept at 9.0. (The addition (1) consumed 5.7% of the total silver amount) After adjusting the pAg to 9.5 with an aqueous KBr solution, the liquid temperature was raised to 50 ° C. Thereafter, 35 g of gelatin treated with phthalic acid was added, and an aqueous solution containing 225 g of KBr in 1 L and an aqueous solution containing 316 g of silver nitrate and 0.6 g of ammonium nitrate in 1 L were added for 22 minutes by the double jet method. The pAg at this time was kept at 8.6. (This addition (2) consumed 74.3% of the total silver.) Next, an aqueous solution containing 30.0 g of KI in 100 cc and an aqueous solution containing 320 g of silver nitrate and 0.57 g of ammonium nitrate in 1 liter were doubled. Added for 4 minutes by jet method. (In this addition (3), 5.0% of the total silver amount was added.) Again, an aqueous solution containing 225 g of KBr in 1 L and an aqueous solution containing 316 g of silver nitrate and 0.6 g of ammonium nitrate in 1 L were obtained by the double jet method. Added for 4 minutes. The pAg at this time was kept at 8.7. (This addition (4) consumed 15% of the total silver.) Subsequently, the emulsion was washed with water by a known flocculation method at 35 ° C., gelatin was added, and pH = 6.3 at 40 ° C. PAg = 8.3, a tabular AgBrI emulsion having an average grain diameter of 0.25 μm converted to a sphere of the same volume, an average projected area diameter of 0.40 μm and an average aspect ratio of 6.1 (average I = 4.0 mol%, coefficient of variation 19%). After the optimum amounts of sensitizing dyes S-4 and S-6 were adsorbed at 45 ° C., gold-sulfur selenium sensitization was optimally performed at 56 ° C. to obtain Emulsion Em-4.
[0108]
Preparation of Em-5
After dissolving Em-1 prepared (before dye adsorption and chemical sensitization) at 40 ° C. and adsorbing optimal amounts of sensitizing dyes S-4 and S-6, an aqueous solution containing 16.2 g of NaCl in 100 cc AgNO in 100ccThreeBy simultaneous addition of 23.6 g of an aqueous solution, 10 mol% of silver chloride protrusions were formed with respect to the amount of host silver, and gold-sulfur selenium sensitization was optimally performed to obtain Em-5.
[0109]
Preparation of Em-6
After dissolving the prepared Em-2 (before dye adsorption and chemical sensitization) at 40 ° C. to adsorb the optimum amounts of the sensitizing dyes S-4 and S-6, an aqueous solution containing 16.2 g of NaCl in 100 cc AgNO in 100ccThreeBy simultaneous addition of an aqueous solution containing 23.6 g of silver chloride, 10 mol% of silver chloride protrusions were formed relative to the amount of host silver, and gold-sulfur selenium sensitization was optimally performed to obtain Em-6.
[0110]
Preparation of Em-7
After dissolving Em-3 prepared (before dye adsorption and chemical sensitization) at 40 ° C. to adsorb the optimum amount of sensitizing dyes S-4 and S-6, an aqueous solution containing 16. g of NaCl in 100 cc AgNO in 100ccThreeBy simultaneously adding an aqueous solution containing 23.6 g, a silver chloride protrusion was formed at 10 mol% with respect to the amount of host silver, and gold-7 sulfur selenium sensitization was optimally performed to obtain Em-7.
[0111]
Preparation of Em-8
After dissolving prepared (before dye adsorption and chemical sensitization) Em-4 at 40 ° C. and adsorbing optimal amounts of sensitizing dyes S-4 and S-6, an aqueous solution containing 16.2 g of NaCl in 100 cc AgNO in 100ccThreeBy simultaneous addition of an aqueous solution containing 23.6 g of silver chloride, 10 mol% of silver chloride protrusions were formed relative to the amount of host silver, and gold-sulfur selenium sensitization was optimally performed to obtain Em-8.
[0112]
Preparation of Em-9
The prepared Em-3 (before dye adsorption and chemical sensitization) was dissolved at 40 ° C. to adsorb the optimum amounts of sensitizing dyes S-4 and S-6, and then NaCl was added to 100 cc of each of the plate portions. In aqueous solution containing 16.2 g of KBr, an aqueous solution containing 33.0 g of KBr in 100 cc, and an aqueous solution containing 15.3 g of KI in 100 cc, and then promptly added AgNO in 100 cc.ThreeBy adding an aqueous solution containing 23.6 g, a silver chlorobromoiodide protrusion was formed at a concentration of 15 mol% with respect to the amount of silver in the tabular portion. Among them, the silver halide contained 3 mol% of AgI, 5 mol% of AgBr, and 7 mol% of AgCl. Thereafter, gold sulfur selenium sensitization was optimally performed to obtain Em-9.
[0113]
Preparation of Em-10
The prepared Em-3 (before dye adsorption and chemical sensitization) was dissolved at 40 ° C. to adsorb the optimum amounts of the sensitizing dyes S-4 and S-6, and then 5.4 g of NaCl and KBr were added in 100 cc. 22.0 g of aqueous solution and 100 cc of AgNOThreeBy the simultaneous addition of 23.6 g of an aqueous solution, 15 mol% of silver chlorobromide protrusions were formed with respect to the amount of silver in the plate-like portion, similarly to Em-9. Among them, the silver halide contained 5 mol% of AgBr and 10 mol% of AgCl. Gold-10 sulfur selenium sensitization was optimally performed to obtain Em-10.
[0114]
Preparation of Em-11
Em-4 prepared (before dye adsorption and chemical sensitization) is dissolved at 40 ° C and 15 mol% silver chlorobromide protrusions are formed in the same manner as Em-10 for optimal gold sulfur selenium sensitization. Application Em-11 was obtained.
[0115]
Preparation of Em-12
In the grain formation of Emulsion Em-1, 0.1% of a yellow blood salt aqueous solution was added in an area of 80% to 95% of the grain volume, and 5 × 10 5 per mol of finished grains.-FourAfter the addition of mol, the formation process of protrusions was the same as in Em-5, and gold-sulfur selenium sensitization was optimally performed to prepare an emulsion Em-12. Here, the region from x% to y% of the particle volume is x% when the volume at the center of the flat plate portion is 0% and the volume of the region from the center to the surface extending radially is 100%. A region sandwiched between a position and a position of y%.
[0116]
Preparation of Em-13
In the grain formation of Emulsion Em-3, 0.1% of a yellow blood salt aqueous solution was added in an area of 80% to 95% of the grain volume, and 5 × 10 5 per mol of finished grains.-FourAfter the addition of mol, the formation of protrusions was the same as in Em-7, and gold-sulfur selenium sensitization was optimally performed to prepare an emulsion Em-13.
[0117]
Preparation of Em-14
In the grain formation of Emulsion Em-4, 0.1% of a yellow blood salt aqueous solution was added in an area of 80% to 95% of the grain volume, and 5 × 10 5 per mol of finished grains.-FourAfter the addition of mol, the formation process of protrusions was the same as in Em-8, and gold-sulfur selenium sensitization was optimally performed to prepare an emulsion Em-14.
[0118]
Preparation of Em-15
In the grain formation of Emulsion Em-3, 0.1% of a yellow blood salt aqueous solution was added in an area of 80% to 95% of the grain volume, and 5 × 10 5 per mol of finished grains.-FourAfter adding mol and adsorbing 1.5 times the optimum amount of dye (S-4 and S-6), gold sulfur-selenium sensitization was optimally performed to prepare Emulsion Em-15.
[0119]
Em-16
In the grain formation of emulsion Em-7, 0.1% of a yellow blood salt aqueous solution was added in an area of 80% to 95% of the grain volume to 5 × 10 5 per mol of finished grains.-FourAfter the addition of mol and the optimum amount of dye (S-4 and S-6) is adsorbed, the subsequent protrusion formation process is the same as Em-7, and after that, half the amount of dye already added is added. After the addition, gold-sulfur selenium sensitization was optimally performed to prepare Emulsion Em-16.
[0120]
The average iodine amount (mol%) of the emulsion Em-1 to Em-16 with respect to the whole grains in the tabular portion, the average iodine amount (mol%) in the region of 40% of the volume from the surface of the tabular portion, tabular Average diameter (μm) when the part is converted into a sphere of the same volume, average projected area diameter of the plate-like part (μm), average aspect ratio of the plate-like part, average grain thickness of the plate-like part (μm), dislocation line Presence or absence of yellow blood salt, amount of dye used when emulsion grain Em-1 is 100, presence or absence of protrusions and tabular portion of AgBrI having an aspect ratio of 2 to 30 and a projected area diameter of 0.08 μm The ratio of 0.5 μm or less is shown in Table 3.
[0121]
[Table 4]
[0122]
[Table 5]
Preparation of coated sample 201
A multilayer color light-sensitive material composed of each layer having the following composition was produced on a cellulose triacetate film support having a thickness of 127 μm which was undercoated, and was designated as Sample 201. The numbers represent the amount added per square meter. The effect of the added compound is not limited to the described use.
[0123]
First layer: Antihalation layer
Black colloidal silver 0.10g
Gelatin 1.90g
UV absorber U-1 0.10g
UV absorber U-3 0.040 g
UV absorber U-4 0.10g
High boiling point organic solvent Oil-1 0.10g
0.10 g of a microcrystalline solid dispersion of dye E-1.
[0124]
Second layer: Intermediate layer
Gelatin 0.40g
Compound Cpd-C 5.0 mg
Compound Cpd-I 5.0 mg
Compound Cpd-J 3.0 mg
High boiling point organic solvent Oil-3 0.10g
Dye D-4 0.80 mg.
[0125]
[0126]
Fourth layer: low sensitivity red sensitive emulsion layer
Emulsion A Silver amount 0.30g
Emulsion B Silver amount 0.20g
Gelatin 0.80g
Coupler C-1 0.15g
Coupler C-2 0.050 g
Compound Cpd-C 5.0 mg
Compound Cpd-J 5.0mg
High boiling point organic solvent Oil-2 0.10g
0.10 g of additive P-1.
[0127]
Layer 5: Medium sensitivity red-sensitive emulsion layer
Emulsion C Silver amount 0.50g
Gelatin 0.80g
Coupler C-1 0.20g
Coupler C-2 0.050 g
High boiling point organic solvent Oil-2 0.10g
0.10 g of additive P-1.
[0128]
Layer 6: High sensitivity red sensitive emulsion layer
Emulsion D Silver amount 0.40g
Gelatin 1.10g
Coupler C-1 0.30g
Coupler C-2 0.10g
Coupler C-5 0.02g
0.10 g of additive P-1.
[0129]
Layer 7: Intermediate layer
Gelatin 0.60g
Additive M-1 0.30g
Color mixing inhibitor Cpd-I 2.6 mg
Dye D-5 0.020 g
Compound Cpd-J 5.0 mg
High-boiling organic solvent Oil-2 0.020 g.
[0130]
8th layer: Middle layer
Gelatin 1.00g
Additive P-1 0.20g
Color mixing inhibitor Cpd-A 0.10 g
Compound Cpd-C 0.10 g
Compound Cpd-L 3.0 mg.
[0131]
Ninth layer: Low-sensitivity green-sensitive emulsion layer
Emulsion E Silver amount 0.20g
Emulsion F Silver amount 0.30g
Gelatin 0.50g
Coupler C-3 0.10g
Coupler C-6 0.050 g
Coupler C-7 0.20g
Compound Cpd-B 0.030 g
Compound Cpd-D 0.020 g
Compound Cpd-E 0.020 g
Compound Cpd-F 0.040 g
Compound Cpd-I 10mg
Compound Cpd-K 0.020 g
High boiling point organic solvent Oil-1 0.10g
High-boiling organic solvent Oil-2 0.10 g.
[0132]
10th layer: Medium sensitivity green sensitive emulsion layer
Emulsion G Silver amount 0.40g
Gelatin 0.60g
Coupler C-3 0.100 g
Coupler C-6 0.200 g
Coupler C-7 0.100 g
Compound Cpd-B 0.030 g
Compound Cpd-D 0.020 g
Compound Cpd-E 0.020 g
Compound Cpd-F 0.050 g
Compound Cpd-K 0.050 g
High boiling point organic solvent Oil-2 0.010 g.
[0133]
Layer 11: High-sensitivity green-sensitive emulsion layer
Emulsion H Silver amount 0.50g
Gelatin 1.00g
Coupler C-3 0.30g
Coupler C-6 0.10g
Coupler C-7 0.10g
Compound Cpd-B 0.080 g
Compound Cpd-E 0.020 g
Compound Cpd-F 0.040 g
Compound Cpd-J 5.0 mg
Compound Cpd-K 0.020 g
High boiling point organic solvent Oil-1 0.020 g
High-boiling organic solvent Oil-2 0.020 g.
[0134]
12th layer: Intermediate layer
Gelatin 0.60g
Compound Cpd-K 0.050 g
High boiling point organic solvent Oil-1 0.050 g.
[0135]
13th layer: Yellow filter layer
Yellow colloidal silver Silver amount 0.070 g
Gelatin 1.10 g
Color mixing inhibitor Cpd-A 0.010 g
Compound Cpd-K 0.010 g
High boiling point organic solvent Oil-1 0.010 g
0.050 g of a microcrystalline solid dispersion of Dye E-2.
[0136]
14th layer: Low sensitivity blue-sensitive emulsion layer
Emulsion I Silver amount 0.20g
Emulsion J Silver amount 0.30g
Gelatin 0.80g
Coupler C-4 0.20g
Coupler C-5 0.10g
Coupler C-8 0.40g.
[0137]
15th layer: Medium sensitivity blue-sensitive emulsion layer
Emulsion K Silver amount 0.50g
Gelatin 0.90g
Coupler C-4 0.10g
Coupler C-5 0.10g
Coupler C-8 0.60 g.
[0138]
16th layer: High sensitivity blue-sensitive emulsion layer
Emulsion L Silver amount 0.40g
Gelatin 1.20g
Coupler C-4 0.10g
Coupler C-5 0.10g
Coupler C-8 0.60g
High-boiling organic solvent Oil-2 0.10 g.
[0139]
17th layer: 1st protective layer
Gelatin 0.70g
UV absorber U-1 0.20g
UV absorber U-2 0.050 g
UV absorber U-5 0.30g
Formalin scavenger
Cpd-G 0.40g
Dye D-1 0.15g
Dye D-2 0.050 g
Dye D-3 0.10 g.
[0140]
[0141]
In addition to the above composition, Additives F-1 to F-8 were added to all the emulsion layers. Further, gelatin hardener H-1 and coating and emulsifying surfactants W-3, W-4, W-5, and W-6 were added to each layer in addition to the above composition.
[0142]
Furthermore, phenol, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 2-phenoxyethanol, phenethyl alcohol, and p-benzoic acid butyl ester were added as antiseptic and antifungal agents.
[0143]
Preparation of dispersions of organic solid disperse dyes
Dye E-1 was dispersed by the following method. That is, water and 200 g of Pluronic F88 (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer) manufactured by BASF were added to 1430 g of a wet cake of a dye containing 30% of methanol and stirred to obtain a slurry having a dye concentration of 6%. Next, 1700 ml of zirconia beads having an average particle diameter of 0.5 mm are filled in Ultraviscomil (UVM-2) manufactured by Imex Co., Ltd., and are baked at a peripheral speed of 10 m / sec through the slurry, with a discharge rate of 0.5 l / min for 8 hours. Crushed. The beads were filtered off, diluted with water to 3% dye concentration, and then heated at 90 ° C. for 10 hours for stabilization. The average particle size of the obtained dye fine particles was 0.60 μm, and the breadth of particle size distribution (particle size standard deviation × 100 / average particle size) was 18%.
[0144]
In the same manner, a solid dispersion of Dye E-2 was obtained. The average particle size was 0.54 μm and 0.56 μm.
[0145]
[Chemical 1]
[0146]
[Chemical formula 2]
[0147]
[Chemical Formula 3]
[0148]
[Formula 4]
[0149]
[Chemical formula 5]
[0150]
[Chemical 6]
[0151]
[Chemical 7]
[0152]
[Chemical 8]
[0153]
[Chemical 9]
[0154]
Embedded image
[0155]
Embedded image
[0156]
Embedded image
[0157]
Embedded image
[0158]
Embedded image
[0159]
Embedded image
The silver iodobromide emulsion used in Sample 201 is as follows.
[0160]
[Table 6]
[0161]
[Table 7]
Samples 202 to 217 were obtained by replacing Em-1 to Em-16 having the same silver amount in place of the ninth layer of green-sensitive low-sensitivity emulsions E and F used for preparing Sample 201, respectively.
[0162]
Sample evaluation
(A) Evaluation of sensitivity and fog
The produced samples 201 to 217 were subjected to wedge exposure using a white light source of 2000 lux and a color temperature of 4800 K for 1/50 seconds, subjected to the following development processing, and then subjected to relative exposure giving a magenta density of 0.2 by a G filter. Sensitivity was measured as a relative value of the reciprocal quantity (E). The standard is shown as 100 in Table 6 as sample 201. The sensitivity at a magenta density of 0.2 is mainly caused by a green-sensitive low-sensitivity emulsion, and a decrease in the maximum magenta density can be estimated as the fog of a green-sensitive emulsion.
(B) RMS granularity
Next, the RMS granularity at a magenta concentration of 0.2 was measured and expressed as a relative value with the sample 201 as 100. The smaller the value, the better the granularity.
[0163]
The results obtained are shown in Table 6 below.
[0164]
[Table 8]
While the two emulsions E and F were replaced with one emulsion, the emulsion of the present invention exceeded the performance of Sample 201 in terms of graininess. In particular, the higher the aspect ratio of the flat plate portion and the smaller the particle thickness, the more the amount of dye can be increased due to the incidental protrusions, and the higher the iodine from the surface of the volume of the flat plate portion to 40%, the better the graininess. It has been found that the emulsion of the present invention is effective when doped with 6-cyano complex. Surprisingly, similar effects have been found to be effective regardless of the variation coefficient of the particle size. It was also unexpected that the use of the emulsion of the present invention when dislocations were introduced into the tabular portion was found to be particularly effective.
The composition of each treatment solution was as follows.
[0165]
The pH was adjusted with sulfuric acid or potassium hydroxide.
[0166]
The pH was adjusted with acetic acid or sodium hydroxide.
[0167]
The pH was adjusted with sulfuric acid or potassium hydroxide.
[0168]
The pH was adjusted with acetic acid or sodium hydroxide.
[0169]
The pH was adjusted with nitric acid or sodium hydroxide.
[0170]
The pH was adjusted with acetic acid or aqueous ammonia.
[0171]
[0172]
(Example 3)
For the red photosensitive layer of the sample 201 of Example 2, a sample was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, and the same evaluation was performed. When the effect of the present invention on the red photosensitive layer was confirmed, the same result as in Example 2 was obtained.
[0173]
Example 4
For the blue-sensitive layer of the sample 201 of Example 2, a sample was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 and the same evaluation was performed. When the effect of the present invention on the blue photosensitive layer was confirmed, the same result as in Example 2 was obtained.
[0174]
【The invention's effect】
The silver halide color light-sensitive material of the present invention exhibits properties excellent in sensitivity and graininess as compared with conventional products.
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16357097A JP3734926B2 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1997-06-06 | Silver halide emulsion, silver halide photographic material containing the same, and image forming processing method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16357097A JP3734926B2 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1997-06-06 | Silver halide emulsion, silver halide photographic material containing the same, and image forming processing method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10339924A JPH10339924A (en) | 1998-12-22 |
| JP3734926B2 true JP3734926B2 (en) | 2006-01-11 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16357097A Expired - Fee Related JP3734926B2 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1997-06-06 | Silver halide emulsion, silver halide photographic material containing the same, and image forming processing method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3734926B2 (en) |
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1997
- 1997-06-06 JP JP16357097A patent/JP3734926B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH10339924A (en) | 1998-12-22 |
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