JP3751145B2 - Surface active Lewis acid catalyst - Google Patents
Surface active Lewis acid catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- JP3751145B2 JP3751145B2 JP05307598A JP5307598A JP3751145B2 JP 3751145 B2 JP3751145 B2 JP 3751145B2 JP 05307598 A JP05307598 A JP 05307598A JP 5307598 A JP5307598 A JP 5307598A JP 3751145 B2 JP3751145 B2 JP 3751145B2
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- lewis acid
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
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- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この出願の発明は、界面活性ルイス酸触媒に関するものである。さらに詳しくは、この出願の発明は、有機溶媒を使用することなしに水媒体中での有機合成反応を高い収率と優れた選択性で可能とする、新しい界面活性ルイス酸触媒と、その製造方法並びにこの触媒を用いた有機化合物の合成方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術とその課題】
有機溶媒を用いることなしに水媒体中で有機反応を行うことは、環境問題への配慮からも注目されている。しかしながら、有機反応に水媒体を用いることには大きな制約がある。多くの場合、有機化合物は水に溶解せず、しかも反応中間体そして触媒も水によって分解されてしまうことが多いからである。
【0003】
その特徴のある反応活性や選択性、さらには温和な条件での反応が可能である等の点で注目されるルイス酸についても事情は変わらない。このルイス酸を触媒として使用する場合、水に対して不安定であって、水媒体中では使用できないからである。
このような状況において、この出願の発明者らは、水安定性のルイス酸としての希土類トリフレートを見出し、このものを水媒体中において有機合成反応に用いることを可能としてきた。
【0004】
だが、この希土類トリフレートをルイス酸触媒とする反応では、反応効率を上げるためには、水とともに、THF、アルコール、アセトニトリル等の有機溶媒を使用することが必要とされていた。
この出願の発明は、以上のとおりの従来技術の問題を踏まえてなされたものであって、有機溶媒を全く使用することなしに高い収率と、優れた選択性のもとに有機合成反応を水媒体中で行うことのできる新しいルイス酸触媒と、その製造法並びにこれを用いた有機合成反応方法を提供することを課題としている。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この出願は、上記の課題を解決するために、第1の発明として、分子内に疎水性原子団と親水性原子団が存在することで界面活性能を持ち、かつ、親水性原子団の少なくとも一部がルイス酸性を有する、次式(I)で表される界面活性ルイス酸触媒を提供する。
【0006】
【化2】
【0007】
(式中のMは、希土類金属元素の少くとも1種を、R 1 X - は、有機酸基の共役塩基を示し、R1は、炭素数が8〜30の官能基を有していてもよい炭化水素基を示す。)
また、この出願は、上記第1の発明に関連して、第2の発明として、式(I)におけるR 1 が、脂肪族炭化水素基、芳香族炭化水素基および脂肪族炭化水素基を有する芳香族炭化水素基の群から選ばれる1種以上の炭化水素基である界面活性ルイス酸触媒を、第3の発明として、式(I)におけるX - が、COO - 、SO 3 - 、OSO 3 - 、OPO 3 2- 、または(フェニル)O - 構造で表される界面活性ルイス酸触媒を提供する。
【0008】
そして、この出願は、前記いずれかの界面活性ルイス酸触媒の製造方法であって、有機酸のアルカリ金属塩またはアルカリ土類金属塩と希土類金属ハロゲン化物とを水中で混合することを特徴とする界面活性ルイス酸触媒の製造方法と、有機酸と希土類金属の酸化物または水酸化物とを水中で混合することを特徴とする界面活性ルイス酸触媒の製造方法を提供する。
【0009】
さらにまた、この出願は、前記いずれかの界面活性ルイス触媒を用いる有機化合物の製造方法であって、界面活性ルイス酸触媒の存在下、ルイス酸触媒反応を水中で行うことを特徴とする有機化合物の製造方法を提供し、反応基質として、水溶性化合物、非水溶性化合物、水に不安定な化合物を用いる有機化合物の製造方法を、水溶性化合物は、糖類またはアミノ酸類であり、水に不安定な化合物は、酸ハロゲン化物、酸無水物、有機金属化合物またはシリルエノラートである有機化合物の製造方法を、ルイス酸触媒反応がアルドール型反応、フリーデル−クラフツ型反応、マンニッヒ型反応、グリコシル化反応、エステル化反応、アリル化反応である有機化合物の製造方法をも提供する。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
この出願の発明は、上記のとおりの特徴を持つものであるが、以下に、さらに詳しくその実施の形態について説明する。
まず、前記のとおりの式(I)で表わされるこの発明の界面活性ルイス酸触媒は、分子内に疎水性原子団と親水性原子団とが存在することで界面活性能を持ち、親水性原子団の少くとも一部がルイス酸性を有している。
【0011】
式(I)におけるMは遷移金属の少くとも1種であるが、なかでも、Sc、Yb、Sm、Y、Nd等の元素からなる希土類元素の群から選択されたものが好適に用いられる。
また、R 1 は、炭化水素基であって、その構成炭素数は、8〜30である。炭化水素基は、脂肪族炭化水素基、芳香族炭化水素基、および芳香脂肪族炭化水素のうちの各種のものであってよく、これらは、この発明の界面活性ルイス酸触媒の活性を損わない限り、任意の置換基を有していてもよい。置換基としては、アルキル基、アリール基等の炭化水素基をはじめ、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシル基、アルコキシ基、アシルオキシ基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、シアノ基等が例示される。
【0012】
有機酸基の共役塩基を表わす式(I)のR 1 X - におけるX- は、たとえばCOO- 、SO3 - 、OSO3 - 、OPO3 2- 、さらには(フェニル)O- の構造等が適当なものとして例示されることになる。
【0013】
たとえば以上のようなこの発明の界面活性ルイス酸触媒については、前記のように、有機酸のアルカリ金属塩またはアルカリ土類金属塩と希土類金属ハロゲン化物とを水中で混合するか、あるいは有機酸と希土類金属の酸化物もしくは水酸化物とを水中で混合することにより製造することができる。製造されたこの発明の界面活性ルイス酸触媒は、水中でのルイス酸触媒反応を用いられる。この反応は各種のものであってよく、アルドール型反応をはじめとするルイス酸触媒反応の各種のものが考慮される。アルドール反応、イミノアルドール反応、マンニッヒ型反応、マイケル反応、グリコシル化反応、エステル化反応、アリル化反応、フリーデル−クラフツ反応等である。この際の反応基質は、水溶性化合物、非水溶性化合物、水に安定な化合物あるいは水に不安定な化合物のいずれであってもよい。水溶性化合物は、たとえばアルコール類等のヒドロキシ化合物、糖類やアミノ酸類等であり、水に不安定な化合物は、たとえば酸ハロゲン化物、酸無水物、有機金属化合物、シリルエノラート等である。
【0014】
これらの反応基質に対してこの発明の界面活性ルイス酸触媒は広い使用割合範囲で用いることができ、たとえば、反応基質に対して、0.001〜1当量の範囲で用いることができる。
いずれの場合でも、この出願の発明による界面活性ルイス酸触媒で、高い収率で、優れた選択性で、しかも温和な条件のもとに高効率での有機合成反応が可能とされる。また、反応生成物との分離も容易である。
【0015】
以下、実施例を示し、さらに詳しくこの発明について説明する。
【0016】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
塩化スカンジウム(ScCl3 )と、ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム(NaOSO3 C12H25)とを略等モル比で水中において混合し、次式
Sc(OSO3 C12H25)3
で表わされるスカンジウムトリスドデシルサルフェート(STDS)を製造した。このものの同定値は次の表1のとおりであった。
【0017】
【表1】
【0018】
(実施例2)
実施例1と同様にして、ドデシル基(C12H25)を他のアルキルとしたスカンジウム塩化合物、並びに硫酸エステル塩に代えてスルホン酸塩とした各種の化合物を製造した。
実施例1の化合物、そして上記の各種化合物を用いて、表2のとおりのベンズアルデヒドと(Z)−1−フェニル−1−トリメチルシロキシプロペンとのアルドール付加反応を行った。スカンジウム塩化合物は0.1当量用い、水中において室温で4時間反応させた。その結果を示したものが表2である。
【0019】
【表2】
【0020】
表2より、STDS、すなわちSc(OSO3 C12H25)3 を触媒とする場合には、92%という極めて高い収率でアルドール付加体であるヒドロキシカルボニル化合物が得られる。また、スルホン酸塩であるSc(OSO2 C12H25)の場合にも収率83%で、また、Sc(OSO2 p−R−C6 H4 )3 の場合にも収率91%で得られている。
【0021】
Sc(OSO3 C14H29)3 の硫酸塩化合物、並びにSc(OSO2 C13H27)3 でも、各々、73%および76%の高い収率でアルドール付加体が得られている。
(比較例1)
前記STDSを用いて、実施例2と同様のアルドール付加反応を種々の溶媒中において行った。
【0022】
その結果を示したものが表3である。
水媒体中での反応(収率92%)が顕著であることがわかる。
【0023】
【表3】
【0024】
(比較例2)
実施例1において、STDSに代えて、スカンジウムトリフレート:Sc(OTf)3 を触媒として用いて反応を行ったが、アルドール付加体は、わずか3%の収率でしか得られなかった。
(実施例3)
前記STDSを触媒として、水媒体中において表4に示したとおりの各種の反応基質を用いて反応を行った。
【0025】
触媒STDSは、0.1〜0.2当量の割合で使用し、室温で反応させた。
各種のアルデヒド化合物より高い収率でアルドール付加体が得られることが表4の結果よりわかる。
【0026】
【表4】
【0027】
【発明の効果】
以上詳しく説明したとおり、この出願の発明の界面活性ルイス酸触媒により、有機溶媒を一切使用することなく、水媒体中において、高い収率で、優れた選択性で、しかも温和な条件下に有機合成反応を実施することが可能となる。反応生成物との分離も容易である。
【0028】
有機溶媒の廃棄にともなう環境負荷の問題も、またその回収にともなう実際的負担も生じることのない極めて価値の高いルイス酸触媒が提供されることになる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention of this application relates to a surface active Lewis acid catalyst. More specifically, the invention of this application relates to a novel surface-active Lewis acid catalyst that enables an organic synthesis reaction in an aqueous medium with a high yield and excellent selectivity without using an organic solvent, and its production. The present invention relates to a method and a method for synthesizing an organic compound using the catalyst.
[0002]
[Prior art and its problems]
Performing an organic reaction in an aqueous medium without using an organic solvent has attracted attention from the viewpoint of environmental issues. However, the use of an aqueous medium for organic reactions has great limitations. In many cases, the organic compound does not dissolve in water, and the reaction intermediate and the catalyst are often decomposed by water.
[0003]
There is no change in the situation of Lewis acids, which are attracting attention in terms of their characteristic reaction activity and selectivity, and the ability to react under mild conditions. This is because when this Lewis acid is used as a catalyst, it is unstable with respect to water and cannot be used in an aqueous medium.
Under such circumstances, the inventors of this application have found a rare earth triflate as a water-stable Lewis acid, and have made it possible to use this in organic medium in an aqueous medium.
[0004]
However, in the reaction using the rare earth triflate as a Lewis acid catalyst, it is necessary to use an organic solvent such as THF, alcohol, and acetonitrile together with water in order to increase the reaction efficiency.
The invention of this application was made in view of the problems of the prior art as described above, and the organic synthesis reaction was performed based on high yield and excellent selectivity without using any organic solvent. It is an object of the present invention to provide a new Lewis acid catalyst that can be carried out in an aqueous medium, a production method thereof, and an organic synthesis reaction method using the catalyst.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, this application has, as the first invention, the presence of a hydrophobic atomic group and a hydrophilic atomic group in the molecule so that the surface active ability is present, and at least the hydrophilic atomic group is present. Provided is a surface-active Lewis acid catalyst represented by the following formula (I), partly having Lewis acidity.
[0006]
[Chemical 2]
[0007]
(In the formula , M represents at least one rare earth metal element , R 1 X − Represents a conjugate base of an organic acid group , and R 1 represents a hydrocarbon group which may have a functional group having 8 to 30 carbon atoms . )
Further, this application relates to the first invention, as a second invention, R 1 in the formula (I) has an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group and an aliphatic hydrocarbon group. A surface-active Lewis acid catalyst that is one or more hydrocarbon groups selected from the group of aromatic hydrocarbon groups is a third invention in which X − in formula (I) is COO − , SO 3 − , OSO 3. The present invention provides a surface-active Lewis acid catalyst represented by a-, OPO 3 2- , or (phenyl) O - structure .
[0008]
And this application is a method for producing any of the above-mentioned surface-active Lewis acid catalysts, characterized in that an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of an organic acid and a rare earth metal halide are mixed in water. Provided are a method for producing a surface active Lewis acid catalyst, and a method for producing a surface active Lewis acid catalyst characterized by mixing an organic acid and a rare earth metal oxide or hydroxide in water.
[0009]
Furthermore, this application provides a method for producing an organic compound using the Izu Re or surfactants Lewis catalyst, and carrying out the presence of a surface active Lewis acid catalyst, a Lewis acid catalysis in water provides a process for producing an organic compound, as a reaction substrate, a water-soluble compound, the water-insoluble compounds, a manufacturing method of organic compounds using unstable compounds in water, a water-soluble compound is a sugar or amino acids, water The compound that is unstable is an acid halide, an acid anhydride, an organometallic compound, or a method for producing an organic compound that is a silyl enolate. Also provided are methods for producing organic compounds that are glycosylation reactions, esterification reactions, and allylation reactions.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention of this application has the characteristics as described above, and the embodiment thereof will be described in more detail below.
First, the surface-active Lewis acid catalyst of the present invention represented by the formula (I) as described above has a surface-active ability due to the presence of a hydrophobic atomic group and a hydrophilic atomic group in the molecule. At least a part of the group has Lewis acidity.
[0011]
M in the formula (I) is at least one kind of transition metal, and among these, those selected from the group of rare earth elements composed of elements such as Sc, Yb, Sm, Y, and Nd are preferably used.
R 1 is a hydrocarbon group having 8 to 30 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbon group may be any of an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and an araliphatic hydrocarbon, which impair the activity of the surface active Lewis acid catalyst of the present invention. As long as there is no, you may have arbitrary substituents. Examples of the substituent include hydrocarbon groups such as alkyl groups and aryl groups, as well as halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, alkoxy groups, acyloxy groups, amino groups, nitro groups, and cyano groups.
[0012]
R 1 X − in formula (I) representing the conjugate base of the organic acid group As X − , for example, the structure of COO − , SO 3 − , OSO 3 − , OPO 3 2− , and (phenyl) O − is exemplified as an appropriate one.
[0013]
For example, in the surface active Lewis acid catalyst of the present invention as described above, as described above, an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of an organic acid and a rare earth metal halide are mixed in water, or an organic acid and It can be produced by mixing a rare earth metal oxide or hydroxide in water. The produced surface-active Lewis acid catalyst of the present invention can use a Lewis acid-catalyzed reaction in water. This reaction may be of various types, and various types of Lewis acid catalyzed reactions including aldol type reactions are considered. Examples include aldol reaction, iminoaldol reaction, Mannich type reaction, Michael reaction, glycosylation reaction, esterification reaction, allylation reaction, Friedel-Crafts reaction and the like. The reaction substrate at this time may be any of a water-soluble compound, a water-insoluble compound, a water-stable compound, or a water-stable compound. Water-soluble compounds are, for example, hydroxy compounds such as alcohols, saccharides and amino acids, and water-labile compounds are, for example, acid halides, acid anhydrides, organometallic compounds, silyl enolates, and the like.
[0014]
The surface-active Lewis acid catalyst of the present invention can be used in a wide range of use ratios with respect to these reaction substrates. For example, it can be used in the range of 0.001 to 1 equivalent with respect to the reaction substrate.
In any case, the surface-active Lewis acid catalyst according to the invention of this application enables an organic synthesis reaction with high yield, excellent selectivity, and high efficiency under mild conditions. In addition, separation from the reaction product is easy.
[0015]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
[0016]
【Example】
Example 1
Scandium chloride (ScCl 3 ) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaOSO 3 C 12 H 25 ) were mixed in water at an approximately equimolar ratio, and the following formula Sc (OSO 3 C 12 H 25 ) 3
Scandium trisdodecyl sulfate (STDS) represented by The identification value of this product was as shown in Table 1 below.
[0017]
[Table 1]
[0018]
(Example 2)
In the same manner as in Example 1, scandium salt compounds in which the dodecyl group (C 12 H 25 ) was other alkyls and various compounds in which sulfonates were substituted for sulfate salts were produced.
Using the compound of Example 1 and the various compounds described above, aldol addition reaction between benzaldehyde and (Z) -1-phenyl-1-trimethylsiloxypropene as shown in Table 2 was performed. The scandium salt compound was used in an amount of 0.1 equivalent and reacted in water at room temperature for 4 hours. Table 2 shows the results.
[0019]
[Table 2]
[0020]
From Table 2, when STDS, that is, Sc (OSO 3 C 12 H 25 ) 3 is used as a catalyst, a hydroxycarbonyl compound which is an aldol adduct is obtained in a very high yield of 92%. Also, the yield of 83% was obtained in the case of Sc (OSO 2 C 12 H 25 ) which is a sulfonate, and the yield was also 91% in the case of Sc (OSO 2 p—R—C 6 H 4 ) 3. Is obtained.
[0021]
Sc (OSO 3 C 14 H 29 ) 3 sulfate compound and Sc (OSO 2 C 13 H 27 ) 3 also have aldol adducts in high yields of 73% and 76%, respectively.
(Comparative Example 1)
Using the STDS, the same aldol addition reaction as in Example 2 was performed in various solvents.
[0022]
Table 3 shows the results.
It can be seen that the reaction in an aqueous medium (yield 92%) is remarkable.
[0023]
[Table 3]
[0024]
(Comparative Example 2)
In Example 1, instead of STDS, the reaction was performed using scandium triflate: Sc (OTf) 3 as a catalyst, but the aldol adduct was obtained only in a yield of 3%.
Example 3
The reaction was carried out using various reaction substrates as shown in Table 4 in an aqueous medium using the STDS as a catalyst.
[0025]
The catalyst STDS was used at a ratio of 0.1 to 0.2 equivalent and reacted at room temperature.
It can be seen from the results in Table 4 that aldol adducts can be obtained in higher yields than various aldehyde compounds.
[0026]
[Table 4]
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
As explained in detail above, the surface-active Lewis acid catalyst of the invention of this application enables high yield, excellent selectivity, and organicity under mild conditions in an aqueous medium without using any organic solvent. It is possible to carry out a synthesis reaction. Separation from the reaction product is also easy.
[0028]
It is possible to provide a highly valuable Lewis acid catalyst that does not cause the environmental burden associated with the disposal of the organic solvent and the practical burden associated with its recovery.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP05307598A JP3751145B2 (en) | 1998-03-05 | 1998-03-05 | Surface active Lewis acid catalyst |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP05307598A JP3751145B2 (en) | 1998-03-05 | 1998-03-05 | Surface active Lewis acid catalyst |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11244705A JPH11244705A (en) | 1999-09-14 |
| JP3751145B2 true JP3751145B2 (en) | 2006-03-01 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP05307598A Expired - Lifetime JP3751145B2 (en) | 1998-03-05 | 1998-03-05 | Surface active Lewis acid catalyst |
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| Country | Link |
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| JP (1) | JP3751145B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009215204A (en) * | 2008-03-10 | 2009-09-24 | Japan Science & Technology Agency | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CYCLIC alpha-HYDROXY-alpha,beta-UNSATURATED KETONE COMPOUND AND CYCLOPENTENONE COMPOUND |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3389176B2 (en) | 1999-11-17 | 2003-03-24 | 科学技術振興事業団 | Polymer-supported Lewis acid catalyst |
| JP3765394B2 (en) | 2001-03-15 | 2006-04-12 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | Underwater aldol reaction method |
| KR100644345B1 (en) * | 2005-02-07 | 2006-11-10 | 한국과학기술연구원 | Catalyst composition for decomposition of gaseous organic compounds using water decomposition products and conversion of carbon dioxide to organic materials |
| JP4572372B2 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2010-11-04 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | Method for producing optically active quaternary carbon-containing compound |
| JP5142178B2 (en) | 2006-03-10 | 2013-02-13 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | Immobilized Lewis acid catalyst coated with ionic liquid and use thereof |
| JP5189564B2 (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2013-04-24 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | Method for dehydration condensation reaction in water and catalyst used in the method |
| US8461378B2 (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2013-06-11 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Purification of fluoroalkanesulfonate salts |
| JP5466725B2 (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2014-04-09 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | Process for producing β-hydroxycarbonyl compound |
| JP6061527B2 (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2017-01-18 | 東京応化工業株式会社 | Non-aqueous cleaning agent and method for etching silicon substrate |
-
1998
- 1998-03-05 JP JP05307598A patent/JP3751145B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009215204A (en) * | 2008-03-10 | 2009-09-24 | Japan Science & Technology Agency | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CYCLIC alpha-HYDROXY-alpha,beta-UNSATURATED KETONE COMPOUND AND CYCLOPENTENONE COMPOUND |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH11244705A (en) | 1999-09-14 |
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