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JP3749612B2 - Rolling bearing - Google Patents
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JP3749612B2 - Rolling bearing - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3749612B2
JP3749612B2 JP01319498A JP1319498A JP3749612B2 JP 3749612 B2 JP3749612 B2 JP 3749612B2 JP 01319498 A JP01319498 A JP 01319498A JP 1319498 A JP1319498 A JP 1319498A JP 3749612 B2 JP3749612 B2 JP 3749612B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
inner ring
rolling bearing
center line
average roughness
line average
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP01319498A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH11201174A (en
Inventor
智哉 服部
和久 北村
博明 竹林
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Koyo Seiko Co Ltd
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Koyo Seiko Co Ltd
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Priority to JP01319498A priority Critical patent/JP3749612B2/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、内輪がセラミックスからなるとともに鋼材製軸体に外嵌される転がり軸受に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、高温環境下で使用される転がり軸受については、外輪、内輪及び転動体をセラミックスによって形成したものが用いられている。このセラミックス製の転がり軸受においても、軸受鋼等からなる通常の転がり軸受と同様、内輪を鋼材製の軸体に直接外嵌することが行なわれている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、セラミックスからなる内輪を、鋼材製の軸体に直接外嵌した状態で、高温環境下で使用する場合、両者の熱膨張係数に差があるため[例えばセラミックス軸受によく用いられる窒化ケイ素のセラミックスの場合は2.5〜3×10-6(1/℃),これに対して鋼材は11.6×10-6(1/℃)]、温度上昇に伴って軸体の熱膨張が大きくなるのに対して、内輪の熱膨張がほとんど生じない。このため、内輪に周方向の引張応力が生じ、特に軸方向両端部に施された面取り部に応力集中が生じることから、上記面取り部を起点として亀裂や割損が発生し易いという問題があった。したがって、例えば工作機械の主軸用軸受のように、常温から高温に至るまで内輪と軸体とのしまりばめ状態を維持する必要がある場合には、セラミックス製軸受を使用できないという問題があった。
この発明は上記問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、セラミックス製の内輪と鋼材製軸体との熱膨張率の差に起因して、当該内輪内周の面取り部から亀裂や割損が発生するのを防止することができる転がり軸受を提供することを目的とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するためのこの発明の転がり軸受は、少なくとも内輪がセラミックスからなり、当該内輪が鋼材製軸体に常温から高温に至るまで前記内輪と前記軸体とのしまりばめ状態を維持して外嵌される転がり軸受において、上記内輪の内周面両端部に、中心線平均粗さ(Ra)が1.6μm以下の面取り部を形成したことを特徴とするものである。
【0005】
上記の構成の転がり軸受によれば、内輪内周の面取り部の中心線平均粗さ(Ra)を1.6μm以下としたことにより、その円周方向に作用する引張応力によって、面取り部から亀裂や割損が生じるのを防止することができる。すなわち、本願発明者は、鋭意研究の結果、上記面取り部の表面粗さを小さくすれば、その円周方向に作用する引張応力に対して優れた耐久性を発揮することができるとの知見を得、かかる知見に基づいて本願発明を完成させたものである。
また、少なくとも内輪がセラミックスからなり、当該内輪が鋼材製軸体に外嵌される工作機械の主軸用転がり軸受において、上記内輪の内周面両端部に、中心線平均粗さ(Ra)が1.6μm以下の面取り部を形成してもよい。工作機械の主軸用転がり軸受において、内輪内周の面取り部の中心線平均粗さ(Ra)を1.6μm以下としたことにより、その円周方向に作用する引張応力によって、面取り部から亀裂や割損が生じるのを防止することができる。
さらに、上記転がり軸受は、前記セラミックスの熱膨張係数が2.5〜3×10 −6 (1/℃)であってもよいし、前記セラミックスが窒化ケイ素からなってもよい。この場合においても、内輪内周の面取り部の中心線平均粗さ(Ra)を1.6μm以下としたことにより、面取り部から亀裂や割損が生じるのを防止することが可能である。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、この発明の実施の形態について、添付図面を参照しながら説明する。
図1はこの発明の転がり軸受Xの一つの実施の形態を示す断面図である。この実施の形態においては、転がり軸受Xとして深溝玉軸受を例示している。
上記転がり軸受Xは、内輪1、外輪2及び玉3がセラミックスからなり、保持器4が鋼材等の金属又は樹脂からなるものである。上記セラミックスとしては、例えば窒化ケイ素を主成分とした焼結体が用いられる。
【0007】
上記内輪1は、その内周に鋼材製の軸体5をしまりばめにて外嵌した状態で使用される。この内輪1の内周両端部には、面取り部11が形成されている。この面取り部11は、曲面からなるいわゆるR面取りであり、その表面は、中心線粗さRaが1.6μm以下になるように研削仕上げされている。
このように、上記面取り部11の中心線平均粗さRaを1.6μm以下にすることにより、内輪1に作用する円周方向の引張応力に対して、優れた耐久性を発揮することができる。このため、転がり軸受Xを高温雰囲気下で使用した場合でも、内輪1と軸体5との熱膨張係数の差に起因して当該内輪1に作用する引張応力により、面取り部11から亀裂や割損が生じるのを防止することができる。この亀裂や割損が生じるのを防止することができるのは、面取り部11の中心線平均粗さRaを上記範囲に設定することにより、面取り部11に微視的な亀裂が発生するのが防止され、この微視的な亀裂が進展して大きな亀裂や割損を生じるのが防止されるためであると推察される。
【0008】
表1は、セラミックスの中心線平均粗さRaと曲げ強度との関係について試験した結果を示す。この試験は、セラミックスとしてHIP焼結された窒化ケイ素を使用し、その表面に研削仕上げを施した試料1〜試料6、及び表面を研削仕上げを施すことなく焼結上がり面とした試料7のそれぞれの曲げ強度を求めたものである。なお、試料7の中心線平均粗さRaについてはバラツキが大きいが、概ね3.2μmである。
【0009】
【表1】

Figure 0003749612
【0010】
表1より、中心線平均粗さRaを1.6μm以下とすることにより、曲げ強度を高め得ることが明らかである。なお、中心線平均粗さRaが1.6μm以下のものどうしを比較した場合、当該中心線平均粗さRaが曲げ強度に及ぼす影響が少ないことも分かる。したがって、中心線平均粗さRaを必要以上に小さくする必要性はない。
【0011】
表2は、転がり軸受の内輪を鋼材製の軸体に外嵌し、当該軸を加熱して内輪が割損した温度から割損時の円周応力を算出した結果を示すものである。この試験に用いた内輪は、NCN206相当品(窒化ケイ素製)であり、各実施例及び比較例は、内周面両端部の面取り部の中心線平均粗さRaが異なる以外は、形状及び寸法が同一である。また、上記軸体はSUS304製である。なお、表中の割損円周応力は、各実施例及び比較例とも5個の平均値である。
【0012】
【表2】
Figure 0003749612
【0013】
表2より、中心線平均粗さRaを1.6μm以下とした実施例は、比較例に比べて割損円周応力が15%以上向上していることが分かる。なお、この試験においても、実施例どうしの比較において、中心線平均粗さRaの相違による割損円周応力の差は認められない。
【0014】
この発明の転がり軸受は上記の実施の形態に限定されるものでなく、例えば内輪1の面取り部11をC面取りで構成すること等、種々の設計変更を施すことができる。また、この発明の転がり軸受は、少なくとも内輪がセラミックスからなる軸受全般に適用可能である。
【0015】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、この発明の転がり軸受によれば、内輪内周の面取り部の中心線平均粗さを1.6μm以下としているので、その円周方向に作用する引張応力によって、面取り部から亀裂や割損が生じるのを防止することができる。したがって、工作機械の主軸用軸受のように、常温から高温に至るまで、内輪と軸体とのしまりばめ状態を維持する必要がある場合に特に好適に使用することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明の転がり軸受の一つの実施の形態を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 内輪
11 面取り部
X 転がり軸受[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a rolling bearing in which an inner ring is made of ceramics and is externally fitted to a steel shaft.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a rolling bearing used in a high temperature environment, an outer ring, an inner ring and a rolling element formed of ceramics are used. In this ceramic rolling bearing as well, as in a normal rolling bearing made of bearing steel or the like, the inner ring is directly fitted onto a steel shaft.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when the inner ring made of ceramics is used in a high temperature environment with the outer ring directly fitted on a steel shaft, there is a difference in the thermal expansion coefficient between them [for example, silicon nitride often used for ceramic bearings. In the case of ceramics, 2.5 to 3 × 10 −6 (1 / ° C.), whereas in the case of steel, 11.6 × 10 −6 (1 / ° C.), the thermal expansion of the shaft body increases with increasing temperature. In contrast to the increase, thermal expansion of the inner ring hardly occurs. For this reason, tensile stress in the circumferential direction is generated in the inner ring, and stress concentration is generated particularly in the chamfered portions at both ends in the axial direction. Therefore, there is a problem that cracks and cracks are likely to occur from the chamfered portion as a starting point. It was. Therefore, for example, when it is necessary to maintain a tight fit between the inner ring and the shaft body from room temperature to high temperature, such as a main shaft bearing of a machine tool, there is a problem that a ceramic bearing cannot be used. .
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and cracks and breakage occur from the chamfered portion of the inner ring inner periphery due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the ceramic inner ring and the steel shaft body. It is an object of the present invention to provide a rolling bearing capable of preventing the above.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the rolling bearing according to the present invention is such that at least the inner ring is made of ceramics, and the inner ring maintains a tightly-fitted state between the inner ring and the shaft body until it reaches a high temperature from a room temperature to a steel shaft body. In the rolling bearing that is externally fitted, a chamfered portion having a center line average roughness (Ra) of 1.6 μm or less is formed at both ends of the inner peripheral surface of the inner ring.
[0005]
According to the rolling bearing having the above configuration, the center line average roughness (Ra) of the chamfered portion of the inner ring inner periphery is set to 1.6 μm or less, so that the tensile stress acting in the circumferential direction causes cracks from the chamfered portion. Or breakage can be prevented. That is, as a result of earnest research, the inventor of the present application has found that if the surface roughness of the chamfered portion is reduced, excellent durability against tensile stress acting in the circumferential direction can be exhibited. The present invention has been completed based on the above findings.
Further, in a rolling bearing for a main spindle of a machine tool in which at least the inner ring is made of ceramics and the inner ring is fitted on a steel shaft body, the center line average roughness (Ra) is 1 at both ends of the inner circumferential surface of the inner ring. A chamfered portion of 6 μm or less may be formed. In a rolling bearing for a spindle of a machine tool, by setting the center line average roughness (Ra) of the chamfered portion of the inner ring inner periphery to 1.6 μm or less, the tensile stress acting in the circumferential direction causes cracks and cracks from the chamfered portion. It is possible to prevent breakage.
Furthermore, the rolling bearing may have a thermal expansion coefficient of 2.5 to 3 × 10 −6 (1 / ° C.), or the ceramic may be made of silicon nitride. Also in this case, it is possible to prevent the chamfered portion from being cracked or broken by setting the center line average roughness (Ra) of the chamfered portion of the inner ring inner periphery to 1.6 μm or less.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a rolling bearing X according to the present invention. In this embodiment, a deep groove ball bearing is illustrated as the rolling bearing X.
In the rolling bearing X, the inner ring 1, the outer ring 2 and the balls 3 are made of ceramics, and the cage 4 is made of a metal such as a steel material or a resin. As the ceramic, for example, a sintered body mainly composed of silicon nitride is used.
[0007]
The inner ring 1 is used in a state in which a shaft 5 made of a steel material is externally fitted with an interference fit. Chamfered portions 11 are formed at both inner peripheral ends of the inner ring 1. The chamfered portion 11 is a so-called R chamfer made of a curved surface, and the surface thereof is ground and finished so that the center line roughness Ra is 1.6 μm or less.
As described above, by setting the center line average roughness Ra of the chamfered portion 11 to 1.6 μm or less, it is possible to exhibit excellent durability against the tensile stress in the circumferential direction acting on the inner ring 1. . For this reason, even when the rolling bearing X is used in a high temperature atmosphere, cracks and cracks are generated from the chamfered portion 11 due to the tensile stress acting on the inner ring 1 due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the inner ring 1 and the shaft body 5. It is possible to prevent loss. This cracking and cracking can be prevented by setting the center line average roughness Ra of the chamfered portion 11 within the above range to cause microscopic cracks in the chamfered portion 11. It is presumed that this is because it is prevented that the microscopic cracks develop and large cracks or breakage occur.
[0008]
Table 1 shows the results of testing the relationship between the center line average roughness Ra of ceramics and the bending strength. In this test, HIP-sintered silicon nitride was used as ceramics, and samples 1 to 6 were subjected to grinding finish on the surface, and sample 7 was used as a sintered surface without grinding finish. The bending strength of was obtained. Note that the center line average roughness Ra of the sample 7 varies greatly, but is approximately 3.2 μm.
[0009]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003749612
[0010]
From Table 1, it is clear that the bending strength can be increased by setting the center line average roughness Ra to 1.6 μm or less. In addition, when the center line average roughness Ra is 1.6 μm or less, it can be seen that the center line average roughness Ra has little influence on the bending strength. Therefore, there is no need to make the center line average roughness Ra smaller than necessary.
[0011]
Table 2 shows the result of calculating the circumferential stress at the time of cracking from the temperature at which the inner ring of the rolling bearing was fitted on a shaft made of steel and the shaft was heated to break the inner ring. The inner ring used in this test is NCN206 equivalent (made of silicon nitride), and each example and comparative example has the same shape and dimensions except that the center line average roughness Ra of the chamfered portions at both ends of the inner peripheral surface is different. Are the same. The shaft body is made of SUS304. In addition, the breaking circumferential stress in a table | surface is an average value of 5 pieces in each Example and a comparative example.
[0012]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003749612
[0013]
From Table 2, it can be seen that in the examples in which the center line average roughness Ra is 1.6 μm or less, the fracture circumferential stress is improved by 15% or more compared to the comparative example. In this test as well, in the comparison between the examples, no difference in the fracture circumferential stress due to the difference in the center line average roughness Ra is recognized.
[0014]
The rolling bearing of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various design changes can be made, for example, the chamfered portion 11 of the inner ring 1 is configured by C chamfering. The rolling bearing of the present invention is applicable to all bearings in which at least the inner ring is made of ceramics.
[0015]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the rolling bearing of the present invention, since the center line average roughness of the chamfered portion of the inner ring inner periphery is set to 1.6 μm or less, the tensile stress acting in the circumferential direction causes cracks from the chamfered portion. Or breakage can be prevented. Therefore, it can be used particularly suitably when it is necessary to maintain a tight fit state between the inner ring and the shaft body from room temperature to high temperature, such as a main shaft bearing of a machine tool.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a rolling bearing according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Inner ring 11 Chamfered part X Rolling bearing

Claims (4)

少なくとも内輪がセラミックスからなり、当該内輪が鋼材製軸体に常温から高温に至るまで前記内輪と前記軸体とのしまりばめ状態を維持して外嵌される転がり軸受において、
上記内輪の内周面両端部に、中心線平均粗さ(Ra)が1.6μm以下の面取り部を形成したことを特徴とする転がり軸受。
In a rolling bearing in which at least the inner ring is made of ceramics, and the inner ring is externally fitted to the steel shaft body while maintaining a tight fit state between the inner ring and the shaft body from room temperature to high temperature ,
A rolling bearing characterized in that a chamfered portion having a center line average roughness (Ra) of 1.6 μm or less is formed at both ends of the inner peripheral surface of the inner ring.
少なくとも内輪がセラミックスからなり、当該内輪が鋼材製軸体に外嵌される工作機械の主軸用転がり軸受において、In a rolling bearing for a spindle of a machine tool in which at least the inner ring is made of ceramics, and the inner ring is fitted on a steel shaft body,
上記内輪の内周面両端部に、中心線平均粗さ(Ra)が1.6μm以下の面取り部を形成したことを特徴とする工作機械の主軸用転がり軸受。  A rolling bearing for a spindle of a machine tool, wherein chamfered portions having a center line average roughness (Ra) of 1.6 μm or less are formed at both ends of the inner peripheral surface of the inner ring.
前記セラミックスの熱膨張係数が2.5〜3×10The thermal expansion coefficient of the ceramic is 2.5-3 × 10 −6-6 (1/℃)である請求項1又は2に記載の転がり軸受。The rolling bearing according to claim 1 or 2, which is (1 / ° C). 前記セラミックスが窒化ケイ素からなる請求項1又は2に記載の転がり軸受。The rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic is made of silicon nitride.
JP01319498A 1998-01-07 1998-01-07 Rolling bearing Expired - Fee Related JP3749612B2 (en)

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EP2643602A1 (en) * 2010-11-25 2013-10-02 Aktiebolaget SKF Bearing and method of inhibiting crack propagation in a bearing component
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